Journal articles: 'Leaf epidermis'

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Lobo, Ghislaine Maria, Thaysi Ventura de Souza, Caroline Heinig Voltolini, Ademir Reis, and Marisa Santos. "Leaf Epidermis of the RheophyteDyckia brevifoliaBaker (Bromeliaceae)." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/307593.

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Some species ofDyckiaSchult. f., includingDyckia brevifoliaBaker, are rheophytes that live in the fast-moving water currents of streams and rivers which are subject to frequent flooding, but also period of low water. This study aimed to analyze the leaf epidermis ofD. brevifoliain the context of epidermal adaptation to this aquatic plant’s rheophytic habitat. The epidermis is uniseriate, and the cuticle is thickened. The inner periclinal and anticlinal walls of the epidermal cells are thickened and lignified. Stomata are tetracytic, located in the depressions in relation to the surrounding epidermal cells, and covered by peltate trichomes. While the epidermal characteristics ofD. brevifoliaare similar to those of Bromeliaceae species, this species has made particular adaptations of leaf epidermis in response to its rheophytic environment.

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Dubé, Martin, and Pierre Morisset. "L'emploi des caractères épidermiques dans l'étude taxonomique du Festuca rubra lato sensu (Poaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-058.

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The leaf epidermis from a collection of 33 specimens encompassing most of the morphological variation of Festuca rubra in Eastern Canada and including two cytotypes (2n = 42 and 2n = 56) is described with 16 characters. The leaf epidermal composition differs markedly between culms and vegetative shoots. Many epidermal characters, particularly those from the vegetative shoots, are among the best ones for distinguishing between the two cytotypes. Parallel analyses using nine anatomical characters show the greater taxonomical potential of epidermis. Keywords: Festuca rubra, leaf, epidermis, anatomy, cytotypes.

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Sima, SN, AK Roy, MT Akther, and N. Joarder. "Cross-sectional anatomy of leaf blade and leaf sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.)." Journal of Bio-Science 25 (July 18, 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v25i0.37494.

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Histology of leaf blade and sheath of cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica L.) Beauv., indicated typical C4 Kranz anatomy. Cells of adaxial epidermis were smaller and bulliform cells were present on the adaxial epidermis. The shape of bulliform cells was bulbous; 3-7 cells were present in a group and 3-5 folds larger than epidermal cells. Three types of vascular bundles in respect of size and structure were extra large, large and small and they were part of leaf blade histology. These three sizes of vascular bundles were arranged in successive manner from midrib to leaf margin. Leaf sheath bundles were of two types: large and small. Extra large bundles were flanked by five small and four large bundles but small bundles were alternate found to be with large typed bundles. Extra large bundles were of typical monocotyledonous type but the large type had reduced xylem elements and the small typed was found to be transformed into treachery elements. Small be bundles occupied half the thickness of the flat portion of leaf blade topped by large bulliform cells of the adaxial epidermis. Extra large and large bundle had been extended to upper and lower epidermis. Kranz mesophyll completely encircled the bundle sheath and radiated out into ground tissue. Midrib was projected in abaxial direction and had a central vascular bundle with large and small bundles on either side of it along the abaxial regions. The midrib vascular bundle was devoid of chlorenchymatous bundle sheath and was of non-Kranz type. Continuous sub-epidermal sclerenchyma girders were noted as adaxial hypodermis. Anatomical traits exhibited an important adaptive defense against draught and saline stress of the plant. Quantitative measurement of various anatomical traits indicated strong variations among them.J. bio-sci. 25: 17-26, 2017

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Bray, Shirley, and David M. Reid. "The effect of salinity and CO2 enrichment on the growth and anatomy of the second trifoliate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-018.

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The effect of CO2 and NaCl on the second trifoliate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris L. was studied. Salt reduced leaf area and volume. Volume density of the palisade mesophyll was increased and that of the intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis was reduced. Salt increased the numbers of epidermal and palisade cells per unit area and the stomatal density of the abaxial epidermis but reduced the numbers of cells per leaf. Salt reduced stomatal indices of both epidermal surfaces, cell volumes, relative leaf expansion rate, leaf plastochron index, leaf fresh and dry weights, and specific leaf area. Elevated CO2 increased leaf area and volume, reduced the density of epidermal and palisade cells and increased fresh and dry weights. Cell areas and volumes of epidermal and palisade cells, but not stomates, were increased. Elevated CO2 partially overcame some salinity effects such as leaf area, volume, specific leaf area, and relative leaf expansion rate. Leaf fresh and dry weights, leaf volume, palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue volume, and the numbers of palisade and epidermal cells per leaf equalled controls. Under high CO2, epidermal and intercellular space volume, cell areas, stomatal index, and the volume density of intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis were reduced, and the volume density of the palisade mesophyll increased. Leaf thickness, palisade cell length and volume, volume density of spongy mesophyll, and succulence were greater than controls in salt and high-CO2 leaves. High CO2 had more effect on salt-stressed than unstressed plants in leaf weight, thickness, and cell volume.Key words: CO2 enrichment, leaf growth, leaf anatomy, Phaseolus vulgaris, salinity.

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Sabandar, Agave, A. Hiariej, and D. E. Sahertian. "Struktur Sel Epidermis Dan Stomata Aegiceras corniculatum D dan Rhizophora apiculata pada Muara Sungai Desa Poka dan Desa Leahari." Biosel: Biology Science and Education 10, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33477/bs.v10i1.1896.

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Research has been carried out to determine the cell structure of the epidermis and stomata in some mangrove plants in the species Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata. Descriptive method is used to describe the cell structure of the epidermis and stomata of Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata and quantitative leaves to calculate the number of stomata, number of epidermis and stomata index based on nail polish on the cross section of epidermal cells on the lower underside of the leaf using a light microscope, while the incision longitudinal to determine leaf thickness between the upper epidermis and the lower epidermis. The results showed that the two mangrove species that grow in the mouth of the Poka and Leahari villages namely Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata were found to have the same anatomical structure and leaf anatomical characteristics in terms of the shape of epidermal cells, rectangular, octagonal, elongated, and irregular. Aegiceras corniculatum and Rhizophora apiculata have anomositic stomata type because neighboring cells surround the stomata and have the same shape as epidermal cells. Mangrove species in the river estuary of Poka Village have higher number of stomata and smaller epidermal size and lower stomata index than mangrove species in Leahari Village due to the influence of the shade. Keywords: Aegiceras corniculatum, Rhizophora apiculata, Epidermal cells,

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Cerioli, S., A. Marocco, M. Maddaloni, M. Motto, and F. Salamini. "Early event in maize leaf epidermis formation as revealed by cell lineage studies." Development 120, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 2113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.120.8.2113.

