Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Leadership féminin'
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De, Macedo Maia Victor. "Le genre et le leadership : L’avantage féminin dépend-il du type de crise ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2000.
Full textGender stereotypes represent one of the major determinants in the perception of men's and women's leadership. Stereotypes about men have been associated more with effective leadership than those about women. As a result, men have generally been perceived as more legitimate and prepared to take on leadership roles. However, in recent years several arguments suggest that this association is reversed. Currently, stereotypes about women appear to be associated more with effective leadership and this seems to give them a leadership advantage over men. However, the propositions of a leadership advantage where certain stereotypical qualities are superior to others run counter to the basic premises of leadership. Leadership takes place in a context. Context impacts the range, validity and impact of leadership. Thus, the effects of one type of leadership in one situation will not necessarily hold in another. Indeed, some critics have suggested that research should instead focus on identifying the contexts where this potential advantage might be verified. Therefore, through five studies, four experimental, one correlational, and the validation of a crisis perception scale, this dissertation sought to determine if different types of crises could present a leadership advantage for men or for women. We hypothesized that the evaluation of leaders and leadership types would depend on their congruence with the context. The results of our studies partially confirm our hypotheses. If in most situations the agentic and communal traits were indeed evaluated in congruence with the type of crisis, concerning the behaviors, contrary to our predictions, those considered as typical of women (i.e., consideration) were more preferred in all situations. However, regardless of their preference, the effectiveness of agentic and communal traits and behaviors of consideration and structure were mediated by feelings of uncertainty, injustice, and control present in the crisis. In most situations they were perceived as effective or promoted the evaluation of leaders. Finally, our results show that while organizational success is more attributed to men, effectiveness in crisis situations is also more attributed to them. However, to resolve the crisis men and women were not equally preferred in all situations. Women were more indicated than men to resolve a relational crisis. These results will be discussed considering the arguments of leadership advantage and the impact of context on leadership. We will argue that despite the obvious impact of the context on leadership that limits its validity and scope, women, because of the injunctions imposed by gender stereotypes, could indeed have a leadership advantage over men
Wassouo, Emmanuel. "Représentations du leadership politique féminin et différences culturelles : comparaison entre la France et le Cameroun." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH005/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to understand why despite the real demographic, political and economic qualities of women, despite the regulatory and judicial measures, Cameroonians and French citizens adhere very little to female political leadership. This thesis suggests to apprehend electoral intentions and electoral behaviors using the 2013 municipal and legislative elections in Cameroun and the 2014 municipal elections in France. Hence we argued that cultural differences portrayed by the representations of female political leadership can allow for the identification of Cameroonian and French citizens’ behaviors with regards to the presence of women in political positions.Three empirical studies for Cameroun on one hand (N=338) and for France (N=310) on the other hand were conducted. The construction of the questionnaire was mainly inspired by two approaches, namely the theory of planned behavior by Ajzen and Fishben (1985) and the representation of female political leadership by Vergès (1992;1994).In the first study (Cameroun and France), we observed that voting intentions in favor of female political leadership were all the more high that the representations were positive towards female political leadership. Likewise, when the electorates showed a positive attitude towards female political leadership, they perceived it as strength and thus portrayed a favorable intention towards the female political leadership. Female gender stereotypes (e.g. warmth, accommodating, maternal) induced positive political leadership representations in Cameroun; unlike in France. In other words, these representations mediated the link between attitudes, stereotypes and voting intentions in favor of female political leadership whereas in France these representations mediated only the link between attitudes and voting intentions. The second study (Cameroun and France) used the same data as the Study 1. Here, we examined the variations of voting intentions in favor of female political leadership with regards to adherence to beliefs, cultural values and subjective norms. We observed that in France, when participants adhere strongly to beliefs and cultural values, their voting intentions tend to be favorable towards female political leadership. However, we did not observe a link between adherence to beliefs and cultural values and favorable voting intentions towards female political leadership with the Cameroonian participants. Concerning Cameroonians, the representation of female political leadership was all the more favorable when they adhered strongly to beliefs and cultural values. With reference to the French participants, female political leadership did not vary significantly in function of their adhesion to beliefs and cultural values. In Cameroun as well as in France, when participants attributed importance to the viewpoints of people who are considered as experts in women political leadership and are motivated to conform to it, their voting intentions in favor of female political leadership was high. The results from this study also revealed that adhering to beliefs and cultural values as well as subjective norms was not mediated by the representations of female political leadership.The third study evaluated voting intentions in favor of female political leadership in relation to perceived behavioral control. We then examined the interaction between perceived behavioral control and electoral experience. The results were not conclusive for the two samples (France, Cameroun).Finally, the global model (Cameroun and France) was tested simultaneously with all variables of the three studies. The final conceptual model for Cameroun was confirmed by the results of the analysis. This model fitted with the data collected and proved to be the most parsimonious than the French model. These results conveyed an interesting contribution to the research and were discussed in light of existing theoretical knowledge
Upadhayay, Neha Bhardwaj. "Uncovering the proliferation of contingent protection through channels of retaliation, gender and development assistance." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC0022.
