Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lead compounds

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Lead compounds'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Lead compounds"

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Golebiowski, Adam, Sean R. Klopfenstein, and David E. Portlock. "Lead compounds discovered from libraries." Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 5, no. 3 (June 2001): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-5931(00)00203-9.

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Zelikoff, J. T., J. H. Li, A. Hartwig, X. W. Wang, M. Costa, and T. G. Rossman. "Genetic toxicology of lead compounds." Carcinogenesis 9, no. 10 (1988): 1727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/9.10.1727.

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Wang, Yin, Yanjiao Xie, Wenlu Li, Zimeng Wang, and Daniel E. Giammar. "Formation of Lead(IV) Oxides from Lead(II) Compounds." Environmental Science & Technology 44, no. 23 (December 2010): 8950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es102318z.

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Putra, Masteria Yunovilsa, and Tutik Murniasih. "Marine soft corals as source of lead compounds for anti-inflammatories." Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 4, no. 1 (January 2016): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12980/jclm.4.2016j5-226.

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Bläsing, Marc, Maria Benito Abascal, Yoshihiko Ninomiya, and Michael Müller. "Partitioning of Lead and Lead Compounds under Gasification-Like Conditions." Energy & Fuels 32, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02803.

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Masood, M. Abid, Marc Bazin, Mark E. Bunnage, Andrew Calabrese, Mark Cox, Sally-Ann Fancy, Elizabeth Farrant, et al. "Lead Diversification 2: Application to P38, gMTP and lead compounds." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 22, no. 2 (January 2012): 1255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.033.

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Dahiya, Vinesh, Neeru Vasudeva, Sunil Sharma, Ashok Kumar, and David Rowley. "Lead Anti-Obesity Compounds from Nature." Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 10 (December 2, 2020): 1637–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871530320666200504092012.

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Background : Obesity has become a global issue, leading to increased risk of metabolic syndrome, which encompasses diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension, and certain cancers. However, obesity is difficult to control through diet and exercise alone, as they are difficult to implement. Objective: The objective of this review is to elucidate the active constituents that can be obtained from various natural sources that act as anti-obesity agents. Due to the global rise in the prevalence of obesity, an urgent need to prevent and control it has arisen. Methods: For this review, we compiled information about natural anti-obesity products through an electronic search of the articles available via PubMed, Scopus, and other internet sources for the period 1975-2019 and included our own research. We analyzed and organized data on various natural products in popular use in addition to relevant pharmacognostic and biological studies. The products’ mechanisms of action were also investigated. Conclusion: Consumption of diets that include high amounts of active anti-obesity natural compounds is a promising strategy for the suppression of lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in obese individuals.
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Ancheeva, Elena, Georgios Daletos, and Peter Proksch. "Lead Compounds from Mangrove-Associated Microorganisms." Marine Drugs 16, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16090319.

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The mangrove ecosystem is considered as an attractive biodiversity hotspot that is intensively studied in the hope of discovering new useful chemical scaffolds, including those with potential medicinal application. In the past two decades, mangrove-derived microorganisms, along with mangrove plants, proved to be rich sources of bioactive secondary metabolites as exemplified by the constant rise in the number of publications, which suggests the great potential of this important ecological niche. The present review summarizes selected examples of bioactive compounds either from mangrove endophytes or from soil-derived mangrove fungi and bacteria, covering the literature from 2014 to March 2018. Accordingly, 163 natural products are described in this review, possessing a wide range of potent bioactivities, such as cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, α-glucosidase inhibitory, protein tyrosine phosphatase B inhibitory, and antiviral activities, among others.
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Sagar, Sunil, Mandeep Kaur, and Kenneth P. Minneman. "Antiviral Lead Compounds from Marine Sponges." Marine Drugs 8, no. 10 (October 11, 2010): 2619–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md8102619.

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Bu, Ming, Burton B. Yang, and Liming Hu. "Natural Endoperoxides as Drug Lead Compounds." Current Medicinal Chemistry 23, no. 4 (February 4, 2016): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666151127200949.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lead compounds"

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Zhou, Hengrui, and 周恆瑞. "Synthesis and characterization of lead compounds in waste lead battery treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/212611.

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Gingras, Marc. "Fluorodemetalation reactions of organogermanium, -tin and lead compounds." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74226.