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The epidermal cells of the juvenile leaves of maize are covered by a wax layer. glossy mutants are known which reduce drastically wax deposition. We have used the somatically unstable glossy-1 mutable 8 allele to study the distribution on the epidermis of spontaneous revertant sectors of wild- type tissues. Sectors tend to start and end at positions that correlate with the location on the epidermis of the long costal cells of ribs. It is concluded that in the protoderm only a few cells have a role and position in the generation of each of the developmental modules located between leaf midrib and margin. The module consists of an epidermal strip of cells bordered by two lateral ribs. The module originates from at least 4 cells, with one cel l being the progenitor of the other three. Data are provided describing the mode of longitudinal anticlinal epidermal cell divisions within the module that are responsible for the increase in leaf width. The results suggest the existence of a clonal type of development during early leaf epidermis formation.

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Belaeva, T. N., and A. N. Butenkova. "Leaf blade anatomy of the rare Siberian flora species Mertensia sibirica (L.) G. Don fil. (Boraginaceae)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 10, no. 5 (October 20, 2020): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2020_228.

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The authors present the findings of a leaf blade anatomy study for the rare relict Siberian flora species Mertensia sibirica (L.) G. Don fil. (Boraginaceae). They collected samples for the study from natural habitats in Chita Region (Chikoy Range) and then planted them in the introduction area of the Siberian Botanic Garden (Tomsk) located in the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia. The parameters of the photosynthetic and stomatal complex of M. sibirica were studied for the first time. It was found out that the rosette and cauline leaves of the species under study are hypostomatous, with an anomocytic stomatal complex. The epidermis is single-layer. On average, the adaxial epidermis has larger cells vs. abaxial epidermis. The leaf mesophyll is 242.90–369.90 µm thick, dorsiventral. The adaxial side of the leaf comprises glandular trichomes surrounded with pronounced rosettes of cells in the base part. The cauline leaf significantly differs from the rosette leaf in finer cells of its adaxial and abaxial epidermis (and, consequently, their larger number per 1 mm2), while the adaxial epidermal cells are thicker, and in a larger number of stomata in the abaxial epidermis. The palisade mesophyll in the cauline leaf is more developed vs. the rosette leaf, while the cells are longer and the palisade/spongy mesophyll ratio is higher. The rosette leaves have a more developed system of vascular tissues vs. cauline ones, as they play the main role in providing plants with water and nutrients. The contribution of the cauline leaf palisade mesophyll to the photosynthetic potential of M. sibirica is higher vs. that of the rosette leaf (the ratio between palisade and spongy mesophyll is 0.45 vs. 0.36, respectively), which characterizes the cauline leaf as more heliophytic. The stomatal complex and mesophyll parameters under study are primarily characterized by low variance. As for dermal tissue parameters, medium variance is typical of the thickness and size of the abaxial and adaxial epidermal cells. Coefficients of variation for the cells of the upper mesophyll layer (CV=31.2–41.6%) and the number of stomata on the lower epidermis of the rosette leaf (CV=21.5%) demonstrate medium and high variance. A very high coefficient of variation (116.2–174.0) is registered for the adaxial epidermis parameter characterizing the density of trichomes per 1 mm2. The study results were used to develop an optimal M. sibirica cultivation regime under conditions of introduction in the southern taiga subzone of Western Siberia.

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Nozaki, Mamoru, Kensuke Kawade, Gorou Horiguchi, and Hirokazu Tsukaya. "an3-Mediated Compensation Is Dependent on a Cell-Autonomous Mechanism in Leaf Epidermal Tissue." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 6 (April 22, 2020): 1181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa048.

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Abstract Leaves are formed by coordinated growth of tissue layers driven by cell proliferation and expansion. Compensation, in which a defect in cell proliferation induces compensated cell enlargement (CCE), plays an important role in cell-size determination during leaf development. We previously reported that CCE triggered by the an3 mutation is observed in epidermal and subepidermal layers in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) leaves. Interestingly, CCE is induced in a non-cell autonomous manner between subepidermal cells. However, whether CCE in the subepidermis affects cell size in the adjacent epidermis is still unclear. We induced layer-specific expression of AN3 in an3 leaves and found that CCE in the subepidermis had little impact on cell-size determination in the epidermis, and vice versa, suggesting that CCE is induced in a tissue-autonomous manner. Examination of the epidermis in an3 leaves having AN3-positive and -negative sectors generated by Cre/loxP revealed that, in contrast to the subepidermis, CCE occurred exclusively in AN3-negative epidermal cells, indicating a cell autonomous action of an3-mediated compensation in the epidermis. These results clarified that the epidermal and subepidermal tissue layers have different cell autonomies in CCE. In addition, quantification of cell-expansion kinetics in epidermal and subepidermal tissues of the an3 showed that the tissues exhibited a similar temporal profile to reach a peak cell-expansion rate as compared to wild type. This might be one feature representing that the two tissue layers retain their growth coordination even in the presence of CCE.

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Nelson, Jennifer M., Barbara Lane, and Michael Freeling. "Expression of a mutant maize gene in the ventral leaf epidermis is sufficient to signal a switch of the leaf’s dorsoventral axis." Development 129, no. 19 (October 1, 2002): 4581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.129.19.4581.

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Maize leaves are initiated from the shoot apex with an inherent leaf dorsoventral polarity; the leaf surface closest to the meristem is the adaxial (upper, dorsal) surface whereas the opposite leaf surface is the abaxial (lower, ventral) surface. The Rolled leaf1 (Rld1) semi-dominant maize mutations affect dorsoventral patterning by causing adaxialization of abaxial leaf regions. This adaxialization is sometimes associated with abaxialization of the adaxial leaf regions, which constitutes a ‘switch’. Dosage analysis indicates Rld1 mutants are antimorphs. We mapped Rld1’s action to a single cell layer using a mosaic analysis and show Rld1 acts non cell-autonomously along the dorsoventral axis. The presence of Rld1 mutant product in the abaxial epidermis is necessary and sufficient to induce the Rolled leaf1 phenotype within the lower epidermis as well as in other leaf layers along the dorsoventral axis. These results support a model for the involvement of wild-type RLD1 in the maintenance of dorsoventral features of the leaf. In addition, they demonstrate the abaxial epidermis sends/receives a cell fate determining signal to/from the adaxial epidermis and controls the dorsoventral patterning of the maize leaf.

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Bruck, David K., Robert J. Alvarez, and Dan B. Walker. "Leaf grafting and its prevention by the intact and abraded epidermis." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-044.

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Experiments were conducted on leaf laminae to determine the effects of intact, excised, and abraded epidermal layers on the success of graft unions in Catharanthus roseus and Sedum telephoides. Lamina surfaces grafted together within 2 – 4 weeks when the epidermis was removed from both graft partners. In contrast, the presence of epidermis on one or both graft partners prevented grafting. Intact epidermal cells adjacent to wounds did not divide or undergo other visible changes except for plasmolysis and death in a few grafting situations. Epidermal cells are developmentally distinctive from underlying parenchymatous cells in that they fail to respond to stimuli that elicit redifferentiation and dedifferentiation in subepidermal tissues. Abrasion with carborundum effectively stripped the cuticular layer from parts of the leaf surfaces put into contact for grafting and increased the permeability of the surfaces to large, water-soluble, calcofluor-white molecules. Similar to grafting attempts with intact surfaces, abraded surfaces failed to graft, produce callus, or undergo any other of the observable changes that occur in exposed subepidermal cells. These results indicate that the cuticle is not responsible for the failure of intact surfaces to graft. Rather, the epidermal cell appears to be uniquely restricted in its capacity to dedifferentiate and redifferentiate. Grafting failure between freely permeable surfaces (after cuticle abrasion) refutes the notion that the cuticle obstructs passage of diffusible agents necessary to induce epidermal dedifferentiation and grafting.

