Relevant bibliographies by topics / Leaching of nutrients

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Academic literature on the topic 'Leaching of nutrients'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Leaching of nutrients"

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Zhu, H., R. H. Zondag, J. Merrick, T. Demaline, and C. R. Krause. "Nutrient Leaching from Container-Grown Ornamental Tree Production." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-33.2.76.

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Economical production of marketable container-grown ornamental shade trees with minimum amounts of nutrients in leachate requires careful management of fertilizer applications during a growing season. Sixteen fertilizer treatments were evaluated for their nutrient leaching potential in container-grown ‘Red Sunset’ red maple (Acer rubrum L.) production in a commercial nursery. Tests were conducted at two sites that were irrigated with either city or recycled pond water. Two slow-release granular fertilizers (18-5-12 and 12-0-42) were applied separately or together, by incorporation, top-dressed, or both, to trees grown in #7 containers and placed above or below ground. Trees irrigated with pond water also received supplemental liquid nutrients throughout the growing season along with nitric and phosphoric acids. Compared to either top-dressed or incorporation of fertilizer, incorporation of fertilizer combined with top-dressing doubled the amounts of nutrients applied but did not increase tree growth and caused greater nutrient leaching through the container substrate. Adding nitric and phosphoric acids to the supplemental liquid nutrients had little effect on lowering pH of the container substrate to the desired level. Trees irrigated with pond water had greater caliper growth than trees irrigated with city water, but this practice caused greater nutrient loss through the leachate and required additional nutrient inputs and labor throughout the growing season. Among the 16 fertilizer practices, the top-dressed fertilizer applications in the above- and below-ground containers were the most efficient method to produce fast tree growth with low nutrient leaching.
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Asghari, Hamid Reza, and Timothy Richard Cavagnaro. "Arbuscular mycorrhizas enhance plant interception of leached nutrients." Functional Plant Biology 38, no. 3 (2011): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10180.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plant growth and nutrition. However, their capacity to reduce the leaching of nutrients through the soil profile is less well understood. Here we present results of an experiment in which the effects of forming arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) on plant growth and nutrition, nutrient depletion from soil, and nutrient leaching, were investigated in microcosms containing the grass Phalaris aquatica L. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were grown in a mixture of riparian soil and sand under glasshouse conditions. The formation of AM by P. aquatica significantly increased plant growth and nutrient uptake. Lower levels of NO3–, NH4+ and plant available P in both soil and leachate were observed in columns containing mycorrhizal root systems. These differences in nutrient interception were proportionally greater than the increase in root biomass of the mycorrhizal plants, compared with their non-mycorrhizal counterparts. Taken together, these data indicate that mycorrhizal root systems have an important, but previously little considered, role to play reducing the net loss of nutrients via leaching.
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Kuo, Yu-Lin, Chia-Hisng Lee, and Shih-Hao Jien. "Reduction of Nutrient Leaching Potential in Coarse-Textured Soil by Using Biochar." Water 12, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12072012.

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Background: Loss of nutrients and organic carbon (OC) through leaching or erosion may degrade soil and water quality, which in turn could lead to food insecurity. Adding biochar to soil can effectively improve soil stability, therefore, evaluating the effects of biochar on OC and nutrient retention and leaching is critical. Methods: We conducted a 42-day column leaching experiment by using sandy loam soil samples mixed with 2% of biochar pyrolyzed from Honduran mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) wood sawdust at 300 °C (WB300) and 600 °C (WB600) and a control sample. Leaching was achieved by flushing the soil column on day 4 and every week during the 42-day experiment and adding a water volume for each flushing equivalent to the field water capacity. Results: Biochar application increased the final soil pH and OC, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, available P concentrations but not exchangeable K concentrations. In particular, WB600 exhibited superior performance in alleviating soil acidification; WB300 engendered high NO3−-N concentrations. Biochar application effectively retained water in soil and inhibited the leaching of the aforementioned nutrients and dissolved OC. WB300 reduced NH4+-N and K leaching by 30%, and WB600 reduced P leaching by 68%. Conclusions: Biochar application can improve nutrient retention and reduce the leaching potential of soils and connected water bodies.
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Gronwald, M., A. Don, B. Tiemeyer, and M. Helfrich. "Effects of fresh and aged chars from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization on nutrient sorption in agricultural soils." SOIL 1, no. 1 (June 18, 2015): 475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-1-475-2015.

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Abstract. Leaching of nutrients from agricultural soils causes major environmental problems that may be reduced with amendments of chars derived from pyrolysis (pyrochars) or hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochars). Chars are characterized by a high adsorption capacity – i.e. they may retain nutrients such as nitrate and ammonium. However, the physicochemical properties of the chars and hence their sorption capacity likely depend on feedstock and the production process. We investigated the nutrient retention capacity of pyrochars and hydrochars from three different feedstocks (digestates, Miscanthus, woodchips) mixed into different soil substrates (sandy loam and silty loam). Moreover, we investigated the influence of char degradation on its nutrient retention capacity using a 7-month in situ field incubation of pyrochar and hydrochar mixed into soils at three different field sites. Pyrochars showed the highest ability to retain nitrate, ammonium and phosphate, with pyrochar from woodchips being particularly efficient in nitrate adsorption. Ammonium adsorption of pyrochars was controlled by the soil type of the soil–char mixture. We found some ammonium retention on sandy soils, but no pyrochar effect or even ammonium leaching from the loamy soil. The phosphate retention capacity of pyrochars strongly depended on the pyrochar feedstock with large phosphate leaching from digestate-derived pyrochar and some adsorption capacity from woodchip-derived pyrochar. Application of hydrochars to agricultural soils caused small, and often not significant, effects on nutrient retention. In contrast, some hydrochars did increase the leaching of nutrients compared to the non-amended control soil. We found a surprisingly rapid loss of the chars' adsorption capacity after field application of the chars. For all sites and for hydrochar and pyrochar, the adsorption capacity was reduced by 60–80 % to less or no nitrate and ammonium adsorption. Thus, our results cast doubt on the efficiency of char applications to temperate zone soils to minimize nutrient losses via leaching.
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Gronwald, M., A. Don, B. Tiemeyer, and M. Helfrich. "Effects of fresh and aged biochars from pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization on nutrient sorption in agricultural soils." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 1 (January 14, 2015): 29–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-29-2015.

