To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Leaf-feeding larvae.
Journal articles on the topic 'Leaf-feeding larvae'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Leaf-feeding larvae.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Liu, Nan, Yulu Yan, Longwei Yang, et al. "Effect of Different Sowing Seasons, Growth Stages, Leaf Positions, and Soybean Varieties on the Growth of Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell Larvae." Agronomy 14, no. 2 (2024): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020397.
Full textAbstract:
Clanis bilineata tsingtauica Mell (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae, CBT), as a traditional edible insect, is becoming popular in China due to its high nutritional value, but production needs to be improved to meet the expanding market. In the present study, CBT eggs were artificially inoculated on soybean leaves to evaluate the effects of leaf position, growth stage, sowing season, and soybean variety on CBT larval growth, respectively. The results showed that (1) the larval weight and survival rate were poorly correlated, so they could represent two different larval growth and development indicators for CBT. The 21-day-old larval weight was significantly different between the sowing seasons and between soybean growth stages, which was suitable as a key indicator for evaluating CBT larval rearing factors. (2) Compared with autumn-sown soybeans, the weight of 21-day-old larvae feeding on V6 stage (sixth trifoliolate) leaves of summer-sown soybeans was significantly higher, with an average increase of 44.7%. (3) Under autumn sowing conditions, the weight of 21-day-old larvae feeding on soybeans in the V6 stage was significantly higher than those fed on soybeans in the R3 stage (beginning pod), increasing by 33.9%. (4) Under summer sowing conditions, the weight of 21-day-old larvae feeding on the third-top leaf (the third leaf from the top of the soybeans’ main stem) was significantly higher than those feeding on the third-bottom leaf (the third leaf from the bottom of the soybeans’ main stem) at V6 stage by 35.7%. Similar results also appeared in autumn sowing; the average weights of 21-day-old larvae feeding on the third-top leaf increased significantly by 29.9% compared to those feeding on the third-bottom leaf. Moreover, the survival rate of larvae fed with the third-top leaf was significantly higher than that of those fed with the third-bottom leaf at the V6 stage in autumn sowing. Leaf position is the main factor affecting the survival rate of larvae. (5) Under summer sowing conditions, the weights of larvae fed with the third-top leaf of the susceptible-soybean varieties NN89-29 and NN1138-2 were significantly higher than that of those fed with the third-bottom leaf of these varieties. This difference was significantly reduced with autumn sowing. In conclusion, the CBT eggs inoculated on the third-top leaf of NN89-29 and NN1138-2 at the V6 stage in summer sowing could achieve maximum larval yield.
2
Saraswathi, M., N. Muthukumaran, and M. Ramanan. "Bio Physical Basis of Resistance to Tobacco Caterpillar Spodoptera litura (Fab.) in Castor." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (2022): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1101.040.
Full textAbstract:
Castor, (Ricinus communis L.) is one of the most important commercial, non-edible oilseed crop. Tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), is a major defoliator of castor. The biophysical factors in castor play a major role in conferring resistance against S.litura. The present study was conducted with an objective, to study the biophysical basis of resistance against S. litura. Feeding preference of S. litura larvae to the leaves of IVHT-39 followed by Salem Local was minimum in the confinement test. Salem Local recorded minimum feeding preference of S.litura larvae in free choice test followed by DCS-107. Biophysical factors (Leaf length, Leaf breadth, Total leaf area, Leaf thickness, Petiole length and Leaf angle to stem) were analysed. In the present study, Leaf length, Leaf breadth and Total leaf area exerted a positive correlation with larval feeding and Leaf thickness, Petiole length and leaf angle to stem had significant negative correlation with larval feeding of S. litura.
3
Wang, Dingli, Qiyun Wang, Xiao Sun, Yulin Gao, and Jianqing Ding. "Potato Tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) Leaf Infestation Effects Performance of Conspecific Larvae on Harvested Tubers by Inducing Chemical Defenses." Insects 11, no. 9 (2020): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090633.
Full textAbstract:
Conspecific aboveground and belowground herbivores can interact with each other, mediated by plant secondary chemicals; however, little attention has been paid to the interaction between leaf feeders and tuber-feeders. Here, we evaluated the effect of the foliar feeding of P. operculella larvae on the development of conspecific larvae feeding on harvested tubers by determining the nutrition and defense metabolites in the whole plant (leaf, root and tuber). We found that leaf feeding negatively affected tuber larval performance by increasing the female larval developmental time and reducing the male pupal weight. In addition, aboveground herbivory increased α-chaconine and glycoalkaloids in tubers and α-solanine in leaves, but decreased α-chaconine and glycoalkaloids in leaves. Aboveground herbivory also altered the levels of soluble sugar, soluble protein, starch, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), as well as the C:N ratio in both leaves and tubers. Aboveground P. operculella infestations could affect the performance of conspecific larvae feeding on harvested tubers by inducing glycoalkaloids in the host plant. Our findings indicate that field leaf herbivory should be considered when assessing the quality of potato tubers and their responses to pests during storage.
4
Khatun, Mousumi, Mohammad Mahir Uddin, Md Azizul Haque, and Mohammad Saidur Rhaman. "Feeding, growth and chemical control of hog-plum beetle (Podontia 14- punctata)." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 3, no. 3 (2016): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v3i3.30729.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments were conducted to study the feeding, growth and chemical control of hog-plum beetle (Podontia 14-punctata) in the laboratory and in the field. It was found that larval leaf consumption gradually increased with the increase of age of larva. Mean leaf consumption per larva was 0.28g, 0.86g and 1.70g after 24, 72 and 144 hrs, respectively. Growth pattern of larva was depended on the rate of leaf consumption. The average body weight of larvae was increased with time and per larva was recorded as 0.06g, 0.19g and 0.45g after 24, 72 and 144 hrs of leaf consumption. Daily leaf consumption was higher in adults than larvae. Mean leaf consumption per adult was 0.24g, 0.91g and 1.87g after 24, 72 and 144 hrs, respectively. Mortality of larvae and adults against four chemical insecticides viz. Altima 40WG, Belt 24WG, Libsen 45SC and Limper 10EC were observed both in the laboratory and field. All the treatments had a significant effect on mortality percentage of larva and adult in comparison to control. The highest mortality percentage of the larva (86.67) and adult (80.00) were observed in the case of Limper 10EC at 72 hrs after spraying. However, there was no significant difference observed in efficacy among Limper 10EC, Belt 24WG and Libsen 45SC. In field, percentage of leaf protection over control after 1st spray was the highest (37.95) in Limper 10EC and the lowest (20.86) in Altima 40WG treated plants. The results of laboratory and field trials revealed that Limper 10EC might be recommended for effective control of P. 14-punctata.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(3): 387-394, December 2016
5
Stevens, P., P. Jamieson, L. E. Jamieson, and M. Knights. "Larval feeding behaviour and toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis against Ctenopseustis obliquana on avocados." New Zealand Plant Protection 54 (August 1, 2001): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2001.54.3733.
Full textAbstract:
Ctenopseustis obliquana is a serious pest of avocado in New Zealand Laboratory experiments to gain a greater understanding of the interaction between larval feeding behaviour and environmental degradation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) residues were carried out Larval C obliquana were found to feed equally during light and dark periods and the application of Bt sprays in the evening did not consistently result in higher mortality than sprays applied in the morning First instar larvae were more susceptible to Bt sprays than third instar larvae However when first instar larvae were provided with leaf discs that had been sprayed with Bt seven days previously mortality was equivalent to that of larvae feeding on unsprayed leaves Mortality of first and third instar larvae provided with Bttreated leaf discs collected from within the shade of the avocado tree canopy (zero and one day after spraying) was significantly greater than that of larvae provided with Bttreated leaf discs collected from the outer perimeter of the canopy Results indicated that even very short exposure to sunlight (ie 3060 minutes) was sufficient to cause a significant reduction in the toxicity of Btsprayed leaves to C obliquana larvae
6
Toana, Moh Hibban, Burhanuddin Haji Nasir, Fitriah Balosi, and Reza Anugrah. "Activity of Nerium oleander leaf extract on the larvae of Crocidolomia binotalis Zell." February 2023, no. 17(02):2023 (February 2, 2023): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.23.17.02.p3648.