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Mintowati Kuntorini, Evi, Dewi Nofaliana, and Eny Dwi Pujawati. "Anatomical Structure and Terpenoid Content of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens Scheff) Leaves." BIO Web of Conferences 20 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202003001.

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Zodia (Evodia suaveolens Scheff) is a member of Rutaceae contain terpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and xanthones which have anti-mosquito activity. This research aimed to observe the anatomical structure, the location, and distribution of terpenoid based on the leaves' age. Anatomical slides preparation of leaves were made using the paraffin embedding method with safranin staining. The distribution of terpenoid was analyzed by the histochemical assay. Leaf anatomical structure shows that the 3rd and 6th leaf bifacial (dorsiventral) consisted of the upper epidermis, mesophyll (palisade and sponge), collateral vascular bundle, parenchyma midrib, abaxial epidermis and oil glands in mesophyll that is underneath both epidermises. The diameter of oil glands with larger sizes was on the 6th leaf, whereas the density is not different in the 3rd and 6th leaves. The histochemical test showed that terpenoid was observed in the leaf vascular bundles, oil glands, and epidermis.

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Weryszko-Chmielewska, Elżbieta, and Weronika Haratym. "Leaf micromorphology of Aesculus hippocastanum L. and damage caused by leaf-mining larvae of Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimić." Acta Agrobotanica 65, no. 3 (2012): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2012.003.

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The present study is a continuation of our research on the structure of healthy leaves of Aesculus hippocastanum and leaves damaged by larvae of Cameraria ohridella. In this study, the epidermal micromorphology of both leaf surfaces in A. hippocastanum was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Light microscopy was used to examine on which side of the leaf blades eggs of Cameraria ohridella were laid. The characteristic features of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis were shown. In the hypostomatic leaves of the studied species, the stomata occurred at a density of 173 × mm-2 and they represented the cyclocytic type. A striated layer of the cuticle was observed only in the adaxial epidermis in which glandular hairs were also present along the midribs. Non-glandular trichomes grew only on the surface of the midribs or in their axils in the abaxial epidermis. We found eggs of C. ohridella only on the adaxial surface of the epidermis. Using SEM, we also observed in the mines leaf tissues damaged by C. ohridella. We found palisade parenchyma to be absent, whereas in the spongy parenchyma there could be seen large intercellular spaces and at places a dense mass of organic matter, formed from damaged cells and larval excrement. The vascular bundles and calcium oxalate crystals remained in the feeding places. We found numerous bacteria, fungal spores and hyphae as well as cleistothecia of Erysiphales in the mines on the surface of the damaged mesophyll. The glandular trichomes occurring only locally on the leaves, the relatively thin cell walls of the epidermis and a not well-developed cuticle layer on their surface do not protect sufficiently these leaves against the invasion of C. ohridella. On the other hand, damaged tissue areas are a convenient place for the growth of bacteria and fungi.

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Ganeva, Tsveta. "Leaf Epidermis Structure inCydonia OblongaMill. (Rosaceae)." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 23, sup1 (January 2009): 965–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2009.10818582.

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Ganeva, T., and K. Uzunova. "Leaf Epidermis Structure inAmelanchier OvalisMedic. (Rosaceae)." Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment 24, sup1 (January 2010): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2010.10817806.

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Rasmussen, H. "Epidermal cell differentiation during leaf development in Anemarrhena asphodeloides." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 1277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-176.

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The epidermis of Anemarrhena asphodeloides is composed of three distinct cell types: guard cells of the stomata, ordinary epidermal cells, and papilla cells occurring in files wedged between files of ordinary epidermal cells. Both stomata and papilla cells have their origin from formative mitoses in the young protoderm. Their differentiation described on the basis of light and polarization microscopy involves a decrease in cell contacts and changing orientation of cellulose microfibrils of the cell wall. These changes are discussed in relation to the pattern of cell divisions and to the modification of cell shape during epidermal development.

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Chwil, Mirosława, Marcela Krawiec, Paweł Krawiec, and Stanisław Chwil. "Micromorphology of the epidermis and anatomical structure of the leaves of Scorzonera hispanica L." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 84, no. 3 (2015): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2015.033.

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In Poland Scorzonera hispanica L. is rare in the wild. This species is used as a vegetable and medicinal plant. Currently, attempts are being made to introduce this plant into cultivation in Poland. In this study, comparative analyses were conducted of the epidermis surface micromorphology and anatomical structure of the leaves of S. hispanica ‘Maxima’ and ‘Meres’. The investigations were performed using fluorescence, light and scanning electron microscopy. The cuticle on the surface of epidermal cells is smooth or striated. In the epidermis, there are anomocytic stomata. The stomatal index in the epidermis of the studied cultivars is 9.3–11%. In the midrib of the leaf, there is an aerial cavity which occupies a substantial area. In this place, cracking and breaking of the leaf blade were observed. Over the aerial cavity under the adaxial epidermis, there is a single layer of collenchyma cells and 1–2 rows of parenchyma cells. Tangential collenchyma is also present between the abaxial epidermis and large vascular bundles located in the midrib and on both sides of the large vascular bundles in the lamina. This tissue strengthens the leaf margin. The mesophyll cells located in the abaxial epidermis of the midrib form protrusions surrounding the large vascular bundles. The leaves of S. hispanica represent the equifacial type.

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Mims, Charles W., and Elizabeth A. Richardson. "Light and electron microscopy of the spermogonial stage of Gymnoconia peckiana, one of the causes of orange rust of Rubus." Botany 86, no. 5 (May 2008): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-011.

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Hyphae of Gymnoconia peckiana (Howe in Peck) Trotter spread from infected Rubus argutus Link. stems into leaf primordia where they proliferated in an intercellular fashion as leaves differentiated. Hyphae were septate, and each compartment appeared to contain a single nucleus. Hyphae gave rise to numerous haustoria that resembled the monokaryotic haustoria of other rust fungi. Hyphae located immediately adjacent to the upper and lower leaf epidermis gave rise to spermogonial initials. Each initial consisted of a small group of tightly packed hyphae that developed in an intercellular space adjacent to the epidermis. As an initial enlarged, the proliferating hyphae pushed their way between, as well as into, epidermal cells. Invaded epidermal cells soon died. A layer of spermatiophores then developed within each young spermogonium and appeared to push the epidermal cell wall material and leaf cuticle covering the spermogonium out from the leaf surface. Once mature, spermatiophores gave rise to a succession of uninucleate spermatia that emerged from the tip of each spermatiophore. Spermatia initially accumulated beneath the layer of epidermal cell wall material and cuticle that covered the developing spermogonium and appeared to push this layer further out from the leaf surface until it ruptured. A few receptive hyphae were observed in mature spermogonia.