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Abstract. Leaching of nutrients from agricultural soils causes major environmental problems that may be reduced with biochar amendments to the soils. Biochars are characterised by a high adsorption capacity, i.e., they may retain nutrients such nitrate and ammonium. However, biochar properties strongly depend on feedstock and the production process. We investigated the nutrient retention capacity of biochars derived from pyrolysis (pyrochar) as well as from hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochar; produced at 200 and 250 °C) from three different feedstocks (digestates, Miscanthus, woodchips) mixed into different soil substrates (sandy loam and silty loam). Moreover, we investigated the influence of biochar degradation on its nutrient retention capacity using a seven-month in-situ field incubation of pyrochar and hydrochar. Pyrochars showed the highest ability to retain nitrate, ammonium and phosphate, with pyrochar from woodchips being particularly efficient in nitrate adsorption. Ammonium adsorption of pyrochars was controlled by the soil type of the soil-biochar mixture. We found some ammonium retention on sandy soils, but no pyrochar effect or even ammonium leaching from the loamy soil. The phosphate retention capacity of pyrochars strongly depended on the pyrochar feedstock with large phosphate leaching from digestate-derived pyrochar and some adsorption capacity from woodchip-derived pyrochar. Application of hydrochars to agricultural soils caused small, and often not significant, effects on nutrient retention. In contrast, some hydrochars did increase the leaching of nutrients compared to the non-amended control soil. We found a surprisingly rapid loss of the biochars' adsorption capacity after field application of the biochars. For all sites and for hydrochar and pyrochar, the adsorption capacity was reduced by 60–80% to less or no nitrate and ammonium adsorption. Thus, our results cast doubt on the efficiency of biochar applications to temperate zone soils to minimize nutrient losses via leaching.
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Benmoussa, Mohamed, and Laurent Gauthier. "Modeling Nutrient Uptake and Prolonged Use of Nutrient Solutions in Soilless Tomato Culture." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 761F—761. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.761f.

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In soilless culture, the buffering capacity of the root environment for nutrients is low. This, combined with fluctuations of climatic factors and changes in nutrient uptake rates, can lead to nutrient imbalances. In order to achieve high yield and better quality, it is necessary to keep the nutrient concentrations in the root environment at the target levels. This requires frequent analysis and adjustments to the nutrient solution. Currently, leaching of the growing media or renewal of the nutrient solution is commonly used to avoid accumulation or depletion of nutrient in the root environment. However, this practice lowers the efficiency of fertilizers and can lead to the contamination of the ground water. One way to remedy to this problem is through the use of nutrients uptake models to track the composition of the nutrient solutions. The objective of this study was to develop such models. Such models can be used to maintain balanced nutrient solutions for longer periods. This can lead to reduced leaching and improved fertilizer use efficiency. Macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) uptake models were developed for tomato plants grown in an NFT system using data collected from experiments conducted in the Laval Univ. greenhouses. Analysis of the experimental results showed that the main factors affecting nutrients uptakes are light and transpiration.
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Kardogan, Beyza, Kadir Sekercioglu, and Yusuf Çagatay Erşan. "Compatibility and Biomineralization Oriented Optimization of Nutrient Content in Nitrate-Reducing-Biogranules-Based Microbial Self-Healing Concrete." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 8990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168990.

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Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) can be mentioned among the popular approaches to develop a self-healing concrete. The production of dissolved inorganic carbon through microbial activity is the main precursor for MICP in concrete and it is limited by the bioavailability of the nutrients. When nutrients are added to the mortar as admixtures, their bioavailability becomes more significant for crack repair because nutrients disperse in the mortar and considerable fraction stays far from a single crack. Therefore, the determination of bioavailability of nutrients and its variation with the initial nutrient content and crack age is essential to optimize a recipe for bacteria-based self-healing concrete. This study presents the optimum nutrient content defined for nitrate-reduction-based self-healing bioconcrete. In the tests, calcium nitrate (CN) and calcium formate (CF) were combined with a CF:CN w/w ratio of 2.50. Mortar properties and bioavailability of nutrients were analysed at different nutrient doses. Moreover, the bioavailability of nutrients at different crack ages changing between 3 and 56 days was monitored. Finally, resuscitation, microbial activity and the MICP performance of nitrate reducing biogranules were tested at defined nutrient bioavailabilties. The optimum nutrient content was determined as 7.00% (CF 5.00% and CN 2.00%). The leaching rates of formate ions were twice the leaching rate of the nitrate ions at similar initial concentrations, which led to a bioavailable HCOO−/NO3-N ratio of 23 g/g in cracked mortar. Under optimum nutrient conditions, the CaCO3 precipitation yield of nitrate reducing biogranules was recorded as 1.5 g CaCO3/g HCOO− which corresponded to 68% C precipitation efficiency.
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Dolgov, S. V., and N. I. Koronkevich. "Modern changes of nutrients’ removal into the southern forest zone rivers of Volga basin." Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya, no. 5 (November 2, 2019): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2587-55662019543-55.

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The article analyzes on the example of the Linda river basin, the tributary of the Cheboksary reservoir, contribution of the main elements of its vertical hydrological structure (precipitation, surface and underground runoff, verhovodka runoff) in the formation of nutrients removal from rivers catchments in the southern forest zone of the Russian plain. The removal of nutrients from the Linda river catchment area with various elements of water flow for the year, its high-water and low-water periods was calculated. It is shown that due to the increased role of the changed hydro-climatic conditions, especially due to the increased flow of infiltration origin (underground and verhovodka runoff), the nutrients removal has increased in recent years. Anthropogenic component of nutrient leaching into the Cheboksary reservoir from Linda river catchment was identified. It is reduced in recent decades by the background dispersion in the catchment, diffuse nutrients leaching to surface and underground flow of natural origin.
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Kurniawan, Syahrul, Marife D. Corre, Amanda L. Matson, Hubert Schulte-Bisping, Sri Rahayu Utami, Oliver van Straaten, and Edzo Veldkamp. "Conversion of tropical forests to smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations impacts nutrient leaching losses and nutrient retention efficiency in highly weathered soils." Biogeosciences 15, no. 16 (August 27, 2018): 5131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5131-2018.