Full textThis dissertation contributes to the empirical literature on trade protection through three independent chapters that have a common strand between them: use of contingent protection by trading economies of the world. In addition to tackling the conventional question on strategic determinants of contingent protection with a special focus on the role of mechanisms like retaliation (Chapter 1), this dissertation contributes two novel studies to the intertwinings of political economy with contingent protection: gendered role of national leadership (Chapter 2) and official development assistance (Chapter 3)
Raymondie, Romain. "Expression, régulation, et évaluation des émotions dans les contextes de leadership : le rôle du genre et des stéréotypes de genre." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ2008.
Full textGender stereotypes of emotions are beliefs that convey the idea that women and men differ in several aspects of their emotional life: expression, regulation, experience, and physiology. For example, women are regarded as being more emotional than men. Some authors have argued these stereotypes lead to difficulties and psychological costs for women who wish to access, evolve, and succeed in organizational leadership positions. Indeed, leadership stereotypes are more congruent with masculine (e.g., rational, cold-blooded) than feminine (e.g., sensitive, warm) stereotypes. Moreover, backlash research suggests individuals who behave in a counter-stereotypical manner may face economic or social penalties. Thus, women would be brought to negotiate a double bind: transgress feminine stereotypes to fit with leadership stereotypes or transgress leadership stereotypes to fit with feminine stereotypes. In 6 studies, we examined the role of gender and gender stereotypes on the expression, regulation, and evaluation of leader emotions. We observed that stereotypes about women’s and men’s emotions corresponded poorly to stereotypes about subordinates (study 1) and about managers (study 2). We also observed that stereotypically masculine or feminine contexts did not influence female and male leaders’ expression and regulation of emotions (study 3). However, support for gender equality from subordinates protected female and male leaders from burnout by reducing the uncertainty associated with emotional expression (study 4). Furthermore, we observed that leaders expressing counter-stereotypical emotions (i.e., female - anger, male - sadness), vs. stereotypical (i.e., man - anger, woman - sadness), were negatively evaluated by their subordinates (study 5). Finally, subordinates penalized female leaders who reported having to make efforts to regulate their emotions (vs. no effort) while male leaders were not penalized (Study 6). In sum, this dissertation delves into the role of gender and gender stereotypes on the emotions and evaluations of leaders’ emotions, for both women and men
Eyoman, Aline Grâce. "Pouvoir et pratiques associatives en milieu urbain : étude socio-ethnographique des regroupements de femmes comme espace d'accumulation et de construction du pouvoir." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0001.
Full textThis dissertation explores power relationships in women mutual aid associations. Women underrepresentation in decision-making teams, which is justified by female leadership properties and notably lack of power, has led to the question of power exercise in those associations. We hypothesize that women associations create new practices whose reference frames are made of complex power and solidarity chains, intertwining reciprocal relationships as well as group and individual interests. To this end, we approach women associations under the power relationships angle where group interests mix with individual ones. We proceed through field observations in tontine groups, ethnic associations and market retailers associations. We show that mutual aid and solidarity practices are damaged by power relationships and some leader’s accumulation logics. Study of women associations shows fierce control taking contests. Autocratic power management methods prevent changes of management team
Diallo, Halima. "Femmes dirigeantes au Sénégal." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD034.
