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Academic literature on the topic 'Leaf epidermis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Leaf epidermis"

1

Lobo, Ghislaine Maria, Thaysi Ventura de Souza, Caroline Heinig Voltolini, Ademir Reis, and Marisa Santos. "Leaf Epidermis of the RheophyteDyckia brevifoliaBaker (Bromeliaceae)." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/307593.

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Some species ofDyckiaSchult. f., includingDyckia brevifoliaBaker, are rheophytes that live in the fast-moving water currents of streams and rivers which are subject to frequent flooding, but also period of low water. This study aimed to analyze the leaf epidermis ofD. brevifoliain the context of epidermal adaptation to this aquatic plant’s rheophytic habitat. The epidermis is uniseriate, and the cuticle is thickened. The inner periclinal and anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells are thickened and lignified. Stomata are tetracytic, located in the depressions in relation to the surrounding epidermal cells, and covered by peltate trichomes. While the epidermal characteristics ofD. brevifoliaare similar to those of Bromeliaceae species, this species has made particular adaptations of leaf epidermis in response to its rheophytic environment.

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Dubé, Martin, and Pierre Morisset. "L'emploi des caractères épidermiques dans l'étude taxonomique du Festuca rubra lato sensu (Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-058.

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The leaf epidermis from a collection of 33 specimens encompassing most of the morphological variation of Festuca rubra in Eastern Canada and including two cytotypes (2n = 42 and 2n = 56) is described with 16 characters. The leaf epidermal composition differs markedly between culms and vegetative shoots. Many epidermal characters, particularly those from the vegetative shoots, are among the best ones for distinguishing between the two cytotypes. Parallel analyses using nine anatomical characters show the greater taxonomical potential of epidermis. Keywords: Festuca rubra, leaf, epidermis, anatomy, cytotypes.

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3

Sima, SN, AK Roy, MT Akther, and N. Joarder. "Cross-sectional anatomy of leaf blade and leaf sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.)." Journal of Bio-Science 25 (July 18, 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v25i0.37494.

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Histology of leaf blade and sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.) Beauv., indicated typical C4 Kranz anatomy. Cells of adaxial epidermis were smaller and bulliform cells were present on the adaxial epidermis. The shape of bulliform cells was bulbous; 3-7 cells were present in a group and 3-5 folds larger than epidermal cells. Three types of vascular bundles in respect of size and structure were extra large, large and small and they were part of leaf blade histology. These three sizes of vascular bundles were arranged in successive manner from midrib to leaf margin. Leaf sheath bundles were of two types: large and small. Extra large bundles were flanked by five small and four large bundles but small bundles were alternate found to be with large typed bundles. Extra large bundles were of typical monocotyledonous type but the large type had reduced xylem elements and the small typed was found to be transformed into treachery elements. Small be bundles occupied half the thickness of the flat portion of leaf blade topped by large bulliform cells of the adaxial epidermis. Extra large and large bundle had been extended to upper and lower epidermis. Kranz mesophyll completely encircled the bundle sheath and radiated out into ground tissue. Midrib was projected in abaxial direction and had a central vascular bundle with large and small bundles on either side of it along the abaxial regions. The midrib vascular bundle was devoid of chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and was of non-Kranz type. Continuous sub-epidermal sclerenchyma girders were noted as adaxial hypodermis. Anatomical traits exhibited an important adaptive defense against draught and saline stress of the plant. Quantitative measurement of various anatomical traits indicated strong variations among them.J. bio-sci. 25: 17-26, 2017

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4

Bray, Shirley, and David M. Reid. "The effect of salinity and CO2 enrichment on the growth and anatomy of the second trifoliate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-018.

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The effect of CO2 and NaCl on the second trifoliate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris L. was studied. Salt reduced leaf area and volume. Volume density of the palisade mesophyll was increased and that of the intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis was reduced. Salt increased the numbers of epidermal and palisade cells per unit area and the stomatal density of the abaxial epidermis but reduced the numbers of cells per leaf. Salt reduced stomatal indices of both epidermal surfaces, cell volumes, relative leaf expansion rate, leaf plastochron index, leaf fresh and dry weights, and specific leaf area. Elevated CO2 increased leaf area and volume, reduced the density of epidermal and palisade cells and increased fresh and dry weights. Cell areas and volumes of epidermal and palisade cells, but not stomates, were increased. Elevated CO2 partially overcame some salinity effects such as leaf area, volume, specific leaf area, and relative leaf expansion rate. Leaf fresh and dry weights, leaf volume, palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue volume, and the numbers of palisade and epidermal cells per leaf equalled controls. Under high CO2, epidermal and intercellular space volume, cell areas, stomatal index, and the volume density of intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis were reduced, and the volume density of the palisade mesophyll increased. Leaf thickness, palisade cell length and volume, volume density of spongy mesophyll, and succulence were greater than controls in salt and high-CO2 leaves. High CO2 had more effect on salt-stressed than unstressed plants in leaf weight, thickness, and cell volume.Key words: CO2 enrichment, leaf growth, leaf anatomy, Phaseolus vulgaris, salinity.