Full textAbstract:
The active compound of Nerium oleander L. leaf extract is toxic to insect larvae. It is used to control pests but information on the activity of N. oleander leaf extract was not yet known in detail. This research aimed to determine mortality, lethal concentration (LC50), feeding inhibition, larval and pupal fitness weights and imago morphological perfection of Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. The research was done at the Laboratory of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University from May 2021 to October 2021. This research used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. Each treatment used 20 tails sample of third instar C. binotalis larvae from East Lore Sub-district, Poso Regency. Concentrations for the treatment of N. oleander leaf extract were as follows: P0 = 0%, P1 = 1.25%, P2 = 2.5%, P3 = 5%, and P4 = 10%. The results show that the concentrations of N. oleander leaf extract that were effective in causing mortality of C. binotalis larvae, were from 1.25% to 2.5%. The LC50 concentration of N. oleander leaf extract, which killed 50% of C. binotalis larvae, was 1.915% (0.01915ml/ml), with a minimum concentration of 1.425% (0.01425ml/ml) and a maximum concentration of 2.375% (0.02375ml/ml). The higher the concentration of N. oleander leaf extract, the higher the feeding inhibition, causing the decrease in the feeding of C. binotalis larvae. In addition, the fitness weights of C. binotalis larvae and pupae also decreased, so that fewer larvae developed into imago (adult individuals). A 10% concentration of N. oleander leaf extract caused abnormal (rudimentary) morphological forms of C. binotalis imago.
7
Rim, Kaitlin, Jamie Crawford, Steven J. Price, Donald R. Viands, and Ricardo A. Ramirez. "Seeking Alfalfa Resistance to a Rhizophagous Pest, the Clover Root Curculio (Sitona hispidulus F.)." Insects 12, no. 10 (2021): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12100906.
Full textAbstract:
Since the cancellation of broad-spectrum soil-active insecticides in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production, clover root curculio (Sitona hispidulus F.) (CRC) larval root damage has increased. Current CRC management practices are limited in their ability to suppress larval feeding belowground. First, we field screened developmental alfalfa populations for CRC damage. Subsequently, we developed a soil-less arena to observe nodule feeding and development (head capsule width) of larvae in the lab. This method was used to evaluate five alfalfa populations (two CRC-susceptible (control) and three CRC-resistant populations) against larvae. Further, one CRC-resistant population paired with its genetically similar susceptible population were tested against adult leaf consumption and oviposition in the greenhouse. Field screening revealed that the alfalfa populations selected for little or no larval root feeding damage were more resistant to CRC larval feeding than their corresponding unselected cultivars and significantly more resistant than populations selected for susceptibility. The development of a soil-less arena provided a useful method for evaluation of root-larva interactions. Although larval development was similar across susceptible and resistant alfalfa populations, one CRC-resistant population (NY1713) displayed overall increased nodulation and, thus, had a significantly lower proportion of nodules consumed by larvae. Adult feeding and oviposition aboveground were similar across all populations tested. These results provide possible candidates and screening method for the development and evaluation of alfalfa cultivars that may reduce the impacts of larval feeding and that offer an additional option for CRC management.
8
Li, S. Y., and S. M. Fitzpatrick. "RESPONSES OF LARVAL CHORISTONEURA ROSACEANA (HARRIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) TO A FEEDING STIMULANT." Canadian Entomologist 129, no. 2 (1997): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent129363-2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe commercial feeding stimulant Pheast® was tested in the laboratory to determine its attractive and phagostimulatory effects on larval Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). In choice experiments, larvae were attracted initially to filter paper discs treated with Pheast, but did not remain on or near treated discs. Larvae were not attracted initially to raspberry leaf discs treated with Pheast, but were more likely to stay near treated leaf discs than water-dipped ones. Larvae were neither attracted to nor arrested on whole raspberry leaves treated with Pheast. In no-choice experiments, larvae fed Pheast-treated leaves consumed more leaf tissue than, and grew almost twice as quickly as, larvae fed leaves dipped in water. When larvae were fed leaves treated with Dipel WP (Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki) plus 5% Pheast, the mortality was 93% greater than that of larvae fed leaves treated with Dipel WP alone. These results suggest that Pheast has potential to enhance efficacy of B. thuringiensis against C. rosaceana on raspberries in the field.
9
Pokon, Rapo, Vojtech Novotny, and G. A. Samuelson. "Host specialization and species richness of root-feeding chrysomelid larvae (Chrysomelidae, Coleoptera) in a New Guinea rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no. 6 (2005): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002567.
Full textAbstract:
The assemblages of root-feeding chrysomelid larvae from 21 locally common tree species were studied in a secondary tropical forest in New Guinea and compared with confamilial larvae and adults feeding on the foliage. Larval host plants were inferred from adults emerging from the soil containing the roots of known tree species. In total, 2495 chrysomelids from 100 species were reared from the roots. Almost 90% of adults in the forest canopy recruited from the species with root-feeding larvae, while species with leaf-feeding larvae represented 1% of individuals (the feeding guild for the remaining 9% was unknown). The root-feeding larvae were thus more important in tropical than temperate forests, possibly because of predation pressure by ants on tropical vegetation. The number of chrysomelids emerging annually from the soil in 1 ha of the forest was approximately 0.2 million. Root-feeding larvae were polyphagous as their modal host range included three or four from the six plant families studied. The lack of correlation between the phylogenetic distance of tree species and the similarity of their chrysomelid assemblages indicated that host choice was not constrained by plant phylogeny. The host range of larvae feeding on roots was as wide as that of the conspecific adults feeding on the foliage. The density and species composition of larval and adult assemblages on the studied trees were not correlated. These results suggest that even studies restricted to adult assemblages, which represent a majority of chrysomelid studies, can be informative, as the composition of adult assemblages is not necessarily constrained by larval host-plant selection.
10
SHINOHARA, AKIHIKO, HIDEHO HARA, KATJA KRAMP, STEPHAN M. BLANK, and YUICHI KAMEDA. "Bird droppings on chestnut leaves or sawfly larvae: DNA barcodes verify the occurrence of the archaic Megaxyela togashii (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in Hokkaido, Japan." Zootaxa 4221, no. 2 (2017): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4221.2.6.
Full textAbstract:
We made a molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences for ten unidentified Megaxyela larvae from Hokkaido, Honshu and Shikoku, Japan, and 15 identified adults of four Megaxyela, one Macroxyela and three Xyela species. It revealed that all larvae belonged to M. togashii Shinohara, 1992, which showed rather large intraspecific genetic variability even among the individuals from the same population. This is the first distribution record of M. togashii from Hokkaido. Megaxyela togashii is a univoltine species with a very short larval feeding period, only nine days in one rearing experiment from egg to larval maturation. The larva is a solitary, external leaf-feeder on Juglans ailanthifolia, resting curled around the central leaf vein at the apex of a leaflet, and may resemble the excrement of birds. The prepupa overwinters in an earthen cell whose wall is made only of soil, neither parchment-like nor containing fiber. The mature larva is described and several life traits are discussed.
11
Devanand, Peta, and Pathipati Usha Rani. "INSECT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE AND PURIFIED FRACTIONS FROM SOLANUM MELONGENA L., LYCOPERSICUM ESCULENTUM MILL. AND CAPSICUM ANNUUM L." Journal of Biopesticides 04, no. 02 (2011): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.4.2.118-130.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The biological activities of acetone crude extracts from the leaves of Solanum melongena L., Lycopersicum esculentum Mill., Capsicum annuum L. and fruit extract of S. melongena plants, were evaluated against two major pests, cluster caterpillar, Spodoptera litura Fab. and castor semilooper, Achaea janata L. The crude extracts were purified in a column and its purified fractions were assessed for its antifeedant and growth inhibitory activities by oral feeding method. The leaf extract of C. annuum and fruit extract of S. melongena showed strong antifeedant activity against S. litura and A. janata in leaf disc bioassays with a range of EC50 31.4- 34.7 mg/10cm² as compared to other extracts tested. The fruit extract of S. melongena and leaf extract of L. esculentum caused significant larval growth inhibition after seven days of feeding to both the larvae by oral feeding assay. The fruit extract of S. melongena and leaf extracts of L. esculentum and C. annuum interfered with the molting process and produced morphological abnormalities by oral ingestion. Methanol eluted purified fraction from S. melongena fruit extract produced more potent antifeedant and larval growth inhibitory activity against test larvae than the other eluted test fractions. The effect of these plant extracts on proteolytic activity of the midguts of the two lepidopteran larvae were analyzed using azocasein/BApNA/SAAPFpNA as substrates. The serine protease activity was inhibited in all midguts fed with S. melongena fruit extract, when compared to the other treated and controlled midguts. Fruit extract from S. melongena showed more potent activity against both lepidopteran larvae.
12
Zimmerman, Rick, D. Casey Sclar, Terri Randolph, and Whitney Cranshaw. "Toxicity of Neem-Derived Insecticides to Various Life Stages of the Elm Leaf Beetle." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 21, no. 4 (1995): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1995.029.
