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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lead pollution

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Academic literature on the topic 'Lead pollution'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Lead pollution"

1

Gan, Gui Sheng, Chang Hua Du, and Chun Tian Li. "Design of Lead-Free Solders and Pollution Control of Lead." Advanced Materials Research 881-883 (January 2014): 1435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.1435.

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Due to increase refined lead production and slow industrialization of lead-free solders, hazard of lead to human and environment still existed. Based on pollutions of lead depending on the volatility and the solubility of lead, the new ways to prevent and reduce the pollution of lead were put forward. The lead content in lead-solders could be reduced appropriately and the dense surface film could be formed by micro-alloying in the view of material for reducing the pollution. Low soldering temperature and the optimal soldering process or equipment could also be taken to reduce the pollution of

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Nabla.T. "Pollutions Lead To Increase In Diseases." Journal of Research & Development' 14, no. 20 (2022): 47–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7524865.

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Environmental pollution is a major concern in developing countries of the world, especially in Nigeria. This Issue of pollution is a terrible negative vibe or influence on all the living things and the environment. Pollution Of the environment via air, land and water by human activities is detrimental to the existence of all living things Within the society which is not an acceptable development at all. Air pollution is caused by several factors such As emission from motor vehicles, industrial activities, volcanic eruption, emitting poisonous, forest fire, Deforestation, bush burning and cosmi

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Foner, H. A. "Lead Pollution in Israel." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (1993): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0558.

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The lead content of petrol used in Israel has been steadily decreasing over the past few years from 0.42 g/litre to 0.15 g/litre. Unleaded petrol has also been introduced. Blood lead levels measured in Israel suggest that some children may be above the 10 µg/dl threshold now considered to be hazardous. The lead contents of soils, food crops, water, and air in Israel are generally low compared with those in other developed countries, but measurements indicate that lead is still being added to surface soils. Further work in areas with heavy traffic shows that the reduced Pb level in petrol has s

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Erel, Yigal, Tamar Axelrod, Alain Veron, Yitzak Mahrer, Petros Katsafados, and Uri Dayan. "Transboundary Atmospheric Lead Pollution." Environmental Science & Technology 36, no. 15 (2002): 3230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es020530q.

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Mason, Chloë. "Lead and Pollution-an overview." Australian Journal of Public Health 17, no. 4 (2010): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1993.tb00156.x.

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Weiss, Dominik, William Shotyk, and Oliver Kempf. "Archives of Atmospheric Lead Pollution." Naturwissenschaften 86, no. 6 (1999): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050612.

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D., G. GAJGHATE, THAKRE REKHA, and L. AGGARWAL A. "Strategic Considerations for Lead Pollution Control in Kanpur City." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 75, May 1998 (1998): 293–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5927082.

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Air Pollution Control Division, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur-440 020 <em>Manuscript received 13 August 1997, accepted 28 August 1997</em> This paper deals with the lead pollution control strategies in the perspective of ambient pollution profile for the year 1991-92. Lead is monitored in ambient air for Kanpur at three locations : industrial, commercial and residential, deploying atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The ambient lead level for a typical inland industrial/commercial city is discussed here based on seasonal variations, monthly averages

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Bennett, M. "Lead and lead poisoning in antiquity." Atmospheric Environment (1967) 20, no. 5 (1986): 1071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(86)90302-1.

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Charkiewicz, Angelika Edyta, and Jeffrey R. Backstrand. "Lead Toxicity and Pollution in Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12 (2020): 4385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124385.

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Background: Human exposure to lead can occur in a variety of ways, all of which involve exposure to potentially toxic elements as environmental pollutants. Lead enters the body via ingestion and inhalation from sources such as soil, food, lead dust and lead in products of everyday use and in the workplace. The aim of this review is to describe the toxic effects of lead on the human body from conception to adulthood, and to review the situation regarding lead toxicity in Poland. Results: Pb is very dangerous when it is absorbed and accumulates in the main organs of the body, where it can cause

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Gulson, Brian L., Leslie Ah Yui, and Donald Howarth. "Delayed visual maturation and lead pollution." Science of The Total Environment 224, no. 1-3 (1998): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(98)00349-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lead pollution"

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Klaminder, Jonatan. "The fate of airborne lead pollution in boreal forest soils." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-631.

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El-Rais, Mahmoud Abdussamad. "Determination of cadmium and lead in the ppb range by atomic absorption." Thesis, University of Salford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360479.

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Rivas-Urraca, Cristina. "Environmental speciation of tin and lead by HPLC-ICP-MS." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/459.