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Fluoride ions smoothly destannylate organotin oxides, sulfides and selenides to liberate highly nucleophilic species ("S$ sp{2-}$", RS$ sp-$, RO$ sp-$, RSe$ sp-$, etc.). Also, the first nucleophilic oxide "O$ sp{2-}$" and selenide "Se$ sp{2-}$" transfer agents are reported. The tin atom thus serves as a general "group 16 (VIB) transfer agent". In the presence of crown ethers or ammonium salts, this process results in a new way to generate "naked" nucleophiles. Novel anhydrous fluorinating systems (CsF and crown ethers) involving solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis have been designed and studied. In addition, C-C bond forming reactions have been investigated by fluorodestannylation. As an extension of these results, fluorodegermanylation and fluorodeplumbylation reactions are reported. As a generalization, fluoride ion demetalates the whole group 14 for releasing nucleophilic species. Some pentacoordinated intermediates have been observed by $ sp{19}$F and $ sp{119}$Sn NMR spectroscopy in fluorodestannylation, thus confirming the model of nucleophilic substitution at tin and silicon. Mechanistic aspects are discussed along with a possible metal proximity effect in the enhancement of the nucleophilicity of an anion. Finally, in the presence of silver salts, bis(tributyltin) oxide acts as a mild oxygen transfer agent in converting primary organic iodides and bromides to alcohols.
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Qiao, Boling. "Lead compounds for prion therapeutics from Chinese herbs." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445123.

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Afolayan, Omolola. "Discovery of antibacterial lead compounds from marine organisms." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7914.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Marine organisms including algae and bacteria are known to produce chemically diverse secondary metabolites for survival purposes in the marine environment. Scientists have identified some of these natural products as therapeutic agents including some antibiotics. Given the increase in the resistance of pathogenic microorganisms especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to commonly prescribed antibiotics, researchers have turned towards exploiting marine natural products for new antibacterial compounds. Due to the proven success of finding bioactive compounds in the marine environment this study therefore aims to discover lead compounds against MRSA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis from two marine sources, the marine algae and the bacteria associated with marine invertebrates referred to as bacterial isolates.
2024
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Zhao, Baoshu (Baoshu Eric). "Stabilization of Different Lead Compounds in Portland Cement." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278830/.

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Modibane, Kwena Desmond, and Guest. "Synthesis and photophysical properties of antimony and lead phthalocyanines." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005035.

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This work hereby presents the synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysical properties of newly synthesized lead (PbPc) and antimony (SbPc) phthalocyanines. The complexes are either unsubstituted or substituted at the peripheral and non-peripheral positions with phenoxy, 4-t-butylphenoxy and 4-benzyloxyphenoxy groups. The photophysical properties of these complexes were studied in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and chloroform as solvents. The fluorescence spectra for PbPc complexes were different to that of the excitation spectra due to demetallation upon excitation. On the other hand, the excitation spectra of oxidized antimony (Sb(V)Pc) derivatives were found to be similar to absorption spectra. High triplet quantum yields for PbPc and SbPc complexes ranging from 0.70 to 0.86, low triplet lifetimes (20–60 μs in DMSO, while they were <10 μs in the rest of the solvents) and low fluorescence quantum yields were observed and is attributed to the presence of heavy atoms (Pb and Sb ions). The nonlinear optical properties of PbPc complexes were studied in dimethylsulfoxide. The optical limiting threshold intensity (Ilim) for the PbPc derivatives were calculated and ranged from 2.1 to 6.8 W/cm2. The photodegradation studies of the PbPc and SbPc complexes synthesized showed that then are stable.
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Iyer, Ganesh R. "Role of intermetallics for both tin-lead and lead free solder structures and its solder pad combination." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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Freik, D. M., I. K. Yurchyshyn, L. Yo Mezhylovska, and Ya S. Yavorsky. "Thermoelectricity of Nanostructures Based on Compounds of Lead Telluride." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34878.

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The thermoelectric parameters have been investigated depending on the thickness of the layer of nanostructures PbTe doped by Bi. Based on the theoretical model of quantum well (QW) with infinitely high walls, it is demonstrated that this model explains nonmonotonous behaviour of the Seebeck coefficient S and electric conductivity σ with the change of the well width. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34878
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Zhu, Xiaoyu. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti-Malarial Compounds Based On an Open Source Lead." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/381517.