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Abstract. Conversion of forest to rubber and oil palm plantations is widespread in Sumatra, Indonesia, and it is largely unknown how such land-use conversion affects nutrient leaching losses. Our study aimed to quantify nutrient leaching and nutrient retention efficiency in the soil after land-use conversion to smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations. In Jambi province, Indonesia, we selected two landscapes on highly weathered Acrisol soils that mainly differed in texture: loam and clay. Within each soil type, we compared two reference land uses, lowland forest and jungle rubber (defined as rubber trees interspersed in secondary forest), with two converted land uses: smallholder rubber and oil palm plantations. Within each soil type, the first three land uses were represented by 4 replicate sites and the oil palm by three sites, totaling 30 sites. We measured leaching losses using suction cup lysimeters sampled biweekly to monthly from February to December 2013. Forests and jungle rubber had low solute concentrations in drainage water, suggesting low internal inputs of rock-derived nutrients and efficient internal cycling of nutrients. These reference land uses on the clay Acrisol soils had lower leaching of dissolved N and base cations (P= 0.01–0.06) and higher N and base cation retention efficiency (P < 0.01–0.07) than those on the loam Acrisols. In the converted land uses, particularly on the loam Acrisol, the fertilized area of oil palm plantations showed higher leaching of dissolved N, organic C, and base cations (P < 0.01–0.08) and lower N and base cation retention efficiency compared to all the other land uses (P < 0.01–0.06). The unfertilized rubber plantations, particularly on the loam Acrisol, showed lower leaching of dissolved P (P=0.08) and organic C (P < 0.01) compared to forest or jungle rubber, reflecting decreases in soil P stocks and C inputs to the soil. Our results suggest that land-use conversion to rubber and oil palm causes disruption of initially efficient nutrient cycling, which decreases nutrient availability. Over time, smallholders will likely be increasingly reliant on fertilization, with the risk of diminishing water quality due to increased nutrient leaching. Thus, there is a need to develop management practices to minimize leaching while sustaining productivity.
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Hoskins, Tyler C., James S. Owen, and Alex X. Niemiera. "Controlled-release Fertilizer Placement Affects the Leaching Pattern of Nutrients from Nursery Containers during Irrigation." HortScience 49, no. 10 (October 2014): 1341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.10.1341.

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Maximizing nutrient use efficiency while minimizing nutrient leaching and non-point source contributions from containerized crop production systems are goals of researchers and growers. These goals have led to irrigation and crop nutrition management practices that reduce fertilizer and irrigation expenditures and reduce the nutrient load into the environment. However, one area that has received little attention, and may lead to the further refinement of crop management practices, is how dissolved nutrients (solutes) move through a substrate while water is being applied during irrigation. A study was conducted to characterize the effect of a controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) placement method on changes in leachate nutrient concentration throughout an irrigation event and to evaluate these changes at different times throughout a production season. A pine bark:sand (9:1, by volume) substrate was placed in 2.7-L nursery containers (fallow) and was treated with topdressed, incorporated, and dibbled CRF or did not receive CRF. The nutrient leaching pattern was evaluated at 3, 9, and 15 weeks after potting (WAP). Leachate nutrient concentration was the highest in the first 50 mL of effluent and steadily diminished as irrigation continued for the topdressed, incorporated, and the no CRF treatments. Effluent nutrient concentration from containers with dibbled CRF generally increased throughout the first 150 mL of effluent, plateaued briefly, and then diminished. The nutrient load that leached with higher volumes of irrigation water was similar between incorporated and dibbled CRF placements. However, the unique nutrient leaching pattern observed with the dibbled CRF placement method allowed for a lower effluent nutrient load when leaching fractions are low. Dibble may be an advantageous CRF placement method that allows for the conservation of expensive fertilizer resources and mitigates non-point source nutrient contributions by reducing undesired nutrient leaching during irrigation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Leaching of nutrients"

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Cretu, Angelica. "Leaching and recharging of nutrients in propagation substrates." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041297.

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Vincent, Amelia A. "Evaluation of Phosphorus Transport and Transformations in GLEAMS 3.0." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33156.

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The overall goal of this research was to improve simulation of soil phosphorus (P) transport and transformations in GLEAMS 3.0, a non-point source model that simulates edge-of-field and bottom-of-root-zone loadings of nutrients from climate-soil-management interactions to assess management alternatives. The objectives of this research were to identify the state of the science for P transport and transformations, determine appropriate relationships for inclusion in GLEAMS, and determine if modifications to GLEAMS improved predictions of P loss in runoff, sediment, and leachate.

The state of the science review revealed numerous equations available to predict dissolved P loss in runoff and leachate from a soilâ s nutrient status. These equations use a single variable to predict P loss and were developed for site-specific conditions based on empirical data. Use of these equations in GLEAMS is not reasonable as transport factors must also be considered when predicting P loss.

Results from the sensitivity analysis showed that GLEAMS prediction of leached P were extremely sensitive to changes in the P partitioning coefficient (CPKD). Runoff PO4-P output was slightly to moderately sensitive, sediment PO4-P was moderately sensitive to sensitive, and sediment organic P was moderately sensitive to changes in CPKD whereas plant uptake of P was insensitive to slightly sensitive. The weakness of GLEAMS to estimate CPKD has been documented. Upon further investigation, it was determined that CPKD was highly over-estimated in GLEAMS as compared to measured values found during the literature review. Furthermore, this over-estimation caused under-estimation of the P extraction coefficient (BETA P); the value of BETA P remained constant at 0.10 and did not vary over the simulation period.

Expressions for CPKD and BETA P were modified in GLEAMS. Data from three published studies (Belle Mina, Gilbert Farm, and Watkinsville) were used in the analyses of three modifications to GLEAMS: GLEAMS BETA P, GLEAMS CPKD, and GLEAMS BETA P+CPKD. GLEAMS BETA P investigated the change in BETA P as a function of soil clay content, GLEAMS CPKD attempted to improve GLEAMSâ estimation of CPKD, and GLEAMS BETA P+CPKD assessed the combined effects of changes to BETA P and CPKD.

Over the respective study periods, GLEAMS over predicted runoff PO4-P for Belle Mina by 193 to 238% while under-predicting runoff PO4-P at Gilbert Farm by 41% and Watkinsville by 81%. Sediment P was over-predicted by GLEAMS for Belle Mina by 225 to 233% and Gilbert Farm by 560%, while sediment P was under-predicted by 62% at Watkinsville. Leached PO4-P was both over- and under-predicted by GLEAMS; Belle Mina was the only data set with observed leached P values.