Full textCombining social psychology and the psychodynamics of employment with history and sociology, this thesis is devoted to Senegalese women who practice prestigious professions where men are still the majority. Their social, family, educational and professional background, their model of femininity and their relationship to work, management and finally conjugality are questioned. The qualitative method is the story of their life. The Snowball Method has enabled us to recruit thirty women leaders in the political, academic,public service and corporate fields. The field survey was conducted between 2013 and 2017. It involved 17 women from affluent backgrounds and 13 from families of the middle and popular classes. The analyzes show that women, in male bastions, share the fatigue felt in fighting for a place and exercising an authority that is constantly disputed. On the other hand, not everyone wanted to speak about the impact of work on their personal lives or the cost of transgression. These issues aroused discomfort and resistance. Most of the interviewees are known to the general public and, as such, want to preserve the image of a woman leader or heroic manager. Although the results of this survey are limited, they nonetheless allow us to open avenues for reflection on the strategies implemented to transgress the "gender frontiers". The interviews showed that most women leaders behave like traditional women in the private space and that they tend to over play femininity to preserve the love of their partner so that the couple "saves face". The transgression in the public space is modulated by the reinforcement of norms of gender in the private space. This work involved resituating interviews in the context of colonization, struggles for independence, girls' schooling and Senegalese feminism, as well as highlighting the peculiarities of local uses of the concept of gender in relation to the practices of NGOs. Finally, the thesis highlights the importance of analyzing the relations between gender and generations through intersectionality
Minkoue, pira Liziane. "Leadership au masculin et au féminin, les différences entre les hommes et les femmes dans la manière de diriger : étude comparative dans le secteur tertiaire en France et au Gabon." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH044.
Full textIn view of the unequal distribution of men and women in certain positions and the under representativeness of women at certain hierarchical levels, the question of the difference between male leadership and female leadership is very acute. Indeed, wondering what are the differences between men and women in the way of directing and what influence these differences have on the level of satisfaction of the subordinates led us to carry out this comparative research in the tertiary sector between France and Gabon. To do this, three studies were conducted. The first study focuses on the analysis of the activities of senior managers (Guilbert & Lancry, 2007) on the issue of management of employees. This study has the particularity of being geared towards managers and aims to highlight the differences in terms of leadership and activities that exist between men and women managers. The second study deals with the description by subordinates of men and women in a leadership position. The aim here is to find out which characteristics, male or female (Tostain, 1993, Bem, 1974) describe these two heads, on one hand. On the other hand, which of these descriptions is closest to their description of the ideal manager? The third study focuses on the analysis of the leadership style of men and women managers in our sample by their subordinates and the influence of these leadership styles on the job satisfaction of the latter. Guided by samples of 20 participants (study 1), 444 participants (study 2) and 433 participants (study 3), the results show us, on the one hand, that there are no significant differences between men and women in the management of subordinates. It appears that men and women leaders maintain close relations with their subordinates with a small hierarchical distance. Men leaders adopt feminine specificities (listening, democracy ...) and women adopt masculine specificities (individualism, firmness ...). On the other hand, it also appears that the ideal leader is presented with more feminine than male characteristics and that men and women leader in leadership positions are presented with masculine and feminine characteristics in Gabon, and masculine characteristics in France. Finally, regarding the leadership style, the results show that in Gabon there are differences between men and women because men are transactional in their leadership style and women make a mix of transactional and transformational styles. And in France, there are no differences between men and women in terms of leadership style. These results allow us to show that the differences between the northern countries, such as France, and the southern countries, such as Gabon, seem to be due to the cultural variable, therefore related to the environmental and cultural context as might think Tedongmo Teko and Bapes Ba Bapes (2010). It would therefore be interesting to bring into play the cultural variable and the leadership in a post-thesis research
Djennane, Haouchene Karima. "Dynamiques d’empowerment des musulmanes dans l’espace public étatsunien depuis les années 1970 : généalogie et sociologie d’un militantisme féminin au sein de l’islam." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL171.