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Malaria infection is still considered a major global health problem. According to the WHO World Malaria Report 2017, 91 countries reported a total of 216 million cases of malaria in 2016, an increase of 5 million cases over 2015. Furthermore, the global malaria deaths in 2016 reached 445,000 deaths, which is approximately same number as was reported in 2015. There is a pressing need for new drugs because multiple drug resistance now exists, including artemisinin and various partner drugs. Owing to this situation, this MSc project focused on the potentially lead optimization of a spirochromanone compound (MMV085230) which constituted part of the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box. This unique source contains 400 diverse and drug-like molecules that are classified as open source. The Msc project aimed to synthesise analogues of MMV085230, fully characterise these compounds by spectroscopy methods, then test all analogues for in vitro antimalarial activity and analyse data for structure-activity relationships. Using 2-hydroxyacetophenone and its derivatives to react with 1-Boc-4-piperidone, various spirochromanes were formed. Following deprotection of the chromanone a number of isocyanates were used to synthesize a variety of ureas spirochromanone analogues. Furthermore, three spriochromanone allyl ureas were hydrogenated to give desired compounds. By using spectroscopy (NMR and MS) and chromatography (flash column and HPLC) techniques, twelve pure compounds were acquired for biological testing.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Science (MSc)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Carbonell, Abigail. "Identification of potential lead antimalarial compounds from marine microbial extracts." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/829.

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Malaria, caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum, has a long history as a global health threat. The vector-borne disease causes millions of deaths yearly, especially in developing countries with tropical climates that facilitate transmission. Compounding the problem is the emergence of drug-resistant strains due to overuse of outdated treatments. New compounds with antiplasmodial activity are needed to be developed as effective drugs against malaria. The hypothesis for this project is that marine microorganisms have a high likelihood of yielding novel antiplasmodial chemotypes because of their high diversity, which has not yet been explored for antimalarial development. In this project, microbes harvested and fermented by the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute in Fort Pierce, Florida were explored as sources for antiplasmodial natural products. Using a SYBR Green I fluorescence-based assay, 1,000 microbial extracts were screened for inhibition of the multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain Dd2. Dose-response analysis was performed on 46 fractions from isolates whose extracts demonstrated greater-than or equal to] 70% inhibition of Dd2 at 1 micro]g/mL. To evaluate cytotoxicity, the MTS cell viability assay was used to calculate IC50 of extracts from active isolates in NIH/3T3 embryonic mouse fibroblasts. Several extracts demonstrated low IC50 in Dd2 and high IC50 in 3T3, suggesting that they contain potential lead antimalarial compounds. Extracts with high selectivity indices (potent plasmodial inhibition with low mammalian toxicity) have been prioritized for dereplication, with the goal of identifying novel active components that can be developed as antimalarial drugs.
B.S.
Bachelors
Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences
Molecular Biology and Microbiology
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Books on the topic "Lead compounds"

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IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Inorganic and organic lead compounds. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2006.

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1943-, Harrison P. G., ed. Organometallic compounds of germanium, tin, and lead. London: Chapman and Hall, 1985.

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Harrison, P. G., ed. Organometallic Compounds of Germanium, Tin and Lead. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7170-8.

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International, Conference on the Organometallic and Coordination Chemistry of Germanium Tin and Lead (6th 1989 Brussels Belgium). Main group metal chemistry: Incorporating silicon, germanium, tin and lead compounds. London: Freund, 1989.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, ed. Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of lead and lead compounds. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1998.

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Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratory. Lead and inorganic compounds of lead in air: Laboratory method using atomic absorptionspectrometry. Bootle: Health and Safety Executive, 1987.

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Rappoport, Zvi, ed. The Chemistry of Organic Germanium, Tin and Lead Compounds. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470857188.

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Patai, Saul, ed. The Chemistry of Organic Germanium, Tin and Lead Compounds. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470857242.

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Saul, Patai, and Rappoport Zvi, eds. The chemistry of organic germanium, tin, and lead compounds. New York: Wiley, 1995.

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Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratory. Lead and inorganic compounds of lead in air: Laboratory method using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Bootle: Health and Safety Executive, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lead compounds"

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Schoenung, Julie M. "Lead Compounds." In Ceramic and Glass Materials, 151–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73362-3_9.

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Macintyre, J. E. "Pb Lead." In Dictionary of Organometallic Compounds, 260–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6847-6_37.

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MacIntyre, Jane E. "Pb Lead." In Dictionary of Organometallic Compounds, 176–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6848-7_40.

