Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Le vote stratégique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 46 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Le vote stratégique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Karlsson, Erik. "Les systèmes électoraux et le vote stratégique : Le facteur psychologique et le vote stratégique aux élections législatives en Suède et en France." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54493.
Full textNdiaye, El hadji Abdoul Aziz. "Essai sur l'analyse économique des mécanismes de décision collectivre : choix social et candidature stratégique." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN0643.
Full textGauthier, Belzile Alexandre. "Polarisation et candidatures stratégiques sous des systèmes de vote préférentiel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29947/29947.pdf.
Full textValeu, Aristide. "Contribution à l'analyse économique du comportement d'échange de votes." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN0671.
Full textIn this thesis, we use the tools developed by social choice theory to discuss aspects of voting behavior, particularly in committees. Unlike many studies following the fundamental contribution of Arrow, we adopt here a positive approach, as opposed to the axiomatic approach based on mechanisms satisfying a set of value judgments. Specifically, we focus on successive majority votes, and we provide answers about the possibility of such phenomena as Anscombe's paradox, logrolling, or voting trading. In particular, we explain the circumstances under which these phenomena are likely to occur, depending on the size of the society, the size of coalitions of agents, or the quota for a motion to be voted. Finally, we evaluate how frequently these phenomena are susceptible to occur
Bongiovanni, Isabelle. "La coopération inter-hospitalière : voie d'action stratégique des hôpitaux publics français." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24015.
Full textWilczynski, Anaëlle. "Interaction entre agents modélisée par un réseau social dans des problématiques de choix social computationnel Strategic Voting in a Social Context: Considerate Equilibria Object Allocation via Swaps along a Social Network Local Envy-Freeness in House Allocation Problems Constrained Swap Dynamics over a Social Network in Distributed Resource Reallocation Poll-Confident Voters in Iterative Voting." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED073.
Full textSocial choice is the study of collective decision making, where a set of agents must make a decision over a set of alternatives, according to their preferences. The question relies on how aggregating the preferences of the agents in order to end up with a decision that is commonly acceptable for the group. Typically, agents can interact by collaborating, or exchanging some information. It is usually assumed in computational social choice that every agent is able to interact with any other agent. However, this assumption looks unrealistic in many concrete situations. We propose to relax this assumption by considering that the possibility of interaction is given by a social network, represented by a graph over the agents.In this context, we study two particular problems of computational social choice: strategic voting and resource allocation of indivisible goods. The focus is on two types of interaction: collaboration and information gathering. We explore how the social network,modelingapossibilityofcollaboration or a visibility relation among the agents, can impact the resolution and the solution of voting and resource allocation problems. These questions are addressed via computational social choice by using tools from algorithmic game theory and computational complexity
Krempp, Michèle. "Une nouvelle stratégie de fonctionnalisation par voie organosilicique en série aromatique." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10650.
Full textVaujany, Robert de. "Stratégie de diversification internationale de la PME : l'implantation d'une filiale dans un pays en voie de développement." Lyon 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO33010.
Full textThe diversification of a p. M. E. By making its activities international corresponds to a line of development which we examine in this thesis. This international expansion can take place in several different ways (simple export of products, sale of a licence, technology transfer, franchise, the creation of an affiliate by a p. M. E. : directly or in a joint venture). We analyse the ultimate phase of this type of international diversification, which consists in the creation of an affiliate by a p. M. E. , in a developing country. Our thesis includes two very distinct parts : 1 - the analysis of a concrete case of installation of a p. M. E. Affiliate in a developing country. 2 - a generalization in the form of a methodical guide to this type of installation, followed by recommendations resulting from observations compiled from engineering firms and companies with a vast experience in the field
Ouattara, Mahama. "Chimiothérapie du paludisme : stratégie prodrogue pour des amidines actives par voie orale." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON13525.
Full textThe increasing extension of the chemoresistance of Plasmodium to the current antimalarial drugs, requires a new chemotherapeutic approach of malaria. Within this framework of the research, our study is devoted to the improvement of the in vitro and in vivo oral effectiveness of new active amidinic drugs on Plasmodium. "We prepared according ta a prodrug's strategy, amidine carbamates, amidine phosphonamidates and amidoximes. We carried out the synthesis of O-substituted derivatives of amidoximes as weil as oxadiazolone and oxadiazole heterocycles. These potential prodrugs of amidine were also evaluated on a murine model of Plasmodium (P. Vinckel). Their tolerance in the mice was assessed. This approach led to amidoxime and analogs prodrugs with antiplasmodial activity and oral administration efficiency
Santa, Cruz Portal Hilda. "La technologie appropriée : une stratégie alternative pour les pays en voie de développement." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100072.
Full textWe have divided our study into three parts: first a critique of technology transfer; then; an evaluation of the advantages which appropriate technologies have brought to the third world; finally, an analysis of the conditions which permit appropriate technologies to be a real factor of development. The question of the impact of foreign technologies has been a highly controversial one for more than twenty years. Among the criticisms are the following: the excessive dependence of the developing countries on the developed countries; the contribution of certain technologies which have now been rendered obsolete; the absence of selectivity regarding these technologies and their lack of adaptability to the situation. Furthermore, the developing countries must become heavily indebted, or they must accept the entry of foreign capitals on a massive scale. Faced with the totality of these problems, the third world is experiencing the crucial necessity of rediscovering its identity by means of proposing favorable conditions for the creation of original local technologies. The third world must rely on an authentic and indigenous development based upon the culture of its people with the goal of focusing on the human being and upon realizing their project of civilization. The choice of appropriate technologies is the natural correlative of an appropriate developmental strategy, but it is also relevant to the acceleration of the development process as well as to the installation of a new international economic order. Accordingly, the object of this study is to address the totality of the problems which technology poses for the third world and thereby to elicit both reflection and debate with the goal of helping to solve this thorny problem
Sastra, Hasan Yudie. "La technologie et la concurrence industrielle : approche d'un pays en développement par la méthode du cadre logique général." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX3A001.