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GOMES-BEZERRA, KADJA MILENA, SUELI MARIA GOMES, CONCEIÇÃO ENEIDA DOS SANTOS SILVEIRA, and LUCIA HELENA SOARES-SILVA. "Leaf epidermal descriptors applied to the taxonomy of Lauraceae, including new anatomical characters." Phytotaxa 358, no. 1 (July 2, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.358.1.3.

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The difficulty of identifying Lauraceae species is well known. The leaf epidermis of 18 species from the Federal District, Brazil, was analyzed to test more characters as an aid to the taxonomy of this family. New anatomical characters are proposed here, such as sinus number, internal angles and number of sides of the common epidermal cells, their arrangement around the trichome base, and the shape and width of the subsidiary cells in relation to the guard cells. Epidermal characters that can aid in the identification of the studied species are: the contour of the common cells on both leaf surfaces and their anticlinal wall width, number of sides of the polygonal cells, sinus number, presence of angles greater than 180°, presence and type of indumentum, common cells with radial arrangement around the trichome base, stomatal position relative to the rest of the epidermis and width of the subsidiary cells in relation to the guard cells. Glabrous and glabrescent leaves are distinguished. Two species have unique characters: Aniba heringeri, with papillae on the abaxial surface, and Cryptocarya moschata, with peculiar horseshoe-shaped subsidiary cells. Characters of the epidermis together with the external leaf morphology are sufficient to distinguish the studied species. Additionally, we report for the first time the occurrence of Mezilaurus crassiramea and Ocotea diospyrifolia for the flora of Federal District, Brazil.

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Welker, Robert M., Richard P. Marini, and Douglas G. Pfeiffer. "Ultrastructural and Surface Features of Apple Leaves following White Apple Leafhopper Feeding." HortScience 31, no. 2 (April 1996): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.2.249.

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White apple leafhopper (WALH; Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee) feeding damage on apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) leaves was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. WALH created feeding holes in the (lower) abaxial epidermis, with no visible exterior evidence of cell injury to the adaxial (upper) epidermis. Feeding holes were located in areas of the leaf with high stomatal density and were near stomata. Groups of cells in the palisade layers were empty or contained coagulated cell contents. Adjacent, apparently noninjured, palisade cells contained an abundance of starch granules, possibly indicating that photoassimilate export was impaired. Spongy mesophyll cells abaxial to the feeding area were left intact as were the epidermal cells adaxial to the feeding area. External views of either epidermis and internal leaf views of injured cells indicated no cell wall collapse.

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Wagner, Diane, Jenifer M. Wheeler, and Stephen J. Burr. "The leaf miner Phyllocnistis populiella negatively impacts water relations in aspen." Tree Physiology 40, no. 5 (November 14, 2019): 580–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpz109.

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Abstract Within the North American boreal forest, a widespread outbreak of the epidermal leaf miner Phyllocnistis populiella Cham. has damaged quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) for nearly 20 years. In a series of experiments, we tested the effects of feeding damage by P. populiella on leaf water relations and gas exchange. Relative to insecticide-treated trees, the leaves of naturally mined trees had lower photosynthesis, stomatal conductance to water vapor, transpiration, water-use efficiency, predawn water potential and water content, as well as more enriched foliar δ13C. The magnitude of the difference between naturally mined and insecticide-treated trees did not change significantly throughout the growing season, suggesting that the effect is not caused by accumulation of incidental damage to mined portions of the epidermis over time. The contributions of mining-related stomatal malfunction and cuticular transpiration to these overall effects were investigated by restricting mining damage to stomatous abaxial and astomatous adaxial leaf surfaces. Mining of the abaxial epidermis decreased photosynthesis and enriched leaf δ13C, while increasing leaf water potential and water content relative to unmined leaves, effects consistent with stomatal closure due to disfunction of mined guard cells. Mining of the adaxial epidermis also reduced photosynthesis but had different effects on water relations, reducing midday leaf water potential and water content relative to unmined leaves, and did not affect δ13C. In the laboratory, extent of mining damage to the adaxial surface was positively related to the rate of water loss by leaves treated to prevent water loss through stomata. We conclude that overall, despite water savings due to closure of mined stomata, natural levels of damage by P. populiella negatively impact water relations due to increased cuticular permeability to water vapor across the mined portions of the epidermis. Leaf mining by P. populiella could exacerbate the negative effects of climate warming and water deficit in interior Alaska.

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Fitrianto, Nur, Siti Samiyarsih, Dede Winda Nur Fauziah, and Sri Lestari. "THE EFFECT OF CHROMIUM STRESS ON MICRO-ANATOMICAL PROFILE OF CHILI (Capsicum annuum L.)." BERITA BIOLOGI 20, no. 1 (May 10, 2021): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/beritabiologi.v20i1.3866.

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Chromium contamination can affect morphological, physiological, and anatomical changes, especially in chili vegetative organs. This research aims to understand micro-anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of chili subjected to chromium stress. The aim of the research is to know whether there is a micro-anatomical character difference between contaminated and uncontaminated chromium. The experimental methods using a completely randomized design (CRD). The independent variable is five levels of chromium concentration, i.e., 0; 50; 100; 200; and 300 ppm. The method of preparing anatomical preparations of the stem using a non-embedding and embedding method. The parameters observed in root and stem are organ diameter, xylem, thick of epidermis, and cortex. In contrast, leaf organ parameter includes thick cuticle, epidermis, mesophyll, stomata size (length and width), and stomatal number. The research results showed that organ anatomical structure, i.e., root, stem, and leaf in chromium stress condition did not change. Chromium deposition causes a decrease in root diameter, xylem, thick cortex roots, stem diameter, xylem, the thickness of the epidermis and cortex, leaf epidermal thickness, mesophyll, size of stomata width and number. In contrast, the chromium stress causes an increase in the thickness of the root epidermis (43,18%), cuticle thickness (36,36%), and leaf stomata length (33,33%) of chili as chromium concentrations increase. The anatomical structure of chili leaves changes after being contaminated chromium stress.

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Zubairova, U. S., and A. V. Doroshkov. "Wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the influence of stress conditions on morphogenesis." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 19, no. 6 (December 18, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/10.18699/vj18.32-o.

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The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work, we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on stressinduced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis. Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky agriculture.

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Zubairova, U. S., and A. V. Doroshkov. "Wheat leaf epidermal pattern as a model for studying the influence of stress conditions on morphogenesis." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 22, no. 7 (November 9, 2018): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj18.32-o.

