Journal articles: 'Leaf concentrates'

1

Hernandez, Teresa, Amelia Hernandez, and Carmen Martinez. "Polyphenols in alfalfa leaf concentrates." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 39, no. 6 (1991): 1120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00006a025.

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Sodamade, A. "Proximate Analysis, Mineral Content, Amino Acid Composition and Functional Properties of Vernonia amygdalina Vegetable Leaf Protein Concentrates." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 3 (2013): 204–10. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.3.011613386.

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Freshly harvested Vernonia amygdalina green vegetable was authenticated and processed for its vegetable leaf protein concentrates with a view to evaluate its proximate constituents, amino acid content and mineral composition. Proximate analysis was determined using standard analytical technique. The nutrient composition of the protein concentrates revealed the moisture content (66.45±0.07), Crude fat (9.20 ±0.85), Crude fibre (10.46±1.05), Crude protein (44.28 ±2.43), ash (12.48± 0.24) and Carbohydrate (23.58±3.4). The mineral content of the sample indicated that Ca, Mg, K, and Na are the most abundant minerals with the following values Na;57.5±0.34,Ca;151.6±1.40, K; 61.5±0.38, Mg; 96.5±0.96, other minerals that were present in the sample in trace concentration are Fe(2.3 ± 0.42), Zn (1.11± 0.11), Mn (0.1± 0.14), Cu (0.1 ± 0.73), Pb (0.1± 0.63),while Selenium were not detected in the sample indicating that the leaf concentrate is fit for dietary consumption. The amino acid profile reveals favourable nutritional balance with the presence of essential and non-essential amino acid except that tryptophan which was believed to be predominant in animal protein was not detected.

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Coldebella, Priscila F., Simone D. Gomes, Janete A. Evarini, Marney P. Cereda, Sílvia R. M. Coelho, and Anderson Coldebella. "Evaluation of protein extraction methods to obtain protein concentrate from cassava leaf." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 6 (2013): 1223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000600015.

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The cassava leaf, waste generated in the harvest of the roots, is characterized by high content of protein, vitamins and minerals; however, its use is limited due to the high fiber content and antinutritional substances, which can be removed by obtaining protein concentrates. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate protein extraction processes, aiming the use of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as an alternative protein. Four methods were tested: 1) Coagulation of Proteins by Lowering the Temperature, 2) Extraction by Isoelectric Precipitation, 3) Solubilization of Proteins and 4) Fermentation of Filter Leaf Juice. To obtain the concentrates, the use of fresh or dried leaves and extraction in one or two steps were also evaluated. The solubilization of proteins (method 3) showed a higher extraction yield; however, with concentrate of low quality. The fermentation of the juice (method 4) produced concentrates with higher quality and lower costs and the isoelectric precipitation (method 2) promoted the obtention of concentrates in less time, both with good prospects for use. The use of two extraction steps was not advantageous to the process and there was no difference between the use of fresh or dried leaf, and the use of fresh leaves is presented as a good option for the simplicity of the method.

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Hernandez, Teresa, and Amelia Hernandez. "Available carbohydrates in alfalfa leaf protein concentrates." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42, no. 8 (1994): 1747–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00044a033.

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Adeagbo, A.I., K.A. Bolaji, and O.F. Odoje. "Nutritive Potentials of Allium Cepa and Diplotaxis Tenufolia Vegetable Leaf Protein Concentrates." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 3 (2013): 211–14. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.3.011613390.

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Leaf protein concentrates were derived from two vegetable species; Allium ceppa and Diplotaxis Tenuifolia. The two samples were evaluated for their nutritional values using standard analytical techniques for proximate, amino acid and functional properties. In proximate analysis, ash, carbohydrates, proteins, fibre, fats and moisture were assayed, while amino acid was determined using method of Sparkman et al. and functional properties determined using method of coffman Gargia and Beuchat. The highest value of crude protein was recorded in Allium ceppa while Diplotaxis Tenuifolia has highest value of Nitrogen free extract. Other values of proximate analysis were present in significant proportion. The amino acid profile of the leaf protein concentrates indicated favourable nutritional balance except that tryptophan which is the limiting amino acid.The water absorption capacity, fat emulsion capacity foaming and foaming stability reveal good functional properties.

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Dr, Sharjeel Hassan Dr Shaista Qasim Dr Tanzeelah Shamshad. "TREATMENT OF SKIN CONTAMINATIONS AND HUMAN WELL-BEING THROUGH ALOE VERA LEAF GEL AND RIND." INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES o6, no. 08 (2019): 14811–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3370322.

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Butyric corrosive was recognized by GC/MSD examination from ether concentrate of the gel ageing juices, expecting various gainful impacts of butyric corrosive at the intestinal and additional intestinal dimension. Aloe Vera concentrates have antimicrobial and against parasitic exercises, which might almost certainly treat minor skin contaminations. Present examination displays that day by day admission of the butyric corrosive ageing concentrate from Aloe Vera inward gel with endophytic microbes may give the conceivable potential preventive and helpful jobs in human wellbeing. Regardless of antimicrobial exercises, the internal leaf gel containing acemannan: non-edible polysaccharide, prompts maturation with endophytic microorganisms and results in bacterial development advancement. No short chain unsaturated fats were recognized in the ether concentrates of the ageing stock with the skin. Keywords: Endophytic bacteria fermentation; Aloe Vera inner gel; Short-chain fatty acids; Butyric acid.

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Nwokoro, S. O., O. W. Agbonghae, N. C. Akaeze, and E. E. Onojeta. "Chemical Compositions of Leaf Protein Concentrate and Bagasse of Pride of Barbados (Caesalpinia pulcherrima) Leaves obtained from three Different Locations in Benin City, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 26, no. 5 (2022): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v26i5.10.

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To optimize food and feed production in Nigeria and meet protein demands, viable options need to be explored. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse. Freshly harvested Pride of Barbados leaves were obtained from three different locations in Benin City and processed for its leaf protein concentrate and bagasse using heat coagulated method. Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse were analysed for proximate and mineral compositions using standard analytical procedures. Proximate analysis revealed that the dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ash, and nitrogen free extract contents of Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrates were 91.17%, 31.12%, 8.33%, 7.92%, 8.2%, and 35.3%, respectively. Pride of Barbados bagasse had a lower crude protein (9.22%) but higher fibre content (10.72%) compared to those of Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate. Na, K, Ca, and Mg were the most abundant minerals in Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse. Chromium was very low in the leaf protein concentrate and bagasse. Proximate compositions were significantly (p<0.05) affected by location. Pride of Barbados leaf protein concentrate and bagasse can be used as livestock feed ingredient.