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New methodologies have been developed for the determination of organotin and organolead compounds in environmental samples. Several high performance liquid chromatographic separations of organotin compounds have been tested and the best system (cation-exchange chromatography with methanol and a citrate buffer) employed for the determination of tributyltin (TBT), triphenyltin (TPhT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) in environmental samples. The coupling between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLQ and the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for this application

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Flory, Quentin M. "Phytoremediation of a lead contaminated soil by selected green plants." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1294243.

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As human populations grow worldwide, there is an increasing need to address the problems associated with the creation and disposal of wastes. Although a variety of recent technologies have been shown to be somewhat effective in the remediation of metal contaminated soils, e.g., chemical extraction and stabilization, they are often expensive and labor-intensive. Additionally, these technologies can impart detrimental effects on the chemical and physical properties of the soil under treatment. As an alternative, the less expensive, more environmentally benign use of green plants as tools for the

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Eastwood, Ian Wynne. "Pollution of soils by lead and its uptake and pathways in the ecosystem." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1987. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/19593/.

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The thesis reviews literature relating to lead in the environment with particular reference to the distribution and pathways of lead in the soil and plant ecosystem. Methods of conducting large area soil surveys and assessing the distribution of lead and other heavy metals including cadmium, copper and zinc are also examined. A survey was conducted over a 370 km2 area of North East Derbyshire, England. Maps showing the distribution of the metals reveal anomalously high concentrations related in many instances to past industrial activity. A simple reliable and rapid acid digestion procedure was

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Benkhayal, A. A. "Determination of some metals in mineralogical and environmental samples with particular reference to lead and zinc." Thesis, University of Salford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234588.

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Hee, Calvin K. "Field scale phytoremediation trials of lead and cadmium-contaminated soil." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1314328.

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There is an ever-increasing need to address problems associated with the creation and disposal of wastes which result from human activities. Pb and Cd contamination is a common problem at many abandoned and uncontrolled commercial and industrial sites. Phytoremediation is one technology that can be employed to remove metals such as Pb from the soil. This study investigated the effectiveness of several plant and soil treatments on the uptake and retention of Pb and Cd by vegetation from contaminated soil at a Superfund site. Field plots were established and plant treatments included a mixture o

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Mager, Edward Michael. "Interactions Between Water Chemistry and Waterborne Lead Exposure to Freshwater Organisms." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/666.

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This dissertation characterizes the influences of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of lead (Pb) to two of the long-standing sentinel test organisms commonly employed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and daphnid (Ceriodaphnia dubia), for parameterization of an acute Pb Biotic Ligand Model (BLM). In addition, a toxicogenomic approach was employed to identify genes that might serve as molecular markers of Pb exposure and long-term effects, as well as provide new insights as to the underlying toxic mechanisms of chronic Pb

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Cartró-Sabaté, Mar. "Amazo’n’oil: exposure to oil and lead for Amazonian wildlife." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664263.

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Los impactos de las actividades petroleras en los ecosistemas y las poblaciones humanas de los bosques tropicales apenas se han evaluado, aunque aproximadamente el 30% de los bosques tropicales del mundo se superponen con reservas de hidrocarburos. Esta tesis doctoral tiene por objetivo explorar uno de los impactos potenciales de la actividad petrolera en los bosques tropicales que aún no había sido estudiado: la ingesta de suelos y agua contaminados por petróleo por parte de la fauna amazónica. Los pobladores indígenas que habitan una concesión petrolera remota en la Amazonía peruana fueron

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Cutajar, Josephine-Anne. "Characterisation of aerosols using carbon and lead stable isotopes and trace elements." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339859.

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Books on the topic "Lead pollution"

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, ed. Locating and estimating air emissions from sources of lead and lead compounds. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1998.

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MacNeill, Margaret R. Oil motion during lead closure. Esso Resources Canada Limited, Research Dept., 1987.

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J, Peryea Frank, State of Washington Water Research Center., and United States. Dept. of the Interior., eds. Solubility of lead in lead arsenate-contaminated soils. Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University?], 1994.

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Farmer, Penny. Lead pollution from motor vehicles 1974-86: A select bibliography. Published in association with Technical Communications by Elsevier Applied Science, 1987.

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Russell, Armistead, and Jonathan Samet. CASAC review of EPA's white paper, "approach for the development of a new federal reference method (FRM) for lead in total suspended particulates (Pb-TSP)". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of the Administrator, Science Advisory Board, Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, 2010.

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Peryea, Frank J. Leaching of lead and arsenic in soils contaminated with lead arsenate pesticide residues. Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 1989.

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7

Group, Allied Technology, ed. Risk management assessment: Lead-based paint contamination in soil : Presidio of San Francisco. Allied Technology Group, Inc., 1997.

