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Academic literature on the topic 'Leaching to minerals'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Leaching to minerals"

1

Fowler, Ashley L., Mieke Brümmer-Holder, and Karl A. Dawson. "Dietary Trace Mineral Level and Source Affect Fecal Bacterial Mineral Incorporation and Mineral Leaching Potential of Equine Feces." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 7107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247107.

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Minerals excreted in feces have the potential to leach or runoff to water-ways, negatively impacting water quality. This study examined the effect of dietary trace mineral levels, and their source, on the leaching potential of minerals from equine feces. Nine horses were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin Square, with three dietary treatments provided as pellets: no added trace minerals (CON), added inorganic trace minerals (ING), and added organic trace minerals (ORG). Supplemental trace minerals included Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Horses were allowed ad libitum access to forage and fed their treatment pellets for 16 days prior to fecal sample collection. Estimated dietary mineral intake exceeded requirements for supplemented minerals. Regardless of the source, adding dietary trace minerals increased the fecal leaching potential of Cu, Zn, and P (p < 0.05). More Co leached from ORG compared to ING, while Zn leached in greater amounts from ING compared to ORG (p < 0.05). Fecal bacterial Zn content was greater (p < 0.05) for ORG compared to ING. Negative correlations were observed between bacterial mineral content and leaching for several minerals. Supplementing trace minerals in forms that increase microbial incorporation may provide a strategy to control fecal mineral leaching.

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Fowler, Ashley L., Mieke Brummer-Holder, and Karl A. Dawson. "Trace Mineral Leaching from Equine Compost." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 7157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177157.

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Mineral leaching from compost can be environmentally disruptive. Little information is available regarding trace mineral leaching from equine-sourced compost. The objective of this study was to quantify the mineral content and leaching potential of compost produced from feces of horses fed different amounts and forms (organic or inorganic) of trace minerals. Nine horses were fed three treatments in a 3 × 3 replicated Latin Square design. The dietary treatments were provided as a daily pellet: CON (pellet without added trace minerals), ING (added inorganic trace minerals), and ORG (added organic trace minerals). The added trace minerals were Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn. Feces were collected from each horse after a 16-day feeding period, combined with straw, composted, and then subjected to simulated rainfall to measure mineral mobility. Concentrations of Co, Cu, Mn, and Zn were greater in ING and ORG compared to CON compost (p < 0.05); additionally, ING had greater Zn than ORG compost (p < 0.05). More Cu leached from ING and ORG compared to CON (p < 0.05). The most Zn leached from ING, followed by ORG, and the least amount leached from CON compost (p < 0.05). Dietary trace mineral intake affected the trace mineral concentration in the compost and amount available to leach during rainfall events.

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Chen, Lingkang, Xiongwei Jin, Haixia Chen, Zhengwei He, Lanrong Qiu, and Hurong Duan. "Grain Size Distribution and Clay Mineral Distinction of Rare Earth Ore through Different Methods." Minerals 10, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10040353.

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Although clay mineral content in ion-absorbed rare earth ores is crucial for migrating and releasing rare earth elements, the formation, distribution, and migration of clay minerals in supergene rare earth ores have not been fully understood. Therefore, this study analyzes the characteristics of clay mineral type and content, soil particle size, pH value, leaching solution concentration, and leaching rate. This analysis was performed using different methods, such as regional rare earth mine soil surveys, in situ leaching profile monitoring, and indoor simulated leaching. The results showed that the grain size and volume curve of rare earth ore have unimodal and bimodal shapes, respectively. X-ray diffraction showed the differences in clay mineral types formed by different weathered bedrocks. The principal clay minerals were kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and vermiculite, with their relative abundance varying with parent rock lithology (granite and low-grade metamorphic rocks). In the Ganxian granite weathering profile, the kaolinite content increased from top to bottom. The decomposition of feldspar minerals to kaolinite was enhanced with an increase in the SiO2 content during weathering. The in situ leaching profile analysis showed that the kaolinite content increased initially and then decreased, whereas the illite/mica content exhibited the opposite trend. Under stable leaching solution concentration and leaching rate, clay mineral formation is favored by lower pH. Low pH, low leaching rate, and highly-concentrated leaching solution (12 wt%) resulted in a slow increase in kaolinite content in the upper part of the profile (30 cm). A lower concentration of the leaching solution (4 wt%) resulted in rapid enrichment of kaolinite after 15 days. Low pH, leaching solution concentration, and leaching rate promoted the formation of distinct kaolinite horizons. We suggest that by disregarding other control factors, rare earth recovery of over 90% can be achieved through leach mining with solutions of 8 wt% and a pH of 5 at a leaching rate of 5 mL/min.

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Nikkhou, Fatemeh, Fang Xia, Xizhi Yao, Idowu A. Adegoke, Qinfen Gu, and Justin A. Kimpton. "A Flow-Through Reaction Cell for Studying Minerals Leaching by In-Situ Synchrotron Powder X-ray Diffraction." Minerals 10, no. 11 (November 8, 2020): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110990.