Full textAbstract:
A series of laboratory and field experiments to determine the suitability of neem oil derived insecticides for elm leaf beetle control was performed. Laboratory experiments determined mortality and antifeedant effects to elm leaf beetle larvae. Ovicidal activity was also evaluated in the laboratory. Field trials were conducted on mature elm trees to evaluate the efficacy of neem on elm leaf beetle larvae. Results of laboratory studies indicated significant mortality to elm leaf beetle larvae as a result of neem applications. In addition, greater mortality was observed to eggs treated with neem. Also, anti-feedant effects of neem-treated leaves was observed in all three elm leaf beetle larval instars. Neemtreated trees showed significantly less elm leaf beetle feeding damage than control trees for approximately one month after application. This study demonstrates the potential of neem oil formulations for elm leaf beetle control.
13
Flonc, Brianna, Mary Barbercheck, and Imtiaz Ahmad. "Observations on the Relationships between Endophytic Metarhizium robertsii, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and Maize." Pathogens 10, no. 6 (2021): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060713.
Full textAbstract:
Fungi in the genus Metarhizium are entomopathogens that can establish endophytically inside plants and benefit them through growth promotion and pest suppression. Lab- and greenhouse-based experiments were conducted to examine the effects of endophytic M. robertsii colonization in maize (Zea mays) on fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda). Maize seeds were inoculated with M. robertsii conidia, plants were evaluated for endophytic colonization, and then relative growth rate (RGR) and feeding behavior of larval FAW fed leaves from inoculated and uninoculated maize were measured. Endophytic M. robertsii was recovered from 60.5% of inoculated maize. In feeding bioassays, the RGR of larval FAW fed leaves of inoculated maize was no different than the RGR of larvae fed leaves from uninoculated maize. The RGR of larval FAW was positively correlated with the proportion of endophytic colonization of maize leaf and root tissues; however, in feeding assays, FAW larvae demonstrated no preference for consuming leaf tissue from inoculated or uninoculated maize. The proportion of leaf tissue consumed was unrelated to the proportion of M. robertsii-colonization of leaf or root tissue from source plants. We discuss possible reasons why FAW were not affected by endophytic M. robertsii in the context of assay methodology, FAW physiology, and induced maize defenses.
14
Simović, Nemanja, Jovan Dobrosavljević, Ivan Lj Milenković, et al. "Enhancement of Bioactivity of Common Ash and Manna Ash Leaf Extracts Against Spongy Moth Larvae Using a Chitosan–Gelatin Biopolymer Matrix." Forests 16, no. 5 (2025): 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/f16050774.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the bioactivity of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and manna ash (Fraxinus ornus L.) leaf extracts, both in the crude form and incorporated into a biopolymer matrix, against spongy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) larvae. Chemical analysis revealed that both species were abundant in polyphenolic compounds, with common ash containing significant quantities of p-hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and verbascoside, while manna ash was rich in coumarins, particularly aesculetin and aesculin. This study evaluated the feeding deterrent activity, contact and digestive toxicity, effects on larval nutritional indices, and larval development. Chitosan–gelatin-based biopolymer matrices containing the leaf extracts exhibited strong feeding deterrent activity at all tested concentrations, while crude leaf extracts showed moderate deterrence. The biopolymer matrices influenced spongy moth behavior only after digestion, resulting in reduced consumption and growth, as well as a prolonged duration of the third larval instar. No contact toxicity was observed for the biopolymer matrices. Incorporating leaf extracts into the chitosan–gelatin biopolymer matrix significantly enhanced their bioactivity against spongy moth larvae compared with crude leaf extracts. The results suggest that biopolymer matrices containing common ash and manna ash leaf extracts are promising environmentally friendly bioproducts for forest insect control, offering an innovative approach to managing spongy moth populations and protecting forest ecosystems.
15
Jones, Ian, and Ellen Lake. "Interactions between Two Biological Control Agents on Lygodium microphyllum." Insects 9, no. 4 (2018): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040180.
Full textAbstract:
Lygodium microphyllum (Lygodiaceae) is an invasive climbing fern in peninsular Florida. Two classical biological control agents are currently being released against L. microphyllum: a leaf galling mite, Floracarus perrepae (Acariformes: Eriophyidae), and a moth, Neomusotima conspurcatalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Little is known about how the two species interact in the field; thus we conducted oviposition choice tests to determine the effects of F. perrepae presence on oviposition behavior in N. conspurcatalis. Further, we conducted feeding trials with N. conspurcatalis larvae to establish the effects of gall presence on larval survival and rate of development, and determine whether N. conspurcatalis larvae would directly consume F. perrepae galls. Neomusotima conspurcatalis laid significantly more eggs on mite galled (52.66 ± 6.211) versus ungalled (34.40 ± 5.587) L. microphyllum foliage. Feeding trials revealed higher mortality in N. conspurcatalis larvae raised on galled (60%) versus ungalled (36%) L. microphyllum material. In gall feeding trials, N. conspurcatalis larvae consumed or damaged 13.52% of galls, and the rate of direct gall feeding increased over time as leaf resources were depleted. Our results suggest that, where N. conspurcatalis and F. perrepae co-occur, competitive interactions could be more frequent than previously anticipated; however, we do not expect these antagonistic interactions to affect the establishment of either agent.
16
Lundgren, Jonathan G., and Walter E. Riedell. "Soybean Nitrogen Relations and Root Characteristics after Cerotoma trifurcata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Feeding Injury." Journal of Entomological Science 43, no. 1 (2008): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-43.1.107.
Full textAbstract:
Bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Förster), is a pest of economic importance to soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production in the U.S. This greenhouse study was conducted to characterize larval feeding damage effects on nitrogen (N) assimilation and root system characteristics in soybean. Pots containing individual plants (n = 15) were exposed to 1 of 3 treatment levels that varied in infestation intensity: high intensity (19 larvae per pot), low intensity (5 larvae), and an uninfested control group. After 3 wk, the plants were dissected, and the fresh and dry weights of the roots and shoots were recorded. Also, the number of nodules, number of damaged nodules, and the volume of nodules were compared among the treatments. Leaf and pod chlorophyll, nitrate-N, ureide-N, amino-N, and total N concentrations were measured and compared among the treatments. Nodules were the only organs on the root system that were visibly damaged by larval feeding. External nodule surfaces were scarred, and frequently the internal matrices of the nodules were completely excavated by the larvae. Significantly more nodules per plant were found in the infested treatments, and damaged nodules were significantly more abundant on plants in the high infestation compared with those in the low infestation treatment. Also, plants from the highly infested treatment had significantly smaller nodules than the uninfested control, suggesting that the infested plants responded to larval damage by producing additional nodules. Leaf and pod ureide-N and total N concentrations were significantly lower in infested plants. Thus, feeding by C. trifurcata larvae affects the characteristics of nodules as well as the concentrations of N assimilates within soybean plants.
17
Sarkar, Kunal. "Studies on the Effect of Differential Feeding on the Commercial Characteristics of Mulberry Silkworm (Bombyx mori L) in Wet Summer in West Bengal, India." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 23 (2023): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2023/v44i233768.
Full textAbstract:
The study evaluated the effect of feeding of different maturity level of mulberry leaves i.e. tender, medium, mix, mature, over mature leaves and feeding of shoot during late stages on the commercial characteristics of crossbreed (N×M12 (W)) during wet summer in West Bengal for sustainable development in Sericulture Industry. The data was compared with control where conventional leaf feeding method was followed. The most of the larval and cocoon characters were recorded significantly higher in shoot feeding fed batch and Medium leaves fed batches. Significantly higher post cocoon parameters viz. average filament length, nonbreakable filament length; renditta and raw silk recovery percentage etc. were recorded in medium leaf fed batches and shoot rearing batch. Though qualitative analysis of leaf suggested that tender leaf is more nutritious than other maturity level of leaves but due to prevailing of high moisture in the rearing room as well as in rearing bed during wet summer, it becomes difficult for silkworm larvae to release water during late stage and particularly during spinning if silkworms are fed with high moisture containing tender leaves. More important thing is that whatever water released by silkworm larvae particularly during the end of Vth instar and initiation of spinning, fifty percent of it goes for silk spinning. Present investigation indicates that it is better to feed silkworm larvae with shoot and medium leaf during late instar in wet summer. Mature and over mature leaves fed batch showed inferior performance in terms of all the characters due to their poor nutritional composition.