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Naveen B, Anil Kumar A, Abhilash G, Akila CR, and Raja Sheker K. "In-Vitro analysis of medicinal plant for anti-inflammatory properties." International Journal of Novel Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijntps.v10i3.1361.

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This examination demonstrations the in vitro mitigating impact of leaf concentrates of Polyalthia longifolia. These were investigated in various measures to decide their mitigating impacts. Protein denaturation and RBC film adjustment were measured. The outcomes were accounted for as % hindrance in triplicate assurance and were exposed to factual additionally, diclofenac Aspirin and sodium were utilized as norms. The consequence of the % restraint of protein denaturation demonstrated that at 1mg/ml diclofenac, ethanolic extricate, new leaf fluid concentrate and dry leaf watery concentrate. Because of dissecting the MS and UV information and in contrast with the legitimate norms, an aggregate of 10 polyphenols were recognized and measured, counting gallic corrosive, catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, and their subordinates. This is the primary investigation looking at the leaves, as opposed to the organic product or seeds reasonably collected yet underutilized by nearby indigenous people groups. The concoction outline of the leaf was thoroughly broke down and prompted the ID of 10 polyphenol mixes, counting phenolic corrosive and flavonoids. The individual polyphenols were effectively quantitated, utilizing UV recognition. Additional bioactivity examinations demonstrated that the concentrates of leaf display cancer prevention agent, antiproliferation, and calming exercises. The primary atomic component may mostly be donated by the hindrance of NF-κB enactment, a typical sign alleyway among multiplication and aggravation. Additional examinations are expected to investigate whether these polyphenol mixes could work synergistically to accomplish significantly better exercises than each solitary segment. The concoction bioactivities and profile decided to help its conventional usage and might assistance for its additional pharmacological investigations and nutraceutical requests.

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Enawati, L. S., Markus M. Kleden, and Marfandi M. Robo. "THE EFFECT OF GIVING CONCENTRATES CONTAINING KELOR LEAF FLOURS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS ON NITROGEN UTILISATION OF LOCAL GOAT." Journal of Tropical Animal Science and Technology 1, no. 1 (2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/jtast.v1i1.294.

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The study aimed to determine the effect of the use of feed concentrates containing Moringa leaf flour on protein consumption, protein digestibility and rumen ammonia concentration. Data were analyzed using a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, and continued with the Duncan test. The treatments in this study include: K1: Concentrate without the use of Moringa leaf flour; Concentrate with the addition of 10% Moringa leaf flour; K3: Concentrate with the use of Moringa leaf flour 20%; and K4: Concentrate with the use of 30% Moringa leaf flour. The variables determined were Rough Protein Consumption and Digestion and rumen NH3 Concentration. The results showed that protein (g / tail / day) consumption and crude protein digestibility (%) were highest in the treatment of K4: 36.37 and 72.01, then followed by K3: 35.81 da. 71.93; K2: 35.06 and 69.85 and K1: 31.99 and 59.91. The highest rumen NH3 (mM) concentration is also occupied by K4: 19.77 followed; K3: 18.24; K2: 16.48 and K1: 11.16. The results of statistical analysis showed that the treatment had no significant effect (p> 0.05) on consumption and had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the digestibility coefficient of crude protein and rumen NH3. It was concluded that the use of Moringa leaf flour as a constituent component to the level of 30% can be used for animal feed to increase consumption and nutrient digestibility of livestock as well as the provision of rumen NH3.

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Sodamade, A., S. M. Raimi, A. D. |. Owonikoko, and A. T. Adebimpe. "Nutritive Evaluation, Mineral Composition and Phytochemical Analysis of Leaf Protein Concentrates of Daucus carota." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 767–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591075.

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Fresh green leaves of Daucus Carota was harvested and processed with a view to analyse its photochemical constituents and nutritional potentials. Proximate analysis, mineral analysis and phytochemical analysis was determining using standard analytical techniques. The nutrient composition of the leaf protein concentrate revealed Moisture content 8.69±0.03 g 100g, crude protein 18.38±0.08 g 100g, crude fibre 14.81±0.02 g 100g, crude fat 5.69±0.23 g 100g, Ash 19.69±0.02g 100g , and NFE 32.74±0.43 g 100g.The mineral analysis of the sample shows the concentrations of the elements in the following descending order of magnitude Ca P Mg Na Fe K Zn Cu Mn Se while Hg was not detected in the sample. The photochemical constituents also revealed Tanin 3.66±0.16 mg 100g, Saponin 4.34±0.06 mg 100g, Alkaloid 10.49±0.02 mg 100g, Oxalate 6.89±0.04 mg 100g, Phytate 14.62±0.05 mg 100g, Phenolics 3.75±0.82 mg 100g, Flavonoids 3.62±0.43 mg 100g. High Concentration of Calcium and Phosphorus indicates that Daucus carota leaf protein concentrates is fit for consumption by children, pregnant women and weaned infants for good teeth and bone formation. The constituents of Daucus carota leaf protein concentrates present values of significant nutritional benefits and can find application in various food additives, binders, flavonoids and vitamins. It could also be used as additives in some drugs if the active compounds present in it could be analysed to detect its suitability. Sodamade, A. | Raimi, S. M. | Owonikoko, A. D. | Adebimpe, A. T. "Nutritive Evaluation, Mineral Composition and Phytochemical Analysis of Leaf Protein Concentrates of Daucus carota" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26427.pdf

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Perdana, Sigit, I. Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra, and I. Gede Mahardika. "The effect of concentrate replacement level with gamal leaf (gliricidia sepium) in ransum on rument metabolite products and blood goat profile." International journal of life sciences 4, no. 1 (2020): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29332/ijls.v4n1.379.