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5

Sabandar, Agave, A. Hiariej, and D. E. Sahertian. "Struktur Sel Epidermis Dan Stomata Aegiceras corniculatum D dan Rhizophora apiculata pada Muara Sungai Desa Poka dan Desa Leahari." Biosel: Biology Science and Education 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/bs.v10i1.1896.

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Research has been carried out to determine the cell structure of the epidermis and stomata in some mangrove plants in the species Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata. Descriptive method is used to describe the cell structure of the epidermis and stomata of Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata and quantitative leaves to calculate the number of stomata, number of epidermis and stomata index based on nail polish on the cross section of epidermal cells on the lower underside of the leaf using a light microscope, while the incision longitudinal to determine leaf thickness between the upper epidermis and the lower epidermis. The results showed that the two mangrove species that grow in the mouth of the Poka and Leahari villages namely Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata were found to have the same anatomical structure and leaf anatomical characteristics in terms of the shape of epidermal cells, rectangular, octagonal, elongated, and irregular. Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata have anomositic stomata type because neighboring cells surround the stomata and have the same shape as epidermal cells. Mangrove species in the river estuary of Poka Village have higher number of stomata and smaller epidermal size and lower stomata index than mangrove species in Leahari Village due to the influence of the shade. Keywords: Aegiceras corniculatum, Rhizophora apiculata, Epidermal cells,

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6

Cerioli, S., A. Marocco, M. Maddaloni, M. Motto, and F. Salamini. "Early event in maize leaf epidermis formation as revealed by cell lineage studies." Development 120, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 2113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.8.2113.

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The epidermal cells of the juvenile leaves of maize are covered by a wax layer. glossy mutants are known which reduce drastically wax deposition. We have used the somatically unstable glossy-1 mutable 8 allele to study the distribution on the epidermis of spontaneous revertant sectors of wild- type tissues. Sectors tend to start and end at positions that correlate with the location on the epidermis of the long costal cells of ribs. It is concluded that in the protoderm only a few cells have a role and position in the generation of each of the developmental modules located between leaf midrib and margin. The module consists of an epidermal strip of cells bordered by two lateral ribs. The module originates from at least 4 cells, with one cel l being the progenitor of the other three. Data are provided describing the mode of longitudinal anticlinal epidermal cell divisions within the module that are responsible for the increase in leaf width. The results suggest the existence of a clonal type of development during early leaf epidermis formation.

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Belaeva, T. N., and A. N. Butenkova. "Leaf blade anatomy of the rare Siberian flora species Mertensia sibirica (L.) G. Don fil. (Boraginaceae)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 5 (October 20, 2020): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_228.

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The authors present the findings of a leaf blade anatomy study for the rare relict Siberian flora species Mertensia sibirica (L.) G. Don fil. (Boraginaceae). They collected samples for the study from natural habitats in Chita Region (Chikoy Range) and then planted them in the introduction area of the Siberian Botanic Garden (Tomsk) located in the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia. The parameters of the photosynthetic and stomatal complex of M. sibirica were studied for the first time. It was found out that the rosette and cauline leaves of the species under study are hypostomatous, with an anomocytic stomatal complex. The epidermis is single-layer. On average, the adaxial epidermis has larger cells vs. abaxial epidermis. The leaf mesophyll is 242.90–369.90 µm thick, dorsiventral. The adaxial side of the leaf comprises glandular trichomes surrounded with pronounced rosettes of cells in the base part. The cauline leaf significantly differs from the rosette leaf in finer cells of its adaxial and abaxial epidermis (and, consequently, their larger number per 1 mm2), while the adaxial epidermal cells are thicker, and in a larger number of stomata in the abaxial epidermis. The palisade mesophyll in the cauline leaf is more developed vs. the rosette leaf, while the cells are longer and the palisade/spongy mesophyll ratio is higher. The rosette leaves have a more developed system of vascular tissues vs. cauline ones, as they play the main role in providing plants with water and nutrients. The contribution of the cauline leaf palisade mesophyll to the photosynthetic potential of M. sibirica is higher vs. that of the rosette leaf (the ratio between palisade and spongy mesophyll is 0.45 vs. 0.36, respectively), which characterizes the cauline leaf as more heliophytic. The stomatal complex and mesophyll parameters under study are primarily characterized by low variance. As for dermal tissue parameters, medium variance is typical of the thickness and size of the abaxial and adaxial epidermal cells. Coefficients of variation for the cells of the upper mesophyll layer (CV=31.2–41.6%) and the number of stomata on the lower epidermis of the rosette leaf (CV=21.5%) demonstrate medium and high variance. A very high coefficient of variation (116.2–174.0) is registered for the adaxial epidermis parameter characterizing the density of trichomes per 1 mm2. The study results were used to develop an optimal M. sibirica cultivation regime under conditions of introduction in the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia.