18
Kaufman, Michael G., Edward D. Walker, Tracy W. Smith, Richard W. Merritt, and Michael J. Klug. "Effects of Larval Mosquitoes (Aedes triseriatus) and Stemflow on Microbial Community Dynamics in Container Habitats." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 6 (1999): 2661–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.6.2661-2673.1999.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The dynamics of the microbial food sources for Aedes triseriatus larvae in microcosms were found to be strongly influenced by larval presence. The total abundance of bacteria in water samples generally increased in response to larvae, including populations of cultivable, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. Additionally, a portion of the community shifted fromPseudomonaceae to Enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial abundance on leaf material was significantly reduced in the presence of actively feeding larvae. Principle-component analysis of whole community fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles showed that larvae changed the microbial community structure in both the water column and the leaf material. Cyclopropyl FAMEs, typically associated with bacteria, were reduced in microcosms containing larvae; however, other bacterial fatty acids showed no consistent response. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids characteristic of microeukaryotes (protozoans and meiofauna) declined in abundance when larvae were present, indicating that larval feeding reduced the densities of these microorganisms. However, presumed fungal lipid markers either increased or were unchanged in response to larvae. Larval presence also affected microbial nitrogen metabolism through modification of the physiochemical conditions or by grazing on populations of bacteria involved in nitrification-denitrification. Stemflow primarily influenced inorganic ion and organic compound concentrations in the microcosms and had less-pronounced effects on microbial community parameters than did larval presence. Stemflow treatments diluted concentrations of all inorganic ions (chloride, sulfate, and ammonium) and organic compounds (total dissolved organic carbon, soluble carbohydrates, and total protein) measured, with the exceptions of nitrite and nitrate. Stemflow addition did not measurably affect larval biomass in the microcosms but did enhance development rates and early emergence patterns of adults.
19
Li, Aggie O. Y., and David Dudgeon. "The effects of leaf litter characteristics on feeding and fitness of a tropical stream shredder, Anisocentropus maculatus (Trichoptera : Calamoceratidae)." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 10 (2008): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08120.
Full textAbstract:
Plant diversity is high in the tropics, resulting in leaf litter of differing quality in streams that may affect feeding and fitness of shredders. The effects of leaf toughness and nitrogen content on feeding and fitness (pupal weight) of a Hong Kong shredder, Anisocentropus maculatus (Trichoptera : Calamoceratidae), were investigated in laboratory feeding trials that included leaves from five plant species with contrasting characteristics. Leaf toughness adversely affected the feeding rates and fitness of A. maculatus. Feeding rates on tough leaves (Indocalamus sinicus and Pandanus furcatus) were >96% lower compared with soft leaves (Ficus fistulosa and Liquidambar formosana), whereas feeding rates on moderately tough leaves (Melaleuca quinquenervia) were intermediate. Larval mortality was >7 times higher on tough (78–100%) than softer leaves (0–11%), and resulting pupae were >71% lighter. Leaf nitrogen content was not a good determinant of feeding or fitness of A. maculatus, but larvae appeared to eat greater amounts of nitrogen-poor leaves to compensate for lower food quality. Leaf toughness was the primary determinant of feeding and fitness of A. maculatus, and the refractory leaves of many tropical plants could account for the scarcity of shredders in tropical streams.
20
Ali Al-Hayali, Esraa M., and Haitham M. Muhammad Al-Jalal. "Effect of the Nutritional Host on some Biological Manifestations of the Tobacco Leaf Worm Spodoptera litura fab (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1060, no. 1 (2022): 012124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1060/1/012124.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The study was carried out in the Entomology Laboratory to estimate the effect the nutritional host (chard, maize and cabbage) on some biological aspects of the tobacco leaf worm Spodoptera litura at temperature 27±2°C and relative humidity of 50±5%. The results of the study indicated that the role of the egg was affected by the type of food, as the highest average number of egg masses was (10.6) egg mass / female when the larvae fed on yellow corn, and the lowest average number of egg masses was (8.5) egg mass / female when fed on cabbage, while the highest average number of eggs in one mass was 163 eggs/mass when the larva was fed on chart, while the lowest average was 79 eggs/mass when fed on cabbae. The results also showed that the shortest incubation period and the highest hatching rate for eggs were recorded when feeding on the chard, reaching 2.6 days to 97.50%, respectively. The duration of the larval period varied according to the host, and the shortest period of the larval stag when feeding on chard was 21.8 days, and the longest was 33 days when fed on cabbage. The percentage of larvae turning into pupae reached its maximum when fed on chard, it amounted to 99%. The results of the study showed that the longest period of the pupa’s role was when feeding the larvae on cabbae, while the shortest period was when the larvae were fed on the chard, which amounted to 14 and 7.3 days, respectively. While the age of the adult was not significantly affected by the nutritional difference of the host.
21
SARDINHA DE SOUZA, BRUNO HENRIQUE, ARLINDO LEAL BOIÇA-JÚNIOR, JÚLIO CESAR JANINI, ANDERSON GONÇALVES DA SILVA, and NARA ELISA LOBATO-RODRIGUES. "Feeding of Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on soybean genotypes." Revista Colombiana de Entomología 38, no. 2 (2012): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/socolen.v38i2.8995.
Full textAbstract:
This work aimed to find soybean genotypes with low feeding preference by Spodoptera eridania larvae on 23 genotypes evaluated in three experiments, of which iAC 100 was established as the resistant genotype and Br 16 as the susceptible genotype. From the results obtained in these tests, a final experiment was carried out with the 10 most outstanding genotypes: iAC 100, Pi 227682, Pi 227687, DM 339, P 98Y51 rr, BrSGO 8360, iGrA rA 518 rr, iGrA rA 516 rr, iGrA rA 626 rr and Br 16. in all experiments, free choice and no choice tests were performed. In the former, leaf discs corresponding to the genotypes were placed in Petri dishes and then one third-instar larva per genotype was released. in the latter we used one leaf disc of each genotype per plate where one third-instar larva was released. the attractiveness of the third-instar larvae was evaluated at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 360, 720 and 1080 minutes after their release, as well as the leaf area consumed. in both tests the genotype iAC 100 was the least attractive and consumed by the larvae, whereas BrSGO 8360 and P 98Y51 rr were the most consumed in free choice and no choice tests, respectively. Genotype iAC 100 was highly resistant to S. eridania in feeding preference experiments and thus can be cultivated or incorporated into breeding programs in order to obtain soybean plants with resistance characteristics to this pest.
22
Al-Jalal, Haitham Mohieldin Muhammad, and Wafaa Abid Yahya. "The First Recording of Blue Pea Butterfly, Lampides boeticus L. on Ziziphus Spina-christi Trees in Nineveh Governorate." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1259, no. 1 (2023): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1259/1/012088.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The larvae of the blue pea butterfly, Lampedies boeticus L., were observed for the first time feeding on Ziziphus spina-christi leaves in 2020 in the gardens of Mosul University / Nineveh Governorate. The larvae feed on the lower surface layer of the leaves, leaving the feeding places in the form of transparent linear spots. The leaf may be stripped of its green area when the infection intensifies and eventually leads to its fall. The rate and severity of leaf injury varied during the months of the year and reached its peak in November with an average of 61.42% and 20.06 linear/leaf spots, respectively, while the injury rate of leaf and severity were the lowest in May with an average of 2.47%, 0, 61 linear spots/leaf. The results also showed that the southern and eastern directions of the tree were the most preferred for the insect, as the average rates of leaf infestation were 22,84, 22.12%, respectively. The mid-site leaves on the stem were the most affected by the feeding of butterfly larvae, with a severity of 7.08 linear spot/leaf.
23
Careddu, Giulio, Marcovalerio Botti, Massimo Cristofaro, et al. "The Feeding Behaviour of Gall Midge Larvae and Its Implications for Biocontrol of the Giant Reed: Insights from Stable Isotope Analysis." Biology 11, no. 12 (2022): 1805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11121805.
Full textAbstract:
The gall midge Lasioptera donacis, whose larval stage interferes with the reed’s leaf development, is a potential candidate agent for the biological control of Arundo donax. Reed infestation is always associated with the presence of a saprophytic fungus, Arthrinium arundinis, which is believed to provide food for the larvae. Larvae also interact with a parasitic nematode, Tripius gyraloura, which can be considered its natural enemy. To deepen our knowledge of the plant–fungus–insect trophic interactions and to understand the effects of the nematode on midge larval feeding behaviour, we applied stable isotope analysis, one of the most effective methods for investigating animal feeding preferences in various contexts. The results showed that on average the fungus accounted for 65% of the diet of the midge larvae, which however consumed the reed and the fungus in variable proportions depending on reed quality (expressed as the C:N ratio). No differences in feeding behaviour were observed between parasitised and non-parasitised midge larvae, indicating that nematodes have no effect in this regard. Due to its trophic habits, L. donacis could be an effective control agent of A. donax and these results need to be considered when implementing biological control measures.
24
Dewi, Ratna Sari, and Dadang Dadang. "Aktivitas biologi enam jenis ekstrak tumbuhan famili Asteraceae terhadap larva Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.2.1.51.