Simulation results from the model changes were inconclusive. There was no clear evidence supporting use of one model over another. Modifications increased predicted dissolved P in runoff and leachate, while decreasing predicted sediment-bound P in runoff. The original GLEAMS model best predicted runoff and leached PO4-P at the Belle Mina sites. GLEAMS CPKD was the best predictor of runoff PO4-P and sediment P at Gilbert Farm. GLEAMS BETA P+CPKD best predicted runoff PO4-P at Watkinsville. Overall, the proposed improvements to GLEAMS did not improve GLEAMS predictions.

In conclusion, GLEAMS should not be used for quantitative estimates of hydrology, sediment, and nutrient loss for specific management practices. As recommended by the GLEAMS model developers, GLEAMS should only be used to predict relative differences in alternative management systems. It is recommended that future research focus on developing a better correlation between CPKD, clay mineralogy and content, and organic matter content, as CPKD has been identified as a vital component of the GLEAMS P sub-model that requires further examination.


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Silva, Paulo Henrique Müller da. "Impactos das doses e do parcelamento da fertilização na produtividade, lixiviação e ciclagem de nutrientes em plantações de eucalipto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-14022012-102542/.

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No Brasil, está ocorrendo a expansão da área florestal plantada com espécies do gênero Eucalyptus, sendo que a elevada produtividade pode ser atribuída às pesquisas e melhorias operacionais introduzidas nas ultimas décadas. Nos experimentos realizados em diferentes regiões do Brasil, tem se observado maior incremento dos eucaliptos com o aumento das doses de fertilizantes. Mas o excesso ou a aplicação inadequada de fertilizantes gera freqüentemente o desperdício dos insumos e a lixiviação dos elementos, que podem contaminar o solo e o lençol freático. Portanto, foi objetivo deste trabalho analisar o efeito de doses, bem como do parcelamento da aplicação de fertilizantes na produtividade e na ciclagem de nutrientes em plantios de eucaliptos, além de avaliar a lixiviação de nitrogênio e potássio no solo, após a fertilização de cobertura parcelada em comparação à aplicação em dose única, três meses após o plantio. O experimento foi implantado no município de Anhembi-SP, sendo constituído por cinco tratamentos com a aplicação de doses crescentes e eqüidistantes de N, P e K com a aplicação da fertilização de cobertura (N e K) em 4 parcelas e por um tratamento com fertilização de cobertura aplicada em dose única, três meses após o plantio. Foram avaliados o incremento volumétrico e a produção da biomassa aérea e radicular das árvores, as concentrações e os estoques de nutrientes nos eucaliptos (mineralomassas), a eficiência do uso dos nutrientes, a transferência de nutrientes das árvores para o solo através da produção de folhedo (ciclo biogeoquímico), a ciclagem interna dos nutrientes (ciclo bioquímico), bem como o fluxo de água e a lixiviação do N e K no solo nas profundidades de 20 e 90 cm. Os eucaliptos responderam positivamente ao aumento das doses de fertilizantes, principalmente na fase inicial, apresentando maior produtividade (altura, volume e biomassa). O tratamento com a maior dose obteve, aos 24 meses de idade, 105 t ha-1 de biomassa total, sendo 48% superior ao tratamento sem fertilização, com apenas 71 t ha-1. Entretanto o efeito das maiores doses de fertilizantes foi mais acentuado na fase inicial do crescimento, até os 12 meses de idade. Ocorreu a atenuação do incremento ao longo do tempo, sendo que aos 24 meses não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos com a aplicação de doses de fertilizantes. A fertilização também propiciou maior acúmulo de nutrientes (mineralomassa) nos componentes das árvores (folhas, galhos, lenho, casca e raízes) e maior transferência de nutrientes para o solo, através do folhedo. Assim, os eucaliptos com a adição das doses mais elevadas de fertilizantes devolveram ao solo, via folhedo, aproximadamente 50 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N, 20 kg ha-1 ano-1 de K e 80 kg ha-1 ano-1 de Ca, enquanto o tratamento sem fertilização transferiu para o solo apenas 25 kg ha-1 ano-1 de N, 6,5 kg ha-1 ano-1 de K e 47 kg ha-1 ano-1 de Ca, no período entre 12 a 24 meses de idade. Foi observado que os eucaliptos com menor disponibilidade de nutrientes foram mais eficientes no uso do N e K. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na produção de biomassa lenhosa entre os tratamentos com aplicação da fertilização de cobertura de forma parcelada ou em dose única, sendo observado maior lixiviação do N e do K, aos 90 cm de profundidade, com a aplicação em dose única.
It is occurring, in Brazil, the expansion of planted forest area with species that belong to the Eucalyptus genus, one of the reasons is the high biomass productivity resulting from the research and the operational improvements that have been implemented during the last decades. In several field experiments, has been observed an increase of eucalypts growth by using a higher amount of fertilizers. But excessive or inappropriate application of fertilizers may generate the fertilizer waste and nutrients leaching that may contaminate soil and watertable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fertilization doses in the biomass production and nutrient cycling from the eucalypt plantation, as well as evaluating the N and K leaching in the soil after the application of split and single dose of N and K fertilization. The experiment was set up in the Anhembi city (State of São Paulo), and it was constituted by five treatments with doses of fertilizers and N and K in split application (4 times) and also a treatment with a single dose of N and K application, 3 months after planting. It was evaluated the wood volume, root and shoot biomass, concentrations and stocks of nutrients in eucalypts biomass (mineralomass), the efficiency of nutrient use, the nutrient transference from the canopy to the soil through litter production (leaf-fall), internal nutrients cycling (biochemical cycle), the water flow and leaching of N and K in the soil at the depths of 20 and 90 cm. The eucalypts responded positively to the increased fertilization doses, especially in the first year, with higher productivity (height, DBH and biomass). Treatment with the highest dose for 24 months produced 105 tons ha-1 of biomass, 48% higher than the treatment without fertilization, with only 71 tons ha-1. However the effect of higher doses was more evident at an early stage of tree growth, up to 12 months of age. However, the difference decrease over time, and at 24 months there were not significant differences among the treatments with fertilization application. Fertilization also resulted in higher nutrients accumulation (mineralomass) in all tree components (leaves, branches, wood, bark and roots) and increased nutrient transfer to the soil through deposition of leaf litter. Thus, the eucalypts applied the highest addition of fertilization dose returned to the soil through litter, about 50 kg ha-1 yr-1 of N, 20 kg ha-1 yr-1 of K and 80 kg ha-1 yr-1 of Ca, while the treatment without fertilization transferred to the soil only 25 kg ha-1 yr-1 of N, 6.5 kg ha-1 yr-1 of K and 47 kg ha-1 yr-1 of Ca during 12 months (between 12 to 24 months after planting). It was observed more efficient use of nutrients from the eucalypts with lower nutrients availability. Also, there were no significant differences in the growth of eucalypts from the treatments with split N and K application and single N and K application. However, there was a higher leaching of K and N, 90 cm deep, in the single application treatment.
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Suprayogo, Didik. "Testing the safety-net hypothesis in hedgerow intercropping : water balance and mineral N leaching in the humid tropics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326060.