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This study aims to determine the effect of replacing concentrates with Gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium) in the ration on the product and the performance of rumen metabolites and the blood profile of PE goats. The experimental design used was the Latin square design, 4 x 4 that is 4 treatments with four 4 replications each experiment unit consisted of 1 animal. One treatment period for 2 weeks. The first week was adapted and the second week the data collection process was carried out. The treatment given is as follows. The treatments are A (45% concentrate and 55% field grass); B (Gamal 15% with 30% concentrate and 55% field grass); C (Gamal 30% with 15% concentrate and 55% field grass); D (Gamal 45% and field grass 55%). The results of this study indicate that the effect of the rate of replacement of concentrates with Gamal leaves (Gliricidia sepium) in the ration on rumen metabolite products PE goat was significantly different (P <0.05) total VFA concentration and VFA Parcial. The concentration of N-NH3, protozoan population the acidity of pH, methane production showed results that were not significantly different.

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SODAMADE, A. "ASSESSMENT OF NUTRIENT POTENTIAL, MINERAL CONTENT AND AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF Thaumatococcus daniellii LEAF PROTEIN CONCENTRATES." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 22, no. 22 (2014): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v22.n22.2014.64_revista2014.pdf.

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Freshly harvested Thaumatococcos daniellii, was plucked and processed for its vegetable leaf protein concentrates with a view to evaluate its proximate constituents, amino acid content and mineral composition. Proximate analysis was determined using standard analytical technique. The nutrient composition of the protein concentrates revealed; the moisture content (9.94±0.01), crude fat (6.69±0.23), crude fibre (13.06 ±_0.17), crude protein (52.07 ± 0.20), ash (15.10 ± 0.13) and Carbohydrate (1.12±0.43). The mineral content of the sample indicated that Ca, Mg, K, and Na are the most abundant minerals with the following values Na;70.6±0.42,Ca;19. 70±0.28, K; 90.3±0.42, Mg; 103.9±0. 76, other minerals that were presentin the sample in trace concentration are Fe(2.00 ± 0.46), Zn (2.90± 1.06), Mn (2.50± 0.12), Cu (0.2± 0.58), Pb (0.1± 0.44), while selenium were not detected in the sample indicating that the leaf concentrate is fit for dietary consumption. The amino acid profile reveals favourable nutritional balance with the presence of essential and nonessential amino acids except that tryptophan which was believed to be predominant in animal protein was not detected.

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Marhaeniyanto, Eko, and Sri Susanti. "Fermentabilitas ruminal secara in vitro suplementasi tepung daun gamal, kelor, randu dan sengon dalam konsentrat hijau." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 28, no. 3 (2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiip.2018.028.03.04.

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The aim of this research was to study the in vitro ruminal fermentability of supplementation of Gliricidia sepium, Moringa oleifera, Lamk (MOL), Ceiba pentandra and Paraserianthes falcataria leaf meal in concentrate feed to be tested on sheep. This research with the experimental methods was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 6 treatments and 3 groups. The treatment feed tested consisted of concentrate without leaves and concentrate with leaf meal supplementation. Crude protein content (CP) concentrates were prepared 16%, 18% and 20%. Supplementation uses a mixture of Gliricidia sepium, MOL, Ceiba pentandra and Paraserianthes falcataria leaf meal in concentrate feed (1: 1: 1: 1) as much as 10%, 20% and 30%. The measured variables were degradation of dry matter (DDM) and degradation of organic matter (DOM), gas production rate, microbial biomass and NH3 concentration. The use of mixed leaf meal in concentrate feed resulted in in vitro DDM as well as concentrate feed without leaf meal supplementation. Supplementation of leaf meal in concentrate feed as much as 30% with CP 20% resulted in a decrease in the value of fermentability. The supplementation of leaf meal in concentrate feed as much as 20% in concentrate feed with CP 18% produced the best fermentability value. Suggested for in-vivo trials on sheep using 18% protein concentrate feed by utilizing Gliricidia sepium, MOL, Ceiba pentandra and Paraserianthes falcataria leaf meal in concentrate feed as cheap protein sources.

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Aletor, O., A. A. Oshodi, and K. Ipinmoroti. "Chemical composition of common leafy vegetables and functional properties of their leaf protein concentrates." Food Chemistry 78, no. 1 (2002): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(01)00376-4.

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Jamarun, N., Z. Ikhlas, and RWW Sari. "The effect of mangrove leaf (Rhizophora apiculata) based diet and fermented tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) on the metabolite status of kacang goats." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1341, no. 1 (2024): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1341/1/012067.

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Abstract Mangrove leaves are coastal plants that can be utilized as livestock feed. To enhance their nutritional content and shelf life, appropriate technologies such as hay production are employed. Fermented Tithonia is used as a protein source in the diet of Kacang goats. This study aimed to optimize the performance of Kacang goats through a combination of mangrove leaf hay and fermented Tithonia. The formulation was designed to minimize the use of concentrates in the diet. A total of 16 male Kacang goats, aged 1 year, the following were used in this research. A Replicated Complete Goup Design was employed, with four diet treatments and four groups based on goats weight. The treatments consisted of : (T1; 35% mangrove leaf + 5% Tithonia diversifolia + 60% Concentrate, T2; 30% mangrove leaf + 10% Tithonia diversifolia + 60% concentrate, T3; 25% mangrove leaf + 15% Tithonia diversifolia + 60% Concentrate, T4; 20% mangrove leaf + 20% Tithonia diversifolia + 60% Concentrate). Parameters measured included blood cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Results indicated that treatment P4 provided the best blood metabolite profile, with a cholesterol value of 61.95 mg/dl, HDL value of 54.27 mg/dl, and LDL value of 32.44 mg/dl. This proves that treatment T4 combination of 20% mangrove leaves, 20% Tithonia and 60% concentrate produces low cholesterol kacang goats that are good for human consumption.

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FAVATI, FABIO, JERRY W. KING, JOHN P. FRIEDRICH, and KENNETH ESKINS. "Supercritical CO2Extraction of Carotene and Lutein from Leaf Protein Concentrates." Journal of Food Science 53, no. 5 (1988): 1532–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1988.tb09317.x.

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Famuwagun, A. A., K. A. Taiwo, S. O. Gbadamosi, D. J. Oyedele, R. E. Aluko, and O. C. Adebooye. "Extraction Optimization and Antioxidant Properties of African Eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon) Leaf Polyphenols." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2159183.