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A flow-through reaction cell has been developed for studying minerals leaching by in-situ time-resolved powder X-ray diffraction, allowing for a better understanding of the leaching mechanisms and kinetics. The cell has the capability of independent control of temperature (up to 95 °C) and flow rate (>0.5 mL min−1) for atmospheric pressure leaching. It was successfully tested at the powder diffraction beamline at the Australian Synchrotron. Galena powder was leached in a citrate solution under flow-through condition at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min−1, while diffraction patterns were collected during the entire leaching process, showing rapid galena dissolution without the formation of secondary mineral phases. The flow-through cell can be used to study leaching processes of other ore minerals.

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Cho, Kanghee, Hyunsoo Kim, Eunji Myung, Oyunbileg Purev, Nagchoul Choi, and Cheonyoung Park. "Recovery of Gold from the Refractory Gold Concentrate Using Microwave Assisted Leaching." Metals 10, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050571.

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Microwave technology has been confirmed to be suitable for use in a wide range of mineral leaching processes. Compared to conventional leaching, microwave-assisted leaching has significant advantages. It is a proven process, because of its short processing time and reduced energy. The purpose of this study was to enhance the gold content in a refractory gold concentrate using microwave-assisted leaching. The leaching efficiencies of metal ions (As, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Pb) and recovery of gold from refractory gold concentrate were investigated via nitric acid leaching followed by microwave treatment. As the acid concentration increased, metal ion leaching increased. In the refractory gold concentrate leaching experiments, nitric acid leaching at high temperatures could limit the decomposition of sulfide minerals, because of the passive layer in the refractory gold concentrate. Microwave-assisted leaching experiments for gold recovery were conducted for the refractory gold concentrate. More extreme reaction conditions (nitric acid concentration > 1.0 M) facilitated the decomposition of passivation species derived from metal ion dissolution and the liberation of gangue minerals on the sulfide surface. The recovery rate of gold in the leach residue was improved with microwave-assisted leaching, with a gold recovery of ~132.55 g/t after 20 min of the leaching experiment (2.0 M nitric acid), according to fire assays.

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Kocaman, Ayse Tuba, Mustafa Cemek, and Katrina Jane Edwards. "Kinetics of pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite dissolution byAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidans." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 8 (August 2016): 629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2016-0085.

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The main objective of this study was to investigate the dissolution kinetics of pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite. Crushed minerals were reacted with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (25 °C). The kinetics of dissolution was investigated by monitoring pH and Fe2+and Fe3+ion concentrations in the leaching solutions. Pyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite dissolution by A. ferrooxidans was found to be a chemically controlled process. With bacteria, the dissolution rates of the minerals increased in the order of pyrrhotite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. The number of cells attached to mineral surfaces increased in the same order. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was found to enhance the dissolution rates of the minerals. The acid-insoluble trait of pyrite and acid-soluble trait of the other 2 minerals affected the pH changes in the leaching solutions.

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Oyun-Erdene, Gendenjamts, Dolgormaa Anudari, Luvsandagva Mandakhsaikhan, Tsoodol Zolzaya, and Jadambaa Temuujin. "Comparative Acid Leaching Study of Mongolian Muscovite and Montmorillonite Clay Minerals." Solid State Phenomena 323 (August 30, 2021): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.323.21.

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Acid activation is the most commonly used method to enhance the chemical and physical properties of clay minerals. Porous structure formation behavior depends on the crystal structure of clay minerals. Within the same structure of clay minerals, their resistance to acid also varies. Acid leaching has been used to increase the surface area of clay minerals and obtain solids with high porosity and many acidic sites. This paper is focused on the results of acid leaching of Mongolian clay minerals (montmorillonite and muscovite). Both clay minerals belong to a group of phyllosilicates with the 2:1 crystal structure. The influence of acid concentration and leaching time on the porous properties of silica was studied. Initially, the montmorillonite was pre-treated by a simple physical purification methods. The montmorillonite and muscovite were acid leached by a 10% hydrochloric acid solution in an autoclave at 120°C for 10h. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the surface area used for characterization of the raw and leached samples. The surface area of leached montmorillonite increased up to 77% and muscovite up to 63%. Clay mineral’s swelling character and isomorphic substitution of the octahedral layer show the main influence on porous structure formation.

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Mashifana, Tebogo, and Nastassia Sithole. "Leaching kinetics of gold mine tailings: the removal of manganese and iron by sodium carbonate." E3S Web of Conferences 96 (2019): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199602005.