Full textAbstract:
Biological Activity of Six Plan Extract from Asteraceae on Spodoptera litura Fabricius (lipedoptera : Noctuidae) Larvae. Asteraceae is one of plant family that is known to have insecticidal activity to several insect pests, such as Parthenium argentatum, Crysanthemum cineariaefolium, and Agerantum houstoneanum. The aim of this study is to explore other asteraceae species in other to search for insecticidal activity to Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Six species, Blumea balsamifera (leaf), Elephantopus scaber (leaf), Gynura procumbens (leaf) Artemisia vulgaris (leaf) Soncbus arvensis (leaf) and Helianthus annus (seed) were use in this study. Plant extract were obtained by meseration method using menthanol. The extract were bioassayed to the second instar larvae of S. litura to evaluate the mortality, antifeedant and growth regulation activity. Extract of B. balsamifera and E. scaber have high antifeedant activity at 5 % by reducing larval feeding 87.7% and 81.8% in no choice test, and 94.1% and 86.1% in choice test method, respectively Extract of H. annus, A. vulgaris, and E. scaber prolonged the development of larvae by 4.9, 4.1, 3.9 days, respectively. While extract of H. annus caused mortality of larvae by 86% at 5%.
25
Hua, Yi, Rolf Beutel, Si-Qin Ge, Rui-E. Nie, and Xing-Ke Yang. "The morphology of galerucine and alticine larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its phylogenetic implications." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 72, no. 2 (2014): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/asp.72.e31886.
Full textAbstract:
External characters of alticine and galerucine larvae were examined. Larvae with distinctly different feeding habits were described in detail and their external features were illustrated, mainly using SEM. The morphological descriptions and the used nomenclature may be used as a template for future studies on chrysomelid larvae to facilitate the phylogenetic evaluation of morphological characters of immature stages. Features potentially useful for phylogenetic reconstruction were compiled and arranged in a character state matrix. The usefulness of larval characters was critically evaluated. A larval groundplan of the galerucine-alticine lineage was reconstructed. Supported conventional groups are the Galerucinae s.l. (i.e. incl. alticines), the galerucine Luperini, Hylaspini, and Oidini, and the alticine Blepharida-group, placed as sister group of the Oides species. A large monophyletic unit is formed by Altica, the alticine leaf-miners Podagricomela and Argopistes, the alticine root feeders Phygasia and Longitarsus, and the galerucine genera Monolepta, Exosoma and Diabrotica. The phylogenetic results and the effects of different life and feeding habits are discussed. Surface-feeding is ancestral for the galerucine-alticine clade. Leafmining has distinct effects on the morphology.
26
Hua, Yi, Rolf Beutel, Si-Qin Ge, Rui-E. Nie, and Xing-Ke Yang. "The morphology of galerucine and alticine larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and its phylogenetic implications." Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 72 (July 18, 2014): 75–94. https://doi.org/10.3897/asp.72.e31886.
Full textAbstract:
External characters of alticine and galerucine larvae were examined. Larvae with distinctly different feeding habits were described in detail and their external features were illustrated, mainly using SEM. The morphological descriptions and the used nomenclature may be used as a template for future studies on chrysomelid larvae to facilitate the phylogenetic evaluation of morphological characters of immature stages. Features potentially useful for phylogenetic reconstruction were compiled and arranged in a character state matrix. The usefulness of larval characters was critically evaluated. A larval groundplan of the galerucine-alticine lineage was reconstructed. Supported conventional groups are the Galerucinae s.l. (i.e. incl. alticines), the galerucine Luperini, Hylaspini, and Oidini, and the alticine Blepharida-group, placed as sister group of the Oides species. A large monophyletic unit is formed by Altica, the alticine leaf-miners Podagricomela and Argopistes, the alticine root feeders Phygasia and Longitarsus, and the galerucine genera Monolepta, Exosoma and Diabrotica. The phylogenetic results and the effects of different life and feeding habits are discussed. Surface-feeding is ancestral for the galerucine-alticine clade. Leafmining has distinct effects on the morphology.
27
EZZINE, OLFA, EZZEDDINE SAADAOUI, SAMIR DHAHRI, SONIA HAMMAMI, and MOHAMED LAHBIB BEN JAMÂA. "SHELTER BUILDING BY LARVAE OF PHYCITA DIAPHANASTAUDINGER, 1870 (LEPIDOPTERA PYRALIDAE) USING RICINUS COMMUNISL. IN ARID ZONE." Redia 103 (September 11, 2020): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19263/redia-103.20.03.
Full textAbstract:
In July 2017, in south-eastern Tunisia, larvae of Phycita diaphanawere observed on seedlings of castor bean. Infested pointed lobes of the leaves are characterized by the presence of shelters or nests ranging from oneto six shelters per leaf. The shelter area ranged from 1.01 to 28.27 cm2. In each shelter, we found from one to nine larvae. We conclude thatPh. diaphana spends the whole larval stage protected without changing its feeding habits.The leaf roll may reduce leaf toughness and lower levels of plant defensive chemicals, and hence provides a more easily and more safely eaten food. Larvae of Ph. diaphana use the pointed lobe to build its shelter. As Castor bean is used in several fields of economy, mainly the production of biodiesel fuel, the monitoring of this pest will be important and interesting. Thereby, studying the life cycle of pests constitute a significant element of phytosanitary control.
28
Miller, Fredric, and George Ware. "Suitability and Feeding Preference of Selected North American, European, and Asian Elm (Ulmus spp.) Biotypes to Elm Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 20, no. 3 (2002): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-20.3.148.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Recently introduced North American elm cultivars, simple and complex elm hybrids of European and Asian parentage, and simple Asian hybrids of U. pumila and U. japonica parentage growing at The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL, were evaluated in laboratory bioassays for ovipositional response, and feeding preference and suitability for larvae and adults of the elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola (Muller). Larval and adult no-choice and adult multiple-choice feeding studies revealed that the North American cultivars of U. americana ‘Jefferson’ and U. americana ‘Valley Forge’, U. americana (diploid form), and U. americana were the least preferred for feeding and reproduction by the elm leaf beetle. Among simple and complex European hybrids, ‘Homestead’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Prospector’ were least preferred and least suitable for larval development, feeding, and reproduction by adult elm leaf beetles. Hybrids of ‘Frontier’, ‘Pioneer’, and ‘Regal’; the simple Asian hybrids of ‘Cathedral’ and ‘New Horizon’; and U. pumila were more highly preferred for feeding and suitable for reproduction. The least preferred and least suitable North American biotypes of U. x americana ‘Jefferson’, U. americana ‘Valley Forge’, and U. americana (diploid form), simple and complex European hybrids of ‘Homestead’, ‘Patriot’, and ‘Prospector’, show promise for use in areas where the elm leaf beetle is persistent and for future elm breeding programs.
29
Mochioka, Yukari, Motoaki Kinoshita, and Makoto Tokuda. "Oviposition by a lycaenid butterfly onto old host parts is adaptive to avoid interference by conspecific larvae." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (2021): e0252239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252239.
Full textAbstract:
Oviposition site selection by herbivores can depend not only on the quality of host resources, but also on the risk of predation, parasitism and interference. Females of the lycaenid butterfly Arhopala bazalus (Lepidoptera) lay eggs primarily on old host foliage away from fresh growth, where larval offspring live and feed. Resource availability of young host leaves seems not to affect the oviposition site preference by the females. To clarify the adaptive significance of A. bazalus oviposition behavior on old foliage, we tested three hypotheses: eggs on fresh foliage are (1) easily dropped during rapid leaf expansion (bottom-up hypothesis), (2) more likely to be attacked by egg parasitoids (top-down hypothesis), and (3) frequently displaced or injured by other herbivores (interference hypothesis). In field surveys, rates of egg dropping and parasitism by egg parasitoids were not significantly different between fresh and old host parts. However, the portions of fresh leaves on which A. bazalus eggs had been laid were cut from shoots on which conspecific larvae fed. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that eggs on young leaves were displaced in the presence of conspecific larvae and we observed that fifth instar larvae actively displaced conspecific eggs by feeding on the surrounding leaf tissue. These findings indicate that eggs laid on fresh leaves are at risk of being displaced by conspecific larvae, and support the interference hypothesis. Larval behavior is a likely evolutionary force for A. bazalus to lay eggs apart from larval feeding sites on the host plant.
30
Thurston, Graham. "Biological Control of Elm Leaf Beetle." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 24, no. 3 (1998): 154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1998.020.
Full textAbstract:
The bacterial insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (Novodor-FC®) (Btt) protected elm foliage from feeding damage by elm leaf beetle larvae, Xanthogaleruca luteola, when applied to urban elms by mistblower or rotomist. Whereas untreated control trees lost up to 40% of their total foliage due to elm leaf beetle feeding in a 3-week sample period, Sff-treated trees suffered only 10% defoliation. The entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae, when incorporated into tree bands containing cellulose mulch, proved effective at killing high proportions of migrating larvae. The use of the bacterium and nematode together in an integrated program may effectively reduce elm leaf beetle populations, thus eliminating the need for chemical insecticides.
31
Liu, Hui, Xuzhe Wang, Yong Ma, Wanshun Gao, and Chunhui Ma. "Alfalfa leaf weevil larvae and adults feeding induces physiological change in defensive enzymes of alfalfa." PLOS ONE 19, no. 11 (2024): e0312612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0312612.