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Dikko, Abubakar Umar. "An evaluation of some procedures for assessing the long-term capacity of soil minerals to replenish nutrients lost and the effects of acid deposition." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362251.

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A novel system for leaching of reconstituted cores of soils taken from horizons of Calluna moorland podzol profiles derived from granites has been used to see if absolute, or at least, relative, weathering rates assessed by simple leaching techniques and by using the PROFILE model agreed. Initial base cations are first removed by leaching with ammonium acetate. Agreement was reasonable, but the results highlighted problems posed by mineralization effects in column-based procedures. A successful attempt was made to develop a procedure to overcome this problem, based upon pre-oxidation with H2O2. This procedure was tested on a selection of B and C horizon soils from podzol profiles, and shown to give weathering rates which correlated well with those derived using the PROFILE model. The equilibrated soil cores remaining at the end of the study were then used for testing the effect of acidification of infiltrating water upon weathering rates of base cations. Weathering rate did not increase regularly to combat the acid input. Intact soil core microcosms, fitted with rhizon samplers at three depths and subjected to appropriate simulated precipitation, have been used to elucidate how land use influences the mobility of copper and zinc. Three land uses were considered, improved pasture, semi-improved pasture, and Calluna moorland. Copper and zinc concentrations were also measured in river water samples collected at 59 points from throughout the River Dee network under diverse flow conditions, with a view to elucidating catchment factors influencing the mobilisation of these two elements into river water. The results demonstrated large inputs of copper arising as a consequence of arable land use, and suggested that TOC in drainage water from moorland soils mobilises copper from mineral sediments in the river network. Both zinc and copper concentrations were increased under high discharge conditions.
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Willich, Melanie [Verfasser]. "Leaching of Carbon and Nutrients on a Subtropical Sandy Soil from Northern Oman - A Comparison of Methods and Amendments / Melanie Willich." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1061014924/34.

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Prior, Maritane [UNESP]. "Efeito da água residuária da suinocultura no solo e na cultura do milho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106631.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:26:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 prior_m_dr_botfca.pdf: 609810 bytes, checksum: 6b9456e563b46b7994e59d010c70f78f (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A região Oeste do Paraná é grande produtora de suínos, devido a isso, tem-se tornado um problema sério o grande número de dejetos líquidos gerados por essa atividade, além de ser considerada como causadora de degradação ambiental. O uso da água residuária de suinocultura (ARS) vem sendo aplicado ao solo como forma de adubação em várias culturas, o que melhora as condições do solo devido ao fornecimento de nutrientes, além de economizar custos com fertilização e água potável. Entretanto, a utilização da ARS na agricultura pode causar problemas, quando realizada de forma inadequada, devido à falta de informações sobre a taxa de aplicação adequada. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo quantificar elementos e variáveis no solo e lixiviado quanto aos parâmetro físicos e químicos, bem como avaliar o comportamento da cultura em função da aplicação de água residuária de suinocultura (ARS) em um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico cultivado com milho. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido, onde foram construídos 24 lisímetros de drenagem, que receberam água residuária de suinocultura (ARS), sendo aplicadas cinco taxas de ARS (0; 112,5; 225; 337,5 e 450 m3 ha-1 no ciclo), combinadas com duas adubações de solo (50 e 75%), em três repetições por tratamento, sendo distribuídas em cinco aplicações durante o ciclo da cultura. Fez-se irrigações de acordo com a precipitação média ocorrida no período, quinzenalmente, resultando em seis coletas do material lixiviado, que foi analisado quanto ao N total, NO3 -, NO- 2, pH, CE, Ca, Mg, Na, K e P. Durante o ciclo da cultura do milho foram coletadas cinco amostras de solo de cada uma das parcelas analisadas quanto ao N total, N orgânico, N inorgânico, NH4 +, NO3 -, Na, pH, CE, MO, P, Ca, Mg, K, V%, CTC, P, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. Para o comportamento da cultura foi avaliado o diâmetro...
West of Paraná is a big producer of swine, due to that, it has been turning a serious problem the great volume of liquid dejections generated by this activity, besides it is considered as responsible of environmental degradation. The use of the swine wastewater (ARS) has been applied to the soil as a manuring form in several cultures, that improves the conditions of the soil due to the supply of nutrients, besides saving costs with fertilization and drinking water. However, the use of ARS in the agriculture can cause problems, once the application is made in an inadequate way, due to the lack of information about the appropriate rate of application. In this context, this work had for objective to evaluate the effects caused in the soil and leached as for the parameters physicists and chemical, as well as to evaluate the behavior of the culture in function of the swine wastewater application (ARS) in a Typical Dystroferric Red Latosol cultivated with corn. The experiment was driven in protected atmosphere, where 24 drainage lisimiters were built, that received swine wastewater (ARS), where it was applied five rates of ARS (0; 112,5; 225; 337,5 and 450 m3 ha-1 in the cycle), combined with two soil manurings (50 and 75%), in three repetitions for treatment, where it was distributed in five applications during the cycle of the culture. It was made irrigations in agreement with the medium precipitation happened in the period, biweekly, resulting in six collections of the leached material, that it was analyzed as for total N, NO3, NO2, pH, CE, Ca, Mg, Na, K and P.
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Bučienė, Angelija. "Biogenų n ir p išplova Lietuvos žemumų dirvožemiuose." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090305_092519-91926.