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South Africa is a mineral-rich country with numerous metals and minerals such as gold, copper, and platinum group metals which are exploited to a significant extent. In this study the leaching of heavy metals from gold tailings was studied using sodium carbonate using gold tailings from Sibanye gold. The effect of the key leaching parameters were studied: solvent concentration, temperature, leaching time and the kinetic models were used. Leaching is a hydrometallurgical process where metals are extracted by chemical dissolution, leaving behind a residue of inert minerals originally present as well as insoluble decomposition products of the reacted mineral. The effect of concentration and temperature was tested and it was found that highest Fe extracted(39%) was at 0.5 M and for Mn (46.3%) was at 0.25 M, both at 25 ºC. it was also found that an increase in metal extraction depends on leaching time. The data obtained was modelled to determine whether the kinetic model follows the chemical controlled process or controlled diffusion process and it was found that the controlled diffusion model best fits the kinetic model at all temperatures.

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Ranjbar, Mohammad, Mohammadreza Esmailbagi, and Mahin Schaffie. "Bioelectrochemical Leaching of Copper Sulfide Minerals." Solid State Phenomena 262 (August 2017): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.262.16.

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The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of copper sulfides dissolution and to use this knowledge for optimization of process parameters for commercial application of electrochemical bioleaching of chalcopyrite concentrates in stirred bioreactors. From the results of this study, the importance of the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) on the catalytic interaction between chalcopyrite and pyrite can be pointed out as the main parameters for successful bioprocessing of chalcopyrite concentrates. Under these conditions, the optimization of the average particle size of feed (D80) and adjusting the ORP in the range between 400-450 mV are important criteria for increasing the electrochemical bioleaching rate of chalcopyrite concentrates. It seems that the main reason for the increased copper recovery could be the control and prevention of chalcopyrite passivation resulting from improved galvanic interaction between copper sulfide minerals, here especially chalcopyrite and pyrite in the selected ORP range and the right particle size distribution of feed. At optimum conditions, the copper extraction from chalcopyrite flotation concentrate during 7 days of continuous electrochemical bioleaching operations in stirred tanks was about 95%, which should be high enough to justify the process economically.

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Shakirullah, Mohammad, Imtiaz Ahmad, Mohammad Arsala Khan, Mohammad Ishaq, Habib ur Rehman, and Uzma Khan. "Leaching of Minerals in Degari Coal." Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 05, no. 02 (2006): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2006.52009.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Leaching to minerals"

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Catherine, J. H. "The anodic dissolution of copper from complex sulphide minerals." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381574.

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Quezada, Reyes Víctor Alejandro. "Pretreatment to the leaching of copper sulphides minerals in oxidizing media." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670663.

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La producción chilena de cobre procede de la hidrometalurgia y la concentración; el concentrado de cobre es tratado tradicionalmente mediante pirometalurgia. De acuerdo a Cochilco, el cobre producido en el año 2019, vía hidrometalurgia, fue un 27.3% del cobre chileno producido. Sin embargo, se prevé que esta aporte baje a un 11.6% para el año 2029, debido al agotamiento de los óxidos de cobre y la aparición de los sulfuros, principalmente calcopirita, siendo este mineral refractario a condiciones convencionales de lixiviación. Una opción para mejorar la eficiencia de lixiviación es el pretratamiento, especialmente el efecto del tiempo de curado. Esta variable mejora la cinética de disolución, principalmente en minerales sulfurados de cobre, sin embargo, existe escasa investigación al respecto. Estudios sobre el pretratamiento evalúan el efecto en la eficiencia de lixiviación pero no antes. Además, las reacciones que gobiernan estos fenómenos no han sido identificadas. Así, el objetivo de esta tesis es la evaluación del efecto del curado ácido en la extracción de cobre desde minerales sulfurados en condiciones oxidantes y en la presencia de cloruro. Muestras puras de calcopirita, calcosina y un mineral industrial de mina han sido utilizadas. Se desarrollaron pruebas evaluando el efecto del tiempo de curado y la concentración de KNO3, NaCl y H2SO4 y analizadas por ANOVA (calcopirita). Los productos formados en el pretratamiento (aglomerados) se caracterizaron utilizando diversas técnicas, tales como: Difracción de rayos X, Microscopio electrónico de barrido y Microscopia de luz reflejada. Además, el efecto del pretratamiento ha sido evaluado en la eficiencia de lixiviación a varias temperaturas, los residuos de lixiviación también han sido caracterizados. En el pretratamiento, el mineral de calcopirita y de mina, bajo las condiciones utilizadas en este estudio (15 kg/t of H2SO4, 25 kg/t of NaCl y 15 días de tiempo de curado), los siguientes productos fueron identificados: CuSO4, NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6, Cu2Cl(OH) y S. Sobre la calcosina, bajo las condiciones utilizadas en este estudio, con 30 kg/t of H2SO4, 40 kg/t of NaCl y 7 días de tiempo de curado, los productos identificados fueron: Cu1.75S, Cu(OH)Cl, Na2SO4 and CuSO4. Finalmente, el pretratamiento mejora la eficiencia de lixiviación, entre 4 y 6%, alcanzando una extracción de cobre de 94% desde la calcopirita a 90 °C, fortaleciendo la hidrometalurgia como alternativa de tratamiento para minerales sulfurados de cobre.
Copper production in Chile is developed by hydrometallurgical and concentration; copper concentrates are traditionally treated by the pyrometallurgical route. According to Cochilco, copper produced in 2019 by hydrometallurgical process represent a 27.3% of Chilean total copper production. However, this contribution is estimated to decrease to 11.6% by 2029, due to the depletion of copper oxides and the appearance of copper sulphides, mainly chalcopyrite, being this mineral refractory to conventional leaching conditions. An alternative to improve leaching efficiency is pretreatment prior to leaching, especially the effect of curing time. This variable can increases the kinetics of copper extraction, especially in sulphides ores, however, there is limited research about it. Studies on pretreatment evaluate the effect on leaching efficiency but not previous leaching. Furthermore, the reactions that govern this phenomenon have not been clearly identified. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is the evaluation of the effect of acid curing on the copper extraction from sulphides minerals in oxidizing media and in presence of chloride. A pure sample of chalcopyrite, chalcocite and a mine ore were used. Tests evaluating the effect of curing time, KNO3, NaCl and H2SO4 concentration have been carried out. The chalcopyrite sample effect was evaluated by ANOVA. The product generated in the pretreatment (agglomerates) has been characterized using different characterization techniques, such as: X-Ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Reflection Optical Microscopy. Furthermore, the effect of pretreatment has been evaluated on the leaching efficiency at different temperatures, leaching residues have also been characterized. In the pretreatment of the chalcopyrite sample and mine ore, under the conditions of 15 kg/t of H2SO4, 25 kg/t of NaCl and 15 days of curing time, the following products were identified: CuSO4, NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6, Cu2Cl(OH) and S0. Regarding the chalcocite sample, under the conditions of with 30 kg/t of H2SO4, 40 kg/t of NaCl and 7 days of curing time, the following products were identified: Cu1.75S, Cu(OH)Cl, Na2SO4 and CuSO4. Finally, copper sulphides ore pretreatment improved leaching efficiency, between 4 and 6%, reaching a copper dissolution of 94% from chalcopyrite at 90 °C, strengthening the hydrometallurgy as an alternative treatment for copper sulphides ores.