Full textIn American religious history, the feminization of Protestant denominations has been a long and gradual process. This feminization has been characterized by the increasing participation of women within religious institutions, not only as worshippers but also as religious leaders. Although Islam is considered to be a newly transplanted minority religion in the United-States, there are indicators revealing that, like many other transplanted religions in the United States, such as Reform Judaïsm and Buddhism, Muslim religious institutions are undergoing a process of feminization. These indicators have included the development of an Islamic feminist theology since the 1970s onwards, commonly called "Islamic feminism", and the emergence of a religious grass-root activism, more significantly since the 9/11 attacks. American Muslim women activists claim visibility in the public sphere and within the US Islamic religious landscape. What are their demands, challenges and strategies ? What are the internal and external factors that have led up to the growing visibility of women and women's issues in American Islam ? How specifically has the increased role of women affected American-Islamic institutions, beliefs or practices ? Those are some of the questions we raise in our thesisThe results are based on a fieldwork (semi-directive interviews and participant observation). We also use the data of a report on the inclusion of women within the American mosque published in 2013. The transformations linked to the increasing women’s participation in the mosque are emphasized
Hojaili, Nadine. "Au-delà des stéréotypes : un cadre analytique pour un leadership efficace des femmes au Moyen-Orient." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0001.
Full textThis study investigates the relationships between procedural justice, interactional justice, leader-member exchange, and job satisfaction in Lebanese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Grounded in the Social Exchange Theory, the research explores how fairness perceptions and gender influence leader-member relationships and employee satisfaction during crises. Using data from 1,127 participants in Lebanese SMEs, structural equation modeling was employed for analysis. Results reveal that interactional justice positively impacts leader-member exchange, fostering strong ties through fair and respectful treatment. Surprisingly, procedural justice does not exhibit a direct positive effect on leader-member exchange, implying contextual factors may override procedural fairness. Moreover, leader-member exchange significantly enhances job satisfaction, highlighting the importance of positive leadership in promoting employee well-being. However, contrary to hypotheses, leader-member exchange does not mediate the relationship between procedural justice and job satisfaction. Gender is not a significant moderator of relationships between procedural justice, interactional justice, leader-member exchange, and job satisfaction, suggesting universal relevance within Lebanese SMEs. Theoretical implications from the Social Exchange Theory stress the need for fair communication and personalized leadership styles to build trust and positive relationships. Managerial implications underscore adopting gender-inclusive and responsive approaches, alongside crisis management strategies prioritizing procedural and interactional justice, for fostering resilience in organizations. Keywords: procedural justice, interactional justice, leader-member exchange, job satisfaction, gender-inclusive, Lebanese SMEs
Lippmann, Quentin. "Gender, Institutions and Politics." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEH002.
Full textThis thesis studies the link between institutions, gender and politics. Three questions are studied: can institutions undo gender norms? Would institutions be more gender-egalitarian if they were headed by women? Why are women absent from positions of power?The first chapter of this thesis tests whether institutions can undo gender. In particular, we study the consequences of institutions on the perpetuation of gender norms. We study the norm according to which a woman should earn less than her husband. Using the German division as a natural experiment, we show that East German institutions have undone gender. East German women can earn more than their husband without increasing their number of housework hours, put their marriage at risk, or withdraw from the labor market. By contrast, the norm of higher male income and its consequences are still prevalent in the West.The second chapter studies whether institutions would be more gender-egalitarian if more women were heading them. In particular, I test whether female politicians have the same priorities than their male counterparts. The context studied is the French Parliament from 2001 to 2017. Using text analysis and quasi-experimental variations to randomize legislators' gender, this chapter shows that women are twice more likely to initiate women-related amendments in the Lower House. Women's issues constitute the key topic on which women are more active, followed by health and childhood issues whereas men are more active on military issues. I provide supporting evidence that these results are driven by the individual interest of legislators. Finally, I replicate these results in the Upper House by exploiting the introduction of a gender quota.The third chapter studies the reasons behind the underrepresentation of women in positions of power. I investigate whether the persistence of incumbents hinders female access to political positions when incumbents are predominantly men. I exploit regression discontinuity from close electoral races in French municipalities to randomize the eligibility of incumbent mayors for reelection. Despite a context increasingly favorable to the election of women, I find that the persistence of incumbents does not block female access to the position of mayor. I investigate the mechanisms and show that it is more difficult for a woman to replace a female incumbent than a male one
Belleli, Amélie. "Les figures féminines du pouvoir dans l'Empire romain, de la fin du IVe au milieu du VIe siècle : l'impératrice, l'aristocrate, la sainte et la « Mère de Dieu » dans les textes et l’iconographie." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0086.