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Optimization of the yield, total phenolic content (TPC), and total antioxidant activities (TAA) of polyphenol concentrates extracted from Solanum macrocarpon leaves was studied using response surface methodology. The process variables investigated included extraction temperature (30, 50, and 70°C), extraction time (2, 4, and 6 h), and dried leaf powder : water ratio (1 : 10, 1 : 20, and 1 : 30 w/v). Box–Behnken design resulted in 15 experimental runs. The results showed the following optimum extraction conditions: temperature, 49.05°C; extraction time, 243 min; leaf powder : water ratio, 1 : 22 w/v. The optimized extraction conditions gave polyphenol concentrate yield, TPC, and TAA values of 24.94%, 421.09 mg GAE/g, and 23.81 mg AAE/g, respectively. Results of the in vitro antioxidant activities of the polyphenol concentrate showed 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate, metal chelating ability, and ferric reducing ability values of 76.78%, 80.22%, and 56.46 mg AAE/g, respectively. The study concludes that the experimental values compared closely with the predicted values, which indicates suitability of the model employed for polyphenol extraction optimization from dried S. macrocarpon leaves.

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., Ayodeji O. Fasuyi, and Valentine A. Aletor . "Varietal Composition and Functional Properties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta, Cranzt) Leaf Meal and Leaf Protein Concentrates." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 4, no. 1 (2004): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2005.43.49.

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Rawiwan, Pattarasuda, and Siew Young Quek. "Physicochemical and functional attributes of RuBisCo-enriched Brassicaceae leaf protein concentrates." Food Hydrocolloids 151 (June 2024): 109887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2024.109887.

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Pearce, Joshua M., Maryam Khaksari, and David Denkenberger. "Preliminary Automated Determination of Edibility of Alternative Foods: Non-Targeted Screening for Toxins in Red Maple Leaf Concentrate." Plants 8, no. 5 (2019): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8050110.

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Alternative food supplies could maintain humanity despite sun-blocking global catastrophic risks (GCRs) that eliminate conventional agriculture. A promising alternative food is making leaf concentrate. However, the edibility of tree leaves is largely uncertain. To overcome this challenge, this study provides the methods for obtaining rapid toxics screening of common leaf concentrates. The investigation begins with a non-targeted approach using an ultra-high-resolution hybrid ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled to an ultra-high pressure two-dimensional liquid chromatograph system on the most common North American leaf: the red maple. Identified chemicals from this non-targeted approach are then cross-referenced with the OpenFoodTox database to identify toxic chemicals. Identified toxins are then screened for formula validation and evaluated for risk as a food. The results after screening show that red maple leaf concentrate contains at least eight toxic chemicals, which upon analysis do not present substantial risks unless consumed in abundance. This indicates that red maple leaf is still a potential alternative food. The results are discussed in the context of expanding the analysis with open science and using leaf extract from other plants that are not traditionally used as foods to offset current global hunger challenges, and move to a more sustainable food system while also preparing for GCRs.

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Sodamade, A., KA Bolaji, A. Adeagbo, et al. "Nutritional Characteristics, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Study of Vaccinium parvifolium L. (Ericacea) Leaf Protein Concentrates." European Journal of Food Science and Technology 13, no. 1 (2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.37745/ejfst.2013/vol13n1114.

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Problems associated with protein malnutrition are still prevalent in third-world countries, leading to a constant search for plants that could serve as nutrients and medicinal purposes. Huckleberry is one of the plants that has been proven useful locally in the treatment of numerous ailments and diseases. A fresh sample of the plant (Vaccinium pavifolium) was collected from a vegetable garden situated near the Erelu dam of the Emmanuel Alayande University of Education Campus, Oyo. The sample was authenticated at the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) Ibadan. The leaves of the plant were plucked and processed for leaf protein concentrates before proximate composition, mineral analysis phytochemical and antimicrobial properties were determined using a standard method of analysis.The results of proximate constituents showed; moisture content; 9.89±0.051g/100g, Ash; 3.23±0.12g/100g, crude fat; 3.96±0.11g/100g and 61.27±0.56g/100g of Nitrogen free extractive. The mineral analysis of the sample showed; Mg; 0.081±0.00mg/100g, Ca; 42.30±0.05mg/100g, Na; 27.57±0.09mg/100g, K; 6.81±0.01mg/100g, P; 8.90±0.03mg/100g, Fe; 0.51±0.00mg/100g, Zn; 0.021±0.00mg/100g, Cd; 0.04±0.04mg/100g, Pb; 0.002±0.00mg/100g, Cr; 0.041±0.00mg/100g Cadmium and Mercury were not detected in the sample. The result of phytochemical analysis of leaf protein concentrates of the Huckleberry showed the presence of Alkaloid, Saponin, Flavonoid, Tanin, Coumarin, Steroids, Terpenoids, Cardiac glycosides, Glycosides, Quinones, Anthocyanin, phytosterols, and phenols. Ethanolic extracts of the Vaccinium parvifolium L. leaf protein concentrates showed that it contains bioactive compounds that are capable of combating the following microorganisms; Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebisialae pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis. The results of the analysis of Vaccinium parvifolium L. leaf protein concentrates showed that the sample contains valuable nutrient and mineral constituents, and phytochemical compounds that could make the sample useful for medicinal activities.

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MARDIANA, RUTH NOVA, and NESTRI HANDAYANI. "Antibacterial activity of the sambiloto leaf extracts (Andrographis paniculata) to Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 14, no. 1 (2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f140103.

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Mardiana RN, Handayani N. 2016. Antibacterial activity of the sambiloto leaf extracts (Andrographis paniculata) to Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofarmasi 14: 19-24. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of sambiloto ( Andrographis paniculata Nees. ) extract against bacterial Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Some research had proven sambiloto leaf extract evident had antibacterial activity to bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The sample of sambiloto leaf was macerated using 70% ethanol, and the extract was concentrated using rotary evaporator. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by diffusion method. Antibacterial potency of the extract was compared with by Amoxicillin made default curve among logarithm concentrates to constraining diameter (mm), then accounted by its equivalence point. Ethanol extract of sambiloto leaf had antibacterial activity to B. cereus and P. aeruginosa. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 12,5% against B. cereus and P. aeruginosa. The potential antibacterial activity of sambiloto leaf extract was 0,2% for B. cereus and 0.3% for P. aeruginosa; as compared with Amoxicillin. This, potential antibacterial activity of sambiloto leaf extract to the two tested bacteria was much smaller than that of Amoxicillin synthetic antibiotic.