Full textBAYOUDH, ABDELHAMID. "La stratégie de développement tunisienne et l'internationalisation du capital." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOD004.
Full textTo introduce the subject, the writer raises general theorical questions about development schemes, principal actors of their promotion and characterizing axes of their evolution especially in "open" strategy determined by the capitalism crisis and the dynamics of the increasing internationalization of the capital. After, the investigation concern the international capital evolution end the progressive passage of Tunisia under foreign domination before and during French colonial protectorate. In that context, Tunisia becomes under-developed. After independence (on March 20th 1956), the unsuccessful liberal development experience oblige the Tunisian state to impose important planified economic reforms, during the sixties years, helped fundamentally by the international public capital. When the Tunisian burgesses becomes enough strong, she adopts, since the beginning of the seventieth years, a capitalist development strategy with an advantageous system investment especially for international capital. The Tunisian "open" development has important impact on different economic activities. However, the results are so much insufficient that they conclude to a social, political and cultural impasse
Bruxelle, Jean-François. "Développement d’une stratégie vaccinale par voie muqueuse ciblant les protéines de surface de Clostridium difficile." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS355/document.
Full textClostridium difficile is an anaerobic bacterium that is responsible for post-antibiotic diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. The disruption of the intestinal microbiota barrier effect promotes the establishment of C. difficile, which multiplies, adheres to epithelial cells, and produces the toxins TcdA and TcdB. C. difficile infections are considered as a major public threat. In particular, the multiple recurrences are difficult to treat. Active immunization is one of the new approaches to reduce recurrences and the incidence of these infections. Several vaccine targeting toxins are in development. However, these vaccines have no effect on the first step of C. difficile infection, the host colonization. The objective was to develop a mucosal vaccine strategy to act on intestinal colonization. Surface proteins of C. difficile and TcdB involved in the pathogenicity process were selected and used as vaccine targets. These antigens were produced and encapsulated to deliver them to the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, to induce a gut mucosal immunity, different adjuvants were tested. After vaccination, we analyzed the local and systemic immune response by immunoassays. Finally, in order to characterize new vaccine candidates, the role of different surface proteins in C. difficile colonization was evaluated. These vaccine trials were conducted in two animal models of reference for C. difficile infections: the mouse and the hamster models, which permit to follow the colonization and the survival rate after infection, respectively
Tanga, Annabelle. "Evaluation d'une stratégie thérapeutique dans la broncho-pneumopathie chronique obstructive basée sur l'administration d'anti-protéases par voie aérosol." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR4007/document.
Full textInflammation has been demonstrated to play a central role in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Neutrophil influx leads to a massive release of neutrophil serine proteases elastase (NSPs): elastase (HNE), proteinase 3 (Pr3) and cathepsin (CG) thereby leading to a protease/anti-protease imbalance. Besides the proteolytic damages to the lung extracellular matrix proteins, these proteases stimulate secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and therefore contribute to the perpetuation of inflammation. In order to target these proteases in COPD, we have examined the capacity of trappin-2 A62L (A62L T2), a genetically modified inhibitor which is able to inhibit all three serine neutrophil proteinases at the same time to protect the alveolar epithelium of the deleterious effects caused by the NSPS. In our study, we showed that T2 A62L significantly inhibits cell detachment and degradation of cell junction proteins (E-cadherin, ß-catenin and ZO-1, zonula occludens-1) of alveolar epithelial cells (A549) induced by each individual NSPS or by activated neutrophils. In addition to their antiproteolytic action T2 and T2 A62L reduced proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 release by A549 cells, previously stimulated by HNE or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
Tonin, Yann. "Développement d'une stratégie thérapeutique anti-réplicative via l'exploitation de la voie d'import des ARN dans les mitochondries humaines." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ093/document.
Full textMitochondria are involved in many metabolic pathways, and mutations in their genome (mtDNA) can cause a wide range of human disorders. No efficient treatment against these pathologies is currently available. The objective of this work consisted in the development of a therapeutic approach, called anti-replicative, based on the use of the natural pathway of RNA import into mitochondria. Small artificial RNA molecules able to be imported into human mitochondria have been used as vectors to address oligoribonucleotides capable to hybridize specifically to mutant mtDNA and to stop its replication. The effect of various chemical modifications on the stability, import and efficiency of these recombinant RNA has been characterized. All the data obtained prove the validity of the anti-replicative strategy for mtDNA containing a large deletion or pathogenic point mutations and can be considered as an important step to further develop an efficient therapy of mitochondrial diseases
Rossignol, Raphaël. "Dimensions stratégiques et sécuritaires de I'exploitation des ressources naturelles d'Afrique subsaharienne par la Chine." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0140.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to consider the economic and political relations between China and sub-Saharan Africa to the extent that they involve security issues. The selected angle is used to link three perspectives, starting from a classical approach measuring the real importance and describing the mechanisms of China-Africa economic relations. Then follows a more detailed discussion about the terms of the exploitation of African natural resources by Chinese publicly owned companies. Finally ensues an analysis of the role played by those of these Chinese enterprises that work in the defense industry at large. This thesis examines how China deploys strategic thinking around the competition between Beijing and the Western powers for the operation and control of African natural resources. In this context, the risks faced by Chinese companies are represented as well by the political instability of some of the countries where they operate, and by the interventions of foreign powers in these conflicts to protect competing interests of those in Beijing. These conflicts are indeed likely to break Chinese supplies to prevent Chinese companies to operate and even to overthrow or weaken political allies of Beijing. To counter those risks, China is increasing its military commitment to the continent by selling its trading partners defenses in the form of weapons and military training. These exchanges involve the Chinese defense industries, which are also conglomerates operating in the exploitation of natural resources. These companies are therefore at the heart of this competition between China and the Western powers, as part of their activities (arms transfers) is expected to offset the destabilization caused by the other party (the exploitation of natural resources)
Nkem, Abonta Enyinna. "Un modèle macro-économétrique pour la planification de l'économie du Nigéria : de la modélisation à la recherche d'une stratégie de développement de moyen terme." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090027.
