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Journal articles on the topic 'Lead zirconate titanate'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Farhan, R., M. Rguiti, A. Eddiai, M. Mazroui, M. Meddad, and C. Courtois. "Evaluation of performance of polyamide/lead zirconate titanate composite for energy harvesters and actuators." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 3 (June 19, 2018): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318783324.

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By means of experimental tools, we have studied the effect of lead zirconate titanate volume fraction introduced in polyamide-6/lead zirconate titanate composites on dielectric, piezoelectric, mechanical, and structural properties. As the first result, we found that the insertion of lead zirconate titanate particles makes the dielectric permittivity of the polyamide-6 matrix increases from 10 to 95.8. The dielectric property studies reveal that under an electrical field of 1 kV the remnant polarization is also increased from 0.17 to 0.4, this behavior is related to both the increase of volume fraction of lead zirconate titanate from 20% to 40% and the piezoelectric coefficient changes proportionally with that of volume fraction of lead zirconate titanate. Furthermore, piezoelectric activity increases with lead zirconate titanate particle size at a range where there is a lower order of magnitude. Finally, the uniform dispersion of the ceramic lead zirconate titanate particles in polyamide matrix has been confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The performances reached by polyamide-6/lead zirconate titanate composites open new horizons for energy harvesting and actuators.

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2

Gatea, Hamed Alwan, and Faten K. Hachim. "Studying the Effect of Annealing Temperature and Thickness on Electrical Properties of PZT Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Technique." Solid State Phenomena 341 (March 15, 2023): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-93blco.

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Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) film was synthesized by sol-gel technique on a silicon substrate. The raw materials used to synthesize the solution of PZT consist of lead acetate, zirconate nitrate and titanate (IV) isopropoxide and 2methoxy ethanol is used as a stabilizer for Ti structure. Acetic acid is the solvent used to solve lat acetate and zirconate nitrate. The XRD pattern of the sample shows that the film has a tetragonal phase with a perovskite structure. FESEM revealed the surface morphologies and the cross-section of the film. The different thicknesses of film and annealing temperatures are investigated in this work. The dielectric constant was measured at 1 kHz, PZT films have a dielectric constant value ( 312-552 ) and a dielectric loss (0.02-0.08) at ambient temperature. Keywords: PZT film; Lead zirconated titanate; ferroelectric properties; dielectric constant.

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3

Weiss, Robert J. "Lead Titanate Zirconate Exposure." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 32, no. 7 (July 1990): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199007000-00017.

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4

Hussein, Rageh K., Ibrahim I. Bashter, Mohamed El-Okr, and Medhat Ahmed Ibrahim. "DFT Investigation of Structural and Electronic Properties of Modified PZT." Acta Chemica Iasi 27, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/achi-2019-0002.

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Abstract Density of states and geometrical structures of modified Lead zirconate titanate are investigated using density functional theory within local density approximation. The electronic properties and bond length variation have been studied in terms of electronic structure and bonding mechanism principles respectively. Hybridization between Ti 3d - O 2p states and ferroelectric distortion have been addressed as a theoretical approach, to rule the improvement of ferroelectric properties of Lead zirconate titanate. The analysis of Ga, Tl modified Lead zirconate titanate were found to diminish the hybridization between Ti 3d - O 2p states, the relaxed behavior lead to the reversal of the known ferroelectric distortion. Y, Ho, Yb and Lu modified Lead zirconate titanate compounds have a tendency to intense the ferroelectric stability, its exhibit higher hybridization between Ti 3d - O 2p states than pure Lead zirconate titanate, also the arrangement of the ions distortions is strongly the same as the more favoured ferroelectric states of Lead zirconate titanate.

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5

Guan, Xiaoyu, Hairong Chen, Hong Xia, Yaqin Fu, Yiping Qiu, and Qing-Qing Ni. "Multifunctional composite nanofibers with shape memory and piezoelectric properties for energy harvesting." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 7 (February 19, 2020): 956–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20906477.

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Although many kinds of flexible piezoelectric materials have been developed, there were few reports on flexible multifunctional nanofibers for energy harvesting. In this study, we prepared multifunctional nanofibers from lead zirconate titanate particles and shape memory polyurethane by electrospinning. The resulting nanofibers had both piezoelectric and shape memory effects. To improve the dispersion, lead zirconate titanate particles were modified by silane coupling agents. The lead zirconate titanate/shape memory polyurethane nanofibers were used to harvest energy from sinusoidal vibrations, and the lead zirconate titanate 80 wt% sample produced voltages of 120.3 mV (peak-to-peak). Taking advantage of the shape memory effect, the lead zirconate titanate/shape memory polyurethane nanofibers can be easily deformed into desired shapes and revealed the potential for realizing energy harvesting in complex structures.