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8

1940-, Yang Raymond Shih-hsien, Elias Robert W, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, eds. Chemical mixtures: Lead model validation. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 1998.

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9

Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Lead in Soil Committee. Review and recommendations on a lead in soil guideline. The Ministry, 1987.

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10

Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission., ed. Airborne pollution load to the Baltic Sea, 1986-1990. Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission, Helsinki Commission, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lead pollution"

1

Steinnes, Eiliv. "Lead." In Environmental Pollution. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4470-7_14.

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Tripathi, Neha G. "Plastic Waste Crisis: How Smart Cities Can Lead the Change." In Plastic Pollution. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5528-8_10.

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Hettelingh, Jean-Paul, Gudrun Schütze, Wim de Vries, et al. "Critical Loads of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury and Their Exceedances in Europe." In Environmental Pollution. Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1_21.

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Godbold, D. L., E. Fritz, and A. Hüttermann. "Lead Contents and Distribution in Spruce Roots." In Air Pollution and Ecosystems. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4003-1_110.

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Gamo, Toshitaka. "Anthropogenic Lead Pollution in the Ocean." In Human Geoscience. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9224-6_21.

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Naik, Milind M., and S. K. Dubey. "Lead- and Mercury-Resistant Marine Bacteria and Their Application in Lead and Mercury Bioremediation." In Marine Pollution and Microbial Remediation. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1044-6_3.

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Ristić, Mirjana, Aleksandra Perić-Grujić, Davor Antanasijević, Milica Ristić, Mira Aničić Urošević, and Milica Tomašević. "Plants as Monitors of Lead Air Pollution." In Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02387-8_8.

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Hall, Jane, Edward Tipping, Stephen Lofts, Michael Ashmore, and Laura Shotbolt. "Critical Loads and Critical Limits of Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc and Their Exceedances for Terrestrial Ecosystems in the United Kingdom." In Environmental Pollution. Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9508-1_20.

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Kochubovski, Mihail. "Blood-Lead Levels in Schoolchildren from Veles, Related to the Ambient Air Pollution by Lead." In Exposure and Risk Assessment of Chemical Pollution — Contemporary Methodology. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2335-3_27.

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Glavac, V., H. Koenies, H. Jochheim, and R. Heimerich. "Relief Effects on the Deposition of Air Pollutants in Forest Stands — Lead Deposition as an Example." In Air Pollution and Ecosystems. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4003-1_53.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lead pollution"

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Baloșin, Ionel, Constantin Florescu, Marius Criveanu, and Iulian Ştefan. "Considerations Regarding Navigation Events Occurring on the Romanian Section of the Danube." In Advances in Engineering and Management. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-gifl5v.

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The paper presents statistics of navigation events occurring on the Romanian sector of the Danube, in general and focused on those whose consequences represented a potential danger of pollution of the Danube water.The information presented and analysed shall be based on publicly available information provided and made available by the relevant competent authorities.The large amount of cargo transported per transport unit (approximately 1000 tons) can cause pollution with the most adverse consequences for the marine environment, but also for live animals and vegetation in the event of a navigat

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Valujeva, Kristine, Jovita Pilecka-Ulcugaceva, Sindija Liepa, Oskars Purmalis, and Inga Grinfelde. "ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION IN SNOW SAMPLES COLLECTED AT VARIOUS DISTANCES FROM ROAD SECTIONS: CASE STUDY JELGAVA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s19.49.

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The increasing flow of traffic passing through cities on a daily basis, especially those cities that have a difficult situation with bypass, raises concerns about the air quality in sections of the transport corridors, as well as in the city as a whole. Heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental concern, especially in urban and suburban areas where vehicle emissions contribute to air and soil pollution. The aim of the study is to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination in snow samples collected at different distances from roads in different areas of the city. Snow samples were col

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Procopio, Leo, Justin Gimbal, Dhara Metla, and Paul Doll. "Waterborne Functional Coatings: Combatting Noise, Heat and Air Pollution." In SSPC 2016 Greencoat. SSPC, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2016-00057.

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Abstract Coatings are constantly being asked to go to greater extremes, such as lower VOC and higher performance. This paper will discuss coating technologies that are being asked to go beyond the typical protective and aesthetic aspects of coatings, and offer other functions. Several types of waterborne functional coatings will be described, including technologies for combating noise, heat, and air pollutants. Specially designed waterborne acrylic coatings are being used to dampen substrate vibrations that lead to noise, and rely on the viscoelastic properties of the coating to perform their

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Baloșin, Ionel, Constantin Florescu, Marius Criveanu, and Iulian Ştefan. "Considerations Regarding Pollution Sources and their Effects on the Romanian Sector of the Danube." In Advances in Engineering and Management. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-p7izkx.

