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Journal articles on the topic 'Leaf mulches'
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1
LIAKATAS, A. "Maize growth and development thermally Affected by plastic mulches." MAUSAM 42, no. 1 (2022): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v42i1.2806.
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. The mulch effect on maize development and growth is examined and the relevance of temperature to vegetative and reproductive stages is examined. Warming mulches accelerate and cooling mulches slow seedling emergence and leaf appearance and growth. Seedling establishment is more successful, leaf area is greater and yield is generally earlier and higher over warm mulched soil.
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Iles, Jeffery K., and Michael S. Dosmann. "Effect of Organic and Mineral Mulches on Soil Properties and Growth of Red Maple." HortScience 33, no. 3 (1998): 449a—449. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.449a.
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Five mineral mulches (crushed red brick, pea gravel, lava rock, carmel rock, and river rock) and three organic mulches (finely screened pine bark, wood chips, and shredded hardwood bark) were evaluated over 2 years to determine their influence on soil temperature, moisture, and pH, and to quantify their effect on growth of Fairview Flame® red maple (Acer rubrum L.). Mulch treatments (2.3-m2 plots of eight mulches and a non-mulched control) were randomly applied to trees in five blocks. Organic mulches were placed directly on bare ground, while mineral mulches were underlaid with a woven polypropylene fabric. Soil temperature was highest and soil moisture lowest under the mineral mulches and non-mulched control. Soil pH was highest under shredded bark (6.82) and wood chips (6.81), and lowest in the non-mulched control (6.03). Despite such differences in the root-zone environments, there were no significant differences in stem caliper or tree height, but leaf dry mass was greatest for trees treated with mineral mulches.
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Cregg, Bert M., and Robert Schutzki. "Weed Control and Organic Mulches Affect Physiology and Growth of Landscape Shrubs." HortScience 44, no. 5 (2009): 1419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1419.
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Landscape mulches are widely promoted to improve soil moisture retention, suppress weeds, and improve the growth of landscape plants. The objective of this project was to determine the effect of common landscape mulches (pine bark, hardwood fines, cypress mulch, color-enhanced ground pallets) on soil moisture, soil pH, weed control, and physiology and growth of landscape shrubs. Two additional treatments were not mulched: no mulch + no weed control and no mulch + weed control. Growth was measured on eight taxa (Euonymus alatus ‘Compactus’, Spiraea ×bumalda ‘Goldflame’, Weigela florida ‘Java red’, Taxus ×media ‘Runyan’, Thuja occidentalis ‘Golden Globe’, Hydrangea paniculata ‘Tardiva’, Viburnum dentatum ‘Synnestvedt’, Viburnum trilobum ‘Compactum’). Leaf gas exchange [net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance (g s)] were measured on Hydrangea paniculata, V. dentatum, and V. trilobum only. All mulches increased soil moisture compared with no mulch + weed control. There was no difference in soil pH or foliar nitrogen among treatments. All mulches, except cypress mulch, increased plant growth of most shrub taxa compared with no mulch without weed control. Mulches increased g S relative to no mulch without weed control. Photosynthetic rates of plants mulched with cypress mulch were less than the other mulches and not different from no mulch. Overall, the result suggests that, except for cypress mulch, the organic mulches tested are equally effective in improving growth of landscape plants. Reduced photosynthetic efficiency and growth of shrubs with cypress mulch suggest potential allelopathic effects.
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Haque, M. M., S. Begum, M. S. Rahman, A. B. M. S. Alam, M. A. A. Zhuma, and M. M. H. Manik. "Effect of different types of mulches on growth and yield of turmeric." Bangladesh Journal of Nuclear Agriculture 38, no. 2 (2025): 161–67. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjnag.v38i2.79586.
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The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) sub-station Khagrachari during 2020-2021 to compare the effect of different mulches on the growth and yield of Binahalud-1. Experiment was conducted with different organic mulches vizs., bamboo leaf, paddy straw, water hyacinths, and silver color plastic. A treatment without mulching was also kept as a control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that the plants mulched with bamboo leaves recorded maximum average plant height of 150 cm, number of leaves 71.333, number of tillers 11, leaf length and leaf width 80 cm, 16.66 cm, leaf weight 29.33 gm, petiole length 40 cm and petiole weight 17.33 gm as compared to other mulches. In case of the yield of turmeric, the bamboo leaf mulch gave maximum fresh rhizome yield of 33.2 t ha-1 . From this study it is revealed that among the treatments bamboo leaf is the best mulch material for turmeric production. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 38(2): 161-167, 2024
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Brault, D., K. A. Stewart, and S. Jenni. "Optical Properties of Paper and Polyethylene Mulches Used for Weed Control in Lettuce." HortScience 37, no. 1 (2002): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.37.1.87.