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Habilitacijos procedūrai teikiamoje apžvalgoje apibendrinti po disertacijos apgynimo (1984 m.) atliktų mokslinių tyrimų darbų rezultatai. Šiame darbe remiamasi autorės atliktų ir vadovautų maisto medžiagų migracijos tyrimų Lietuvos žemdirbystės institute Dotnuvoje 1992-1995 m., taip pat kartu su bendraautoriais vykdytų tyrimų 1992-2003 m. LŽI bazėje rezultatais bei 1995-1999 m. tyrimų rezultatais, gautais R.Liutkevičiaus ūkyje, vykdant tarptautinį BEAROP (Baltijos jūros aplinkosaugos nuo žemės ūkio nuotėkio taršos) projektą. Šios apžvalgos tikslas ir uždaviniai – išanalizuoti ir apibendrinti biogenų N ir P drenažo išplovos Pajūrio ir Vidurio žemumų agroekosistemų dirvožemiuose tyrimų rezultatus, paaiškinti nustatytas tendencijas, palyginti išplovos rezultatus, gautus nedidelėje drenažo aikštelėje ir didelėje ūkyje esančioje drenažo sistemoje, apskaičiuoti ir prognozuoti išplovas mišrių tradicinių ir ekologinių ūkių sąlygomis bei numatyti užduotis tolesniems tyrimams. Šioje apžvalgoje apibendrinama tyrimų medžiaga apima 19 mokslinių straipsnių, vieną monografiją ir tarptautinio projekto ataskaitą, kurie buvo paskelbti 1995-2008 m. Dauguma straipsnių parengta kartu su kitais bendraautoriais (vienuolikoje iš jų autorė buvo pirmoji). Publikuotos medžiagos pagrindu buvo daryti pranešimai daugiau kaip 19 mokslo renginių (konferencijose, seminaruose, simpoziume) tiek Lietuvoje, tiek užsienyje.
The results of scientific research conducted since acquisition of the Ph.D. in 1984 are reviewed in this survey for habilitation procedure. The nutrient migration research was conducted and supervised by author and performed at Lithuanian institute of Agriculture (LIA) in Dotnuva in 1992-1995, together with other researchers was conducted in the base of LIA in 1995-2003, and in the farm of R.Liutkevičius in 1995-1999, according to the tasks of international BEAROP project (Baltic Environment and Agricultural Runnof Project). The aim and tasks of this survey – to analyse and summarise the results of nutrients N and P leaching from soils of agroecosystems of Seashore and Middle Lithuania lowlands, to explain the trends, to compare the leaching results from small and big drainage system (at the farm), to estimate and forecast the leaching of nutrients under conditions of conventional and ecological farms and to foresee the tasks for the future research. The review material covers 1995-2008 and 19 scientific papers, 1 monograph and 1 international raport published during that period. The most of papers were prepared together with co-authors, but in 11 of them the author was the first. On the base of material obtained, more than 19 presentations were made at different scientific events (conferences, seminars, symposium) in Lithuania as well as in other countries.
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Stewart, Nathan Todd. "Treatment of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Raceway Effluent Using Baffled Sedimentation and Artificial Substrates and Characterization of Nutrient Leaching Rates from Settled Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Sludge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34555.

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Treatment of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Raceway Effluent Using Baffled Sedimentation and Artificial Substrates

The treatment performance of a 6 m wide by 67 m long by 0.8 m deep, baffled sedimentation basin receiving rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) raceway effluent was evaluated with and without the installation of artificial substrates (Aquamats®). Treatment efficiency was also determined using normal rearing condition effluent loading versus cleaning and harvesting events. Total suspended solids (TSS) removal for the total basin averaged 79% and 71% during normal rearing conditions, as compared to 92% and 79% during cleaning and harvesting operations, when the Aquamats® were installed versus removed, respectively. Total phosphorus (TP) removal by the total basin, with and without Aquamats®, was 20% and 23% during normal rearing conditions as compared to 55% and 65% under cleaning and harvesting conditions, respectively. Higher TP removal during cleaning operations was attributed to sedimentation of particulate fractions. Dissolved nutrient removal (ortho-phosphate (OP), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate, nitrite, and total organic carbon (TOC)) was not consistent throughout the basin and did not improve when the Aquamats® were installed. A short contact time and periphyton grazing by isopods may have limited the capacity of the Aquamats®.

Calculated retention times with and without Aquamats® for the first half and total basin were 37% and 32% and 27% and 17% less than theoretical values, respectively based on a rhodamine WT dye study. Average surface overflow rates were adjusted accordingly and measured 19.1 m3/m2-day when the Aquamats® were installed, versus 14.8 m3/m2-day when the Aquamats® were removed for the overall basin. These rates are lower than previous recommendations for treating aquaculture effluents, but resulted in with high solids removal and consistently low TSS effluent (average < 2 mg/L) which may be necessary for strict discharge permits. Use of the overall basin minimized the occurrence of TSS measurements > 2 mg/L by 50%. For the first half of the sedimentation basin, the overflow rate averaged 44.1 m3/m2-day with Aquamats® versus 35.8 m3/m2-day without Aquamats®. The majority of effluent treatment occurred within the first half of the basin, which was responsible for 84% and 94% of total TSS removal, 42% and 100% and 61% and 80% of total TP removal during normal and cleaning/harvesting conditions, respectively.

Characterization of Nutrient Leaching Rates from Settled Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Sledge

The leaching of nutrients from settled rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sludge into overlying water was evaluated over a 7 day period. Nutrient leaching was assessed in a stagnant reaction tank and one agitated by aeration to simulate turbulent conditions in stocked production raceways. Leaching of total phosphorus (TP), ortho-phosphate (OP), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), and total organic carbon (TOC) occurred rapidly during the first 24 h in both stagnant and agitated conditions. The highest 24 h leaching occurred in the agitated tank, and power regression equations accurately described the varying rates of increasing TP, OP, TAN and TKN. In the stagnant tank, linear increases of TP, OP, TKN and TAN concentrations occurred during the first 24 h. These linear increases continued from day 2-7, but at slower rates than occurred during the first 24 h. Average nutrient leaching rates (mg leached/g sludge-h);(dry weight basis) were calculated based on linear concentration increases. In the agitated tank, nutrient concentrations decreased after 60 h, as aerobic bacterial uptake and/or chemical precipitation was suspected. Therefore, average leaching rates could not be determined.