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Al-Harahsheh, Mohammad. "A fundamental investigation into the microwave assisted leaching of sulphide minerals." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11075/.

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Microwave assisted leaching has been investigated in an attempt to improve both the yield of extracted metal and reduce processing time. This is especially pertinent in view of the increased demands for metal and more environmentally friendly processes. This work reports a fundamental study on the influence of microwave energy on the dissolution of sulphide minerals. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite were chosen as model materials due to their economic importance and the diversity of their heating behaviour in a microwave field (chalcopyrite being an excellent microwave heater and sphalerite being an extremely poor microwave receptor). Chalcopyrite leaching has been carried out in ferric sulphate and ferric chloride under both microwave and conventional conditions. Conventionally, it was found that chalcopyrite dissolution in ferric sulphate seems to be limited by surface reaction control. More importantly, it has been shown that specific fracture planes on chalcopyrite particle surfaces experience selective leaching, which was revealed by SEM and ToF-SIMS surface analysis. The preferential attack on particular planes is speculated to be linked to different chemistry of some cleavage planes within the chalcopyrite crystal. In the ferric chloride system, however, it was found that cupric chloride, a reaction product of chalcopyrite with ferric sulphate, may play an important role in the dissolution process. Leaching of both chalcopyrite and sphalerite in ferric sulphate under microwave conditions has shown enhanced recoveries of metal values compared to that produced conventionally. It has been demonstrated that the enhanced copper recovery from chalcopyrite during microwave treatment is as a result of the selective heating of the mineral particles over the solution which was found to be highly lossy. In addition, it is suggested that high loss leaching solutions will develop a superheated layer close to the periphery of the reaction vessel (due to the small penetration depth) which creates localised heating compared to the bulk solution temperature. The enhanced recovery of zinc from sphalerite seems to occur as a result of only the presence of the superheated layer. If leaching takes place within this layer, an apparent rate increase will be noted with respect to the measured bulk temperature. The hypotheses of selective heating (for chalcopyrite) and the effect of penetration depth (for chalcopyrite and sphalerite) were supported by the negligible difference between the activation energy values under microwave and conventional conditions for both chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Furthermore, the measurements of dielectric properties of the leaching solutions have shown that such solutions are highly lossy and characterised by a penetration depth of an order of about 3 mm. Finally, numerical electromagnetic simulations showed that chalcopyrite particles could be heated selectively when micro-waved within highly lossy leaching solutions due to their high conductivity. It is concluded that the dielectric properties of both the solid and liquid phases, the dimensions of the reactor and the position of solid particles within the reactor determine the leaching outcome. More importantly, it is likely that the enhanced recoveries observed are not likely to be as a result of a so called "non-thermal microwave effect" but rather as a result of thermal effects.