Full textAbstract:
When insects harm plants, they activate relevant enzyme systems for defense, and changes in enzyme activity, to a certain extent, reflect the host plant’s ability to resist insect damage. Alfalfa leaf weevils (Hypera postica Gyllenhal) are the main economic insect pest of alfalfa, which seriously affect its yield and quality. To clarify the effects of feeding induction by alfalfa leaf weevil larvae and adults on defense enzymes in alfalfa, ‘Zhongmu No. 1’ variety was used as the experimental material. Comprehensive correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the corresponding patterns of 12 physiological indicators of alfalfa induced by insect feeding of different densities. Results showed that after feeding induction by adult and larval alfalfa leaf weevils, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), lipoxygenase (LOX), chymotrypsin inhibitors (CI), trypsin inhibitor (TI), and jasmonic acid (JA) in the alfalfa leaves increased with increasing feeding time. However, activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenolic oxidase (PPO) in alfalfa leaves first increased and then decreased, showing a downward trend.
32
Kojongian, Indra Y., Laurentius J. M. Rumokoy, and Betsy A. N. Pinaria. "RESPONS HAMA Spodoptera litura F. TERHADAP PESTISIDA BOTANIS Cymbopogon nardus L Rendl., Pangium edule Reinw., dan Syzigium aromaticum L. PADA TANAMAN Brassica olearacea L." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 18, no. 1 (2022): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.18.1.2022.39091.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to studying the effect of extracts of citronella, pangi leaves, and clove leaves on the mortality of S. litura larvae, the number of S. litura pupae formed and the inhibition of feeding activity of S. litura larvae on cabbage plants. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Protection and Quality Testing of Food Crops and Horticulture of North Sulawesi Province and the Laboratory of the Agriculture and Fisheries Service of Tomohon City from November 2020 to July 2021. The research method used a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that citronella extract, pangi leaf extract and clove leaf extract could control the mortality of S. litura larvae, the number of pupae of S. litura larvae formed and inhibit the feeding activity of S. litura larvae.
33
Kojongian, Indra Y., Laurentius J. M. Rumokoy, and Betsy A. N. Pinaria. "RESPONS HAMA Spodoptera litura F. TERHADAP PESTISIDA BOTANIS Cymbopogon nardus L Rendl., Pangium edule Reinw., dan Syzigium aromaticum L. PADA TANAMAN Brassica olearacea L." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 18, no. 1 (2022): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.v18i1.55208.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to studying the effect of extracts of citronella, pangi leaves, and clove leaves on the mortality of S. litura larvae, the number of S. litura pupae formed and the inhibition of feeding activity of S. litura larvae on cabbage plants. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Protection and Quality Testing of Food Crops and Horticulture of North Sulawesi Province and the Laboratory of the Agriculture and Fisheries Service of Tomohon City from November 2020 to July 2021. The research method used a completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that citronella extract, pangi leaf extract and clove leaf extract could control the mortality of S. litura larvae, the number of pupae of S. litura larvae formed and inhibit the feeding activity of S. litura larvae.
34
Rahman-Soad, Asifur, Alberto Dávila-Lara, Christian Paetz, and Axel Mithöfer. "Plumbagin, a Potent Naphthoquinone from Nepenthes Plants with Growth Inhibiting and Larvicidal Activities." Molecules 26, no. 4 (2021): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040825.
Full textAbstract:
Some plant species are less susceptible to herbivore infestation than others. The reason for this is often unknown in detail but is very likely due to an efficient composition of secondary plant metabolites. Strikingly, carnivorous plants of the genus Nepenthes show extremely less herbivory both in the field and in green house. In order to identify the basis for the efficient defense against herbivorous insects in Nepenthes, we performed bioassays using larvae of the generalist lepidopteran herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis. Larvae fed with different tissues from Nepenthes x ventrata grew significantly less when feeding on a diet containing leaf tissue compared with pitcher-trap tissue. As dominating metabolite in Nepenthes tissues, we identified a naphthoquinone, plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). When plumbagin was added at different concentrations to the diet of S. littoralis larvae, an EC50 value for larval growth inhibition was determined with 226.5 µg g−1 diet. To further determine the concentration causing higher larval mortality, sweet potato leaf discs were covered with increasing plumbagin concentrations in no-choice-assays; a higher mortality of the larvae was found beyond 60 µg plumbagin per leaf, corresponding to 750 µg g−1. Plant-derived insecticides have long been proposed as alternatives for pest management; plumbagin and derivatives might be such promising environmentally friendly candidates.
35
Lina, E. C., A. Reihan, and M. S. Hidayatullah. "Bioactivity a mixture of spiked pepper fruit extract and fish-poison bean leaf extract against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1160, no. 1 (2023): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1160/1/012047.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The active compounds on spiked pepper (Piper aduncum) fruit extract and fish-poison bean (Tephrosia vogelii) leaf extract have a potency used as botanical insecticides as alternative pest control. This study was conducted to determine the activity of mixed extracts of Spiked pepper fruit and Fish-poison bean leaf extract against the new invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. This study was held from February 2021 to November 2021 at the Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang. The experiment consists of a preliminary test and an advanced test. The advanced test was conducted using six concentrations and five replications of a mixture extract of Spiked pepper and Fish-poison bean. The parameters observed were larvae mortality, feeding inhibition activity (antifeedant), and larval development time. The result showed that the combination indexes of the mixed extract of Spiked pepper fruit and Fish-poison bean leaves (1:1) were additive with the value of LC50 and LC95 is 0,29% and 0,59%, respectively. Mixed extract of Spiked pepper fruit and Fish-poison bean leaves (1:1) caused larvae mortality, inhibited feeding activity, and inhibited S. frugiperda larvae growth. The formulation is needed to increase the mixed extract of Spiked pepper fruit and Fish-poison bean leaves (1:1) activity against S. frugiperda.
36
Savoi, Stefania, Markus W. Eitle, Harald Berger, et al. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Two Root-Feeding Grape Phylloxera (D. vitifoliae) Lineages Feeding on a Rootstock and V. vinifera." Insects 11, no. 10 (2020): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11100691.
Full textAbstract:
Grape phylloxera is one of the most dangerous insect pests for worldwide viticulture. The leaf- and root-galling phylloxerid has been managed by grafting European grapevines onto American rootstock hybrids. Recent reports pinpoint the appearance of host-adapted biotypes, but information about the biomolecular characteristics underlying grape phylloxera biotypisation and its role in host performance is scarce. Using RNA-sequencing, we sequenced the transcriptome of two larval stages: L1 (probing) and L2-3 (feeding) larvae of two root-feeding grape phylloxera lineages feeding on the rootstock Teleki 5C (biotype C) and V. vinifera Riesling (biotype A). In total, 7501 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly modulated by the two biotypes. For the probing larvae, we found an increased number of DEGs functionally associated with insect chemoreception traits, such as odorant-binding proteins, chemosensory proteins, ionotropic, odorant, and gustatory receptors. The transcriptomic profile of feeding larvae was enriched with DEGs associated with the primary metabolism. Larvae feeding on the tolerant rootstock Teleki 5C exhibited higher numbers of plant defense suppression-associated DEGs than larvae feeding on the susceptible host. Based on the identified DEGs, we discuss their potential role for the compatible grape phylloxera–Vitis interaction belowground. This study was the first to compare the transcriptomes of two grape phylloxera lineages feeding on a tolerant and susceptible host, respectively, and to identify DEGs involved in the molecular interaction with these hosts. Our data provide a source for future studies on host adaptation mechanisms of grape phylloxera and help to elucidate grape phylloxera resistance further.
37
Cameron, Jennifer H., Murray B. Isman, and Mahesh K. Upadhyaya. "Trichoplusia ni growth and preference on broccoli and eight common agricultural weeds." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 2 (2007): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-032.