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6

Sengupta, S. S., L. Ma, D. L. Adler, and D. A. Payne. "Extended x-ray absorption fine structure determination of local structure in sol-gel-derived lead titanate, lead zirconate, and lead zirconate titanate." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 6 (June 1995): 1345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1345.

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We report on extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements for partially heat-treated gels in the lead zirconate titanate system (PZT). Self-consistent results obtained from the titanium and zirconium K-edges and the lead LIll-edge were used to determine bonding pathways between cations. For lead titantate (PT) and PZT gels, separate networks of predominantly Ti-O-Ti, Zr-O-Zr, and Pb-O-Pb linkages were observed. For lead zirconate (PZ) gels, both Zr-O-Pb and Zr-O-Zr linkages were observed. The results indicate heterogeneity at the molecular level. These findings are discussed in terms of the evolution of structure for PZT materials prepared by our sol-gel method.

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7

Myers, Todd, Parag Banerjee, Susmita Bose, and Amit Bandyopadhyay. "Layered lead zirconate titanate and lanthanum-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramic thin films." Journal of Materials Research 17, no. 9 (September 2002): 2379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2002.0348.

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The physical layering of sol-gel-derived lead zirconate titanate (PZT) 52/48 and lanthanum-doped PZT (PLZT) 2/52/48 on platinized silicon substrates was investigated to determine if the ferroelectric properties and fatigue resistance could be influenced by different layering sequences. Monolithic thin films of PZT and PLZT were characterized to determine their ferroelectric properties. Sandwich structures of Pt/PZT/PLZT/PLZT/PZT/Au and Pt/PLZT/PZT/PZT/PLZT/Au and alternating structures of Pt/PZT/PLZT/PZT/PLZT/Au and Pt/PLZT/PZT/PLZT/PZT/Au were then fabricated and characterized. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiles revealed that the layering sequence remained intact up to 700 °C for 45 min. It was found that the end layers in the multilayered films had a significant influence on the resulting hysteresis behavior and fatigue resistance. A direct correlation of ferroelectric properties and fatigue resistance can be made between the data obtained from the sandwiched structures and their end-layer monolithic thin film counterparts. Alternating structures also showed an improvement in the fatigue resistance while the polarization values remained between those for PZT and PLZT thin films.

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8

Wang, Xinjie, Fei Lu, and Jiahan Huang. "Closed-loop photovoltage control of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramic for photovoltaic-electrostatic-driven servo system." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 28, no. 18 (February 20, 2017): 2572–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17692049.

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A photovoltage closed-loop servo control model of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramic is proposed for a photovoltaic-electrostatic-driven system in this article. The control equations of the proposed servo control model are derived based on the mathematical model of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate with coupled multi-physics fields. The parameters of photovoltage of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramic during the illumination phase and light-off phase are identified through the static experiment. Then, photovoltage response of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramic with simple on–off control strategy is numerically simulated based on the control equations presented in this article. After that, the closed-loop photovoltage control experiment based on single lead lanthanum zirconate titanate ceramic is carried out. The simulation and experimental results show that the photovoltage can be successfully controlled by switching the ultraviolet light with an optical shutter. The control strategy can be applied in the photovoltaic-electrostatic-driven servo system to achieve the target degree of angular or displacement deflection. In addition, closed-loop photovoltage control experiment of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate bimorph irradiated by double ultraviolet light is carried out to equip the system with the capacity of reverse voltage output.

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9

Houng, B., and M. J. Haun. "Lead titanate and lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric glass-ceramics." Ferroelectrics 154, no. 1 (April 1994): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199408017270.

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10

DICKINSON, J. T., L. C. JENSEN, and W. DAVID WILLIAMS. "Fractoemission from Lead Zirconate-Titanate." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 68, no. 5 (May 1985): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1985.tb15315.x.

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11

Fox, G. R. "Lead-zirconate-titanate micro-tubes." Journal of Materials Science Letters 14, no. 21 (1995): 1496–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00633141.

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12

Boyer, Leonard L., Naomi Velasquez, and Joe T. Evans. "Low Voltage Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) and Lead Niobate Zirconate Titanate (PNZT) Hysteresis Loops." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 36, Part 1, No. 9B (September 30, 1997): 5799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.36.5799.