Full textIn order to gain a better understanding of the functioning of the Nigerian economy we have conceived and built a macro econometric model for the economy. We also used the model to explore quantitatively alternative development strategies. Before the specification, estimation and simulation stages of the modeling process we did present a survey of the economy to be modeled and did review economic policies and development strategies pursued. Also, a critical analysis of existing Nigerian models was presented. In elaborating the architecture of the model we have sought to eliminate theoretical incoherencies identified in existing models between the production, investment and employment blocks. We also endeavored to incorporate the external debt mechanism, the determination of prices and wages and the relations between agriculture and the modern sector. The model distinguishes between sectors that are demand - driven and those that are supply-constrained and adopts formulations that are consistent with this dichotomization. The solved version of the model contains 301 equations of which 75 are behavioral (econometric)
Bou, Nafeh Nathalie. "Le rôle de l'image de marque en politique : étude de l'influence de l'image du leader politique sur l'attitude envers celui-ci et sur l'intention de vote pour son parti." Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0018/document.
Full textDuring the last two decades, many studies emphasize the importance of the role played by the politician, including the effect of his personality, in determining the voting behavior. In this thesis, we emphasize the role of the political leader in parliamentary democracies beyond the influence of the classical determinants of the vote, such as: party identification of voters and adherence to the policies advocated by the party. More recently, the brand concept was introduced to the political field and applied to political leaders to take into account non-rational determinants of voting, such as those related to personal characteristics of the leader or the feelings towards him. However, measures of this concept are often limited and do not reflect all desired aspects. A review of political science literature on explanatory models of the vote and another in marketing on brand equity and the influence of brand image on the choice allowed us to better position the political leader in these models through exploring the content of the latter's image. The main objective of this thesis is to propose a model displaying the various determinants of voting, having the leader's image at the center of this model. To achieve this, the second objective is to develop a scale for measuring the political leader's image based on the brand image measures. Based on the semantic network theory developed in cognitive psychology, we explore the content of the political leader's image and identify four dimensions of this image: the ability of the political leader to solve the problems of the country, the ability of the political leader internationally, the ability of the leader to steer his party and the reputation of the political leader in his private life. The dimensions above have an effect on both the attitude towards the political leader and the voting intention for his party. This effect is assumed to be moderated by the political expertise of the voter. The relationship between these dimensions, the voting intention and other variables in the model (party identification, preference for the policies advocated by the party, attitude towards the political leader and the political expertise of the voter) involves 20 research hypothesis which 10 are confirmed by the empirical study. This research provides a better understanding of voting behavior in parliamentary elections through the concept of branding applied to the political leader. Moreover, it also offers new perspectives on a more comprehensive measure of the brand image and its effects in politics
Ashraf, Naeem. "Social and strategic dynamics of carbon market actors' behaviors." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1067.
Full textThe main objectives of the dissertation are to explore social and strategic motivations and consequences, and to model and disentangle relational and rational-instrumental mechanisms of carbon market strategies of organizations. To achieve these objectives, three empirical studies were conducted in the context of carbon market that operates under the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). The first inductive case study based exploratory research was carried out in a developing country. Findings suggest that institutional and competitive concerns motivate carbon market strategy of organizations. Treating social influence as operating through relational structure, the next two papers then analyze dynamics of organization’s behavior and its relational network. Results suggest that in the CDM market, firm’s network embeddedness, and centrality affect firms’ behaviors. However, while controlling for certain actor level and relational-structural contingencies, network and behavior co-evolutionary dynamics suggest that firm’s instrumental motivations are more pronounced in influencing the behavior of firms. This dissertation contributes to the climate strategy literature by explicating the social and strategic dynamics of behavior, and network structural characteristics, of the carbon market actors
Lajavardi, Laure. "Nouvelle stratégie thérapeutique des uvéites par l'administration intraoculaire d'un peptide immunomodulateur, le vasoactive intestinal peptide, dans des liposomes." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA114820.