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Tasa, Andrus. "Biological leaching of shales : black shale and oil shale /." Tartu : Tartu University Press, 1998. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/24619.

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Ayling, K. J. "Chloride leaching of complex sulphide minerals and recovery of copper using the C.E.E.R. cell." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253768.

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Crane, Martin John, University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College, and of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Geochemical studies of selected base metal minerals from the supergene zone." THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Crane_M.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/232.

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Acid leaching of different natural chrysocolla samples under ambient conditions demonstrated that the chemical and chrystallographic inhomogenity significantly affects the rate and that it is virtually impossible to use the mineral as a model for the kinetics of hydrometallurgical processing of copper ores.Dissolution experiments, stability diagrams,and X-ray powder diffraction studies are undertaken and studied in this research and results are given.It is found that a complete solid solution series exists in Nature with most tungstenian wulfenites and molybdenum stolzites containing a range of compositions. The first occurrence of a molybdenum stolzite from Broken Hill, Australia, which also contains small amounts of chromium is noted.Raman microprobe spectroscopy has proven to be a very quick and effective non-destructive method for semi-quantitative analysis of the wulfenite-stolzite and powellite-scheelite solid-solution series and in detecting very small amounts of substituted chromate in wulfenite, stolzite and anglesite
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Fowler, Terry-Ann. "Kinetics of the ferric sulphate leaching of sphalerite and sphalerite/pyrite mixtures : a study of the chemical leaching of base metal minerals under conditions similar to that of bio-leaching by thiobacilli." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21699.

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Bibliography: pages 98-105.
The work presented in this dissertation is an investigation of-the ferric leaching of zinc from sphalerite. A further aspect of this study was an investigation of the influence of pyrite on the dissolution rate of sphalerite due to possible galvanic interactions. This study is one component of a larger study of the sub-processes involved in the bioleaching of sulphide minerals in which the ferric leaching of the sulphide mineral is assumed to be a chemical step with the bacteria oxidising ferrous iron to ferric iron and elemental sulphur, if formed, to sulphate. The literature showed that two types of model have been used to describe the ferric leaching of the sphalerite. The first type was a shrinking-particle model in which there action was described by first order kinetics or an electrochemical mechanism. The second type included a mass transfer resistance in terms of a shrinking-core model described by half-order kinetics or a decaying diffusion coefficient. All four of these models were tested for their ability to predict published data for the ferric leaching of sphalerite. It was found that the models fitted the data for the initial period of a leach up to conversions of about 50%. However, no one of the models was found to be successful in predicting the data for prolonged leaching to high conversions.

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Ewart, D. Keith. "Studies on a moderately thermophilic mixed culture of bacteria and its application to the biooxidation of gold-bearing minerals." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389882.

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Shashikala, A. R. "Role Of Interfacial Phenomena In Bioprocessing Of Minerals Using Bacillus Polymyxa." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/246.

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In recent years there has been growing interest in bio-mineral processing due to its low operating costs and its application in processing lean-grade ores. Bioprocessing is a good alternative to conventional hydrometallurgy process in mineral processing. In recent times microorganisms have been used as surface modifiers in processes such as froth flotation and flocculation. The surface properties of microbes and minerals such as zeta potential and surface hydrophobicity play a major role in determining adhesion of microorganisms to minerals and hence, the efficiency of flocculation and flotation. These properties also depend on solution conditions such as pH and ionic strength. Adhesion of microorganisms to mineral surfaces can alter the surface properties of the minerals. Such surface modification imparting hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity is used in flocculation and flotation of fine particles. In this research work the effect of ionic strength and pH in deteraiining the surface properties and hence adhesion of the bacterium Bacillus polymyxa to minerals such as hematite, quartz and coal has been studied in detail. The effect of the ionic strength and pH on the electrokinetics of the minerals and bacteria and its subsequent effect on adhesion and flocculation were investigated in detail. Contact angle measurements along with the zeta potential results were used to calculate the interaction energies between the mineral and the microorganism to establish a mechanism for the interaction. The following major conclusions can be drawn from this study. Results indicate that increase in the ionic strength significantly changes the zeta potential of hematite and bacteria without varying the isoelectric point. Increase in the ionic strength caused very little change in the zeta potential of quartz and coal. The adhesion of bacterial cells on to the minerals was found to be dependent on pH, ionic strength and conditioning time. Adhesion of bacterial cells was found to be more on hematite and coal when compared to quartz. The adsorption isotherms of Bacillus polymyxa cells with respect to all the three minerals were found to obey Langmuir isotherm. Flocculation studies demonstrated that the settling rate of hematite and coal was enhanced in presence of bacterial cells and electrolyte. However quartz settled much slower under the same conditions indicating that the quartz particles are being dispersed. Thus, selective flocculation of hematite and coal is possible which can be used in separating them from quartz effectively. The different components of total interaction energy arising from Lifshitz-van der Waal forces, acid/base forces and electrostatic forces were calculated using the van Oss approach. Calculation of the components of the acid base free energy showed that coal and hematite were hydrophobic compared to quartz and the bacterium. From total interaction energy calculation based on the extended DLVO theory, hematite and coal were found to have a net negative interaction energy in acidic pH values and hence attractive forces are predominant. Quartz was found to have a net repulsive energy at all the pH values at low ionic strengths but increase in ionic strength the interaction energy become attractive. The AGLW values of quartz was found to be attractive which is probably responsible for bacterial adhesion onto quartz.