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Nozaki, Mamoru, Kensuke Kawade, Gorou Horiguchi, and Hirokazu Tsukaya. "an3-Mediated Compensation Is Dependent on a Cell-Autonomous Mechanism in Leaf Epidermal Tissue." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 6 (April 22, 2020): 1181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa048.

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Abstract Leaves are formed by coordinated growth of tissue layers driven by cell proliferation and expansion. Compensation, in which a defect in cell proliferation induces compensated cell enlargement (CCE), plays an important role in cell-size determination during leaf development. We previously reported that CCE triggered by the an3 mutation is observed in epidermal and subepidermal layers in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leaves. Interestingly, CCE is induced in a non-cell autonomous manner between subepidermal cells. However, whether CCE in the subepidermis affects cell size in the adjacent epidermis is still unclear. We induced layer-specific expression of AN3 in an3 leaves and found that CCE in the subepidermis had little impact on cell-size determination in the epidermis, and vice versa, suggesting that CCE is induced in a tissue-autonomous manner. Examination of the epidermis in an3 leaves having AN3-positive and -negative sectors generated by Cre/loxP revealed that, in contrast to the subepidermis, CCE occurred exclusively in AN3-negative epidermal cells, indicating a cell autonomous action of an3-mediated compensation in the epidermis. These results clarified that the epidermal and subepidermal tissue layers have different cell autonomies in CCE. In addition, quantification of cell-expansion kinetics in epidermal and subepidermal tissues of the an3 showed that the tissues exhibited a similar temporal profile to reach a peak cell-expansion rate as compared to wild type. This might be one feature representing that the two tissue layers retain their growth coordination even in the presence of CCE.

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9

Nelson, Jennifer M., Barbara Lane, and Michael Freeling. "Expression of a mutant maize gene in the ventral leaf epidermis is sufficient to signal a switch of the leaf’s dorsoventral axis." Development 129, no. 19 (October 1, 2002): 4581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.19.4581.

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Maize leaves are initiated from the shoot apex with an inherent leaf dorsoventral polarity; the leaf surface closest to the meristem is the adaxial (upper, dorsal) surface whereas the opposite leaf surface is the abaxial (lower, ventral) surface. The Rolled leaf1 (Rld1) semi-dominant maize mutations affect dorsoventral patterning by causing adaxialization of abaxial leaf regions. This adaxialization is sometimes associated with abaxialization of the adaxial leaf regions, which constitutes a ‘switch’. Dosage analysis indicates Rld1 mutants are antimorphs. We mapped Rld1’s action to a single cell layer using a mosaic analysis and show Rld1 acts non cell-autonomously along the dorsoventral axis. The presence of Rld1 mutant product in the abaxial epidermis is necessary and sufficient to induce the Rolled leaf1 phenotype within the lower epidermis as well as in other leaf layers along the dorsoventral axis. These results support a model for the involvement of wild-type RLD1 in the maintenance of dorsoventral features of the leaf. In addition, they demonstrate the abaxial epidermis sends/receives a cell fate determining signal to/from the adaxial epidermis and controls the dorsoventral patterning of the maize leaf.

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10

Bruck, David K., Robert J. Alvarez, and Dan B. Walker. "Leaf grafting and its prevention by the intact and abraded epidermis." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-044.