Full textAbstract:
Larval growth and feeding, and adult ovipositional preference of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner, were investigated on broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) and eight common agricultural weeds: cow cockle (Saponaria vaccaria L.), common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.), lamb’s-quarters (Chenopodium album L.), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), sheep sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursapastoris L.), stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.), and wild mustard (Sinapsis arvensis L.). Leaves from greenhouse grown plants were removed and fed to 1st instar larvae in a 7-d growth trial. Broccoli-fed larvae grew larger than those fed on cow cockle, redroot pigweed, sheep sorrel, stinkweed, and wild mustard. Only one insect of 64 survived for 7 d on stinkweed. In a leaf disc choice bioassay, 4th instar larvae showed a significant feeding preference for common groundsel over broccoli. Broccoli was preferred for oviposition over three of the weeds (common groundsel, lamb’s-quarters, and shepherd’s purse). Stinkweed showed promise as a dead-end trap species for this insect in broccoli, since more insects oviposited on stinkweed compared with broccoli yet larval survival on stinkweed was almost nil. Key words: Trichoplusia ni, broccoli, Thlaspi arvense, oviposition, feeding deterrence
38
Mu, Ni, Jia-Cai Tang, Jing Zhao, et al. "Caterpillar Responses to Gustatory Stimuli in Potato Tuber Moths: Electrophysiological and Behavioral Insights." Life 13, no. 11 (2023): 2174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13112174.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates how fourth-instar larvae of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella, respond to plant secondary metabolites (sucrose, glucose, nicotine, and tannic acid) both in terms of gustatory electrophysiology and feeding behavior. The objective is to establish a theoretical foundation for employing plant-derived compounds in potato tuber moth control. We employed single-sensillum recording techniques and dual-choice leaf disk assays to assess the gustatory electrophysiological responses and feeding preferences of these larvae towards the mentioned compounds. Sensory neurons responsive to sucrose, glucose, nicotine, and tannic acid were identified in the larvae’s medial and lateral sensilla styloconica. Neuronal activity was influenced by stimulus type and concentration. Notably, the two types of sensilla styloconica displayed distinct response patterns for sucrose and glucose while they had similar firing patterns towards nicotine and tannic acid. Sucrose and glucose significantly promoted larval feeding, while nicotine and tannic acid had significant inhibitory effects. These findings demonstrate that the medial and lateral sensilla styloconica house sensory neurons sensitive to both feeding stimulants and inhibitors, albeit with differing response profiles and sensitivities. This study suggests that sucrose and glucose are promising candidates for feeding stimulants, while nicotine and tannic acid show potential as effective feeding inhibitors of P. operculella larvae.
39
Delgado, Alexandra, Angel L. Gonzalez*, and Maria Del C. Libran. "Feeding and Oviposition Behavior of Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) on Peach Prunus persica L. in Puerto Rico." HortScience 39, no. 4 (2004): 747D—747. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.747d.
Full textAbstract:
Peach cultivars are being evaluated for their adaptation to the conditions of the central region of Puerto Rico. The root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.), a common insect pest in the area, is being previously reported on peach trees. With the purpose of evaluating the potential feeding damage that this insect might represent for future peach production, choice and no-choice tests were made with leaf discs (feeding) and leaf strips (oviposition) to determine adult feeding and oviposition behavior in comparison with `Navel' orange. Larval feeding behavior on the roots was studied on a peach rootstock and `Cleopatra' mandarin planted in 18.9-L containers. In the no-choice test, adults fed significantly more on `Navel' orange foliage than on peach foliage. In the choice test, adults preferred to feed on `Navel' orange leaf discs. Oviposition occurred on both peach cultivars tested, but more egg masses were laid on Navel orange leaf strips in the no-choice test. However, given the choice, adults preferred to oviposit on peach leaf strips while fed on `Navel' orange leaf strips. In some replications this behavior was reversed. At 90 days after infestation, larval feeding damage on the roots was severe on `Cleopatra' mandarin where most of the cortex tissue on the primary root was removed and growth of roots and foliage was reduced. Larvae bore also on peach trees, but there was no sign of growth reduction on foliage or the roots compared to the control. These preliminary results indicate that D. abbreviatus will not be a primary pest on peach.
40
CHOWDHURY, H., C. S. KAR, S. K. SARKAR, and M. K. TRIPATHI. "Feeding inhibitory effect of some plant extracts on jute hairy caterpillar (Spilosoma obliqua)." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 82, no. 1 (2012): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v82i1.13877.
Full textAbstract:
Azadirachtin (50% pure), along with turmeric oil isolated from rhizome powder of Curcuma longa and leaf extracts of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulas) and sisal (Agave sisalana) were tested for feeding inhibition effect on third instar larvae of jute hairy caterpillar, S. obliqua. About 44.84% to 69.78% feeding inhibition was exhibited by azadirachtin at 0.1% to 0.5% conc. At 0.5% and 0.4% conc., 67.25% and 52.29% feeding inhibition was exhibited by turmeric oil. Eucalyptus, tulsi, and sisal extracts were less active than azadirachtin and tumeric oil. At 0.5% conc., azadirachtin and turmeric oil exhibited around 40% larval mortality, whereas 30% to 48.14% larval mortality was recorded at 0.2% to 0.5% conc. of tulsi extract.
41
Doshi, Pratik, Ferenc Tóth, and György Turóczi. "Effect of two neem-derived pesticides on Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under laboratory conditions." Columella : Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 7, no. 2 (2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18380/szie.colum.2020.7.2.5.
Full textAbstract:
Mortality and antifeedant activity of two different neem-derived pesticides were investigated on larvae of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). In no-choice tests, mortality of larvae increased with increase in time period, meanwhile the feeding damage decreased with the increase of neem leaf extract concentration in contrast to NeemAzal T/S (1% azadirachtin) in which neither there was any significant difference in mortality nor on feeding damage. In the choice test, none of the treatments were lethal to the larvae tested. The larvae fed on the leaves irrespective of the treatment.
42
Dagar, Vinay Singh, and Sarita Kumar. "Emamectin benzoate: Potential larvicide and antifeedant agent against cotton Boll worm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 2 (2018): 564–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1738.
Full textAbstract:
Helicoverpa armigera, a global polyphagous pest, attacks a wide variety of crops causing huge agricultural loss. Overuse of conventional insecticides for Helicoverpa control has made Helicoverpa resistant to insecticides leading to more severe attacks on crops diverting interest of researchers to explore alternate control agents. Present study investigates the cidal and antifeedant potential of Emamectin benzoate; a semi-synthetic avermectin derived from the soil actinomycetes, Streptomyces avermitilis; against early IV instars of H. armigera. Larvae were fed on the castor leaf discs (3.5 cm diameter) dipped in different concentrations of Emamectin benzoate; ranging from 0.05 µg/mL-1.5 µg/mL. The leaf disc areas were measured pre-and post-larval feeding to estimate the antifeedant potential of compound. The effect of feeding was also assessed on the survival of larvae by scoring the larval mortality till 96 h. Our investigations showed significant larvicidal potential of Emamectin benzoate against H. armigera revealing respective LC50 values of 0.26 µg/mL, 0.095 µg/mL, 0.043 µg/mL and 0.027 µg/mL after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h feeding. Furthermore, a remarkable decrease of 93.59% was observed in larval feeding potential indicating significant antifeedant efficacy of Emamectin benzoate. A strong correlation between antifeedant index and the Emamectin benzoate concentration resulted in 1.48-fold index reduction with a decrease in concentration. Our results demonstrated efficacy of Emamectin benzoate as an effectual larvicidal and antifeedant agent against H. armigera. Employing selective insecticide can tackle issues of pest resistance and pest resurgence after ascertaining in the fields as Helicoverpa control agent and negating impact on non-target organisms.
43
Bay, Maria Marselina, Yardi Mantolas, and Gonsianus Pakaenoni. "Efektivitas Larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) dalam Mereduksi Pakan Limbah Organik Sawi Putih dan Daun Singkong." Journal Science of Biodiversity 3, no. 2 (2022): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32938/jsb/vol3i2pp68-72.
Full textAbstract:
Black Soldier Fly (BSF) is an insect that reduces organic waste by utilizing its larvae which will extract energy and nutrients from vegetable waste such as mustard and cassava leaves waste, fruits, food scraps, animal carcasses, and feces as food ingredients. This study aimed to see the effectiveness of BSF larvae in reducing feed organic waste of chicory and cassava leaves. The method used in this research is a laboratory and experimental scale experiment. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of BSF larvae in reducing organic waste feed on cassava leaf waste samples was 57% for 1x3 feeding frequency, but decreased in 1x1 feeding frequency, which was 40%. While the percentage value of sample reduction by BSF larvae in chicory samples was 53% for 1x3 feeding frequency, but experienced a decrease in 1x1 feeding frequency, which was 38%. The effectiveness level of BSF larvae in reducing waste samples can be said to be effective at 1x3 feeding frequency.
44
Ramos, Renato Rogner, André Victor Lucci Freitas, and Ronaldo Bastos Francini. "Defensive Strategies of a Noctuid Caterpillar in a Myrmecophytic Plant: are Dyops Larvae Immune to Azteca Ants?" Sociobiology 65, no. 3 (2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i3.2843.
Full textAbstract:
Immature stages of insects are generally susceptive to their natural enemies, but many species developed defensive and evasive mechanisms to circumvent predation. Gregarious larvae of the noctuid moth Dyops cf. cuprescens feed on leaves of young Cecropia pachystachya shrubs colonized by Azteca ants. Ants avoid contact with larval clusters, retreating to the nest when larvae are moving near the stems. Provoked encounters revealed that Dyops caterpillars present several specialized behaviors to avoid and overcome ant attacks, such as fleeing to under leaf, jumping off the leaf, curling and wriggling vigorously the anterior portion of the body, spitting droplets of oral fluids, or killing ants by pouncing them. These mechanisms allow the caterpillars to overcome ant attacks and consume leaves of ant-colonized plants. By feeding on a heavily protected plant, larvae can enjoy not only a competitor-free plant, but possibly also the enemy-free space created by the aggressive ants.