Full textUveitis is a severe ocular inflammation, currently treated by corticotherapy or immunosuppression. A new therapeutic strategy was developed in this thesis: the intravitreal injection of an endogenous immunosuppressive molecule of the eye, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) formulated as liposomes. A single intravitreal injection of VIP, encapsulated in liposomes, reduces ocular inflammation in two rat models, endotoxin-induced uveitis and experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Liposomes, injected in normal or inflamed eyes, disperse rapidly from the vitreous to other ocular tissues. They egress from the eye by venous circulation and lymphatic vessels. They can be internalized by ocular inflammatory of resident cells. A new retention system of VIP-loaded liposomes in the eye was developed. A gel-based formulation composed of hyaluronic acid, a natural component of the vitreous, is able to modify the fate of the liposomes, leading to a delayed effect on endotoxin-induced uveitis
Izquierdo, Eleonore. "Caractérisation des effets de la chaleur sur des cuirs de tannage végétal et développement d’une stratégie de restauration par voie enzymatique." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0780/document.
Full textHeat, induced by fire, is particularly devastating for cultural heritage objects as it causes the destruction of all or part of these witnesses of the past. In this study, we focused on leather, a material largely present in heritage collections. Until now, no restoration method has been developed to treat the damaging effects of heat.The first aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of dry heat on leather samples through a systematic characterization. Model samples from a calf skin vegetable tanned in known conditions were used and the consequences of heat exposure was characterized at different structural scales using a range of physical, chemical and biochemical methods.Besides the visible browning and shrinkage of leather, heat induces many changes including a loss of mass, the melt of the crystalline regions, an increase in both hydrophobicity and rigidity. Some of these changes result from the protein aggregation induced by exposure to heat and evidenced by our research.Our second goal was to develop an innovative restoration method based on the use of biological molecules in order to respect the nature of the object. Enzymes such as proteases, able to hydrolyze protein aggregates, were used. One of the challenges was to provide the water necessary for the enzyme activity without wetting the leather surface in order to avoid further damage of the leather. Several enzyme supports were tested. The use of an enzymatic emulsion reveals neither darkening nor retraction and in some cases a flexibility gain is observed. Encouraging results were also obtained in the case of an ancient book cover made from calfskin and dated from the nineteenth century. Additional measurements lead to attribute its effect mainly to the emulsion itself, however longer-term measurements appear to show a positive effect of the enzyme on the flexibility gain. Although further characterizations on the long term are required, the treatment may constitute a new support for leather bio-restoration.Keywords: leather – thermal denaturation – protein aggregation – bio-restoration - proteases
Smati, Abdelbaki. "Problème d'orientation et de développement de l'agriculture algérienne : essai d'analyse dans le cadre de la stratégie globale de développement." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR1D308.
Full textChaar, Abdel-maoula. "La structuration des stratégies au sein de champs en voie d’institutionnalisation : Le cas des banques islamiques au Liban." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0048/document.
Full textHow does the institutional context impact the formation of strategies? This PhD thesis tries to answer this question using an interpretative research design while utilizing Islamic finance as a field of study. It analyzes the methods used by Lebanese Islamic banks to set up and implement their strategies locally and abroad. The thesis reveals that the field of Islamic finance is still in a pre-institutionalization phase. It uncovers the parameters of three possible institutionalization paths according to the importance given to technical, religious or socioeconomic factors as well as the way the banks define their relationship to conventional finance. By choosing one of these options, Lebanese Islamic banks opt for a specific cognitive framework that influences their strategies and organizational behavior altogether. In turn, these firms also contribute to the diffusion of the principles underlying their choice and therefore, indirectly, to their institutionalization. Hence, instead of being just an arena for a traditional inter-firm competitive war, Islamic finance becomes the ground of a symbolic struggle that opposes the different potential futures of the field, and one that will shape the final form of the industry and its relationship with conventional finance
Clouet, Elodie. "Intégration des modèles in vitro dans la stratégie d'évaluation de la sensibilisation cutanée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS003/document.
Full textAbstract : Since the animal testing ban in 2013 by Cosmetics Regulation n°1223/2009, various in vitro methods have been developed. However, according to a scientific consensus, no single method can stand-alone to cover the different key events (KE) defined for skin sensitization.After a state of the art of alternative methods relating to skin sensitization, we selected and compared 3 tests to determine the best strategy to follow. In order to propose a new integrated test, we wanted to address all KE within the same cell line. Because dendritic cell (DC) plays a key role in the development of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), we have chosen the pro-monocytic human line THP-1. We have studied as initial events (KE1), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH), Nrf2-Keap1 pathway (central detoxification pathway) and gene expression for KE2 as well as phenotypic modifications for KE3.We have shown that strong allergens are correlated with early production of FRO associated with GSH reduction. They also activate the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and induce the expression of CD54 and CD86 cell surface markers as well as production of specific cytokines (IL-8, IL-18, etc.).To conclude, this work propose a new assay integrating all the biological measures as different KEs within the same cell
Michel, Marie. "Développement d'une nouvelle stratégie vaccinale bivalente anti-VIH-1 et anti-VHB dans les plantes transgéniques." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D008.
Full textA fusion protein formed by an HIV-1 polyepitope restricted to the HLA*A2. 01 allele combined to HBV HBsAg has been optimized to obtain virus like particles (VLP) production in vitro and in vivo. An expression plasmid of the fusion protein has been used for DNA vaccination of humanized transgenic mice. This immunization induced gamma interferon-producing CD8+ T cells and anti-HIV-1 cytotoxic T lymphocytes as well as anti-VHB antibody production. The new developments in plant biotechnology allowed the production in plant of vaccines against HBV that can be administrated by ingestion. In order to experiment this strategy for HIV-1, the fusion protein gene has been inserted into the genome of Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. We were able to show the stable expression of VLP in these plants. Finally, the analysis of the first generation of tobacco-plants obtained by sexual reproduction showed the conservation of the fusion protein gene as well as the VLP production
Hassainya, Yousra. "Identification d'épitopes T-CD8+ HLA-A2 restreints issus de la proinsuline par une stratégie d'immunologie inverse, et évidences pour une nouvelle voie d'apprêtage cytoplasmique." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N05S.