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13

Rjafallah, Abdelkader, Abdelowahed Hajjaji, Fouad Belhora, Daniel Guyomar, Laurence Seveyrat, Rabie El Otmani, and Yahia Boughaleb. "Mechanical energy harvesting using polyurethane/lead zirconate titanate composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 9 (August 1, 2017): 1171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317722401.

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The microelectromechanical systems invade gradually the market with applications in many sectors of activity. Developing these micro-systems allows deploying wireless sensor networks that are useful to collect, process and transmit information from their environments without human intervention. In order to keep these micro-devices energetically autonomous without using batteries because they have a limited lifespan, an energy harvesting from ambient vibrations using electrostrictive polymers can be used. These polymers present best features against inorganic materials, as flexibility and low cost. The aims of this paper are manifold. First of all, we made elaboration of the polyurethane/lead zirconate titanate films of 100 µm thickness using a lead zirconate titanate–volume fraction of [Formula: see text]%. Therefore, we did an observation of the lead zirconate titanate grains dispersion and the electrical characterization of the polyurethane–50 vol% lead zirconate titanate composites. Finally, a detailed study of the electromechanical transduction, for the polyurethane–50 vol% lead zirconate titanate unpolarized and polarized composites sustained to the sinusoidal mechanical strain with amplitude of 1.5% and at very low frequencies ( f = 2 [Hz] and f = 4 [Hz]) and static electric field ( Edc = 10 [ V/µm]) or without it ( Edc = 0 [ V/µm]) has been presented.

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14

Wright, J. S., and L. F. Francis. "Processing of porous lead titanate and lead zirconate titanate coatings." Le Journal de Physique IV 08, PR9 (December 1998): Pr9–27—Pr9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1998903.

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15

Sidorkin, A. S., L. P. Nesterenko, A. L. Smirnov, G. L. Smirnov, S. V. Ryabtsev, and A. A. Sidorkin. "Fatigue of lead titanate and lead zirconate titanate thin films." Physics of the Solid State 50, no. 11 (November 2008): 2157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063783408110255.

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16

Luo, Y., I. Szafraniak, V. Nagarajan, R. B. Wehrspohn, M. Steinhart, J. H. Wendorff, N. D. Zakharov, R. Ramesh, and M. Alexe. "Ferroelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate and Barium Titanate Nanotubes." Integrated Ferroelectrics 59, no. 1 (September 2003): 1513–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580390260009.

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17

Ishchuk, V. M., D. V. Kuzenko, and V. L. Sobolev. "Effects caused by antiferroelectric nanodomains in PZT-based coarse-grained ceramics with compositions from the morphotropic boundary region." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 07, no. 01 (February 2017): 1750005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x17500059.

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Presented results demonstrate importance of taking into account such a phenomenon as the solid solution decomposition at the boundaries separating coexisting phases in lead zirconate-titanate-based solid solutions with compositions belonging to the morphotropic boundary region of the “temperature–composition” phase diagram. It is shown that in the local decomposition of solid solutions in the vicinity of the boundaries separating the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases in lead zirconate-titanate-based solid solutions lead to the changes of the solid solution’s chemical composition and to the formation of segregates. It is also shown that the proper thermoelectric treatment of samples containing these segregates can give substantially higher values of piezoelectric parameters in the lead zirconate-titanate-based compounds.

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18

Zhang, Yong, and Doru C. Lupascu. "Refatigue of Ferroelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 93, no. 9 (June 7, 2010): 2551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03883.x.

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19

Löbmann, Peer, Walther Glaubitt, Stefan Geis, and Jochen Fricke. "Monolithic crystalline lead zirconate titanate aerogels." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 225 (April 1998): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(98)00108-2.

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20

Lupascu, Doru C., and Cyril Verdier. "Fatigue anisotropy in lead-zirconate-titanate." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 24, no. 6 (January 2004): 1663–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(03)00572-7.

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21

Koval, V., S. S. N. Bharadwaja, and S. Trolier-McKinstry. "Mist Deposited Lead Zirconate Titanate Films." Ferroelectrics 421, no. 1 (January 2011): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150193.2011.594296.

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22

FENG, Yujun. "Thermal expansion in lead zirconate titanate." Chinese Science Bulletin 47, no. 16 (2002): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/02tb9299.