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Crane, Martin John. "Geochemical studies of selected base metal minerals from supergene zone /." View thesis, 2001. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030721.132607/index.html.

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Thesis (PhD) -- University of Western Sdyney, 2001.
"A thesis presented in accordance with the regulations governing the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney" "November 2001" Bibliography: leaves 249 - 254.

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Books on the topic "Leaching to minerals"

1

Lin, H. K. Ferric chloride leaching of the Delta sulfide ores and gold extraction from the leaching residue. Fairbanks, Alaska: Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, University of Alaska, 1988.

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A, Natarajan K. Microbes, minerals, and environment. Bangalore: Geological Survey of India, 1998.

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Donati, E. R. A preliminary discussion on some physicochemical aspects of bacterial leaching of sulfide minerals. S.l: s.n, 1990.

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Crocker, Laird. Lithium and its recovery from low-grade Nevada clays. Pgh. [i.e. Pittsburgh] Pa: United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Owusu, George. The Role of surfactants in the leaching of zinc sulphide minerals at temperatures above the melting point of sulphur. Vancouver, B.C: University of British Columbia, 1993.

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Byerly, Don W. Guidelines for handling excavated acid-producing materials. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 1990.

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Gana, Juanita. Análisis de la primera etapa del proyecto "Desarrollo de Procesos Biológicos y su Aplicación Industrial en la Lixiviación Bacteriana del Cobre de Minerales Chilenos". Santiago, Chile: Centro de Estudios del Cobre y la Minería, 1989.

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United States. Bureau of Land Management. Tonopah Resource Area. Final environmenal assessment: Smoky Valley common operation expansion. [Tonopah, Nev.]: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 1987.

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Taylor, Anita Ann. The application of mineral processing techniques prior to the hydrometallurgical leaching of autocatalysts. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1993.

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Solution mining: Leaching and fluid recovery of materials. 2nd ed. Australia: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Leaching to minerals"

1

Frutos, F. J. Garcia. "Bacterial Leaching of Minerals." In Mineral Processing and the Environment, 43–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2284-1_3.

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Turchkova, Anna G., Igor V. Pekov, Inna S. Lykova, Nikita V. Chukanov, and Vasiliy O. Yapaskurt. "Delhayelite: Ion Leaching and Ion Exchange." In Minerals as Advanced Materials II, 221–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20018-2_22.

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Li, Guojiang, Yongguang Luo, and Tingfang Xie. "Leaching Zinc from Crystallization Slag by Acid Leaching: Process Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 283–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_28.

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Martínez, Vicente Gonzáles, Isabel Hernández Martínez, M. Reyes Pérez, M. Pérez Labra, J. C. Juárez Tapia, Iván A. Reyes Domínguez, Mizraim Uriel Flores Guerrero, and Gustavo Urbano Reyes. "Leaching of Pre-Oxidated Pyrargyrite with Na2S2O5." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 651–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36628-5_64.

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Adeleke, A. A., A. N. Adebayo, B. O. Ibitoye, and K. E. Oluwabunmi. "Leaching Recovery of Silver from Used Radiographic Films." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 163–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72131-6_14.

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Ahn, Junmo, Jiajia Wu, and Jaeheon Lee. "Alternative Lixiviant for Copper Leaching from Chalcopyrite Concentrate." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1257–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_102.

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Liu, Wenying, and Giuseppe Granata. "The Effect of Aeration on Chalcocite Heap Leaching." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1353–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_110.

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Grogan, J., G. M. Martins, and C. G. Anderson. "Dezincing of Galvanized Steel by Sulfuric Acid Leaching." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1733–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_143.

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Worrell, Kymberley. "The Use of Diagnostic Leaching for Flotation Insight." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 2859–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95022-8_241.

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Halli, P., S. Jolivet, A. Klöfverskjöld, P. Latostenmaa, B. P. Wilson, and M. Lundström. "Leaching of Sb from TROF Furnace Doré Slag." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 43–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52192-3_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Leaching to minerals"

1

Owada, Hitoshi, Tomoko Ishii, Mayumi Takazawa, Hiroyasu Kato, Hiroyuki Sakamoto, and Masahito Shibata. "Modeling of Alteration Behavior on Blended Cementitious Materials." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59096.