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Experiments were conducted on leaf laminae to determine the effects of intact, excised, and abraded epidermal layers on the success of graft unions in Catharanthus roseus and Sedum telephoides. Lamina surfaces grafted together within 2 – 4 weeks when the epidermis was removed from both graft partners. In contrast, the presence of epidermis on one or both graft partners prevented grafting. Intact epidermal cells adjacent to wounds did not divide or undergo other visible changes except for plasmolysis and death in a few grafting situations. Epidermal cells are developmentally distinctive from underlying parenchymatous cells in that they fail to respond to stimuli that elicit redifferentiation and dedifferentiation in subepidermal tissues. Abrasion with carborundum effectively stripped the cuticular layer from parts of the leaf surfaces put into contact for grafting and increased the permeability of the surfaces to large, water-soluble, calcofluor-white molecules. Similar to grafting attempts with intact surfaces, abraded surfaces failed to graft, produce callus, or undergo any other of the observable changes that occur in exposed subepidermal cells. These results indicate that the cuticle is not responsible for the failure of intact surfaces to graft. Rather, the epidermal cell appears to be uniquely restricted in its capacity to dedifferentiate and redifferentiate. Grafting failure between freely permeable surfaces (after cuticle abrasion) refutes the notion that the cuticle obstructs passage of diffusible agents necessary to induce epidermal dedifferentiation and grafting.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Leaf epidermis"

1

Carpenter, Kevin Joseph. "Structure and evolution of the leaf epidermis in basal angiosperms /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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2

Hwang, Hwei-tein. "Characterisation of cDNA clones for mRNAs expressed in leaf epidermis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289432.

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3

Gallagher, Kimberly L. "Analysis of asymmetric cell divisions in the maize leaf epidermis /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3007134.

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4

Evans, Alan David. "Isolation and characterisation of cDNA clones for mRNAs expressed in leaf epidermis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262634.

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5

Wood, Julian Lawrence. "The role of pH signalling in stomatal responses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e97ed751-5a06-4bc7-9a48-d09b8a93d9a8.

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The role of cytoplasmic pH in guard cell signal transduction was investigated in epidermal strips of Commelina communis. The cytoplasmic pH of guard cells was measured by dual excitation ratio confocal laser scanning microscopy. Large transient alkalinisations occurred for up to 20 minutes both during closure, in response to ABA and calcium, and opening in response to IAA and fusicoccin. Therefore the direction of the pH change does not determine the direction stomatal movement in Commelina communis in contrast to previous reports in Paphiopedilum tonsum. Furthermore, CO₂ caused a slow acidification during stomatal closure, indicating that pore movements are not always associated with a transient cytoplasmic alkalinisation. The internal pH of guard cells was buffered by low concentrations of isobutyrate. Small reductions in stomatal closure in response to ABA and calcium were observed, however, responses to CO₂, IAA and fusicoccin were unaltered. High levels of isobutyrate stimulated wide stomatal opening for all stimuli. Therefore manipulation of cytoplasmic pH only give limited support in the case of ABA and calcium that cytoplasmic pH changes are either necessary for or modulate stomatal movements. The observed pH changes may therefore be a consequence of the mechanism underlying pore movement rather than genuine cytoplasmic signals per se, A model is described based on strong ion and weak acid chemistry which predicts that the observed pH transients result from changes in the concentrations of chloride and malate which charge balance the potassium fluxes during stomatal movements. No suitable fluorescent indicator was found to measure pH in either the apoplast or vacuole. However the volume of the guard cell lumen, vacuole, nucleus and chloroplast were directly measured during stomatal movements and the cytoplasmic volume was calculated. These volumes were used to re-calculate compartmental pH and ion concentrations from previous reports.

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6

Tipping, Claudia, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty, and School of Horticulture. "Morphological and structural investigations into C3 C4 and C3/C4 members of the genus Panicum grown under elevated CO2 concentrations." THESIS_FSTA_HOR_Tipping_C.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/329.