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The leaf epidermis of a monocotyledonous plant is a widely used model system for studying the differentiation of plant cells, as it contains readily observable specialized cells. The approach proposed in this paper uses a growing cereal leaf to study stress-induced dynamic changes in morphogenesis. In the process of formation, the linear leaf of wheat remains in the stationary growth phase for long. This fact permits us to observe a series of successive morphogenetic events recorded in the cellular structure of the mature leaf. In studying the cellular architecture of the wheat leaf epidermis, we obtained and processed confocal 3D images of wheat leaves stained with fluorescent dyes. This procedure allows an accurate morphometric description and determination of quantitative characteristics of the leaf epidermal pattern. Low temperatures are among the factors limiting the growing of crop plants in the temperate zone. In the present work, we show significant aberrations of stomatal morphogenesis in the epidermis of boot leaves of wheat varieties Saratovskaya 29 and Yanetskis Probat in response to cold stress. We found that nonfunctional stomata predominated in the zone of maximum manifestation of stress, whereas in the zones formed before and after the stress impact, the developmental anomalies come to the disturbance in the morphogenesis of subsidiary cells. In Saratovskaya 29, a significant amount of ectopic trichomes formed in rows predetermined to stoma formation. The proposed approach can provide standardized qualitative and quantitative data on stress-induced morphogenesis aberrations in wheat leaf epidermis. Subsequently, these data can be used for verification of computer models of leaf morphogenesis. Further study of the mechanisms of the effect of cold stress on morphogenesis will add to the search for additional opportunities to increase wheat yields in areas of risky agriculture.

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Robinson, Sarah, Enrico Coen, Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz, Andrew Bangham, Samantha Fox, Grant Calder, and Pierre Barbier de Reuille. "Cell division in the Arabidopsis leaf epidermis." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 153, no. 2 (June 2009): S175—S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.371.

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Bergmann, Dominique, Juan Dong, Greg Lampard, Cora MacAlister, Charles Hachez, Matthew Rowe, and Carrie Metzinger. "Asymmetry and pattern in the leaf epidermis." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 153, no. 2 (June 2009): S176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.373.

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Klimko, Małgorzata, and Mariola Truchan. "Morphological variability of the leaf epidermis in selected taxa of the genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) and its taxonomic implications." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 75, no. 4 (2011): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2006.038.

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The leaf epidermis of 36 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties and cultivars) of the genus Ficus (subgenera Ficus, Synoecia, Sycomorus, Pharmacosycea and Urostigma) was observed under LM and SEM. Characteristics of the epidermis are of particular taxonomic as well as phylogenetic interest because they differ conspicuously between species. The differences are especially prominent in the size and shape of epidermal cells, the shape of cell walls, peristomatal cuticular rim, the distribution and position of stomata, lithocysts, hydathodes, trichomes, and the types of wax, cuticle and trichomes. Results of this study provided data on new qualitative and quantitative traits of the leaf epidermis in the selected taxa, and confirmed the classification suggested by Berg (1989).

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Satoh, Hiroshi, Hironori Matsuda, Takehiro Kawamura, Masamichi Isogai, Nobuyuki Yoshikawa, and Tsuyoshi Takahashi. "Intracellular distribution, cell-to-cell trafficking and tubule-inducing activity of the 50 kDa movement protein of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus fused to green fluorescent protein." Journal of General Virology 81, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 2085–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-8-2085.

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The 50 kDa protein (50KP) encoded by ORF2 of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) was expressed transiently in cells of Nicotiana occidentalis and Chenopodium quinoa leaves. Its intracellular distribution, cell-to-cell trafficking in leaf epidermis and tubule formation on the surface of protoplasts were analysed. The 50KP–GFP fluorescence was distributed as small irregular spots or a fibrous network structure on the periphery of epidermal cells and protoplasts of both plant species. In leaf epidermis of N. occidentalis, the protein spread from the cells that produced it into neighbouring cells in both young and mature leaves and targetted plasmodesmata in these cells. In contrast, GFP was restricted to single cells in most cases in mature leaves. When 50KP and GFP were co-expressed in leaf epidermis of N. occidentalis, GFP spread more widely from the initial cells that produced it than when GFP was expressed alone, suggesting that 50KP facilitated the cell-to-cell trafficking of GFP. 50KP–GFP was able to complement local spread of 50KP-deficient virus when expressed transiently in leaf epidermis of C. quinoa. Expression of 50KP–GFP in protoplasts resulted in the production of tubular structures protruding from the surface. Mutational analyses showed that the C-terminal region (aa 287–457) was not essential for localization to plasmodesmata, cell-to-cell trafficking, complementation of movement of 50KP-deficient virus or tubule formation on protoplasts. In contrast, deletions in the N-terminal region resulted in the complete disruption of all these activities.

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Stenglein, Sebastian A., Ana M. Arambarri, Oscar N. Vizgarra, and Pedro A. Balatti. "Micromorphological variability of leaf epidermis in Mesoamerican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Leguminosae)." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 1 (2004): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02083.

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The purpose of this work was to make a detailed description of leaf epidermal characteristics among four Mesoamerican common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) types, since they may play a role in plant defence against pathogens and/or drought. Therefore, we studied variability of epidermal cell number per mm2, stomatal size and number per mm2, stomatal index, and trichome density and dimensions on both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal surfaces. In all the common bean types studied, both surfaces of the leaves were devoid of wax crystalloids. Trichome density and distribution differed among the common bean types. Furthermore, the abaxial leaf surface always presented more trichomes than the adaxial surface. The leaves were amphistomatic, with the guard cells located in line with epidermal cells. Common bean leaves presented paracytic, anomocytic and anisocytic stomatal types. All common beans presented the adaxial epidermis of the leaves with a lower density of bigger stomates than on the abaxial epidermis.Our results demonstrate that micromorphological characteristics on both leaf surfaces are variable traits among common bean types.

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Simmons, Carl, Sabine Hantke, Susan Grant, Gurmukh S. Johal, and Steven P. Briggs. "The Maize Lethal Leaf Spot 1 Mutant Has Elevated Resistance to Fungal Infection at the Leaf Epidermis." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 11, no. 11 (November 1998): 1110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1998.11.11.1110.

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The maize lethal leaf spot 1 (lls1) mutant exhibits enhanced resistance to fungal pathogens. The lls1 resistance to Cochliobolus heterostrophus has two components: (i) lesion number is reduced 40% relative to wild type; and (ii) the lesions that do form often do not contain viable fungus. This lesion sterility is dependent upon leaf maturity and light, whereas reduced lesion number is not. The lls1 lesions express pathogenesis-related proteins at high levels, so lesion sterility likely results from activation of defense systems and necrosis. Reduced lesion number is correlated with a reduction of C. heterostrophus spore germination, hyphal growth, and haustoria formation on the leaf epidermis. The rust pathogen Puccinia sorghi has reduced pustule formation on lls1, and its germination and growth are also slowed on the epidermis. However, after entering the mesophyll through stomata, P. sorghi can form pustules on lls1, and even green islands within necrotic lls1 lesions. In situ mRNA hybridization shows that Lls1 is predominantly expressed in the leaf epidermis, coincident with the site of resistance in the mutant.