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Optical properties of paper and plastic mulches were determined in experiments on mulched head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in organic soil in 1997-98. Mulches used in 1997 were a coextruded white/black polyethylene, a beige paper coated with latex on both sides and a black paper coated with latex on both sides. Three supplementary mulches were added in the 1998 experiment: beige paper coated with a biodegradable polymer either coated on the underside, on the top side or on both sides. Optical properties of the polyethylene mulch remained stable over the course of the experiment. As the paper mulches aged, they changed structurally, spectrally, or both, but remained in place until harvest. The black paper was the only mulch that offered complete weed control, although the weeds under the other mulches did not develop beyond the cotyledonary or two-true-leaf stage.
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Palada, M. C., S. M. A. Crossman, and C. D. Collingwood. "EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND SYNTHETIC MULCHES ON YIELD OF BASIL UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION." HortScience 27, no. 6 (1992): 587c—587. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.587c.
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Small-scale herb growers in the U.S. Virgin Islands traditionally water their crops with sprinkler cans and garden hoses. This method is inefficient and consumes large amounts of water, a scarce resource in the islands. Introduction of drip irrigation has reduced water use in vegetable production. Integrating this system with mulches may further cut water use, making herb production more profitable. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) was grown in plots with organic (compost or straw) and synthetic (black plastic or weed barrier) mulches. A no mulch control plot was also included. All plots were drip irrigated to maintain soil moisture at -30 kPa. Total plant fresh weight and leaf fresh and dry weights were highest in the compost mulch treatment. Fresh and dry basil yields in black plastic mulched plots were almost identical with those in compost mulch, but did not differ from other treatments. Black plastic mulch reduced water use 46% compared with 27% for compost or straw mulch. All mulch treatments resulted in increased water use efficiency. Organic mulches reduced surface soil temperature, while synthetic mulches increased soil temperature 2-5°C.
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Gheshm, Rahmatallah, and Rebecca Nelson Brown. "Compost and Black Polyethylene Mulches Improve Spring Production of Romaine Lettuce in Southern New England." HortTechnology 30, no. 4 (2020): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04594-20.
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Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the most popular leafy vegetable in the United States. Organic and synthetic mulch materials are applied by farmers to reduce their weeding expenditures, manage soil temperatures, and increase the yield and quality of their crops. This study examined the impacts of using black polyethylene, compost, and shredded leaves as surface mulches in spring open field romaine lettuce by using data regarding the soil temperature, lettuce growth, and yield parameters. Mulch treatments were compared to determine effects on soil temperature, lettuce growth rates, leaf area index (LAI), yield, and plant size. Experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2019. Soil temperatures were slightly (but significantly) warmer in 2019, the plants grew more rapidly, and LAI, yield, and plant size were all significantly greater than they were in 2017. Mean soil temperatures were 18.0 and 18.9 °C in black polyethylene mulched plots, 17.7 and 18.5 °C in compost, 17.5 and 17.0 °C in bare ground, and 16.9 and 17.3 °C in shredded leaf plots in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Changes in canopy size presented a similar trend over the growing season for all treatments; shredded leaf and bare ground treatments on all measuring dates had the smallest canopy size, and compost and black polyethylene mulches had the largest canopy sizes. Black polyethylene and compost mulches had the highest LAI and yields in both years. In 2017, the bare ground treatment was similar to black polyethylene and compost mulch treatments for both parameters, and all three treatments were significantly greater than the shredded leaf mulch treatment. In 2019, the bare ground treatment was similar to the shredded leaf mulch treatment and significantly lower than the black polyethylene and compost mulch treatments. In 2017, black polyethylene and compost mulches had LAI of 7.67 and 7.37 and yields of 6.38 and 6.68 kg·m−2, respectively. Bare ground had an LAI of 7.16 and yielded 5.94 kg·m−2. Shredded leaf mulch plots had the lowest LAI (5.94) and yield (4.96 kg·m−2). In 2019, the bare ground treatment had an LAI of 7.5 and yielded 7.6 kg·m−2. Black polyethylene and compost mulches increased LAI by 1.7. Yield increased by 2.8 kg·m−2 with black polyethylene mulch and by 2.4 kg·m−2 with compost mulch. Shredded leaf mulch produced LAI and yield similar to but slightly lower than bare ground. Dry weight, plant height, and head diameter in bare ground and shredded leaf mulch treatments were significantly smaller than in black polyethylene and compost mulch treatments. The cultivar rank order was consistent across treatments in both years; ‘Ridgeline’ grew significantly faster than ‘Coastal Star’, and plants were significantly larger at harvest. Black polyethylene suppresses weeds and increases soil temperatures, thereby enhancing yields of spring-to-summer romaine lettuce under southern New England conditions. Compost mulch has similar effects on yields. Shredded leaf mulch is effective at suppressing weeds but decreases soil temperatures and yields.