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Three perennial tropical Panicum species were grown under ambient and elevated (900 ppm) carbon dioxide concentrations in especially designed microclimate chambers. The study aimed to investigate the influence of high carbon dioxide concentrations on morphology/anatomy with physiological change among three closely related species possessing distinctly different photosynthetic pathways. The anatomy of the leaf was investigated using light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and graphics image analysis. A suitable schedule for fixation, dehydration and embedding of leaf specimens for both forms of microscopy was developed. The anatomy of the species investigated did not change qualitatively, but there were detectable changes in leaf thickness and tissue proportions of the epidermis, mesophyll and thickened tissues (sclerenchyma, bundle sheath, vascular elements) that differed with species. This study is also relevant to the investigation of the evolution of C4, although species, and the progression involved in plants with characteristics intermediate between those of C3 and C4 species. These intermediate species have been mainly characterized by CO2 exchange and biochemical analysis, but they also display anatomical characteristics in between those of C3 and C4 plants. The evolutionary progression of the C3 to C4 species remains unsolved, although current studies indicate that the evolutionary step was from the C3 plant to the C4. Thus the intermediate C3/C4 plants may not be intermediate in an evolutionary sense and they could be seen as a simple hybridization between a C3 plant and C4 plant. In most of the parameters measured the C3/C4 P. decipiens resembled either the C3 P. tricanthum or the C4 P. antidotale. It may therefore be likened to a physiological chimera rather than to a true intermediate form
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Kotzer, Amanda M. "Characterization of AtRabF2b in tobacco leaf epidermal cells." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417253.

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Keller, Daniel L. "Leaf epidermal morphology : a survey of the genus Allium." Scholarly Commons, 1994. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2271.

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The epidermis from a range of species from the genus Allium was peeled from the base, middle, and tip of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaf material. Epidermal peels were water mounted after being peeled using forceps, and photographed using Nomarski microscopy. The epidermis is composed of rows of cells which run parallel to one another, and to the long axis of the leaf. Guard cells are present on both surfaces of the leaf in most species, but some species lack guard cells on either the abaxial or adaxial surface. Guard cells are sunken to varying degrees in all species surveyed. Subsidiary cells are lacking in all species surveyed. End walls of nonstomatal cells are either even or oblique. Micropapilae, striations, or trichomes are present in some species, but most species lack epidermal structures. Epidermal cells range in size from two to three times greater in length than width to greater than fifteen times longer than wide. The majority of parallel walls are either straight or diamond-shaped while others are wrinkled, wavy, or broadened. Allium is separated into three groups according to the structure of the parallel walls. Group one includes those species with typically straight parallel walls; group two those species with diamond-shaped parallel walls; and group three is comprised of those species with wavy parallel walls.

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Denton, Tricia M. "Analyses of the relationship between stable isotope signatures, leaf epidermal morphology and the environment /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18307.pdf.

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Chuang, Yuan-Yuan, and 莊媛媛. "A Study of Leaf Epidermis in Taiwan Pteridaceae." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23944037230772404489.

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碩士
國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
89
The Pteridaceae has been variously classified by different taxonomists. The leaf epidermal morphology of 48 species in 11 genera of Taiwan Pteridaceae was studied using SEM. There are six types of trichomes, two types of adult stomata and three types of epidermal morphology described. And the variability of some epidermal characters, such as the stomata flush or sunken, the long axes of epidermis cell lie parallel to the vein or not, the lines on cells or not, could distinct part of genera and subfamilies. Based on previously described characters, the epidermis pattem of Cheilanthes could be divided into four types, the cheilanthes type, the aleuritopteris type, the mildella type and the doryopteris type; and that of Adiantum could be divided into two types, branched type and nonbrached type. And the epidermis morphology of Coniogramme was very simility to that of Pteris. Besides, the epidermis characters showed that Cryptogramma, Onychium and Acrostichum are unique. And more study of the three genera is needed to understand the relationships among these genera.

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Books on the topic "Leaf epidermis"

1

Chen, Shouliang A. Micromorphological atlas of leaf epidermis in Gramineae. [Konigstein: Koeltz Scientific], 1999.

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2

Yuexing, Jin, and Wu Zhujun, eds. He ben ke ye pian biao pi wei xing tai tu pu: Micromorphological atlas of leaf epidermis in Gramineae. [Nanjing]: Jiangsu ke xue ji shu chu ban she, 1993.

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3

Yousaf, Zubaida, Afifa Younas, and Arusa Aftab. Leaf Epidermal Anatomical Characters and Anatomical Tools for Systematical Studies of Some Medicinally Important Angiospermic Families. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Leaf epidermis"

1

Dietz, Karl-Josef, and Wolfram Hartung. "The Leaf Epidermis: Its Ecophysiological Significance." In Progress in Botany / Fortschritte der Botanik, 32–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79844-3_3.