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The Danube River is the most valuable ecosystem in the European natural environment. One third of the surface of the basin and half of the length of the navigable course is found on the territory of Romania. The paper aims to identify the sources of pollution existing on the Romanian sector of the Danube and the effects produced by them with an impact on altering the quality of the Danube water. The data submitted are prepared on the basis of information made available by the Territorial Administrative Units having jurisdiction sectors of the Danube River and observations, records existing in

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de Bruijn, J. C. M. "Plastics in High Temperature Quenches of Flue Gas Cleaning Units." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97353.

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Abstract Waste incinerators plants, like electricity production plants are forced to invest in air pollution control equipement, i.e. flue gas cleanage units. In the recent years this has lead to the use of (high temperature resistant) fibre reinforced plastics for flue gas scrubbers and high temperature quenches. Some feed back on the experiences will be given along with recent improvements in application.

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Agarwal, D. C., and G. K. Grossmann. "Case Histories on the Use of Nickel Alloys in Municipal & Hazardous Waste Fueled Facilities." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01177.

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Abstract As available sites for conventional landfills have become both scarce and costly, controlled high temperature incineration is playing an increasingly important role in waste management and at the same time generating power for industry / consumer use. Proper selection of materials of construction is vital for safe and reliable operation. Depending on the chemical make-up of the waste and combustion conditions, a multitude of harmful acidic gases and deposits are produced which lead to a variety of high temperature severe corrosive environments resulting in accelerated metal wastage. T

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Amortila, Valentin, Elena Mereuta, Silvia Veresiu, Madalina Rus, and Balasoi George. "THE PREDICTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF ALTERNATIVE FUEL CONSUMPTION IN VEHICLES USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS WITH THE AIM OF REDUCING ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/4.1/s19.60.

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The purpose of this work is to explore the potential for predicting and improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles with thermal engines, especially in the context of reducing exhaust gas emissions that contribute to environmental pollution. With rising fuel costs, consumers need to make informed decisions about the fuel consumption and environmental impact of purchasing vehicles with internal combustion engines. To achieve this goal, the researchers utilized artificial intelligence and created a model using neural networks, drawing on data from vehicle manufacturers that incorporated various fa

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Sowizal, John. "Chimney Liners for Wet FGD Service." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98486.

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Abstract In order to meet pollution compliance requirements, many Utilities are adding wet scrubbers to reduce SO2 emissions. The gas temperatures produced by wet scrubbers also can lead to increased condensation of moisture on interior surfaces of chimney linings and ductwork. This increased condensation can, in turn, increase the risk of corrosion. To protect moist surfaces of chimney liners and ductwork from acid attack, new design and construction methods are required. Materials including high nickel, chrome and titanium alloys are being employed as well as modifications to the widely used

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Hendricks, Mark, Tobias Braun, Anshul Jain, and Samir Shankar. "Influences of Lighting Strikes on Pipelines." In CONFERENCE 2025. AMPP, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2025-00384.

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Since pipelines are widely distributed and highly net-worked, they are often influenced by interference voltages from various sources such as parallel high-voltage lines, traction power supply systems, earth fault currents and lightning effects. Lightning strikes pose a significant risk to pipelines that run both above and below ground. The extremely high temperatures and electrical currents generated by a lightning strike can cause structural damage to pipelines. This damage can lead to environmental pollution and significant economic losses. In addition, lightning strikes can compromise the

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Safar, Z., and W. Lotfi. "Screening epidemiological study: blood lead levels in the vicinity of a lead smelter." In AIR POLLUTION 2006. WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air06075.

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Reports on the topic "Lead pollution"

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Clay, Karen, Edson Severnini, and Xiao Wang. The Hidden Toll of Airborne Lead: Infant Mortality Impacts of Industrial Lead Pollution. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3386/w33447.

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Akasha, Heba, Omid Ghaffarpasand, and Francis Pope. Climate Change and Air Pollution. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.071.

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This rapid literature review explores the interactions between climate change and air pollution, with a focus on human health impacts. In particular, the report explores potential synergies in tackling climate change and air pollution together. The impacts and implications of the transition from a carbon-intensive economy upon air quality and consequently human health are examined. Discussing climate change without air pollution can lead to risks. For example, strategies that focus on electrification and transition to renewable energy achieve maximum health and air quality benefits compared to

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Gazze, Ludovica, Claudia Persico, and Sandra Spirovska. The Long-Run Spillover Effects of Pollution: How Exposure to Lead Affects Everyone in the Classroom. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28782.