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Adeagbo, A. I., K. A. Bolaji, and O. F. Odoje. "Nutritive Potentials of Allium Cepa and Diplotaxis Tenufolia Vegetable Leaf Protein Concentrates." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 3 (2013): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2013.3.011613390.

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Pandey, V. N., and A. K. Srivastava. "Yield and quality of leaf protein concentrates from Monochoria hastata (L.) Solms." Aquatic Botany 40, no. 3 (1991): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(91)90065-d.

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Shen, Chen, and Wenbiao Wu. "Simultaneous Production of Leaf Protein Concentrates and Antioxidants by Aqueous Ethanol Extraction." Journal of Food Process Engineering 40, no. 1 (2015): e12307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.12307.

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Kiura, Joseph Ndwiga, James Ombiro Ondiek, Perminus Karubiu Migwi, and Abdi Yakub Guliye. "Optimizing Energy and Protein Contents in A Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala lam.) Leaf-Based Concentrate for Dairy Goats Fed Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum schumach) Basal Diet in Kenya." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 7, no. 2 (2024): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.7.2.2308.

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Dairy goats provide food and financial security through their milk and meat. The main basal diet for confined dairy goats in Kenya is Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach). However, optimal milk production is hampered by the high cost of protein and energy supplements that are required while feeding the grass. The protein supplement affordability is of greater limitation among farmers, therefore use of protein-rich forages in a supplement can lower the concentrate cost. Information on the optimal protein and energy inclusion levels in a forage-based concentrate for dairy goats is hardly available in Kenya. A study was therefore conducted whereby Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala Lam.) leaf hay was used as the main protein source in four concentrates formulated with crude protein (CP) content (gkg-1) and metabolizable energy (ME) levels (MJkg-1), respectively, of: 135, 12; 160, 10; 185, 8; and 210, 6; respectively. A fifth supplement was formulated, representing the commonly used cattle dairy meal (160 g CPkg-1 DM and 10 MJ MEkg-1 DM, respectively), using commercial sunflower seedcake as a protein source. The concentrates were fed at 300 gday-1 to lactating Toggenburg dairy goats on Napier grass basal diet, in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. The total dry matter intake by the goats was 1.059-1.128 kg DM/goat day-1, with a milk production of 221.3-285.5 mL/goat day-1. It was concluded that the appropriate CP and ME levels in the Leucaena-based concentrate are 135 gkg-1 DM and 12 MJkg-1 DM, respectively. It was recommended that other protein-rich forages be explored

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Al-Ogaili N, Bilal R, Younis H, and Khadim T. "The examination of the water concentrates of laurus nobilis leaves antibacterial activity utilizing various strategies for extraction (in vitro)." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i1.1786.

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The utilization of antimicrobials is essential to battle bacterial ailment. Yet, because of the expanding abuse of antimicrobial medications that are utilized in the treatment of infectious diseases, resistance by bacteria developed. The objective of the investigation is to detect the in vitro antibacterial impact of bay leaf water concentrates utilizing distinctive extraction strategies. The impact of water concentrates of bay leaf ( Laurus noblis) employing maceration and decoction extraction methods against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were tested by “agar well diffusion” technique. The consequences of the investigation demonstrated insignificant differences between techniques for extractions. The study concludes that the in vitro antibacterial effect might be potentiated against test strains by using different methods for extraction and solvent systems, which might be helpful to defeat antimicrobial resistance.

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Kaur, G., and S. Bhatia. "Characterization of radish leaf protein concentrates for biochemical, functional properties, antioxidant activity, mineral content and microbial stability." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 17, no. 2 (2021): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/17.2/185-193.

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Leaf protein concentrate was extracted from radish leaves using heat coagulation and analyzed for its antioxidant capacity, mineral content, functional properties and microbial stability. Radish leaf protein concentrates (RLPC) constituted 48.3 % protein content and a yield of 38.51% (DW). Glutelins (42.27 %), prolamins (29.07%) and albumins (19.32 %) were found to be three major fractions of protein concentrate, while globulins (9.38%) was a minor component and their apparent molecular weights ranged between 12-60 kDa. Antioxidant activities (FRAP, ABTS and DPPH ) were higher in RLPC as compared to the isolated fractions. Among fractions, globulins and prolamins exhibited highest DPPH and FRAP activity while highest ABTS activity was associated with glutelins, respectively. Functional properties viz., water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability of the RLPC were 545, 347, 51.8 and 49.4%, respectively. The maximum solubility of RLPC was observed at pH 12 (44.64%) and the minimum solubility was observed at pH 4 (28.24%). A considerable amount of minerals were present in the RLPC, Ca and Fe being the most abundant. Microbial load of RLPC remained in acceptable limits up to 35 and 21 days of storage under refrigerated and ambient conditions, respectively. These results indicated that LPC have desirable functional properties, a considerable mineral content, high antioxidant activity and sufficient microbial stability. Thus they could be used as a functional ingredient to be incorporated in food products to supplement diet and combat protein deficiency.

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Akaeze, N. C., and M. A. Paul-Osagie. "Physicochemical Composition of Leaf Protein Concentrates and Bagasse Obtained from Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Leaves Using Three Different Processing Methods." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 8 (2023): 1733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i8.17.

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The experiment was conducted to determine yield, physical and chemical composition of leaf protein concentrates (LPC) and bagasse obtained from Cassava leaves using three different methods. The process of extraction was done using heat coagulation, alum precipitation and acid coagulation methods, then the leaf protein concentrates and bagasse obtained were analysed for their chemical compositions. The yield of LPC obtained via alum precipitation was statistically (p<0.05) higher than that obtained from heat coagulation method and acid coagulation method. The bagasse yield was (19.47%). The chemical analysis reveals that ether extract from alum precipitated LPC was higher than that of heat coagulation method and acid coagulation method, the crude protein from alum precipitation method was also higher than that from heat coagulation method and acid coagulation. The CP and EE of the bagasse were low (30.92% and 6.32%), respectively. The Ash of the heat coagulation method was lower than that from alum precipitation method but higher than that from the acid coagulation. The CF of the LPC obtained from heat coagulation method was higher than that of the LPC obtained from alum precipitation method but lower than that of the LPC obtained from acid coagulation. The CF of bagasse was high; while the Ash of the bagasse was low. The minerals, potassium, phosphorus and calcium were higher in LPC heat coagulation method than that obtained in LPC from the other two methods (p<0.05). Cassava leaf protein concentrates obtained using alum precipitation would be preferred as a result of its high crude protein content.