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2

Möller, Birgit, Yvonne Poeschl, Sandra Klemm, and Katharina Bürstenbinder. "Morphological Analysis of Leaf Epidermis Pavement Cells with PaCeQuant." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 329–49. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9469-4_22.

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3

Visser, A. J., M. Tosserams, M. W. Groen, G. Kalis, R. Kwant, G. W. H. Magendans, and J. Rozema. "The combined effects of CO2 concentration and enhanced UV-B radiation on faba bean. 3. Leaf optical properties, pigments, stomatal index and epidermal cell density." In UV-B and Biosphere, 208–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5718-6_19.

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4

Doccula, Fabrizio Gandolfo, Laura Luoni, Smrutisanjita Behera, Maria Cristina Bonza, and Alex Costa. "In Vivo Analysis of Calcium Levels and Glutathione Redox Status in Arabidopsis Epidermal Leaf Cells Infected with the Hypersensitive Response-Inducing Bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato AvrB (PstAvrB)." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 125–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7668-3_12.

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Dalton, David R. "The Leaf." In The Chemistry of Wine. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190687199.003.0016.

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Grape leaves are thin and flat. As is common among leaves in general, they are composed of different sets of specialized cells. Today, on average, sunlight reaching their surface is about 4% ultraviolet (UV) (<400 nm), 52% infrared (IR) (>750 nm) and 44% visible (VIS) radiation. Little of the UV and IR are used by plants. As with other leaves that are green, only the red and blue ends of the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum are absorbed, thus leaving green available by reflection and transmission. On the surface of the leaf (Figure 8.1), the cells of the outermost layer (the epidermis) are designed to protect the inner cells where the workings needed for gathering the sunlight used for photosynthesis and other chemistry necessary to the life of the plant are found. That is, the more delicate cells, beneath the epidermis, are involved in production of carbohydrates as well as the movement of nutrients in and products out of the leaf. The epidermis, exposed to the atmosphere, has cells that are usually thicker and are covered by a waxy layer made up of long- chain carboxylic acids that have hydroxyl groups (–OH) at or near their termini. These so-called omega hydroxy acids can then form esters using the hydroxyl group of one and the carboxylic acid of the next. This yields long-chain polyester polymers called “cutin.” As indicated in the earlier discussion of cells and, in particular, regarding the fatty acids of cell walls, the fatty acids found in the epidermis generally consist of an even number of carbon atoms, and for cutin, the sixteen carbon (palmitic acid) family (Figure 8.2) and the eighteen carbon family (oleic acid bearing a double bond or the saturated analogue stearic acid) are common. While one terminal hydroxyl group is usual (e.g., 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, 18-hydroxyoleic acid, or its saturated analogue 18-hydroxystearic acid) more than one (allowing for cross-linking) is not uncommon (e.g., 10,16-dihydroxypalmitic and 9,10,18-trihydroxystearic acid).

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Becraft, Philip W. "1 Development of the Leaf Epidermis." In Current Topics in Developmental Biology, 1–40. Elsevier, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0070-2153(08)60313-0.

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Olotuah, O. F. "Anatomy of Leaf Epidermis and Petiole of Two Selected Species of Hibiscus: An experimental Investigation." In Challenging Issues on Environment and Earth Science Vol. 7, 8–12. Book Publisher International (a part of SCIENCEDOMAIN International), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ciees/v7/11317d.

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Conference papers on the topic "Leaf epidermis"

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Savenkov, Sergey N., Ranjan S. Muttiah, Viktor V. Yakubchak, and Alexander S. Klimov. "Anisotropy Parameters for Chlorophytum leaf Epidermis." In Tenth Conference on Electromagnetic and Light Scattering. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2007.confelectromagligscat.490.

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Dunn, Regan E., Richard S. Barclay, Richard S. Barclay, Ellen D. Currano, and Ellen D. Currano. "USING LEAF EPIDERMIS TO UNLOCK THE ANCIENT FOREST RECONSTRUCTION ENIGMA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-287491.

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Geerligs, Marion, Lambert C. A. v. Breemen, Gerrit W. M. Peters, Paul A. J. Ackermans, Cees W. J. Oomens, and Frank P. T. Baaijens. "Mechanical Properties of the Epidermis and Stratum Corneum Determined by Submicron Indentation In Vitro." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204412.