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Holloway, Patricia S. "Aspen Wood Chip and Stone Mulches for Landscape Plantings in Interior, Alaska." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 10, no. 1 (1992): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-10.1.23.
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Abstract Five woody landscape plants were grown on five mulch treatments: 2.5 or 5 cm (1 or 2 in) crushed basaltic rock, 5 or 10 cm (2 or 4 in) of aspen wood chips and a non-mulched control, to determine the usefulness of these mulches in subarctic landscape plantings. Weed control was best, but growth and plant nutrition poorest on the wood chip mulches. White spruce, Siberian crabapple, Peking cotoneaster, and rugosa rose had low levels of leaf nitrogen on the wood chip plots, and all species except cotoneaster and lodgepole pine showed significant N deficiency symptoms after 2 years. With the exception of the roses, all species grew best on the stone mulch plots. Roses grew vigorously on the stone mulches and the unmulched soil, but were subject to winter dieback. After 3 years, their total biomass did not exceed the recumbent, spindly and nitrogen deficient roses that were growing on the wood chip mulches. Plant growth, nutrition, and weed control were best achieved on the 5 cm (2 in) stone mulch plots.
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Percival, G. C. "Influence of Pure Mulches on Suppressing Phytophthora Root Rot Pathogens." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 31, no. 4 (2013): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898.31.4.221.
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Mulching as a means of controlling Phytophthora root rot pathogens has become recognised as a potential cultural management system within the arboricultural, nursery and landscape industry. The influence of a pure mulch, i.e., mulch derived solely from one tree species, on reducing Phytophthora root rot severity has received little study. The purpose of the conducted research was to determine if a range of pure mulches derived from European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna JACQ), silver birch (Betula pendula ROTH.), common cherry (Prunus avium L.), evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) and English oak (Q. robur L.) could reduce the development and impact of pathogen severity caused by Phytophthora cactorum and P. criticola on containerised horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum). Irrespective of Phytophthora pathogen, leaf area, leaf, shoot, root and total plant dry weight following application of a pure mulch was higher than non-mulched controls. Likewise, leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm ratios, photosynthetic rates and root carbohydrate concentration as measures of tree vitality were higher in pure mulched compared to non-mulched control trees. Application of a pure mulch had a significant influence on Phytophthora root rot lesion severity. In the case of P. cactorum root rot lesion severity was reduced by 39–63%. In the case of P. criticola root rot lesion severity was reduced by 33–61%. In conclusion, pure mulches offer positive benefits for those involved in the care and maintenance of urban trees as well as nursery, forestry, orchard and horticultural crop production where Phytophthora pathogens are problematic.
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Loy, J. Brent, and Otho S. Wells. "PERFORMANCE AND POTENTIAL OF SOLAR INFRARED TRANSMITTING MULCHES." HortScience 25, no. 6 (1990): 625f—625. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.6.625f.
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Experimental mulches which transmit high levels of solar infrared radiation and low levels of photosynthetically active radiation were compared to clear and black polyethylene mulches. Increases in soil temperature under infrared transmitting (IRT) mulches were intermediate between those under black and clear mulch. The IRT mulch with the highest solar transmittance (50%) produced soil temperatures close to those under clear mulch (T = 87%). Early leaf canopy development in muskmelon was enhanced more by both IRT and clear mulches than with black mulch. Minimal weed growth occurred under IRT mulches, but there was severe weed pressure from purslane under clear mulch with no herbicide.
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Wang, Shiow Y., Gene J. Galletta, Mary J. Camp, and Michael J. Kasperbauer. "Mulch Types Affect Fruit Quality and Composition of Two Strawberry Genotypes." HortScience 33, no. 4 (1998): 636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.636.