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NK, Cinsy. "Structural, Morphological Studies and Photocatalytic Activity of CdZns Nanoparticles Fused with Ocimum Tenuiflorum Leaf Extract." Nanomedicine & Nanotechnology Open Access 8, no. 2 (2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/nnoa-16000228.

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A group 2-6 ternary semiconductor nanoparticle, CdZnS mixed with Ocimum Tenuiflorum leaf extract was prepared using chemical precipitation method at two different concentration of extract (10 ml and 20 ml). Structural, elemental, morphological, optical analyses were done. Particle size of the prepared sample was calculated using XRD pattern, also structure of the sample was confirmed. Elemental analysis was done using EDAX, confirms the elemental composition in the corresponding ratio. SEM study was employed to analyse the morphology of the sample. UV –Visible spectroscopy was done to analyse the absorption of the sample as well as Tauc plot was used to find the band gap energy. Photocatalytic activity of the sample was studied and investigated that the photocatalytic degradation was enhanced by adding the leaf extract to the CdZnS nanoparticle. The present study concentrates on the structural, morphological and optical changes occurred by adding the leaf extract. Also the effect on photocatalytic activity of CdZnS nanoparticles by adding the leaf extract.

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Tyas, Dyah Istining, Indria Nuraini, and Annah Hubaedah. "Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum) Efektif Menghambat Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus: Uji In Vitro." WOMB Midwifery Journal 3, no. 1 (2024): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54832/wombmidj.v3i1.333.

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Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins are some of the antibacterial components found in the red betel (Piper crocatum). The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial inhibitory power of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) extract with cefadroxil against staphylococcus aureus and determine how well the extract inhibits bacterial growth in vitro using the diffusion method. An in vitro laboratory experiment with a true experimental post-test only control group design was the design used for this research. It was found that 30% (16.3mm) and 45% (16.8mm) concentrates had a strong resistance response, while 60% (18.8mm) and 100% (22.1mm) concentrates had the inhibitory response is very strong. In the positive control group, the inhibitory power was found to be 30.6mm, which shows that the inhibition zone formed was larger than in all red betel leaf extract treatments. All treatment group data were normally distributed, according to the results of statistical analysis in homogeneity and normality tests (p>0.05). Staphylococcus aureus grows more slowly and in fewer numbers when the red betel leaf extract content is greater. To determine the level of safety and toxicity, further studies on the antibacterial properties of red betel leaf extract in vivo are needed.

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Bata, Muhamad, Sri Rahayu, and Nur Hidayat. "Performan Sapi Sumba Ongole (SO) yang Diberi Jerami Padi Amoniasi dan Konsentrat yang Disuplementasi dengan Tepung Daun Waru (Hibiscus Tiliaceus)." Jurnal Agripet 16, no. 2 (2016): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v16i2.5344.

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ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui interaksi antara penambahan tepung daun waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) (TDW) dan imbangan bahan kering (BK) jerami padi amoniasi (JPA) dan konsentrat terhadap konsumsi BK, kecernaan bahan organik (KBO) dan performan sapi Sumba Ongole (SO). Sebanyak 18 ekor sapi SO jantan dengan bobot awal 218,67 Kg ± 17,62. Pola faktorial 2 x 3 yang dirancang menurut Rancangan Acak Lengkap . Faktor pertama adalah imbangan BK JPA dan konsentrat masing-masing 35 : 65 (I1) dan 30 : 70 (I2). Konsentrat disuplementasi dengan TDW dengan level (ppm) 0% (W1), 0,24% (W2), dan 0,48% (W3)sebagai faktor kedua. Konsumsi BK tiap sapi adalah 3,3% dari bobot hidup. Penambahan tepung daun Waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus) dan imbangan BK JPA dan konsentrat maupun interaksinya tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi BK, KBO, performan sapi SO. KBO cenderung tinggi pada I1W2 dan performa cenderung baik level W3 baik pada I1 (1.27 kg ± 0.28 dan`17.21% ± 0.11) maupun I2 (1.26 kg ± 0.08 dan 19.87% ± 0.03). Penambahan tepung daun waru pada konsentrat tidak direkomendasikan untuk memperbaiki KBO maupun performan sapi SO. (Performances of sumba ongole cattle fed ammoniated rice straw and concentrate supplemented with waru leaf meal (Hibiscus tiliaceus)) ABSTRACT. The aim of this research was to find the interaction between supplementation of Hibiscus tilliaceus leaf meal (HLM) and dry matter (DM) ratio of ammoniated rice straw (ARC) and concentrate on DM intake (DMI), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle performances. Eighteen of SO male cattle with the average of 21.67 Kg ±17.62 early body weight were used in this research. Completely Randomized Design with factorial pattern which consists of two factors (2 x 3) was applied. Those factors were DM ratio of ARC and concentrates of 35: 65 (I1) and 30: 70 (I2); and the concentrates that supplemented with HLM level (ppm) of 0% (W1), 0.24% (W2), and 0.48% (W3). DMI of each cattle was 3.3% of body weigh. HLM supplementation and ARC and concentrates DM ratio as well as their interaction were not significantly effected (P> 0.05) on OMD, and SO cattle performances. OMD tended to increase at I1W2 and performances tended to be better at W3 both I1 (1.27 kg ± 0.28 and 17.21% ± 0.11) and I2 (1.26 kg ± 0.08 dan 19.87% ± 0.03). HLB supplementation could not be recommended to improve OMD and SO cattle performances.

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Adeloye, A. A. "Intake And Nutrient Digestibilities Of All-concentrate Diet From Forage And Some Crop Wastes By Sheep And Goats." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 20 (January 5, 2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v20i.2097.