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A “realistic alteration model” is needed for various cementitious materials. Hypothetical settings of mineral composition calculated based on the chemical composition of cement, such as Atkins’s model, have been used to estimate the alteration of cementitious material. However, model estimates for the concentration of certain elements such as Al and S in leachate have been different from experimental values. In a previous study, we created settings for a mineralogical alteration model by taking the initial chemical composition of cementitious materials from analysis results in experiments and applying their ratios to certain hydrated cement minerals, then added settings for secondary generated minerals in order to account for Ca leaching. This study of alteration estimates for ordinary portland cement (OPC) in groundwater showed that the change in Al and S concentrations in simulated leachate approached values for actual leachate[1]. In the present study, we develop an appropriate mineral alteration model for blended cementitious materials and conduct batch-type leaching experiments that use crushed samples of blast furnace slag cement (BFSC), silica cement (SC), and fly ash cement (FAC). The cement blends in these experiments used OPC blended with blast furnace slag of 70 wt.%, silica cement consisting of an amorphous silica fine powder of 20 wt.%, and fly ash of 30 wt.%. De-ionized water was used as the leaching solution. The solid-liquid ratios in the leaching tests were varied in order to simulate the alteration process of cement hydrates. The compositions of leachate and minerals obtained from leaching tests were compared with those obtained from models using hypothetical settings of mineral composition. We also consider an alteration model that corresponds to the diversity of these materials. As a result of applying the conventional OPC model to blended cementitious materials, the estimated Al concentration in the aqueous solution was significantly different from the measured concentration. We therefore propose an improved model that takes better account of Al behavior by using a more reliable initial mineral model for Al concentration in the solution.

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"The Soil Leaching of Minerals from Mae Moh, Lampang, Thailand." In International Conference on Chemical, Metallurgy and Material Science Engineering. Emirates Research Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/erpub.er815038.

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Jeong, Hyeryeong, Kongtae Ra, Jin-Young Choi, Kiseong Hyeong, and Chan-Min Yoo. "Leaching Patterns of Metal from Different Types of Sulfide Minerals." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1180.

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Liao, Wensheng, Yahui Tan, Limin Wang, and Jianhua Li. "Oxygen Used as an Oxidizer in Acid In-Situ Leach Uranium: From Theory to Practice." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60126.

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A typical sandstone uranium deposit, located in the Tuhar basin, was selected to compare the effect of oxygen as the oxidizer with that of hydrogen peroxide. Based on the feasibility study of oxygenation of ferrous and uranium minerals, batch leaching, pressure column leaching and field testing were carried through. The results of feasibility study and laboratory leaching indicate that ferrous ion is inaccessible to being oxidized by pressure oxygen in acidic solutions with pH 2–2.5, and oxygen can oxidize the uranium minerals. Recovery of uranium is proportional to the oxygen pressure. Additionally, the low concentrations of aluminium and ferric ion alleviate the potential precipitation of aluminum and iron significantly. The further field test confirmed the feasibility of oxygen in acid leach. Oxygen has some extent effects of increasing uranium level and considerable effects of anti-precipitation and clogging. In general, oxygen has better applicability in this deposit.

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Dahani, W., I. G. N. B. S. Jaksa, I. Marwanza, R. Kurniawati, and S. Subandrio. "The effect of pre-roasting on nickel extraction from limonite ore by acid leaching method." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS, MINERALS & POLYMER (MAMIP) 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0015935.

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Liao, Wensheng, Weimin Que, Liming Wang, and Zhiming Du. "Synergetic Oxidation in Alkaline In-Situ Leaching Uranium: A Preliminary Case Study." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16200.

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Abstract In alkaline in-situ leaching uranium, oxygen is the most common oxidizer with bicarbonate as a complexing agent. For those sandstone uranium deposits with strongly reductive capacity or complicated hydrogeological environment, the oxidation by oxygen is low efficiency. An efficient leaching method, therefore, is needed for these uranium deposits. In this study, a typical sandstone uranium deposit which characterizes with high TDS and high chloride content in groundwater and intractable uranium leach is selected to investigate the effects of synergetic oxidation by a strong oxidant with oxygen. Based on the research on batch leach, pressure leach and field trials, the oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) are tested. The results of pressure batch leach indicate that synergetic oxidization is achieved by NaDCC in oxygen leaching process. Leaching tests indicate that a minor oxidizer of NaDCC shows good synergetic oxidization with oxygen and leaching effects on uranium minerals. The results also demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide shows no oxidation effects when it is used as a single oxidant. While potassium permanganate shows good oxidation on uranium when it is used as a single oxidant, however, it leads inhibiting effects on oxygen oxidation on uranium minerals. The further field tests are conducted to study the synergetic effects of oxygen with and without sodium dichloroisocyanurate. The preliminary results indicate that a fast leach is observed by the composite oxidants in early stage while no synergetic leach is found after 200 days. Further studies should be conducted in laboratory experiments and pilot scale tests for its potential applications.