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Thi Thanh, Vu, Le Thi Dan Dung, Jenny Yi-Chen Han, and Diane Archer. Viet Nam’s Craft Villages and Occupational Air Pollution: Socioeconomic Disparities and Gendered Exposures. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.034.

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This policy brief summarizes recent research on gender, age and other socioeconomic and cultural factors that lead to air pollution exposures in Viet Nam's workplaces. In addition to key findings, the authors make policy recommendations for local and national governments to address these issues at multiple scales.

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Hirst, Russell, James Baker, Rhea Molato-Gayares, and Albert Park. How to Stop Automotive Battery Recycling from Poisoning Our Children. Asian Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf230487.

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This brief calls for better safety standards on how automotive batteries are recycled in Asia’s developing countries to reduce harmful lead pollution and its associated health impacts. With developing Asia home to over 400 million children with potentially harmful blood lead levels, it explains how the open-air recycling of used lead-acid batteries (ULAB) contaminates air, soil, and water. Using Viet Nam and the United Kingdom as comparative case studies, the brief demonstrates why countries in the region should educate workers on ULAB recycling risks and look to remediate contaminated sites.

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Hailiang, Zhang, Wang Fuxiang, Sha Shengyi, Dai Lianshuang, Xuan Wenbo, and Ren Zhong. PR-469-173823-R01 In Line Inspection and Evaluation of Pinholes in Oil and Gas Pipelines. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011604.

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Pinhole leaks have been reported as a significant cause of oil and gas pipeline failures in recent years. From 2010 to 2015, at least 131 significant incidents involving oil and gas pipelines in the United States (101 and 30, respectively) were attributed to pinhole leaks. The 9th European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group Report states that as of 2013, the five-year moving average failure frequency for pinholes was equal to an approximate annual rate of 0.105 failures per 1,000 kilometers of pipeline(1). Pinholes may result from normal pipeline corrosion during routine operations, such as micr

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Hailiang, Zhang. PR-469-173823-R02 In-Line Inspection and Evaluation of Pinholes in Oil and Gas Pipelines - Phase II. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011780.

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Pinhole leaks have been reported as a significant cause of oil and gas pipeline failures in recent years. From 2010 to 2015, at least 131 significant incidents involving oil and gas pipelines in the United States (101 and 30, respectively) were attributed to pinhole leaks. The 9th European Gas Pipeline Incident Data Group Report states that as of 2013, the five-year moving average failure frequency for pinholes was equal to an approximate annual rate of 0.105 failures per 1,000 kilometers of pipeline. Pinholes may result from normal pipeline corrosion during routine operations, such as micro-b

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Iraoya, Augustine, Chukwuka Onyekwena, David Okorie, and Adedeji Adeniran. EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF AFRICAN CONTINENTAL FREE TRADE AREA (AFCFTA) ON AFRICA’S BIODIVERSITY. Global Development Network (GDN), 2024. https://doi.org/10.69814/wp/202492.

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Abstract:

Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), can significantly influence biodiversity conservation based on their design and implementation. While AfCFTA may encourage countries to strengthen environmental regulations in line with international agreements like the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and CITES, there are concerns that economic goals might overshadow ecological considerations. This could lead to industrial growth in agriculture and mining, risking deforestation, soil erosion, and water pollution. Using a combination of qualitative

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Chan, H. Ron, Martino Pelli, and Veronica Vienne. Air Pollution, Smoky Days and Hours Worked. CIRANO, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/iprq7739.

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The current literature on the economic cost of air pollution in the labor market primarily focuses on labor productivity, leaving the impact on working hours relatively unexplored. In this paper, we investigate the effects of air pollution on work hours using a nationally representative sample for Chile. To address the potential endogeneity of air pollution, we leverage the exogenous occurrence of wildfires between 2010 and 2018. We construct the smoke plumes originating from each wildfire to identify the causal impact of air pollution on hours worked. Our analysis reveals that an exogenous in

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Hospido, Laura, Carlos Sanz, and Ernesto Villanueva. Air pollution: a review of its economic effects and policies to mitigate them. Banco de España, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/27332.

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Air pollution is an increasing cause of concern among the scientific community, policymakers and the general public. This interest has led to a sharp increase in the number of scientific papers on air pollution. This paper provides a summary of the most prominent recent economic literature on the effects of air pollution, the main policy lessons that can be drawn from it, and the areas in which more research would be especially valuable. The literature has found sizable negative effects of air pollution on health and mortality. There is also some evidence that air pollution may have negative n

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