Full textType I diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by specific destruction of beta cells of patients pancreas ' Langerhans islets. CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells are the major implicated cells. A lot of studies were reported concerning CD4 T cells. Inversaly only few studies were focalized on CD8 T cells despites some concluding reports. Therefore we decided, to study this CD8 T cells compartment by applying a reverse immunology strategy combining in vitro digestions of the proinsulin by the proteasome, using of two algorithms to predict affinity for HLA-A2 molecules and in vitro measuring of these affinities for selected peptides. We have identified six proinsulin epitopes HLA-A2 restricted. Moreover, interesting resuts allows us to study a more global question concerning proinsulin degradation and we have identified a new cytoplasmic processing pathway for class I epitopes
Chaar, Abdel-maoula. "La structuration des stratégies au sein de champs en voie d'institutionnalisation : Le cas des banques islamiques au Liban." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709867.
Full textDumalanede, Constance. "Un management stratégique dédié à la prestation de services de santé primaires aux plus démunis des régions en développement : un business model Bottom the Pyramid (BoP) et son système propositionnel." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2103.
Full textThis doctoral thesis highlights a key global challenge that has received little attention in the management science literature: the accessibility of primary health care services for low-income populations.The challenge of accessibility seen in the Bottom of the Pyramid strategies and the professional characteristics of health services complicate the issue for organisations. With a recommendatory purpose, this research aims to introduce strategies that non-profit and forprofit organisations could implement to create business models that address these challenges and improve low-income populations’ well-being.To achieve this, we conducted a qualitative research based on a multiple case study of four organisations based in Brazil and South Africa. They all share the same objective of delivering primary health services to the poorest population centres, but they have each developed a different business model to achieve this. This divergence has the advantage of creating a mutualenrichment of practices useful in the design of our research product: a BoP business model dedicated to the delivery of primary health care services.The comparison of our empirical study with our conceptual study highlights the need for organisations to develop strong and regular interactions with local actors. It aims to improve the organisation’s acceptance and local embeddedness through inclusive practices. Once rooted in the community, the organisation can rely on its local ecosystem, to promote access to healthservices for low-income populations while creating social and economic value for the entire ecosystem. Based on our results, we suggest key elements that organisations could integrate into their business model in order to provide inclusive health care services to low-income populations
Betton, Clélia. "Nouvelle stratégie d'extraction et de purification de l'hydrazine N2H4 de grade spatial via le procédé Raschig : synthèse, modélisations cinétiques, équilibres entre phases et schémas de procédé." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10366/document.
Full textThis work, funded by the CIBLE-Rhône-Alpes Region, in partnership with the HERAKLES-SAFRAN group, aims to develop a new method for extracting and purifying hydrazine N2H4, for space applications. This monopropellant must be of very high purity, with an upper mass composition of 99.5% hydrazine and a carbon content of less than 30 ppm.The first part of this study allowed us to identify the reactions of formation and degradation to establish a global kinetic model and determine the guiding parameters of synthesis. Knowledge of the compositions of reaction liquors function of operating conditions of the synthesis, has allowed us to position, on leaving the reactor, the overall mixing point in the diagrams of ternary and quaternary phases in order to define the optimum extraction conditions.The second part concerns the detailed thermodynamic study of the new method of extraction, which is, not to extract excess ammonia from the reaction mixture but maintain the in situ to extract the hydrazine in the liquid phase separation -liquid by solvent effect. The aim ultimately is to get a virtually anhydrous ammonia phase so as to eliminate multiple distillations and complex extraction and purification encountered in the traditional process. This new strategy is based on the existence of a miscibility gap in the liquid state, in the H2O-NH3-H2O-NaOH ternary system and N2H4-NH3-NaOH quaternary system at a pressure of between 15 and 20 bar.The last part deals with the process engineering component. The operation of kinetic model and phase diagrams involved allowed us to determine the optimum conditions of synthesis and isolation, to calculate the composition of the material flow at the end of each unit operation and compare them with previous industrial processes . The process diagrams for each option have been prepared and analyzed at cost, safety and specifications obtained useful product
Soulé-Kohndou, Folashadé Ayodélé. "Les "clubs" de puissances "émergentes", fonctions objectives et usages stratégiques : le cas du forum de dialogue IBAS (Inde-Brésil-Afrique du Sud)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IEPP0026.
Full textWhat are the incentives of cooperation in rising powers groupings ? What are the underpinnings of club diplomacy by rising powers ? Through the case study of the India-Brazil-South Africa(IBSA) forum, this thesis explores the concept of ‘emergence’ in international relations – described here as a social construction – and the proliferation of selective clubs between emerging/rising powers as an expression of the rise of these powers. Following a pluri-disciplinary approach and mobilizing the sociology of collective action, this thesis defends that IBSA’s objective functions (political coordination, promotion and increase of south-south cooperation) obey to strategic aims (legitimization, autonomization, socialization) in order to further their international integration. The growing tendency of collective action through selective clubs in the South acts as a means for social differentiation between rising powers groupings and traditional developing countries groupings like the Non-Aligned Movement and the G77 although they often defend similar positons. However rising powers clubs ‘collective action does not necessarily result in sustainable integration of these emerging powers by established powers in global governance decision-making process ; but they cast light on the evolving institutional dynamics and institutional adaptation on the global level
Hyrailles, Valérie. "La biopsie hépatique par voie transjugulaire chez les malades ayant un déficit constitutionnel de la coagulation et une hépatopathie chronique virale C : évaluation de la faisabilité, du risque de complications et intérêt pour la stratégie thérapeutique." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11133.