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Pavlovic, Pavle, Olga Kostic, Snezana Jaric, Gordana Gajic, Dragana Pavlovic, Marija Pavlovic, and Miroslava Mitrovic. "The effects of leaf litter chemistry and anatomical traits on the litter decomposition rate of Quercus frainetto Ten. and Quercus cerris L. in situ." Archives of Biological Sciences 72, no. 4 (2020): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs200902048p.

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This paper presents the results of a one-year decomposition experiment on Quercus frainetto Ten. and Quercus cerris L. leaf litter in natural conditions. The decomposition rate constant was 0.831 yr?1 (Q. frainetto) and 0.458 yr?1 (Q. cerris). For the initial chemical composition of the oaks? litter, differences were not found in concentrations of lignin and fats, waxes and oil fractions, but were found for water-soluble matter, hemicellulose and cellulose. Later decomposition stages indicated that lignin and fats, waxes and oil fractions influenced differences in both oaks? litter decay rates. Anatomical analysis revealed differences between the oaks in leaf mesophyll and epidermis but not in the entire leaf and lower epidermis. Results after 12 months of the experiment revealed that 48.04% of the entire leaf, 53.30% of mesophyll, 32.93% of lignified upper and 47.67% of lower epidermis in Q. frainetto, and 28.70% of the entire leaf, 31.60% of mesophyll, 25.17% of lignified upper and 20.93% of lower epidermis in Q. cerris were decomposed. Reduction in leaf thickness mainly was caused by the reduction of mesophyll parenchyma, composed of easily degradable plant materials. Leaf tissues with the most recalcitrant plant materials were lignified upper epidermis, covered by a thick cuticle composed of fats and waxes, and xylem within the leaf veins.

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ONWUEME, I. C., and M. JOHNSTON. "INFLUENCE OF SHADE ON STOMATAL DENSITY, LEAF SIZE AND OTHER LEAF CHARACTERISTICS IN THE MAJOR TROPICAL ROOT CROPS, TANNIA, SWEET POTATO, YAM, CASSAVA AND TARO." Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 4 (October 2000): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700001071.

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Since shading often occurs under normal growing conditions in various cropping systems (for example, intercropping, alley cropping), field experiments were carried out to determine the effects of shading on stomatal density, leaf size, leaf dry matter, and leaf lamina thickness in the major tropical root and tuber crops, tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), yam (Dioscorea esculenta), cassava (Manihot esculenta), and taro (Colocasia esculenta). Shading decreased stomatal density in the lower epidermis of tannia, sweet potato, yam and cassava, and in the upper epidermis also in tannia and sweet potato; the upper epidermis of yam and cassava were devoid of stomata. In contrast to the other species, taro under shade had an increased stomatal density in both the upper and lower epidermis, a finding which was confirmed in subsequent pot experiments. This response of taro was postulated as a possible manifestation of greater shade adaptation by the species.For all the species, shading generally resulted in the production of larger (in terms of surface area) but thinner leaves, with a decreased dry matter concentration. For the two species (yam and cassava) that had stomata only on the lower epidermis, normal sun-grown plants had about twice as many stomata per unit area of lower epidermis than did corresponding plants of the other three species. The agronomic and physiological significance of the findings are discussed.

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Bredenkamp, C. L., and A. E. Van Wyk. "The epidermis in Passerina/ (Thymelaeaceae): structure, function and taxonomic significance." Bothalia 30, no. 1 (February 3, 2000): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v30i1.2219.

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Epidermal features were studied in all 17 species of Passerina, a genus endemic to southern Africa. Leaves in Passerina are inversely ericoid, the adaxial surface concave and the abaxial surface convex. Leaves are inversely dorsiventral and epistomatic. The adaxial epidermis is villous, with unicellular, uniseriate trichomes and relatively small thin-walled cells, promoting flexibility of leaf margins owing to turgor changes. In common with many other Thymelaeaceae, abaxial epidermal cells are large and tanniniferous with mucilaginous cell walls. The cuticle is adaxially thin, but abaxially well developed, probably enabling the leaf to restrict water loss and to tolerate high light intensity and UV-B radiation. Epicuticular waxes, present in all species, comprise both soft and plate waxes. Epidermal structure proves to be taxonomically important at family, genus and species levels. Interspecific differences include arrangement of stomata and presence or absence of abaxial epidermal hair. Other diagnostic characters of the abaxial epidermal cells are arrangement,size and shape, cutic- ular ornamentation and presence or absence of wax platelets. Two groups of species on the basis of abaxial epidermal cell orientation are recognised. Many leaf epidermal features in Passerina are interpreted as structural adaptations to the Mediterranean climate of the Cape.

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ARIANO, Ana Paula Ramos, and Ivone Vieira da SILVA. "Leaf anatomy of Qualea parviflora (Vochysiaceae) in three phytophysiognomies of the Mato Grosso State, Brazil." Acta Amazonica 46, no. 2 (June 2016): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201504173.

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ABSTRACT Leaves have a variety of morphological and anatomical characters mainly influenced by climatic, edaphic and biotic factors. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical leaf traits of Qualea parviflora from three phytophysiognomies. The studied phytophysiognomies were Amazon Savannah on rocky outcrops (ASR), Transition Rupestrian Cerrado (TRC), and Cerradão (CDA). Freehand sections of the leaf blade were made and stained with 0.5% astra blue and with basic fuchsin. From the adaxial and abaxial leaf surface, freehand paradermal sections were made for epidermis analysis. The Jeffrey´s method, with modifications, was used in the epidermis dissociation process. The samples from the TRC phytophysiognomy had relatively smaller ordinary epidermal cells, higher abundance of trichomes, and mesophyll with few intercellular spaces, in comparison to the other phytophysiognomies. The leaves from the ASR phytophysiognomy had higher stomatal index (SI = 21.02), and five to six layers of sclerenchyma surrounding the midrib vascular bundle. The secondary vascular bundles had thicker cell walls and the bundle sheath extended up to the epidermal tissue of both leaf sides. Leaves from the CDA phytophysiognomy had mesomorphic environmental traits, such as a thinner cuticle. It is concluded that trees from ASR and TRC phytophysiognomies have xeromorphic traits following the environmental conditions where they occur.

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Ben Salem-Fnayou, Asma, Mohsen Hanana, Noureddine Fathalli, Imène Souid, Hassène Zemni, Roger Bessis, and Abdelwahed Ghorbel. "Adaptative anatomical characteristics of grapevine leaf in the south of Tunisia." OENO One 39, no. 1 (March 31, 2005): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2005.39.1.904.