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A total of 20 animals comprising 10 ranis and 10 bucks were involved in a digestibility study to assess the nutritive value of a combination of yam peel, cocoa-seed testa and Leucaena leaf in an all-concentrate diet for the sheep and goat. Parameters for assessment were dry matter intakes, dry matter and nutrient digestibilities, total digestible nutrients and nutritive ratio. The dry matter intakes in the all-concentrate diet by the sheep and goat ( > 4% of body weight) were higher (p<0.05) than obtained for the conventional diet of grass hay and supplemental concentrates of dry matter, crude protein and energy were lower (P<0.05) while those of crude protein and ether extract were higher and significant when compared to the conventional diet. The nature of the crude fibre of all-concentrate feed could influence the dry matter and energy digestibilities, and the digestible energy. The nutritive ratio of the all-concentrate feed was narrow (P<0.05) and indicated a high nutritive value.

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Fajemisin, A. N., G. A. Ibhaze, and A. A. Adeyeye. "Performance of West African dwarf goats fed supplemented with Myrianthus arboreus leaf meal concentrates." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 45, no. 2 (2020): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v45i2.506.

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A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of West African Dwarf goats fed Panicum maximum supplemented with Myrianthus arboreus leaf meal for 49 days. Four diets were formulated such that diet A contained 0.00% Myrianthus arboreus, diet B contained 10.00% Myrianthus arboreus, diet C contained 11.00% Myrianthus arboreus and diet D contained 12.00% Myrianthus arboreus respectively. A total of twelve (12) West African Dwarf goats were randomly allocated to the four diets with three animals per diet, each serving as a replicate. Parameters assessed were the chemical composition of the experimental diets, growth rate and digestibility coefficient of the animals. The results showed that diet D had the highest dry matter (92.55%) and crude protein (20.55%) contents. The average daily weight gain (g/day) of animals was significantly (P<0.05) nfluenced across the treatments. Animals fed diet D recorded the highest weight gain (19.39g/day) while the least weight gain (7.55g/day) was recorded for animals on diet B. The highest total dry matter intake (340.34g/day) was recorded for animals on diet D while the least (313.18g/day) was observed in animals fed diet C. The best feed conversion ratio(17.55) was recorded in animals fed diet D. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the nutrient digestibility of the experimental animals. The highest dry matter (82.70%), crude protein (86.18%) digestibilities were observed in diet D while the least dry matter digestibility (72.73%) was observed in diet B. However, the least fibre fractions digestibilities were observed in diet D. It can therefore be concluded that supplementation of Myrianthus arboreus leaf meal concentrate at 12% inclusion with Panicum maximum as basal diet for goats can enhance nutrient digestibility and improve growth without any deleterious effects on the animals.

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Singh, Suman, V. K. Varshney, Nitin Wahi, and Lutful Haque Khan. "Isolation and Biochemical Analysis of Leaf Protein Concentrates from the Leaves of Shorea robusta." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 13, no. 9 (2014): 546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2014.546.553.

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Sachan, Sanjay, Anuradha Dutta, Shweta Suri, and Soni Tilara. "Leaf Protein Concentrates (LPC) for Food Fortification from Unconventional Plants of the Himalayas, India." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 20, no. 2 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2018/42280.

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SATAKE, Ichiro, Shio MAKINO, Ryosei KAYAMA, and Shozo KOGA. "Compositional and functional characteristics of white clover leaf protein concentrates prepared under various conditions." NIPPON SHOKUHIN KOGYO GAKKAISHI 32, no. 10 (1985): 705–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3136/nskkk1962.32.10_705.

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A., Sodamade,, Amusat, M. A., Adeagbo, A. I., Bolaji, K. A., Odoje, O. F., and Adebimpe A. T. "Assessment of Proximate, Mineral, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Brassica oleraceae L. Leaf Concentrates." Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry 14, no. 5 (2024): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2024/v14i5308.

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Food insecurity, ill health due to microbial infection and malnutrition have led to the search for alternative and affordable measures to address food shortage problems and associated health issues worldwide. This provides an opportunity to investigate the use of plants as a remedy. A fresh sample of Brassica oleracea was selected for the study; the sample was obtained and identified at the Botany Department of the University of Ibadan, washed before being processed into the leaf concentrate and assessed for proximate, mineral, phytochemical and antimicrobial potentials using the standard methods. The results of proximate analysis in g/100g showed; moisture; 8.80±0.16, Ash; 1.38±0.10, crude fat; 4.66±0.12, crude protein; 35.52±0.3, crude fibre; 3.16±0.06 and NFE; 46.45±0.23. The mineral analysis in mg/100g showed Na; 35.81±0.23, K; 3.37±0.01, Ca; 24.71±0.02, Mg; 0.24±0.00, P; 0.91±0.00, Fe; 0.90±0.01, Zn; 0.50±0.00, Cr; 0.10±0.00, Ni; 0.00, and Cu; 0.02±0.01. The sample contains some bioactive phytochemical compounds like steroids, anthraquinones terpenes, and coumarin. The sample extracts also showed antimicrobial potential against the ten selected microbes. The study conducted so far on the selected sample revealed that the sample will be viable ingredients in food formulation, pharmaceutical raw materials and alternative sources of protein.

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Savangikar, Chitra, and Mitsuaki Ohshima. "Application of in vitro methods to assess the nutritive value of leaf protein concentrates." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 35, no. 1 (1987): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00073a019.

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Osuntogun, B. A., S. R. A. Adewusi, L. Telek, and O. L. Oke. "The Effect of Tannin Content on the Nutritive Value of Some Leaf Protein Concentrates." Human Nutrition. Food Sciences and Nutrition 41, no. 1 (1987): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528954.1987.11904099.

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Hussein, Laila, Mohamed El-Fouly, F. K. El-Baz, and S. A. Ghanem. "Nutritional quality and the presence of anti-nutritional factors in leaf protein concentrates (LPC)." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 50, no. 5 (1999): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096374899101067.

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Santamaría-Fernández, Maria, and Mette Lübeck. "Production of leaf protein concentrates in green biorefineries as alternative feed for monogastric animals." Animal Feed Science and Technology 268 (October 2020): 114605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114605.

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Agbede, J. Oluwasola. "Characterisation of the leaf meals, protein concentrates and residues from some tropical leguminous plants." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 86, no. 9 (2006): 1292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2491.

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Mottaghi, Maryam, Theresa K. Meyer, Ross John Tieman, David Denkenberger, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Yield and Toxin Analysis of Leaf Protein Concentrate from Common North American Coniferous Trees." Biomass 3, no. 2 (2023): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomass3020011.