These findings reveal that daily cleanout of settling areas could eliminate the release of TP, OP, TAN, TKN, and TOC from settled solids by 66%, 65%, 39%, 76% and 51%, respectively, as compared to weekly cleanout schedules. Sustained leaching rates indicate nutrient release will likely continue beyond 7 days. This information suggests aggressive and continuous sludge management is most beneficial for maintaining high water quality and regulatory discharge compliance in fish production.


Master of Science
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Collins, Shane. "Residue composition influences nutrient release from crop residues." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0171.

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[Truncated abstract] A greater adoption of stubble retention, minimum-till and no-till farming practices for the purposes of conserving soil, water and fertility requires a greater understanding of the complexity of physical and chemical interactions between the soil and crop residues. There is currently insufficient knowledge to allow reliable predictions of the effects of different residue types in different environments on soil fertility and crop growth, owing to the many residue characteristics and environmental interactions that have been shown to affect decomposition or nutrient release. The role of fibre and nutrient composition in nutrient release from crop residues, and implications for residue management techniques, were studied. Canola, lupin and field pea residues, obtained from farmland in Meckering and Northam, Western Australia, were separated into upper and basal stems, leaves, and siliques or pods. This was done to provide materials with a wide range of chemical and physical characteristics, and also allowed consideration of differential residue management of plant organs, such as comparing harvested canola siliques and retained canola stubble. Pre-treatment by chopping and/or humidification was applied to residues to provide some information about the processes of nutrient release. Residues were subjected to simulated rainfall to assess nutrient leaching from plant material, and placed on soil in pots in constant-temperature glasshouse conditions to assess decomposition. Amounts and rates of change of residue fibre and nutrients were determined throughout leaching and decomposition. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalysis was used to assess the location of diffusible ions in air-dried residues and the effects of humidification on nutrient positioning and release. ... However, the release of calcium and magnesium depended on the decomposition of the more recalcitrant components such as cellulose and lignin, as supported by microscopy results showing changes in nutrient distribution following humidification. The proportionality of amounts of calcium and magnesium leached and released during decomposition is likely to suggest a similarity of chemical form more than similarity of function or position of the two elements. Management of crop residues for maximising and optimising the timing of release of different nutrients will need to take into account the placement of different plant types and parts, particle sizes distribution and pre-treatment of material to efficiently manage short- and long-term soil fertility to sustain crops, particularly on degraded soils. Significant nutrient release of potassium, sulphur and magnesium from crop residues can be achieved from surface placement, with the release of potassium and sulphur managed by modifying residue particle size through appropriate harvesting, ploughing or sowing implement selection. High nutrient uptake crops and plant parts –where they can be economically viable to grow or separated by the harvesting technique – are particularly valuable as sources of nutrients and soil organic matter.
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Books on the topic "Leaching of nutrients"

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Vuorinen, Ilppo. Post-Glacial Baltic Sea Ecosystems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.675.

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Post-glacial aquatic ecosystems in Eurasia and North America, such as the Baltic Sea, evolved in the freshwater, brackish, and marine environments that fringed the melting glaciers. Warming of the climate initiated sea level and land rise and subsequent changes in aquatic ecosystems. Seminal ideas on ancient developing ecosystems were based on findings in Swedish large lakes of species that had arrived there from adjacent glacial freshwater or marine environments and established populations which have survived up to the present day. An ecosystem of the first freshwater stage, the Baltic Ice Lake initially consisted of ice-associated biota. Subsequent aquatic environments, the Yoldia Sea, the Ancylus Lake, the Litorina Sea, and the Mya Sea, are all named after mollusc trace fossils. These often convey information on the geologic period in question and indicate some physical and chemical characteristics of their environment. The ecosystems of various Baltic Sea stages are regulated primarily by temperature and freshwater runoff (which affects directly and indirectly both salinity and nutrient concentrations). Key ecological environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, and nutrient levels, not only change seasonally but are also subject to long-term changes (due to astronomical factors) and shorter disturbances, for example, a warm period that essentially formed the Yoldia Sea, and more recently the “Little Ice Age” (which terminated the Viking settlement in Iceland).There is no direct way to study the post-Holocene Baltic Sea stages, but findings in geological samples of ecological keystone species (which may form a physical environment for other species to dwell in and/or largely determine the function of an ecosystem) can indicate ancient large-scale ecosystem features and changes. Such changes have included, for example, development of an initially turbid glacial meltwater to clearer water with increasing primary production (enhanced also by warmer temperatures), eventually leading to self-shading and other consequences of anthropogenic eutrophication (nutrient-rich conditions). Furthermore, the development in the last century from oligotrophic (nutrient-poor) to eutrophic conditions also included shifts between the grazing chain (which include large predators, e.g., piscivorous fish, mammals, and birds at the top of the food chain) and the microbial loop (filtering top predators such as jellyfish). Another large-scale change has been a succession from low (freshwater glacier lake) biodiversity to increased (brackish and marine) biodiversity. The present-day Baltic Sea ecosystem is a direct descendant of the more marine Litorina Sea, which marks the beginning of the transition from a primeval ecosystem to one regulated by humans. The recent Baltic Sea is characterized by high concentrations of pollutants and nutrients, a shift from perennial to annual macrophytes (and more rapid nutrient cycling), and an increasing rate of invasion by non-native species. Thus, an increasing pace of anthropogenic ecological change has been a prominent trend in the Baltic Sea ecosystem since the Ancylus Lake.Future development is in the first place dependent on regional factors, such as salinity, which is regulated by sea and land level changes and the climate, and runoff, which controls both salinity and the leaching of nutrients to the sea. However, uncertainties abound, for example the future development of the Gulf Stream and its associated westerly winds, which support the sub-boreal ecosystems, both terrestrial and aquatic, in the Baltic Sea area. Thus, extensive sophisticated, cross-disciplinary modeling is needed to foresee whether the Baltic Sea will develop toward a freshwater or marine ecosystem, set in a sub-boreal, boreal, or arctic climate.
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Book chapters on the topic "Leaching of nutrients"

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Rashmi, I., Abhay Shirale, K. S. Kartikha, K. C. Shinogi, B. P. Meena, and S. Kala. "Leaching of Plant Nutrients from Agricultural Lands." In Essential Plant Nutrients, 465–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58841-4_19.