Full textPinot, de Villechenon Florence. "Des représentations à la mise en oeuvre d'une stratégie de coopération avec un pays en voie de développement : le cas de la coopération française et européenne avec l'Argentine de 1985 à nos jours." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070060.
Full textThis research concerns international cooperation strategies implemented by France and the EU with an emerging country such as Argentine. The following issues are examined : the evolution of cooperation as a concept, the increase in the number of players as well as the emergence of non-traditional players from the private sector and civilian groups, the expansion and segmentation of cooperation at different levels -subnational and supra-national-, the interweaving of bilateral and EU decision-making bodies and strategies, the sign of a supranational integration process. Different types of players and strategic motives are examined as well as the process which leads to the conception of a coherent cooperation strategy where the expectations of the concerned parties converge. The analyses are based on the observation of three areas - territorial cooperation, university cooperation and business cooperation. - and on the study of the relevancy of decentralised cooperation instruments
Bokilo, Julien. "La stratégie de l'enracinement et ses conséquences sur le développement en Afrique, le cas de la Chine au Congo." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0111.
Full textThe transition, from an economic system based on autarky and central planning to a market system, has turned China into a communist country capitalism oriented, in which coexist billionaires and hundreds of thousands of laborers. To run this massive economic engine, China has developed and deployed a local implementation strategy in the African continent (as it provides access to raw materials) and has introduced this new collaboration as equally beneficial for each partner, in the words "win-win". The following report proposes to analyze the relevance of this economic exchange in the context of South-South asymmetric cooperation, bringing special focus on the case of Congo - Brazzaville since 1964. The ambition of this study is, on the one hand, to help the leaders of developing countries to improve their economic cooperation with developed or emerging countries and, on the other hand, to contribute to the debate on asymmetric exchange and its dynamics in economic cooperation between rich and poor countries. The challenge is to demonstrate the asymmetrical nature of trade between China and Africa and, particularly in the case of Congo, to point out the discriminating factor of the exchange: the lack of technology transfer and service clauses in most of the agreements and contracts signed between the Congo and China - while China imposes these specific clauses in the contracts signed with deve10ped countries, as in the purchase of Airbus aircraft. We will strive to understand how the transfer of technology influence the cooperation between the countries, bearing in mind that in the era of globalization, technology should play a major role in economic exchange
Zinoune, Mohamed. "Les analyses du cycle politico-économique : essai d'application à la France et au Maroc." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10021.
Full textThe political economic cycle entends to analyze how the state of the economy influences on the electors’ preferences, that is to say their way of appreciating the political parties and in the same way how does the government influence on the state of economy. The confirmation of this hypothesis goes through the finding of models of the political economic cycle, which emphasizes on the interdependence of the economic and political sectors. Some statistical tests are carried out French and Moroccan experiences during the last twenty-five years
Mbih, Boniface. "Essai sur la manipulation des procédures de choix collectif." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN0509.
Full textOne important problem relating to preference aggregation is the possibility of strategic behaviour. The fundamental result obtained in the early seventies by Gibbard and Satterthwaite establishes that any non dictatorial collective choice procedure selecting a unique outcome is subject to individual manipulation. This result relies on the concept of nash equilibrium. In this work other equilibrium concepts are studied, e. G. The admissible-strategy equilibrium concept (which is more realistic in the context of noncooperative games) and a combination of the concepts of exact equilibrium and nash admissible equilibrium ; results similar to Gibbard-Satterthwaite's are obtained. Evaluation of the proportions of strategic voting opportunities is then explored, for a specific procedure, the plurality rule. For several concepts of equilibrium formulas allowing to obtain exact values with respect to the number of individuals in the society are provided. This is done both in the cases of noncooperative and cooperative games
Dakouo, Alain Bessiba. "La problématique de l'information territoriale et ses enjeux majeurs dans les pays du Sud : stratégie, méthodologie et projet pilote dans un pays en développement, le Mali." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC007/document.
Full textIn Africa, decentralization takes place in contexts that vary from country to country: the need to reform the Government following a crisis, the desire to establish local democracy to compensate for central or even dictatorial power, sometimes even the Government 's inability to provide basic socio-economic services such as health, education, drinking water, etc.In West Africa, decentralization was often accompanied by a redrawing of territories in the 1990s. Most West African countries have created three levels of local authorities: the Region, the Department (Cercle in Mali) and the Commune. This leads to a need for territory management and planning on several scales (inventory, monitoring of the environmental impact of development, sanitation, natural resource management, rural economic development, health, education, hydraulics and risk management). In the context of a growing need for information, development partners recognize the usefulness of the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool for decision making. The creation of different ministries in connection with geographic information in Mali requires pooling of skills centered on geomatics. Indeed, while each Institution and sectoral ministry has its own thematic data, their valuation is hampered by a high dispersion and disparity of geographical and cartographic data.How to share a common geospatial and territorial system across a town hall, a local authority, an NGO, the Government as well as other partners working on the same territorial? What territorial information strategy for a country like Mali?The aim of this thesis is to create, according to the concepts, methods, and technologies of current geography and statistics, a tool to support decision making in a context of overlapping responsibilities/actions and decentralization, designed to take a decisive step forward for the benefit of local territorial planning, by making coherent and available the geolocalized data necessary for an effective spatial planning policy. This strategic perspective implies going back to the distribution of powers, the ratio between free and paid software, participative information (societal, social, ethnic aspects, etc.) and the development of geographical information in Mali.An information strategy is in fact an essential prerequisite for any planning and development strategy. This thesis is an innovative project that will aim to provide answers on the implementation of such a strategy of multi-source and multi-stakeholder spatial information management in a developing country
Mazé, Dominique. "Déploiement de la stratégie des groupes chinois dans les pays émergents et en développement : analyse contextuelle et culturelle. Comment les fleurons chinois s'emparent de territoires et préemptent le long terme." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0080/document.