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In the event of an abrupt sunlight reduction scenario, there is a time window that occurs between when food stores would likely run out for many countries (~6 months or less) and ~1 year when resilient foods are scaled up. A promising temporary resilient food is leaf protein concentrate (LPC). Although it is possible to extract LPC from tree biomass (e.g., leaves and needles), neither the yields nor the toxicity of the protein concentrates for humans from the most common tree species has been widely investigated. To help fill this knowledge gap, this study uses high-resolution mass spectrometry and an open-source toolchain for non-targeted screening of toxins on five common North American coniferous species: Western Cedar, Douglas Fir, Ponderosa Pine, Western Hemlock, and Lodgepole Pine. The yields for LPC extraction from the conifers ranged from 1% to 7.5%. The toxicity screenings confirm that these trees may contain toxins that can be consumed in small amounts, and additional studies including measuring the quantity of each toxin are needed. The results indicate that LPC is a promising candidate to be used as resilient food, but future work is needed before LPCs from conifers can be used as a wide-scale human food.

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Bessin, R. T., A. T. Showier, T. E. Reagan, and D. C. Rester. "Secondary Pest Buildup in Response to Insecticides, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (1988): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.294.

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Abstract Foliar spray concentrates were applied from an airplane to a field of plant cane (2 replications) and first-stubble (2 replications) crop sugarcane at Lanaux Plantation near Kilona, La., for evaluation of buildup of secondary pest infestation of the yellow sugarcane aphid. Each plot consisted of a minimum of 30 rows of sugarcane; the size of the plots ranged from 1.8 to 2.4 acres. Each spray concentrate was applied in water to the crop canopy on 60-ft swath widths (10 rows) at a rate of 2 gal of finished formulation/acre/application. The first application of insecticides was begun after internodes were visible and Diatraea saccharalis infestation exceeded 5% of the stalks with live larvae in the leaf sheaths (13 Jul). The second application was made on 17 Aug when that level of D. saccharalis infestation was again detected in Guthion-treated plots. The number of aphids was evaluated by randomly sampling 20 plants weekly and removing a leaf from the upper portion of each plant.

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Näsi, Matti, and Tuomo Kiiskinen. "Leaf protein from green pulse crops and nutritive value of legume protein concentrates for poultry." Agricultural and Food Science 57, no. 2 (1985): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72192.

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Leaf protein concentrate (LPC) samples were prepared from four pulse crops, goat’s rue, pea, field bean and Persian clover. Their proximate composition was 42.5— 53.4 % crude protein, 2.1—7.9 % ether extract and 1.0—3.0 % crude fibre. The lysine content was 4.1—4.8 g/ 16 g N, that of sulphur amino acids 2.0—2.8 g and that of threonine 4.5—4.8 g. The contents of tannins varied from 2.2 to 5.5 %. The nutritional values of the LPC samples were assesed in digestibility and balance trials with male chickens of 16—18 weeks, LPC composing 25 % of the diets. LPC from pea had the highest digestibilities of organic matter (70.3 %), crude protein (77.6 %) and carbohydrates (54.9 %), while LPC from Persian clover had the lowest (P < 0.01). The true digestibilities of crude protein for goat’s rue, pea, field bean and Persian clover were, respectively, 70.0, 82.2, 69,7 and 56.8 % (P < 0.01). The digestibilities of nutrients in the present LPC samples were rather low compared to their minimal crude fibre content. A reason for this may be the contents of tannins. The AMEN values for the LPC’s of goat’s rue, pea, field bean and Persian clover were, respectively, 10.79, 13.15, 9.80 and 9.18 (P < 0.01). The gross energy metabolization ranged from 42.6 to 57.0 %.

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Adeyeye, Emmanuel, and Folasade Omolayo. "Chemical composition and functional properties of leaf protein concentrates of Amaranthus hybridus and Telfairia occidentalis." Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 2, no. 3 (2011): 499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2011.2.3.499.511.

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OHSHIMA, Mitsuaki, and Hiroshi UEDA. "Nutritional Evaluation of Leaf Protein Concentrates Coagulated by Anaerobic Fermentation of Plant Juice in Rats." Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho 57, no. 5 (1986): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2508/chikusan.57.416.

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Hanczakowski, Piotr, and Bogumiła Skraba. "The effect of toxic substances present in some leaf protein concentrates on their nutritiv value." Animal Feed Science and Technology 24, no. 1-2 (1989): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(89)90028-x.

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Fikar, Samsul, Fransisca Maria Suhartati, and Muhamad Bata. "Improvement of Adaptive Saanen Goat Milk Production and Reproduction Fed Diet Supplemented with Indigofera zollingeriana Leaf Meal." ANIMAL PRODUCTION 24, no. 2 (2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jap.2022.24.2.54.

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The objective of this research was to examine the effect of the addition of Indigofera zollingeriana leaf meal (IZLM) in diets on milk production and fermentation products of adaptive Saanen goat. The research was conducted at Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BBPTUHPT) or or the Center for Superior Animal Breeding and Forage Animal Feed, Baturraden, Central Java. A total of 18 first lactating adaptive Saanen goats with a body weight of 34.83±7.13 and aged 20-24 months were used in this study. The goats were kept in individual pens and grouped into 6 groups based on body weight and each group were randomized to receive three kinds of concentrate substitution with IZLM of 0%, 10% and 20 % of dry matter (DM) concentrates, for A, B and C treatments, respectively. Therefore, this research was designed according to randomized block design. Dry matter intake (DMI) of each goat was 4.5% of live weight with dry matter (DM) ratio of forage and concentrate were 60:40. The variables measured were DMI, partial volatile fatty acid (VFA), energy conversion efficiency of glucose into VFA (ECEVFA), methane gas, total protozoa, milk production and the first estrus after kidding. Analysis of variance showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P <0.05) on propionate, milk production and fat, but no significant effect (P> 0.05) on consumption of DM, acetate, butyrate, EKVFA, methane gas, lactose and protein milk. Increasing the IZLM substitution level enhanced linearly (P<0.05) on production of milk and milk fat, while the propionate concentrate responded to quadratic (P<0.05). Milk production increased at IZLM level of 20%, while goat in this group resulted only 16.70% estrous after birth compared to goat group received 10% IZLM level resulting 50% of estrus goat. The results of this study concluded that the recommended level of using IZLM as a concentrate substitute was only 10%.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Leaf concentrates'

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