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23

Meyer, Richard, Holger Weitzing, Qichang Xu, Qiming Zhang, Robert E. Newnham, and Joe K. Cochran. "Lead Zirconate Titanate Hollow-Sphere Transducers." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 77, no. 6 (June 1994): 1669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb09775.x.

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24

Hill, Michael D., Grady S. White, Cheol-Seong Hwang, and Isabel K. Lloyd. "Cyclic Damage in Lead Zirconate Titanate." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 79, no. 7 (July 1996): 1915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb08013.x.

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25

Hardiman, B., K. V. Kiehl, C. P. Reeves, and R. R. Zeyfang. "Lead titanate zirconate-based pyroelectric ceramics." Ceramics International 11, no. 4 (October 1985): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(85)90121-x.

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26

Nourmohammadi, A., M. A. Bahrevar, S. Schulze, and M. Hietschold. "Electrodeposition of lead zirconate titanate nanotubes." Journal of Materials Science 43, no. 14 (July 2008): 4753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-2665-3.

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27

Suvaci, Ender, Aydin Doğan, Julie Anderson, and James H. Adair. "Hydrothermal synthesis of lead titanate and lead zirconate titanate electroceramic particles." Chemical Engineering Communications 190, no. 5-8 (May 2003): 843–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986440302106.

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28

Das, Rabindra N., Amita Pathak, and Panchanan Pramanik. "Low-Temperature Preparation of Nanocrystalline Lead Zirconate Titanate and Lead Lanthanum Zirconate Titanate Powders Using Triethanolamine." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81, no. 12 (December 1998): 3357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02784.x.

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29

Silva, Ricardo M., Bruno S. Noremberg, Luiza R. Santana, José H. Alano, Natália H. Marins, Guilherme K. Maron, Dariusz Łukowiec, Marcin Staszuk, Tomasz Tanski, and Neftali LV Carreño. "Rare earth-doped lead titanate zirconate grown on carbon fibers by microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318785701.

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This study aimed to develop a flexible carbon fiber/oxide layer coating composite with improved electrical properties for use in electronic devices. For this, lead titanate zirconate, cerium-doped lead titanate zirconate, and yttrium-doped lead titanate zirconate were grown on carbon fibers via microwaves-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The performed synthesis presented advantages when compared to conventional routes used in nanoparticles obtention since it allows the morphological control even at low temperatures. Carbon fiber was selected as substrates due to their thermal stability, excellent mechanical properties, chemical characteristics that allow the creation of functional groups on their surface, and good microwave radiation absorption. The composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy Raman, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical evaluations were made by four-point probe method, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The syntheses were successful and the carbon fiber coated with lead zirconate titanate had promissory results, with a boost in the electrical conductivity and better capacitance behavior when compared to the undoped carbon fiber, showing to be a good alternative for applications in electrical devices.

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30

Alvine, K. J., M. Vijayakumar, M. E. Bowden, A. L. Schemer-Kohrn, and S. G. Pitman. "Hydrogen diffusion in lead zirconate titanate and barium titanate." Journal of Applied Physics 112, no. 4 (August 15, 2012): 043511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4748283.

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31

Iijima, Takashi, Gang He, and Hiroshi Funakubo. "Fabrication of lead zirconate titanate thin films using a diffusion process of lead zirconate and lead titanate multilayer films." Journal of Crystal Growth 236, no. 1-3 (March 2002): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(01)02132-7.

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32

Liu, Qijian, Yuan Chai, and Xinlin Qing. "Reusable piezoelectric transducer for structural health monitoring using both Lamb wave and electromechanical impedance modes." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 16 (July 15, 2020): 1898–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20942843.

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A variety of structural health monitoring techniques have been developed to support the efficient online monitoring of structural integrity. Moreover, Lamb wave and electromechanical impedance methods are increasingly used for structural health monitoring applications due to their high sensitivity and effectiveness in detecting damage. However, these techniques require transducers to be permanently attached to structures because of the usage of baselines recorded under the condition without damage. In this study, a reusable piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate transducer for monitoring corrosion damage on the aluminum plate is introduced, which can be removed from the test specimen and reused with the repeatability of signals. The reusable piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate transducer is bonded on the aluminum plate using the ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer with an aluminum enclosure. A series of experiments are conducted on an aluminum plate, including the investigation for repeatability of signals and the capability of corrosion detection of the designed piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate transducer through the Lamb wave and electromechanical impedance methods. The simulated corrosion defect with the area of 15 × 15 mm2 is detected during experiments. The experimental results confirm that the reusable piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate transducer can effectively evaluate the corrosion damage to plate structure and can be reused many times.