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The outer skin layers are important drug and vaccine delivery targets in the treatment of diseases. These skin layers possess some important characteristics making them favorable sites for pain-free delivery with minimal damage: a rich population of immunologically sensitive cells as well as the lack of blood vessels and sensory nerve endings [1]. Until today, however, the development of effective cell targeting methods is acquainted with many challenges. A collective shortcoming is a poor understanding of the key mechanical properties of the outer skin layers, e.g. the stratum corneum and epidermis. The anisotropic, dynamic and very complex nature of skin makes it difficult to perform proper mechanical testing as well as to obtain reliable, reproducible data. The stratum corneum is an effective physical barrier of dead cells with a “brick-and-mortar” structure, while the viable epidermis mainly consists of actively migrating keratinocytes constantly undergoing massive morphological and compositional changes. As a consequence, the structure differences among the skin layers lead to significant variations in mechanical properties. Since there is no method available to determine the mechanical behavior of isolated viable epidermis in vivo or in vitro, the mechanical behavior of epidermis and stratum corneum only are investigated here. A commercially available indentation system has been adapted to enable the measurement of these thin soft tissues in an in vitro set up. Combining the outcomes of the two skin layer types leads to an assessment of the contribution of the viable epidermis to the mechanical behavior of skin. To our knowledge, no data have been published yet regarding mechanical bulk properties of (viable) epidermis, while no consistency exists with respect to those of the stratum corneum.

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Aubery, Rose, Michael A. Urban, Regan E. Dunn, Richard S. Barclay, and Surangi W. Punyasena. "RESPONSE OF LEAF EPIDERMAL CELL ARCHITECTURE TO CLIMATE - A POTENTIAL PALEOPROXY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303558.

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Duijnstee, Ivo A. P., Julian D. Hartman, Evelyn Kustatscher, Johanna H. A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, and Cindy V. Looy. "DISENTANGLING LATE PERMIAN CONIFER LEAF CUTICLES: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF EPIDERMAL CHARACTERS AND TAXONOMIC CONSEQUENCES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-307335.

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Зубаирова, У. С., and A. В. Дорошков. "STUDY OF LEAF EPIDERMAL PATTERN FORMATION IN THE CEREALS BY LSMIMAGE ANALYSIS AND COMPUTER SIMULATIONS." In Материалы I Всероссийской научно-практической конференции с международным участием «Геномика и современные биотехнологии в размножении, селекции и сохранении растений». Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47882/genbio.2020.16.15.014.

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Lei, Di-Ya, Hao-Ru Tang, Yan Wang, and Qing Chen. "Microscopic Characteristics of Leaf Epidermal Cells and Flowers in Two Types of Ficus Tikoua Bur." In 2017 2nd International Conference on Biological Sciences and Technology (BST 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/bst-17.2018.48.

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"The wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the effect of stress conditions on morphogenesis." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-218.

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Ramirez-San-Juan, Julio C., Alia T. Tuqan, Kristen M. Kelly, J. Stuart Nelson, and Guillermo Aguilar. "Evaluation of Sub-Zero and Residence Times After Continuous Versus Multiple Intermittent Cryogen Spray Cooling Exposure on Human Skin Phantom." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59635.

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Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is used to minimize the risk of epidermal damage during various laser dermatologic surgeries. However, as the application of single or multiple cryogen spurts becomes available on some commercial lasers devices, it is necessary to determine the optimal CSC parameters for different laser surgeries. The objective of this study was to measure the time the sprayed surface of a human skin phantom (HSP) remains below water freezing temperature 0°C, referred to as subzero time (ts), and below the cryogen boiling temperature −26°C, referred to as residence time (tr), as well as the minimum surface temperature (Tmin) and the time at which Tmin occurs (tTmin) for two HSP-initial temperatures (20 °C and 70 °C) during and after the application of single (SCS) and multiple cryogen spurts (MCS). For this propose, a HSP was used to measure ts, tr, Tmin, and tTmin for nine sequences: one SCS of ΔtT = TCT = 40 ms; four MCS sequences, all adding to a ΔtT of 40 ms but with different TCT up to 110 ms and, finally; four SCS that matched the TCT of the four MCS sequences, but lead to different ΔtT. Our results show that the differences between SCS and MCS sequences with the same TCT are negligible for all variables measured (ts, tr, Tmin, tTmin). Moreover, in this interval (40 ms ≤ TCT ≤ 110 ms), this variables show a remarkable linear dependence with the TCT.

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Reports on the topic "Leaf epidermis"

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Philip W. Becraft. Analysis of a signal transduction pathway involved in leaf epidermis differentiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/840253.

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