Full textDuring a period considered with inaccuracy as « transitional », between Antiquity and the Middle Ages,we observe the appearance of an increasing number of feminine figures in the highest power spheres, inthe Roman Empire. Empresses, aristocrats, saints, – all three at the same time –, these women possessinstitutional political powers, important patrimonial belongings and great wealth. All these elementsgive them a true independance. Generally reflecting a certain level of education and culture, thesewomen can play a part in the construction of buildings or the funding of the christian architecturallegacy.With the accesssion of the theodosian dynasty during the IVth century, then the Vth, a change is initiated.Women install themselves permanently on the stage where power is decided. In the case of the imperialsphere, empresses are mentionned more often alongside their spouses, bringing forth a new reality : theimperial couple and a bicephalous power.The main hypothesis consists in demonstrating that, from a historical point of view, Late Antiquity is aperiod of true evolution in a civilisation traditionally structured mentally by an obsession for manlinessand institutionally by a masculine political power. This era could be caracterise by the birth of thepolitical woman, to the point where certain authors of antiquity tend to define feminity in power as anew form of masculinity. Far from agreeing with them, this thesis will consist in asking ourselves if afeminine power can exist without being considered as a masculinization
Salameh-Ayanian, Madonna. "L'évolution de la carrière des femmes cadres entre choix ou contraintes : le cas du secteur bancaire libanais." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020041.
Full textWomen have always been an inherent part of the workforce. They have been playing a fundamental role throughout history; however, they have been considerably underrepresented in top management positions. The existent barrier between middle and top management positions entitled “Glass Ceiling” remains almost as impassable as it has been 20 years ago, even though the number of educated women who have entered the labor market has substantially increased. The purpose of this research is to identify why the number of women in the top management positions of the Lebanese banks remains minim. As such, the primary object lies in analyzing the correlation between the aspiration and ambition of women to access the highest levels in the organization’s hierarchy and the glass ceiling phenomena. Moreover, this study focuses on the leadership styles adopted by these women; it aims at measuring the impact of the adopted style on the hierarchical advancement in the chosen career. In Lebanon, the banking sector is eager to reduce professional discrepancies; however, these gaps remain existent between men and women. Several factors, some of which are explicit – such as training & development and mobility, others implicit such as the working schedules and the maternity leaves, interact and interrelate to explain the less favorable career paths that women face. A close-ended questionnaire has been communicated throughout a secured website to middle management women in 6 banks operating in Lebanon in order to determine the relationship between the identified dependant and independent variables. The hypothesis statements were accepted as true; stipulating that several factors affect the perpetuity of the glass ceiling
Ferland, Julie. "Effets de genre sur les préférences des athlètes adolescents pour des comportements de leadership de l'entraîneur." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/46513.
Full textSantoni, Juliane. "Le rôle de la sensibilisation, de l'accompagnement et de l'auto-efficacité entrepreneuriale perçue dans l'engagement entrepreneurial des femmes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAB008/document.
Full textA growing interest is given to women entrepreneurs in the public and academic arena. (Hughes et al., 2012), as well as to the actors and practices of the entrepreneurial support industry (Fayolle, 2004; Sammut, 2003). However, few studies are conducted on the entrepreneurial support of women entrepreneurs (Lebègue, 2015). Women entrepreneurs show some specificities and academics call for a greater coherence between the needs and wants of entrepreneurs and the entrepreneurial support practices (Verstraete, 2002; Chabaud et al., 2010). Moreover, the studies on women entrepreneurs are centered on their hurdles more than on their levers. Thanks to a qualitative approach, our results first show the hurdles of levers of women entrepreneurs through the 5Ms canvas of women’s entrepreneurship (Brush et al., 2009). The main levers appear to be entrepreneurial support and awareness, and perceived self-efficacy (Bandura, 1997; McGee et al., 2009). Then, our results concern the implementation and evaluation phases of the intervention-research led in an entrepreneurship center. Our contribution is to give an insight on different entrepreneurial support processes – one of them is compatible with the four profiles of women entrepreneurs. We also highlight different forms of entrepreneurial awareness that further entrepreneurial commitment of women
Toe, Mamadou. "Diversité et gouvernance des entreprises : contribution à la question de la représentativité des femmes dans les instances de gouvernance et ses enjeux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799181.
Full textMouchingam, Mefire Laurentine. "Politiques publiques, programmes et projets sensibles au genre : cas de la communauté Mandjara au Cameroun." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20435.
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