45
Sanané, Inoussa, Judith Legrand, Christine Dillmann, and Frédéric Marion-Poll. "High-Throughput Feeding Bioassay for Lepidoptera Larvae." Journal of Chemical Ecology 47, no. 7 (2021): 642–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-021-01290-x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFinding plant cultivars that are resistant or tolerant against lepidopteran pests, takes time, effort and is costly. We present here a high throughput leaf-disk consumption assay system, to screen plants for resistance or chemicals for their deterrence. A webcam capturing images at regular intervals can follow the feeding activities of 150 larvae placed into individual cages. We developed a computer program running under an open source image analysis program to analyze and measure the surface of each leaf disk over time. We further developed new statistical procedures to analyze the time course of the feeding activities of the larvae and to compare them between treatments. As a test case, we compared how European corn borer larvae respond to a commercial antifeedant containing azadirachtin, and to quinine, which is a bitter alkaloid for many organisms. As expected, increasing doses of azadirachtin reduced and delayed feeding. However, quinine was poorly effective at the range of concentrations tested (10–5 M to 10–2 M). The model cage, the camera holder, the plugins, and the R scripts are freely available, and can be modified according to the users’ needs.
46
Frelichowski, James E., and John A. Juvik. "Evaluation of Sesquiterpene Carboxylic Acids as a Mechanism for Resistance to the Tomato Pests Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera exigua (Hubner)." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 677e—678. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.677e.
Full textAbstract:
Sesquiterpene carboxylic acids (SCA) are synthesized by leaf trichomes of a wild tomato species Lycopersicon hirsutum accession LA 1777 and confer resistance to the tomato pests Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). Larvae of both species exhibited a reduction in survival and growth rate with altered feeding behavior when exposed to SCA in choice and no-choice insect bioassays. Larvae of both species were reared on artificial insect diets with SCA added at 0, 10 and 60 mg SCA per g of diet. All larvae perished in the 60 mg·g–1 treatment which is comparable to the levels of SCA found on LA 1777. H. zea and S. exigua showed about 35% and 60% reduction in survival to adult and 38% to 22% increase in life cycle duration, respectively, in the 10 mg·g–1 treatment relative to the control. Similar reductions in growth rate and survival were observed when larvae were reared on leaves coated with SCA. Choice bioassays with control (0 mg SCA/g leaf) and 60 mg SCA/g treated leaf tissue demonstrated 2.3-fold increase in larval avoidance and 50% reduction in feeding on treated leaves. Our results suggest that breeding for SCA synthesis in tomato would produce lines with increased resistance to the tomato pests H. zea and S. exigua. Backcross breeding procedures using LA 1777 have initiated the introgression of the SCA genes into cultivated tomato germplasm. Studies of inheritance of genes coding for SCA synthesis are underway to reveal allelic interactions and facilitate there introgression into the cultivated tomato germplasm.
47
Kirillova*, O. S., V. A. Razdoburdin, and E. V. Voznesenskaya. "The topical specificity of the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum in relation to morphological and anatomical features of cucumber cotyledon leaves." PLANT PROTECTION NEWS 105, no. 4 (2022): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2022-105-4-15431.
Full textAbstract:
The Trialeurodes vaporariorum first instars (crawlers) are mobile and able to choose the optimal spots on the leaf for 
 constant feeding favorable for the pest development. Spatial distribution of larvae and adults on the cucumber Ginga F1 
 cotyledon leaves, as well as the morpho-anatomical structure of cotyledons on cross sections have been studied in the 
 laboratory. Some differences in topology of feeding sites between adults and larvae were revealed. Females occupying the 
 underside of the leaf preferred to feed and lay eggs mainly in the basal part of the cotyledons. Unlike adults, the highest 
 number of crawlers chose the marginal zone of cotyledon leaves for feeding. Larvae concentrated along the cotyledon 
 perimeter forming a band of 1–1.5 mm wide. We demonstrated that the choice of feeding spots by crawlers was most 
 likely associated with specific features of the morpho-anatomical structure of a cotyledon leaf. We showed that conductive 
 bundles with phloem in their lower part were located on the border between the palisade and spongy parenchyma. The 
 height of the spongy parenchyma decreased from the central part of the leaf to the edges by 2–3 times. The whitefly is an 
 insect that feeds on the content of phloem sieve elements, and so we assume that the shorter length of the piercing stylet 
 of the crawlers allow feeding only in the marginal zone of the cotyledon leaves of cucumber of this variety, in contrast to 
 the adults.
48
Stoner, Kimberly A. "Behavior of Neonate Imported Cabbageworm Larvae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) Under Laboratory Conditions on Collard Leaves with Glossy or Normal Waxi." Journal of Entomological Science 32, no. 3 (1997): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-32.3.290.
Full textAbstract:
Movement and feeding of newly-hatched imported cabbageworms, Pieris rapae (L.), on the upper and lower leaf surfaces of collard plants with glossy and normal waxes were monitored using a videocamera. During the 50-min observation period, more of the larvae fed when placed on the lower surface of leaves with normal wax (50 to 68%) than on the upper surface (23 to 32%), or on either upper (27%) or lower (16%) surfaces of leaves with glossy wax. A larger portion of the larvae moved at least 1 mm on glossy leaves than on normal leaves, and they moved farther during the observation period on glossy than on normal leaves, and on the upper leaf surface compared to the lower leaf surface. The failure of a large proportion of the larvae to begin feeding on either surface of leaves with glossy wax is likely to be an important factor in the resistance to imported cabbageworms observed in the field.
49
Lambert, Adam M., Lisa A. Tewksbury, and Richard A. Casagrande. "Performance of a Native Butterfly and Introduced Moth on Native and Introduced Lineages of Phragmites australis." Insects 12, no. 12 (2021): 1102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12121102.
Full textAbstract:
This study examined the performance of Poanes viator (Edwards) (Hesperiidae), a native North American skipper, and Rhizedra lutosa (Hübner) (Noctuidae), an introduced moth, reared on native and non-native, invasive lineages of Phragmites australis. Poanes viator is a generalist on monocots and larvae were also fed leaves of Zizania aquatica, a native macrophyte that the skipper commonly uses as a host plant. Larval survival and duration, pupal weight, and pupation time were compared for P. viator feeding on leaf tissue and R. lutosa feeding on rhizomes of either native or introduced plants. We also tested an artificial diet supplemented with P. australis rhizome powder as a potential food for rearing other stalk and rhizome boring Lepidoptera. In experiments using excised plant tissues, some individuals of both species fed and developed to the pupal stage on native and introduced plants, but overall, larval survival rates were low. Plant species/haplotype identity did not cause strong differences in larval survival for either species. However, P. viator larvae only pupated when feeding on native plants (Zizania aquatica and native P. australis haplotypes), whereas R. lutosa successfully pupated on both native and introduced P. australis. Although larval survival was low, 100% of P. viator and 95% of R. lutosa that reached the pupal stage emerged as adults. Rhizedra lutosa larvae fed an artificial diet supplemented with P. australis rhizome powder had significantly greater survival and pupal weights, and shorter pupation times than larvae fed rhizomes only. Several specialist Lepidopteran species are being considered for approval as biological control agents for the non-native P. australis haplotype, and the convenience and increased larval performance make this artificial diet a good alternative for rearing organisms.
50
Riipi, Marianna, Antti Kause, Erkki Haukioja, Vladimir Ossipov, Svetlana Ossipova, and Kalevi Pihlaja. "Variable responses of folivorous sawflies to leaf quality of mountain birch." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, no. 1 (2005): 189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-166.
Full textAbstract:
We studied whether the larval performance of four sawfly species feeding on mountain birch (Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti) leaves at different times of the growing season was related to the same chemical and physical leaf traits. In the three phenologically earliest species, larval growth was related to the same set of leaf traits. In contrast, consumption of leaf material was related to different leaf traits in all of the four species. Leaf suitability for herbivore growth and tree resistance to herbivore consumption were thus not always determined by the same leaf traits. Leaf water content and toughness had the strongest associations with larval performance. Phenolics, which are often considered the main resistance compounds in deciduous trees, explained only a small part of the variance in leaf consumption, but some groups of phenolics were negatively related to larval growth. In conclusion, the same mountain birch trees were not resistant to all of the studied sawflies in terms of leaf consumption, but low leaf suitability, which was related to the same set of leaf traits in the case of three sawfly species, may serve birch resistance, e.g., by exposing larvae to natural enemies for a longer period.