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The adaptation qualities of local (Razegui, Asli) and introduced (Cardinal) grapevine cultivars were evaluated through an experimental test carried out in the Tunisian Sahara (Rjim-Mâatoug), characterized by severe environmental conditions (temperature, light intensity, sirocco and salinity). These adaptation qualities were evaluated on an anatomical and ultrastructural scale.Thus, the histological study showed a significant difference in vine leaf blade thickeness between the north and the south, in Cardinal cultivar. The Scanning Electron Microscope results showed a remarkable difference in the leaf epidermic cell shapes between the north and the south-cultivated varieties. We think that this difference is due to abundant epicuticular wax deposits observed as irregular crystalloid plates which are definitely more abundant in the northern leaf samples than in the southern. In parallele, the transverse leaf blade section showed thicker « cuticle and outer epidermal cell wall » in the southern leaf samples than in the northern. Besides, the transmission microscopy observations confirmed the thickening of the abaxial epidermis surface, which is mainly attributed to the cell wall simultaneously with a wax accumulation across the cuticule, in the Sahara.

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Srinual, Anitthan. "Comparative Leaf Epidermis of Some Dipterocarpaceae in Thailand." Khon Kaen University Journal (Graduate Studies) 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5481/kkujgs.2009.9.1.1.

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Theunissen, J. D. "An Improved Method for Studying Grass Leaf Epidermis." Stain Technology 64, no. 5 (January 1989): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10520298909107008.

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KONG, HONG-ZHI. "Comparative morphology of leaf epidermis in the Chloranthaceae." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 136, no. 3 (July 2001): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb00573.x.

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CHARLTON, W. A. "Differentiation in Leaf Epidermis of Chlorophytum comosum Baker." Annals of Botany 66, no. 5 (November 1990): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a088066.

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Pautov, Anatoly, Olga Yakovleva, Elena Krylova, and Galina Gussarova. "Large lipid droplets in leaf epidermis of angiosperms." Flora 219 (March 2016): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2015.12.010.

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Ramos, Elio, and Denny S. Fernández. "Classification of leaf epidermis microphotographs using texture features." Ecological Informatics 4, no. 3 (August 2009): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2009.06.003.

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Lin, Xiaohui, Hongbo Li, Shenggen He, Zhenpei Pang, Shuqin Lin, and Hongmei Li. "Investigation of Stomata in Cut ‘Master’ Carnations: Organographic Distribution, Morphology, and Contribution to Water Loss." HortScience 55, no. 7 (July 2020): 1144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14945-20.

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Leaf stomata are the main channels for water loss of plants including cut flowers. In this study, we investigated the organographic distribution, morphological characteristics, light–dark response, and water loss contribution of stomata in cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L. ‘Master’), which are prone to typical water deficits despite a few and small leaves. Stomata were observed in the upper and lower leaf epidermis, stem surface, abaxial bract epidermis, and abaxial sepal epidermis. Stomatal density (SD) on the stem surface was the highest and significantly greater than that on the upper and lower leaf and abaxial bract epidermis. The sepal epidermis had the lowest SD and the smallest stomata whereas the upper leaf epidermis had the largest stomata. Changes in the water loss rate increased in the light and decreased in the dark in both intact and leaves-removed cut carnations. The water loss rate of the former was greater than that of the latter. However, the water loss rate for the stem-only cut carnations had weak change rhythms and was much lower than that for the intact and leaves-removed cut carnations. These findings demonstrate the differential contributions of stomata in leaves, stems, and floral organs to water loss, and help to elucidate further the mechanism underlying postharvest water deficit in cut carnations.

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Pereira-Netto, Adaucto Bellarmino de, Antonio Carlos Gabriele, and Hilton Silveira Pinto. "Aspects of leaf anatomy of kudzu (Pueraria lobata, Leguminosae-Faboideae) related to water and energy balance." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 34, no. 8 (August 1999): 1361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x1999000800006.

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Kudzu is a cover crop that has escaped cultivation in some subtropical and warm temperate regions. Kudzu has previously demonstrated broad intraspecific physiological plasticity while colonizing new environments. The objective of this paper was to investigate characteristics of kudzu leaflet anatomy that might contribute to its successful growth in climatically distinct environments, and to escape cultivation as well. Fresh and fixed leaflet strips of field-grown plants were analyzed. The lower epidermis of kudzu showed a higher frequency of stomata (147 ± 19 stomata mm-2) than the upper epidermis (26 ± 17 stomata mm-2). The average number of trichomes per square milimeter was 8 for both the upper and the lower epidermis. The average trichome length was 410 ± 200 mum for the upper epidermis and 460 ± 190 mum for the lower epidermis. Cuticle thickness was not considerably different between lower and upper epidermis. The leaflet blade consisted basically of two layers (upper and lower) of unicellular epidermis, two layers of palisade parenchyma and one layer of spongy parenchyma. One layer of paraveinal mesophyll was found between palisade and spongy parenchyma. In conclusion, leaflets of kudzu present anatomical characteristics that might contribute to the broad physiological plasticity shown by kudzu.

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Daltin, Ângela L., Aline Oriani, and Vera L. Scatena. "Leaf and inflorescence axis anatomy of Brazilian species of Rapateoideae (Rapateaceae, Poales)." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 87, no. 1 (March 2015): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140071.

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The anatomy of leaves and inflorescence axes of Spathanthus (2 spp.), Rapatea (2 spp.), Cephalostemon(1 sp.), and Duckea(1 sp.) (Rapateoideae, Rapateaceae) was studied to identify useful characters for taxonomy. The cross-section shape of inflorescence axis differentiates the genera, while the cross-section shape and structure of leaf midrib has a specific value. The following characteristics are exclusive of Spathanthus: silica cells randomly distributed in the leaf epidermis; plicate chlorenchyma in the leaf blade; presence of fiber bundles in the mesophyll and in the inflorescence axis parenchyma. Spathanthus is also distinguished by the number, type and distribution of vascular bundles in the inflorescence axis. The genus Rapatea is characterized by the presence of stomata and silica cells only on the abaxial epidermis of the leaves and chlorenchyma composed of arm cells in the leaf blade. Characteristics with diagnostic value for Cephalostemon riedelianusare: leaf epidermal cells with straight to slightly sinuous walls in frontal view, inflorescence axes presenting a defined cortex, fiber bundles facing the larger vascular bundles and a fistulous pith. The anatomical characteristics of the leaves and inflorescence axes thus proved to be of taxonomic value in generic and specific levels. They are also useful to differentiate Rapateoideae from other subfamilies of Rapateaceae.

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Miljkovic, Danijela, Stevan Avramov, Vukica Vujic, Luka Rubinjoni, Natasa Klisaric-Barisic, Uros Zivkovic, and Aleksej Tarasjev. "Between-clone, between-leaf and within-leaf variation in leaf epidermis traits in Iris pumila clones." Genetika 45, no. 2 (2013): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1302297m.

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The goal of this study was to analyze variation and covariation in epidermal characteristics (epidermal cell density -ECD, stomata density - SD, and stomata index - SI) on Iris pumila clones on between-clone, between-leaf and within-leaf levels. ECD (similar to the pattern previously observed for SD) increased from the base to the top of leaf, while SI remained constant. Results of profile analyses indicated that clones, individual plants whitin clones (ramets), and three successive leaves on the same plant were not significantly different for examined characteristics, but genetic variation for position effect was detected (significant Zone x clone interaction). Results of the contrast analysis confirmed differences between the base and middle leaf positions for ECD (similar to those for SD) as well as between clone variation for those differences. Observed differences between leaf zones and correlations between analyzed traits were mostly consistent with the expansion hypothesis of stomata differentiation.