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Macintyre, J. E., F. M. Daniel, D. J. Cardin, S. A. Cotton, R. J. Cross, A. G. Davies, R. S. Edmundson, et al. "Pb Lead." In Dictionary of Organometallic Compounds, 143. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4966-3_41.

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Nagy, Zoltán. "Pb—Lead." In Electrochemical Synthesis of Inorganic Compounds, 358–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0545-1_49.

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Harrison, P. G. "Pb Lead." In Organometallic Compounds of Germanium, Tin and Lead, 41–68. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7170-8_2.

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Azam, Amir, and Subhash Mohan Agarwal. "Heterocyclic Lead Compounds Against Amebiasis." In Amebiasis, 565–81. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55200-0_33.

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Mihailović, Mihailo Lj, Živorad Čeković, and Ljubinka Lorenc. "Oxidations with Lead Tetraacetate." In Organic Syntheses by Oxidation with Metal Compounds, 741–816. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2109-5_14.

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Huber, F., and K. Grätz. "From Lead(II) Compounds with Organoalkali Reagents." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 214. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145258.ch67.

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Jenne, Andreas. "Conversion of Aptamers into Small-Molecule Lead Compounds." In The Aptamer Handbook, 311–23. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527608192.ch14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lead compounds"

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Dyussembayeva, Kulyash. "THE INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF GOLD WITH LEAD." In 13th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/ba1.v2/s04.016.

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Pietrikova, Alena, Juraj Durisin, Jan Urbancik, and Juraj Bansky. "Analysis of intermetallic compounds in lead-free solders." In 2009 32nd International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology (ISSE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2009.5207047.

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Hájková, V., L. Juha, P. Boháček, T. Burian, J. Chalupský, L. Vyšín, J. Gaudin, et al. "X-ray laser-induced ablation of lead compounds." In SPIE Optics + Optoelectronics, edited by Libor Juha, Saša Bajt, and Richard A. London. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.890134.

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Daminov, A. S., K. E. Spirin, and Yu M. Yukhin. "HYDROMETALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF LEAD BISMUTHINE WITH THE FORMATION OF HIGH-PURITY COMPOUNDS OF LEAD AND BISMUTH." In XVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "METALLURGY OF NON-FERROUS, RARE AND NOBLE METALS" named after corresponding member of the RAS Gennady Leonidovich PASHKOVA. Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/sfu.mnfrpm.2023.266-274.

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The compounds of lead and bismuth are extensively used in various areas of modern technologies. The initial raw material for obtaining these compounds are pure metals: lead of C2 grade (not less than 99% Pb) and bismuth of Vi1 grade (not less than 98% Bi).
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Correia-da-Silva, Marta, Ana Rita Neves, Cátia Vilas-Boas, Joana Almeida, Vitor Vasconcelos, Madalena Pinto, and Emília Sousa. "Lead optimization in the search for new antifouling compounds." In 6th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2020-07455.

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Porter, Jacob. "A pharmacophore hypothesis and computationally optimized lead compounds for VKORC1." In 2017 IEEE 7th International Conference on Computational Advances in Bio- and Medical Sciences (ICCABS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccabs.2017.8114307.

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Fahim, Abdullah, Sudan Ahmed, Jeffrey C. Suhling, and Pradeep Lall. "Nanomechanical Characterization of Intermetallic Compounds in Lead Free Solder Joints." In 2018 IEEE 68th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2018.00355.

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"Searching for bioactive drug lead compounds from natural humic substances." In Seventh International Conference on Humic Innovative Technologies "Humic substances and technologies for resilience" (HIT – 2022). NP CBR "Humus Sapiens", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36291/hit.2022.071.

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Ford, Michael, Richard Jones, Ravi Amunugama, Danette Daniels, Rachel Ohana, Sergiy Levin, Thomas Kirkland, Marjeta Urh, and Keith Wood. "Abstract C158: A chemoproteomics strategy for target identification and lead compound optimization using chloroalkane derivatized compounds." In Abstracts: AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; November 5-9, 2015; Boston, MA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.targ-15-c158.

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Raj, Ganesh V., Xihui Liu, Dede Ekoue, Jung-Mo Ahn, and Ratna Vadlamudi. "Abstract 26: Development of potent lead compounds in multiple tumor types." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-26.