Full textThe rising power of industrial firms and conglomerates from Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, shakes up the agendas of many global companies and opens the door to further academic research. We argue that it challenges the sustainability of the multinational corporations of Anglo-Saxon inspiration. The Periphery of the global economy composed of emerging and developing countries is likely to shift to the Center in the mid- and long-term. Both Chinese State and private enterprises are reshuffling the cards within and outside the Periphery to gain and, ultimately, preserve a strong leadership in the next 50-100 years. Empirical studies dedicated to emerging market multinationals (EMMs) have failed to create a new theory so far, thus providing material for the advocates of evolutionism. Dunning, Kim and Park (2008) viewed the internationalization of EMMs as the contemporary version of the patterns implemented by developed country multinationals in the late 1970s. According to these authors, the strategies of EMMs, and their execution in the host countries, are “an old wine in new bottles”. The content is similar; only the container is different. Our research aims at decoding the strategic, transactional, and operational dynamics at stake in the maneuver warfare waged by Chinese multinational companies in emerging and developing economies. Our five empirical studies strived to shed a new light on how Chinese multinationals conquer new territories, on how they dismantle invincible positions held by historic players, and on how they preempt the long term in countries of the Periphery. Our survey demonstrates that they leverage an unrivalled collection of specific levers and assets that help them wage the war (war-fighting capabilities) and conquer global leadership positions (war-winning capabilities). Unlike the evolutionist trend, we found out that the Chinese expansion strategies and footprint are unique. They are driven by China’s existential questions (critical masses of resources) and long history. The case studies show that the institutional preemption of the flawed, moth-eaten governance of the host countries, skillfully orchestrated by the Chinese State, is the favorite mode of entry of the Chinese dragons in emerging and developing countries. They also show that the latter invest heavily in voids of all natures (1), and that they deploy liquid strategies named ‘water strategies’ as opposed to ‘stone strategies’ (2). Facing water strategies, the ‘stone strategies’ of Western multinationals appear vulnerable. Our research makes it clear that water wins over the stone. Our findings rehabilitate the role of culture in the field of international strategy, and lead to a new theoretical paradigm: IFLC (Institutionalize – Fill – Leverage – Combine). The IFLC model could pave the way to brand new agendas and practices in strategic management
Cheillan, Hervé. "Analyse et conceptualisation des stratégies BoP par le prisme des performances économique et sociale : du sondage de cas aux tests empiriques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2010/document.
Full textThe so called « BoP » (for Bottom/Base of the Pyramid) strategies of companies involve products/services creation at the base of the economic pyramid that is 4 billion people living on less than 9$/day. Researchers and professionals express interest in this type of strategy but point out the difficulty of simultaneously obtaining economic performance (for the firm) and social performance (for the BoP market). Our doctoral research is in line with the following research questions: "What are the determinants of economic and social performance of BoP strategies? Does the relationship exist between these types of performance? To answer it, a three phase methodological design has been developed: (I) a case survey method based on 77 observations of BoP strategies, (II) a quantitative empirical study based on 316 professionals, (III) a discussion on results for a theoretical proposition called white ocean. The results show: to achieve the economic and social performances, the company must, (1) have economic and social motivations, (2) acquire and accumulate knowledge in the field, (3) adapt price, communications, product/service but not distribution methods/channels, (4) make social alliances and (5) limit the influence of the institutions, local stakeholders and shareholders
Maillard-Bjedov, Tjaša. "Three essays in public economics : fiscal decentralization, coordination and secessions." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO22005.