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33

Makino, Hiroaki, and Nobuo Kamiya. "Electromechanical Fatigue of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 37, Part 1, No. 9B (September 30, 1998): 5301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.37.5301.

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34

Ma, Jan, and Wen Cheng. "Electrophoretic Deposition of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85, no. 7 (December 20, 2004): 1735–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00344.x.

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35

Oates, William S., Christopher S. Lynch, Doru C. Lupascu, Alain B. Kounga Njiwa, Emil Aulbach, and Jürgen Rödel. "Subcritical Crack Growth in Lead Zirconate Titanate." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87, no. 7 (July 2004): 1362–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07736.x.

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36

Lam, K. S., Y. Zhou, Y. W. Wong, and F. G. Shin. "Electrostriction of lead zirconate titanate/polyurethane composites." Journal of Applied Physics 97, no. 10 (May 15, 2005): 104112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1906285.

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37

Huang, Z., Q. Zhang, and R. W. Whatmore. "Kinetics of lead zirconate titanate sol aging." Integrated Ferroelectrics 36, no. 1-4 (January 2001): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580108015537.

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38

Mueller, V., and Q. M. Zhang. "Shear response of lead zirconate titanate piezoceramics." Journal of Applied Physics 83, no. 7 (April 1998): 3754–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366603.

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39

Flechtner, D., C. Golkowski, J. D. Ivers, G. S. Kerslick, J. A. Nation, and L. Schächter. "Electron emission from lead–zirconate–titanate ceramics." Journal of Applied Physics 83, no. 2 (January 15, 1998): 955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366783.

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40

Shur, V. Ya, N. Yu Ponomarev, N. A. Tonkacheva, S. D. Makarov, E. V. Nikolaeva, E. I. Shishkin, L. A. Suslov, N. N. Salashchenko, and E. B. Klyuenkov. "Fatigue in epitaxial lead zirconate titanate films." Physics of the Solid State 39, no. 4 (April 1997): 609–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1129939.

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41

Thakur, O. P., J. P. Singh, Chandra Prakash, and Pran Kishan. "Modified Lead-zirconate-titanate for Pyroelectric Sensors." Defence Science Journal 57, no. 3 (May 23, 2007): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.57.1764.

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42

Kuzenko, D. V., V. M. Ishchuk, A. I. Bazhin, and N. A. Spiridonov. "Aftereffect relaxation processes in lead zirconate titanate." Physics of the Solid State 54, no. 5 (May 2012): 953–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106378341205023x.

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43

Zhang, Guitao, Shiyou Xu, and Yong Shi. "Electromechanical coupling of lead zirconate titanate nanofibres." Micro & Nano Letters 6, no. 1 (2011): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2010.0127.

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44

Sun, D., S. A. Rocks, M. J. Edirisinghe, R. A. Dorey, and Y. Wang. "Electrohydrodynamic Deposition of Nanostructured Lead Zirconate Titanate." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 5, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1846–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2005.443.

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45

MENG, Z. Y., U. KUMAR, and L. E. CROSS. "Electrostriction in Lead Lanthanum Zirconate-Titanate Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 68, no. 8 (August 1985): 459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1985.tb10175.x.

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46

Tentilova, I. Yu, E. Yu Kaptelov, I. P. Pronin, and V. L. Ugolkov. "Micropore formation in lead zirconate titanate films." Inorganic Materials 48, no. 11 (October 9, 2012): 1136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168512110155.

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47

Guo, Dong, Kai Cai, Yong Huang, Longtu Li, and Zhilun Gui. "Water based gelcasting of lead zirconate titanate." Materials Research Bulletin 38, no. 5 (April 2003): 807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5408(03)00044-8.

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48

Koval, V., S. S. N. Bharadwaja, M. Li, T. S. Mayer, and S. Trolier-McKinstry. "Dielectrophoretic assembly of lead zirconate titanate microtubes." Solid State Communications 151, no. 24 (December 2011): 1990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2011.09.004.

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Schäufele, Ansgar B., and Karl Heinz Härdtl. "Ferroelastic Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate Ceramics." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 79, no. 10 (August 9, 2005): 2637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1996.tb09027.x.

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Verdier, C., D. C. Lupascu, and J. Rödel. "Unipolar fatigue of ferroelectric lead–zirconate–titanate." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 23, no. 9 (August 2003): 1409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(02)00351-5.

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