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Reports on the topic "Lead compounds"

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Perez-Acle, Tomas. Development of Lead Compounds as Fusion Inhibitors for Dengue Virus. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada604418.

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Eskay, T. P., P. F. Britt, and A. C. III Buchanan. Pyrolysis of simple coal model compounds containing aromatic carboxylic acids: Does decarboxylation lead to cross-linking? Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/197833.

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Stromer, Bobbi, Rebecca Crouch, Katrinka Wayne, Ashley Kimble, Jared Smith, and Anthony Bednar. Methods for simultaneous determination of 29 legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil-sediment, and tissue matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/1168142105.

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Standard methods are in place for analysis of 17 legacy munitions compounds and one surrogate in water and soil matrices; however, several insensitive munition (IM) and degradation products are not part of these analytical procedures. This lack could lead to inaccurate determinations of munitions in environmental samples by either not measuring for IM compounds or using methods not designed for IM and other legacy compounds. This work seeks to continue expanding the list of target analytes currently included in the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 8330B. This technical report presents three methods capable of detecting 29 legacy, IM, and degradation products in a single High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with either ultraviolet (UV)-visible absorbance detection or mass spectrometric detection. Procedures were developed from previously published works and include the addition of hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX); hexahydro-1,3-dinitroso-5-nitro-1,3,5-triazine (DNX); hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX); 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DANT); and 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,6-DANT). One primary analytical method and two secondary (confirmation) methods were developed capable of detecting 29 analytes and two surrogates. Methods for high water concentrations (direct injection), low-level water concentrations (solid phase extraction), soil (solvent extraction), and tissue (solvent extraction) were tested for analyte recovery of the new compounds.
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Elmann, Anat, Orly Lazarov, Joel Kashman, and Rivka Ofir. therapeutic potential of a desert plant and its active compounds for Alzheimer's Disease. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7597913.bard.

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We chose to focus our investigations on the effect of the active forms, TTF and AcA, rather than the whole (crude) extract. 1. To establish cultivation program designed to develop lead cultivar/s (which will be selected from the different Af accessions) with the highest yield of the active compounds TTF and/or achillolide A (AcA). These cultivar/s will be the source for the purification of large amounts of the active compounds when needed in the future for functional foods/drug development. This task was completed. 2. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuronal vulnerability to oxidative stress in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants.Compounds were tested in N2a neuroblastoma cell line. In addition, we have tested the effects of TTF and AcA on signaling events promoted by H₂O₂ in astrocytes and by β-amyloid in neuronal N2a cells. 3. To determine the effect of the Af extract, TTF and AcA on neuropathology (amyloidosis and tau phosphorylation) in cultured neurons expressing FAD-linked mutants. 4. To determine the effect of A¦ extract, AcA and TTF on FAD-linked neuropathology (amyloidosis, tau phosphorylation and inflammation) in transgenic mice. 5. To examine whether A¦ extract, TTF and AcA can reverse behavioral deficits in APPswe/PS1DE9 mice, and affect learning and memory and cognitive performance in these FAD-linked transgenic mice. Background to the topic.Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, glutamate toxicity and amyloid beta (Ab) toxicity are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's diseases. We have previously purified from Achilleafragrantissimatwo active compounds: a protective flavonoid named 3,5,4’-trihydroxy-6,7,3’-trimethoxyflavone (TTF, Fl-72/2) and an anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenelactone named achillolide A (AcA). Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. In this study we could show that TTF and AcA protected cultured astrocytes from H₂O₂ –induced cell death via interference with cell signaling events. TTF inhibited SAPK/JNK, ERK1/2, MEK1 and CREBphosphorylation, while AcA inhibited only ERK1/2 and MEK1 phosphorylation. In addition to its protective activities, TTF had also anti-inflammatory activities, and inhibited the LPS-elicited secretion of the proinflammatorycytokinesInterleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1b from cultured microglial cells. Moreover, TTF and AcA protected neuronal cells from glutamate and Abcytotoxicity by reducing the glutamate and amyloid beta induced levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and via interference with cell signaling events induced by Ab. These compounds also reduced amyloid precursor protein net processing in vitro and in vivo in a mouse model for Alzheimer’s disease and improvedperformance in the novel object recognition learning and memory task. Conclusion: TTF and AcA are potential candidates to be developed as drugs or food additives to prevent, postpone or ameliorate Alzheimer’s disease. Implications, both scientific and agricultural.The synthesis ofAcA and TTF is very complicated. Thus, the plant itself will be the source for the isolation of these compounds or their precursors for synthesis. Therefore, Achilleafragrantissima could be developed into a new crop with industrial potential for the Arava-Negev area in Israel, and will generate more working places in this region.
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5

Fait, Aaron, Grant Cramer, and Avichai Perl. Towards improved grape nutrition and defense: The regulation of stilbene metabolism under drought. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594398.bard.