Full textThis PhD thesis falls within the fields of public finance and public choice. It studies the following issues: ideological polarization, decentralization and conflict. It consists of three chapters can be read independently. In the first chapter the focus is on the importance of ideological polarization between but also within political parties on the level and composition of cantonal public spending. The analysis is on Swiss cantonal parliaments and is based on the use and econometric treatment of a very rich database. We made two contributions to the literature on the impact of political fragmentation on public spending. First, we showed that ideological dispersion within political parties is associated with higher public spending while the dispersion between political parties is associated with less public spending. This finding implies that the mode of organization and discipline within political parties are both important. This result is particularly interesting given that previous literature has completely abstracted from ideological dispersion within political parties. Lastly, we showed that ideological dispersion between and within political parties is mainly relevant for current expenditures. The second chapter focuses on the conflict of objectives that may exist between economic agents in a two-stage game with asymmetric payoffs. The literature showed that coordination failures are frequent in one-stage games and that communication can help individuals coordinate with the use of take turn strategies that allow for a reduction in the payoffs’ inequality in the long run. Our contribution was to study whether communication has the same capacity in a two-stage game where the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium requires both players to make opposite choices at both stages of the game and accept unequal payoffs. Our results show that coordination failures occur half of the time and that 18% of the pairs use the take turn strategy. Communication significantly increases coordination on the subgame perfect Nash equi librium because it increases the ability of subjects to initiate a take turn strategy and to maintain it. Thus, communication allows subjects to establish a long-term strategy that increases efficiency and reduces payments differences, induced by the asymmetry in payoffs, by exchanging their relative positions in a fair way. Our results show that communication can solve coordination conflicts, even in more complex situations than in one-stage games usually studied until now. The last chapter focuses on a particular type of conflict: political secessions. Specifically, it addresses the link between secessions, decentralization and group identity. We aim at determining, by means of a laboratory experiment, if decentralizing the provision of public goods reduces the likelihood of secession. We emphasize the importance of local identity. Our experimental design, obviously, do not reproduce all the trade-offs that separatist movements face in the real world. It allows, however, capturing at least two key forces that drive these movements: the proximity to public goods that reduces the phenomena of free-riding and brings public goods closer to citizens’ preferences and the importance of local identities. Our results indicate that the Decentralization treatment increases contributions to local public goods and decreases the likelihood of secessions also when identity is made more salient. If fact, reinforcing local group identity increases the likelihood of secession only when local group members are cooperators
Mendia, Twardowsky Bianca. "Le droit français des OPA - un modèle pour le droit brésilien ?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB237.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyse the French experience and the Brazilian legal environment concerning the defense strategies against hostile corporate takeovers aimed at taking control over public companies. Through the analysis of the French legal system of the anti-takeover strategies, the Brazilian system will be able to acquire this experience and find the best legal approach for Brazilian public companies with dispersed ownership. The importance of this theme is the result of the ownership dispersion following the first IPOs in the current Brazilian securities exchange market, which provides the ideal scenario for taking control of these publicly-traded companies, as well as the changes and the evolution in the French legal environment
Labbé, St-Vincent Simon. "Élections expérimentales : la désertion stratégique et la participation sous différents modes de scrutin." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8373.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the relationship between the electoral system and two important behaviors of civic life: participation in an election and the strategic desertion of the preferred candidate. These topics are addressed in very important books in political science. From theory (Duverger, 1954; Downs, 1957) to empirical research using surveys (Abramson, 2010; Blais, 2010), various methodologies have been used to better explain voter's choices. My contribution to knowledge is the use of experimental methods to better understand both similarities and differences in voter behavior under the plurality system (PLU) and the proportional representation (PR) system and the individual level mechanisms that produce these similarities and differences. The core of the thesis consists of three articles summarized below: Article 1. Experimental elections conducted in Montreal, Paris and Brussels estimate the direct influence of the voting system on the voters' decision whether to vote or not, and vote for their preferred party or another party. In all, 16 groups of 21 voters take part in elections under different electoral systems. The systems are simple plurality and proportional representation. Preferences are randomly assigned and known by all participants. Our results indicate that voting is globally not more sincere and that voter turnout is not higher under the proportional system. However, we observe less desertion of small parties under the proportional system. Article 2. We perform a laboratory experiment to explain why voters sometimes vote for a party other than the preferred one. The main conclusion of the paper is that in addition to voter preferences, perceptions of winning chances and belief in the possibility of affecting the outcome are key factors in the voter’s decision to vote sincerely or not. When they desert their first choice, voters consider their preferences and the viability of the alternatives. Voters who like to take risks are more prone to desert. Article 3. This paper examines the decision to vote or not in experimental elections. We replicate the important findings of Duffy and Tavits (2008) with a different design. Our results support their finding, that is, turnout is affected by the belief that one's vote counts and overestimation of the probability that one's vote counts does not decrease completely over time. Going beyond previous research, we also find that turnout is not higher under a proportional system than under a plurality system, and beliefs about being in a pivotal disposition have a greater impact on turnout among the risk averse.
Daoust, Jean-François. "Le citoyen et sa circonscription." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21149.
Full textNajim, Hicham. "L’efficacité de la gestion des ressources humaines des pays en voie de développement : une étude empirique." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22237.
Full textTambutet, Guillaume. "Synthèse stéréosélective de centres tertiaires et quaternaires par voie radicalaire et leur application à la synthèse d’analogues de nucléosides et de polypropionate." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20962.
Full textLavigne, Mathieu. "Micro-ciblage et polarisation partisane lors de l'élection canadienne de 2015." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21325.
Full textMontpetit, Véronique. "Les stratégies visant à améliorer l’acceptabilité des voies de contournement dans les petites municipalités du Québec : le cas de quatre municipalités le long de la route 117 dans la région des Laurentides." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10854.
Full textThis research explores the different strategies currently put into place to minimize the negative effects of the implementation of bypass routes on the small cities of the province of Québec. An assessment of the different strategies used was done by reviewing literature and municipal documentation, as well as reviewing case studies by analysing field reports and maintenance reports of four (4) municipalities. The planning strategies elaborated are essentially aimed at the configuration of city entrance lanes, the utilisation of road signs and the programs of revitalisation of urban areas. The main element that can be observed is that in order to have a good social acceptation of bypass routes, there has to be a good dialogue between the different parties involved, and that for the entire duration of the road works. Also, in order for the strategies to concord with the economic and cultural realities of the municipalities, the amount of time elapsed between the beginning of the project and the actual implementation of the relief route has to be reasonable. This research overlooks the strategies planned for municipalities that are located in the Laurentides region alongside national road 117 and that are accessible via a bypass route. More specifically, this case study focuses on the cities of Mont-Tremblant (Saint-Jovite aera) , La Conception, Labelle and Rivière-Rouge.