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Pastukhov, A. M., and S. Yu Skripchenko. "The effect of sulphide minerals on uranium oxidation state in in-situ leaching." In 3RD ELECTRONIC AND GREEN MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017 (EGM 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5002932.

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Amaya, T., A. Mukunoki, M. Shibuya, and Hiroshi Kodama. "Leaching of Iodide Ion From BiPbO2I Under Reducing Conditions." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1299.

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Abstract Radioactive wastes containing Iodine-129 are to be disposed of in Japan in an underground facility together with TRU wastes. Iodine-129 has a long half-life (1.6 × 107 y) and it is strongly adsorbed in the thyroid gland when it intrudes into the human body. The main chemical formulae of iodine in an alkaline solution are I− and IO3−, and these anion species are absorbed only to a very small extent on silicate minerals. Iodine-129, therefore, is one of the key nuclides to be studied in the geological disposal of radioactive wastes. Recently, a new inorganic ion-exchanger, BiPbO2NO3, has been developed which reacts with iodide ions in a solution by forming BiPbO2I (BPI). The leach resistance of BPI encapsulated in cement (BPIC) was studied in a solution under geological conditions. The leaching experiment was carried out in an inert glove box in which the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide were maintained at less than 1 ppm. Pure water was degassed 12 hours prior to use. Two kinds of solution were prepared: one was low salinity solution (RW), and the other was high salinity solution (SW). Leachants were prepared by adding a reductant (N2H4) to each solution and pH was adjusted to a fixed value. BPIC was mixed with the leachant in a plastic container. The container was shaken continuously at ambient temperature for six months. The concentrations of iodide ions, bismuth ions and lead ions in the leachant were analyzed periodically using ICP-AES. Limited numbers of iodide ions (2%–4%) were released from BPIC in the initial period of leaching, following which no additional release of iodide ion was observed for six months. No significant difference was observed in the X-ray diffraction patterns of BPI in BPIC before and after the experiment. These results indicate that iodine is fixed tightly in BPIC. A mechanism of the leaching resistance is discussed.

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Liao, Wen-sheng, Li-min Wang, Yi-xuan Yao, Guo-ping Jiang, Hai-jun Zhao, and Xin Huang. "Acid Stimulation Used in In-Situ Leaching Uranium." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29066.

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Acidization was studied on a uranium sandstone deposit in Inner Mongolia with low–permeability and heavy calcium cementation. Acid dissolving test indicates that hydrochloric acid, formic acid and mud acid can easily dissolve formation minerals. With proper volumes and concentrations of acids used, the risk of precipitation of reaction products could be minimized. Core flow acidizing trial shows that the acidic fluid systems of hydrochloride acid, formic acid or acetic acid can significantly improve the core permeability. The average permeability has increased by 763 percent for the above three systems. But mud acid didn’t increase the core permeability; on the contrary, it caused formation damage, and led to lowering permeability. In the pilot test, the injection rate has improved by 118 percent for 6 wells. The acid treatment results indicate that a significant production enhancement of wellfields can be achieved by acid stimulation.

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Behera, Sushanta Kumar, S. Chakraborty, and B. C. Meikap. "Upgradation of Low Grade Coal to High Quality Coal by Chemical Beneficiation Technique." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3057.

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Low rank or grade coals (LGC) are widely distributed over the world. Coal plays a vital role in the global energy demand especially through power generation and it mitigates the energy poverty. The major challenges by the utility of coal as regarding to energy security, a risk of climate change, and increasing of the energy demands are the main portfolio to develop the advanced technology for coal beneficiation. The gradual depletion of high quality coal and cost effective which become a significant issue for power generation while the low grade coals were served as low cost fuel and as an alternative energy security issue. In current research the low grade coal (>35% ash) has been upgraded to higher grade (<10%) by chemical cleaning method. The low grade coal was selected from Mahanadi Coalfields Limited, Odisha, India. Each test was conducted of 50 g coal (250 μm particle size) with 40% NaOH at 100 °C for 3 h and followed with 20% of H2O2, H2SO4, HCl, and HF acids at similar conditions. The research study revealed that ash content (mineral matter) of coal is reduced to >70% by NaOH followed HF treatment as compared to other solvents. The greater liberation of mineral results increases the ash reduction from low grade coal because mineral associated in the coal matrix may formed elution by the leaching effect. The greater extent of demineralization was caused due to the high affinity of OH− and F− with minerals in the coal matrix. The characterization of pre and post treatment coal and coal ash was investigated by the FESEM, XRF and XRD analysis. Overall the current research study challenges the chemical cleaning of low grade coal has been efficient techniques for reducing the minerals to a certain limit.

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