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The goals of the present research proposal were to elucidate the physiological and molecular basis of the regulation of stilbene metabolism in grape, against the background of (i) grape metabolic network behavior in response to drought and of (ii) varietal diversity. The specific objectives included the study of the physiology of the response of different grape cultivars to continuous WD; the characterization of the differences and commonalities of gene network topology associated with WD in berry skin across varieties; the study of the metabolic response of developing berries to continuous WD with specific attention to the stilbene compounds; the integration analysis of the omics data generated; the study of isolated drought-associated stress factors on the regulation of stilbene biosynthesis in plantaand in vitro. Background to the topic Grape quality has a complex relationship with water input. Regulated water deficit (WD) is known to improve wine grapes by reducing the vine growth (without affecting fruit yield) and boosting sugar content (Keller et al. 2008). On the other hand, irregular rainfall during the summer can lead to drought-associated damage of fruit developmental process and alter fruit metabolism (Downey et al., 2006; Tarara et al., 2008; Chalmers et al., 792). In areas undergoing desertification, WD is associated with high temperatures. This WD/high temperature synergism can limit the areas of grape cultivation and can damage yields and fruit quality. Grapes and wine are the major source of stilbenes in human nutrition, and multiple stilbene-derived compounds, including isomers, polymers and glycosylated forms, have also been characterized in grapes (Jeandet et al., 2002; Halls and Yu, 2008). Heterologous expression of stilbenesynthase (STS) in a variety of plants has led to an enhanced resistance to pathogens, but in others the association has not been proven (Kobayashi et al., 2000; Soleas et al., 1995). Tomato transgenic plants harboring a grape STS had increased levels of resveratrol, ascorbate, and glutathione at the expense of the anthocyanin pathways (Giovinazzo et al. 2005), further emphasizing the intermingled relation among secondary metabolic pathways. Stilbenes are are induced in green and fleshy parts of the berries by biotic and abiotic elicitors (Chong et al., 2009). As is the case for other classes of secondary metabolites, the biosynthesis of stilbenes is not very well understood, but it is known to be under tight spatial and temporal control, which limits the availability of these compounds from plant sources. Only very few studies have attempted to analyze the effects of different environmental components on stilbene accumulation (Jeandet et al., 1995; Martinez-Ortega et al., 2000). Targeted analyses have generally shown higher levels of resveratrol in the grape skin (induced), in seeded varieties, in varieties of wine grapes, and in dark-skinned varieties (Gatto et al., 2008; summarized by Bavaresco et al., 2009). Yet, the effect of the grape variety and the rootstock on stilbene metabolism has not yet been thoroughly investigated (Bavaresco et al., 2009). The study identified a link between vine hydraulic behavior and physiology of stress with the leaf metabolism, which the PIs believe can eventually lead to the modifications identified in the developing berries that interested the polyphenol metabolism and its regulation during development and under stress. Implications are discussed below.
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6

Gurevitz, Michael, William A. Catterall, and Dalia Gordon. Learning from Nature How to Design Anti-insect Selective Pesticides - Clarification of the Interacting Face between Insecticidal Toxins and their Na-channel Receptors. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7697101.bard.