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Krause, G. Heinrich, Alexander Gallé, Rolf Gademann, and Klaus Winter. "Capacity of protection against ultraviolet radiation in sun and shade leaves of tropical forest plants." Functional Plant Biology 30, no. 5 (2003): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp03047.

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Protection of leaves of tropical forest plants against UV-A and -B radiation was studied in three lowland forests, a montane cloud forest and a mangrove stand in Panama. Leaves were classified as sun or shade leaves according to their chlorophyll a / b ratio, pool size of xanthophyll cycle pigments and α- and β-carotene contents. The capacity of the leaves for protection against UV radiation was assessed by estimating epidermal UV-A shielding, by a non-invasive fluorometric method, and by the absorbance of ethanolic / aqueous leaf extracts in the UV spectral region. In all sun leaves tested, UV-A shielding by the adaxial epidermis was high, usually above 90%, whereas in shade leaves the epidermal UV-A shielding was markedly lower and varied widely between species. In most cases UV-A shielding by the abaxial epidermis was lower than by the adaxial epidermis. UV absorbance of the leaf extracts was generally higher in sun than in shade leaves, and the absorbance was much higher in the UV-B spectral region at 305 nm than in the UV-A region at 375 nm. The data demonstrate that sun leaves of tropical plants are well protected against solar UV-A and UV-B radiation. However, UV-induced damage may occur when shade leaves become exposed to full solar radiation.

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Ciobanu (Țurlea), Elena Cristina, Elena Săvulescu, and Monica Luminița Badea. "ANATOMICAL ASPECTS OF THE STEM AND LEAF OF MENTHA x PIPERITA L. (LAMIACEAE)." Current Trends in Natural Sciences 10, no. 19 (July 31, 2021): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47068/ctns.2021.v10i19.059.

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Mentha x piperita (Lamiaceae) has been known since ancient times due to its aromatic and therapeutic properties. The differences in essential oil composition among the members of the genus Mentha offer a diversity of strains with high contents of menthone, menthol, carvone, linalool, or other valued terpenoid components synthesized by the mevalonic acid pathway. The species was analyzed anatomically. As biologic material, stems and leaves have been sampled from crops, during the vegetation period, before blooming. From an anatomical point of view, transverse sections were made through stems and leaves. At the level of the epidermis, both in the stem and in the leaf, the secretory and the tector trichomes were highlighted. The foliar limb is hypostomatic, with stomata in the inferior epidermis, the stomata being of the diacitic type. The mesophilus of the foliar is bifacial, having palisadic tissue with a single layer of cells, located under the superior epidermis and lacunar tissue, located under the inferior epidermis.

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Karabourniotis, George, and Costas Fasseas. "The dense indumentum with its polyphenol content may replace the protective role of the epidermis in some young xeromorphic leaves." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-043.

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The bright, yellow-green, ammonia-induced fluorescence of polyphenol compounds contained in the nonglandular hairs and within the epidermis of Olea europaea and Quercus ilex leaves was age dependent. Epifluorescence microscopic examination of transverse sections of leaves from both species showed that abaxial and adaxial epidermal layers emitted the characteristic green-yellow bright fluorescence only in late developmental stages, when a considerable decrease of the trichome density had already occurred. At earlier developmental stages, only the dense and thick trichome layer emitted the bright green-yellow fluorescence. In addition, the trichomes of young leaves of Olea and Quercus resembled the glandular ones of other species morphologically and possibly functionally. These findings suggest that the protective role of the trichome against ultraviolet-B radiation damage and (or) other environmental factors is particularly significant during the early stages of leaf development and may be less important at later stages, when the protective role is taken over by the epidermis. Keywords: leaf hairs, phenolics, UV-B radiation damage, leaf development, Olea europaea L., Quercus ilex L.

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Deng, Min, Qiansheng Li, Shuting Yang, YanChun Liu, and Jin Xu. "Comparative morphology of leaf epidermis in the genus Lithocarpus and its implication in leaf epidermal feature evolution in Fagaceae." Plant Systematics and Evolution 299, no. 3 (January 10, 2013): 659–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0751-0.

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Dyki, Barbara, and Hanna Hadrys. "The method of isolation of epidermis of tomato and cucurnber leaves for microscopic investigation of pathogenic fungus development." Acta Agrobotanica 49, no. 1-2 (2013): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.1996.013.

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There has been described a new, easy method of isolation and staining of epidermis from leaves and cotyledon of healthy cucumber and infected one with the fungus Pseudoperonospora cubensis Berk and Curt and from tomato leaves infected with the fungus Oidiurn licopersicum Cook and Massee. The epidermis was taken of with the use of transparent Scotch from the leaves and stained with toluidyne blue. This method is helpful in distinguising the differences in a structure of epidermis of healthy and infected leaves and in estimating the following: stage of development of the fungus on epidermis, number and size of haustorium in epidermis cells, number of spores of a fungus on the certain surface of the host leaf. This method is valuable because it enables to protect the material for a long time, which is very important during testing a big number of plants. Key words: leaf epidermis, method of isoIation, cucumber, tomato, pathogenic fungus.

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Karabourniotis, G., J. F. Bornman, and V. Liakoura. "Different leaf surface characteristics of three grape cultivars affect leaf optical properties as measured with fibre optics: possible implication in stress tolerance." Functional Plant Biology 26, no. 1 (1999): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98052.

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Abstract:

Young leaves of three grape cultivars having different surface characteristics (cv. Athiri, pubescent; cv. Soultanina, glabrous green; and cv. Fraoula, glabrous red-brown) only during the early stages of their development, were used to investigate the potential, differential effect of a trichome layer or a pigmented epidermis on the light microenvironment within the mesophyll. The penetration of forward propagated 310, 360 and 430 nm radiation into the leaf tissues was monitored using a quartz fibre-optic microprobe. The mesophyll of the young leaves of Athiri was much better protected from ultraviolet-A, ultraviolet-B and high visible radiation compared to the other two cultivars. Abaxial, as well as adaxial trichome layers attenuated almost all incident radiation at 310 nm and 360 nm and a considerable part of the blue light (430 nm). No significant differences in light attenuation from epidermal and mesophyll layers between the other two cultivars were observed. The adaxial epidermis of young and dehaired leaves of cv. Athiri was largely ineffective in absorbing the incident ultraviolet- B radiation. In addition, the dehaired lamina of such leaves exhibited 80% lower relative concentration of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds per leaf surface area, compared to leaves of similar ontogenetic stage in the cv. Soultanina. It is proposed that the occurrence of a dense trichome layer in young leaves, besides other proposed functions, may play a protective role against not only ultraviolet radiation damage, but also against high insolation. This protection could be advantageous under stress conditions during leaf development.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Leaf epidermis'

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