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Kortelainen, P., and S. Saukkonen. "Leaching of Nutrients, Organic Carbon and Iron from Finnish Forestry Land." In Biogeochemical Investigations at Watershed, Landscape, and Regional Scales, 239–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0906-4_23.

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Jacobsen, Ole Stig, and Finn Pilgaard Vinther. "Semi-Automatic Field Station for Monitoring Agricultural Leaching of Nutrients and Pesticides." In Field Screening Europe, 37–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1473-5_8.

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Patra, A. K., Pradeep Behari, and J. B. Singh. "Prediction and measurement of nutrients leaching from a soil under fodder crops in the Indian semi-arid tropics." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment, 543–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_169.

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Goulding, Keith, T. Scott Murrell, Robert L. Mikkelsen, Ciro Rosolem, Johnny Johnston, Huoyan Wang, and Marta A. Alfaro. "Outputs: Potassium Losses from Agricultural Systems." In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 75–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_3.

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AbstractPotassium (K) outputs comprise removals in harvested crops and losses via a number of pathways. No specific environmental issues arise from K losses to the wider environment, and so they have received little attention. Nevertheless, K is very soluble and so can be leached to depth or to surface waters. Also, because K is bound to clays and organic materials, and adsorbed K is mostly associated with fine soil particles, it can be eroded with particulate material in runoff water and by strong winds. It can also be lost when crop residues are burned in the open. Losses represent a potential economic cost to farmers and reduce soil nutritional status for plant growth. The pathways of loss and their relative importance can be related to: (a) the general characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem (tropical or temperate regions, cropping or grazing, tillage management, interactions with other nutrients such as nitrogen); (b) the specific characteristics of the agricultural ecosystem such as soil mineralogy, texture, initial soil K status, sources of K applied (organic, inorganic), and rates and timing of fertilizer applications. This chapter provides an overview of the main factors affecting K removals in crops and losses through runoff, leaching, erosion, and open burning.
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Smith, William H. "Forest Nutrient Cycling: Leaching and Weathering." In Air Pollution and Forests, 269–91. New York, NY: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3296-4_10.

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Kilmer, Victor J. "Nutrient Losses from Grasslands through Leaching and Runoff." In Forage Fertilization, 341–62. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1974.foragefertilization.c16.

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Kubin, Eero. "The effect of clear cutting, waste wood collecting and site preparation on the nutrient leaching to groundwater." In Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems, 661–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0455-5_73.

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Insam, H., and A. Palojärvi. "Effects of forest fertilization on nitrogen leaching and soil microbial properties in the Northern Calcareous Alps of Austria." In Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems, 75–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0455-5_8.

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Pedersen, Lars Bo, and Jørgen Bille-Hansen. "Effects of airborne sea salts on soil water acidification and leaching of aluminium in different forest ecosystems in Denmark." In Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems, 365–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0455-5_42.

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Conference papers on the topic "Leaching of nutrients"

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Nawaz, Rab, Hathairatana Garivait, and Patana Anurakpongsatorn. "Impacts of precipitation on leaching behavior of plant nutrients in agricultural soils of the tropics." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (ICBEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbee.2010.5651678.

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Zhou, Junwei, Yue Wen, and Qi Zhou. "Notice of Retraction: The Contribution of Leaching under Different pH to Nutrients Release of Cattail Litter." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5781463.

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SIKSNANE, Ieva, and Ainis LAGZDINS. "ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC LOSSES ASSOCIATED WITH NITROGEN LEACHING IN AGRICULTURAL LAND IN LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.204.

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Water is significantly important resource in everyday life. Parameters that characterize the quality of water resources are affected by human activities. In Latvia, water pollution with nutrients is often related to agricultural activities. As water circulation is sustained and uninterrupted process, nitrogen compounds are lost throughout the hydrographic network and transported both locally and internationally. Increased levels of nitrogen in the water lead to intensive eutrophication processes in the inland water bodies and the Baltic Sea, therefore, availability of clean water is decreasing. It is necessary to minimize and prevent water pollution as much as possible. The aim of this research is to evaluate the economic losses caused by nitrogen leakage through agricultural drainage systems in Latvia. For this purpose, water protection regulations and agricultural runoff monitoring data are examined. Evaluation process of the economic losses includes a comparison of the maximum extent permitted rates of nitrogen application with the theoretical optimum application rates and application rates determined at the research sites. For calculations ammonium nitrate was used as a type of fertilizer. From the results of this research it can be concluded that in about 41% the amount of nitrogen needed to reach the current yield level was exceeded. In addition, on average 13.2% and 15.4% of nitrogen applied annually as mineral fertilizers are lost through the subsurface drainage systems at the Berze and Mellupite research sites, respectively. This causes economic losses to farmers on average 61.13 EUR ha-1 year-1.
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Strayer, Richard F., Michael P. Alazraki, and Jennifer Judkins. "Comparison of Batch CSTR Leaching and Biodegradation of Autoclaved and Not Autoclaved Human Feces with Regard to Recovery of Major Inorganic Crop Nutrients." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-2469.

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Treese, Daniel P., Shirley E. Clark, and Katherine H. Baker. "Nutrient Leaching from Disturbed Soil Horizons." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)302.

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Yoshiyuki Shinogi. "NUTRIENT LEACHING FROM CARBON PRODUCTS OF SLUDGE." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.16774.

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Mark R Williams, Gary W Feyereisen, Douglas B Beegle, Robert D Shannon, Gordon J Folmar, and Ray B Bryant. "Manure Application Under Winter Conditions: Nutrient Runoff and Leaching Losses." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29826.

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Radovanovic, Jovana, and Eban Bean. "Evaluation of Amending Compacted Residential Soils with Compost on Nutrient Leaching." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482957.009.

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Johannessen, Birgitte G., Elizabeth Fassman-Beck, Yang Cheng, and Daniel Rosenberger. "Investigating Substrate Amendments to Prevent Nutrient Leaching from Extensive Sedum Green Roofs." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481431.008.

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"The Effects of Winter Cover Cropping on Nutrient Leaching Through Repacked Soil Columns." In 2015 ASABE International Meeting. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20152190071.

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