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Structural details on the interacting faces of toxins and sodium channels (Navs), and particularly identification of elements that confer specificity for insects, are difficult to approach and require suitable experimental systems. Therefore, natural toxins capable of differential recognition of insect and mammalian Navs are valuable leads for design of selective compounds in insect control. We have characterized several scorpion toxins that vary in preference for insect and mammalian Navs, and identified residues important for their action. However, despite many efforts worldwide, only little is known about the receptor sites of these toxins, and particularly on differences between these sites on insect and mammalian Navs. Another problem arises from the massive overuse of chemical insecticides, which increases resistance buildup among various insect pests. A possible solution to this problem is to combine different insecticidal compounds, especially those that provide synergic effects. Our recent finding that combinations of insecticidal receptor site-3 toxins (sea anemone and scorpion alpha) with scorpion beta toxins or their truncated derivatives are synergic in toxicity to insects is therefore timely and strongly supports this approach. Our ability to produce toxins and various Navs in recombinant forms, enable thorough analysis and structural manipulations of both toxins and receptors. On this basis we propose to (1) restrict by mutagenesis the activity of insecticidal scorpion -toxins and sea anemone toxins to insects, and clarify the molecular basis of their synergic toxicity with antiinsect selective -toxins; (2) identify Nav elements that interact with scorpion alpha and sea anemone toxins and those that determine toxin selectivity to insects; (3) determine toxin-channel pairwise side-chain interactions by thermodynamic mutant cycle analysis using our large collection of mutant -toxins and Nav mutants identified in aim 2; (4) clarify the mode of interaction of truncated -toxins with insect Navs, and elucidate how they enhance the activity of insecticidal site-3 toxins. This research may lead to rational design of novel anti-insect peptidomimetics with minimal impact on human health and the environment, and will establish the grounds for a new strategy in insect pest control, whereby a combination of allosterically interacting compounds increase insecticidal action and reduce risks of resistance buildup.
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Olsen. PR-179-10201-R01 Characterization of Lubricating Oil Carry Over in a 2-Stroke LB NG Engine. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010748.

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This project is driven by concerns over excessive cylinder lubrication in large bore two-stroke cycle natural gas engines. Excessive cylinder lubrication can lead to: (1) Increased operating costs due to high lubricating oil consumption, (2) Poisoning of catalytic converters, and (3) Increased pollutant emissions. These concerns can be addressed by reexamining lubrication rates and exploring advanced lubrication techniques. Catalyst poisoning and increased pollutant emissions occur when a portion of the cylinder lubricating oil in some form is passed through the cylinder and into the exhaust system. The lubricating oil may carry over into the exhaust system unchanged, or it may react to form other compounds. In this work the focus is on identifying the scope of the problem associated with cylinder lubricating oil carryover into the exhaust system.
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8

Vianco, P. T., A. C. Kilgo, and R. Grant. Intermetallic compound layer growth kinetics in non-lead bearing solders. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/46705.

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9

Lewan. PR-389-114503-R01 Leak Prevention in CO2 Pipeline Valves and Launches By Correct Seal Material Selection. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010086.

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Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI) required guidelines for pipeline valve stem seals in CO2 rich applications such as for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and carbon capture and storage (CCS). In particular, guidance was needed to ascertain when standard O-rings may be used, when a switch to rapid gas decompression (RGD) resistant O-rings is recommended and when O-rings should be replaced by more robust energized lip seals and/or by more robust seal materials. The guidelines would interface with both NORSOK M 710 Rev. 3 and ISO 23936-2, and give specific details on procedures, steps and decisions that have to be taken when attempting to qualify seals for dense phase CO2 use. In order to develop these guidelines, two well established sealing compounds having proven RGD resistance were selected for study, along with two materials which were not known for their RGD resistance. RGD testing was performed on housed O-rings of each compound using 4 different gas compositions that cover an appropriate range of field conditions for CO2 applications.
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Clausen, Jay, Richard Hark, Russ Harmon, John Plumer, Samuel Beal, and Meghan Bishop. A comparison of handheld field chemical sensors for soil characterization with a focus on LIBS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43282.

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Commercially available handheld chemical analyzers for forensic applications have been available for over a decade. Portable systems from multiple vendors can perform X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and recently laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Together, we have been exploring the development and potential applications of a multisensor system consisting of XRF, Raman, and LIBS for environmental characterization with a focus on soils from military ranges. Handheld sensors offer the potential to substantially increase sample throughput through the elimination of transport of samples back to the laboratory and labor-intensive sample preparation procedures. Further, these technologies have the capability for extremely rapid analysis, on the order of tens of seconds or less. We have compared and evaluated results from the analysis of several hundred soil samples using conventional laboratory bench top inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for metals evaluation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Raman spectroscopy for detection and characterization of energetic materials against handheld XRF, LIBS, and Raman analyzers. The soil samples contained antimony, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc as well as energetic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), nitroglycerine (NG), and dinitrotoluene isomers (DNT). Precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of the handheld field sensor technologies were compared against conventional laboratory instrumentation to determine their suitability for field characterization leading to decisional outcomes.
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