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The influence of mulch types (black polyethylene, red polyethylene, and straw-vetch in raised bed hill culture) on the chemical composition of `Northeaster' and `Primetime' strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) fruit and plant parts was evaluated. Ascorbic acid (AA), malic acid, citric acid, and ellagic acid levels were higher in `Primetime' than in `Northeaster' fruits, while `Northeaster' had a higher soluble solids content (SSC). Fruit grown on straw-vetch had lower SSC than did those grown on the polyethylene mulches. The AA content in the fruit of either cultivar was not affected by the mulch treatment. Fruit grown on the straw-vetch mulch had less red surface and flesh color but higher pigment intensity than fruit grown on the polyethylene mulches. Strawberry plants grown on straw-vetch mulch had the largest leaf area and the highest chlorophyll content, while plants grown on red polyethylene mulch had the smallest leaf area and lowest chlorophyll content. There were significant mulch × cultivar interactions in fruit titratable acid (TA) and AA levels, sugars, citric and ellagic acid contents, leaf area and chlorophyll levels, and soluble carbohydrate and starch contents in leaves, petioles, crowns, crown-roots, and roots. TA was highest in `Northeaster' fruit when grown on red polyethylene, whereas TA was highest in `Primetime' fruit when grown on straw-vetch. The highest fruit citric acid levels were found in straw-vetch mulched plots of `Northeaster', and in black polyethylene mulched plots of `Primetime'. Ellagic acid accumulation was highest in `Northeaster' fruit grown on black polyethylene, and in `Primetime' fruit grown on red polyethylene or straw-vetch mulches. Fruit glucose content was highest in `Northeaster', but lowest in `Primetime', when grown on the straw-vetch mulch. There was a general tendency for soluble carbohydrate and starch levels in plant tissues to be lowest when the plants were grown in red polyethylene mulch and highest when grown in black polyethylene mulch. `Primetime' contained higher total carbohydrate levels than did `Northeaster' in all tissues tested.
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Kimiti, Jacinta M., and Andrew M. Gordon. "Mulch Inoculation and Placement Influenced Barley (Hordeum Vulgare) Growth and Soil Nitrate Levels." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 5 (2013): 322–40. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.5.022713504.
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We investigated the effect of point of mulch placement and use of leaf mulches from plants inoculated with rhizobia on growth, nitrogen concentration and content of barley, and soil nitrate and pH changes. Mulches placed on soil surface enhanced barley heights and vegetative biomass in all leaf types used. However, nitrogen concentration was relatively higher in both barley vegetative plants and ears of barley grown in mixed mulches of both inoculated and uninoculated leaves. Mixing mulch types with soil caused a quick nitrate release within the first four weeks, which sharply dropped before week 6. Placing mulches on the soil surface resulted to a gradual nitrate release over the study period. Further, soil pH in all mulch treatments decreased within the first four weeks. Results from this study indicated that point of mulch placement was more effective than rhizobia inoculation of mulch on barley growth, nitrogen concentration and content, soil nitrate and pH changes. The results for nitrate levels revealed that it might be necessary for farmers to understand nitrogen requirements of crop so as to know where to place mulches. Results on pH revealed that care should be taken when mulching crops that are sensitive to small changes in pH.
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Fear, Carlos D., and Gail R. Nonnecke. "Soil Mulches Influence Reproductive and Vegetative Growth of ‘Fern’ and ‘Tristar’ Day-neutral Strawberries." HortScience 24, no. 6 (1989): 912–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.24.6.912.
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Abstract Soil mulches (clear, white, or white-on-black polyethylene or straw) were evaluated for their effects on growth and development of day-neutral ‘Fern’ and ‘Tristar’ strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). Plants mulched with straw or white-on-black polyethylene flowered and yielded more than plants mulched with clear or white polyethylene. Conversely, more crowns per plant, runners per plot, and greater leaf, crown, and root dry weights were associated with plants mulched with clear polyethylene than with those mulched with straw or white-on-black polyethylene. In midsummer, late-afternoon soil temperatures were highest under clear followed by white, white-on-black, and straw mulches. The results suggest that flowering is most profuse and vegetative growth least when day-neutral cultivars are grown on mulches that moderate soil temperatures.
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Soltani, N., A. R. Harmon, and J. L. Anderson. "FIELD GROWTH ANALYSIS OF WATERMELON PLANTS UNDER VARIOUS ROWCOVERS AND MULCHES." HortScience 27, no. 12 (1992): 1262e—1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.12.1262e.
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`Crimson Sweet' watermelon plants grown under various mulches and rowcovers were harvested weekly and analyzed for absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf weight ratio (LWR), leaf area duration (LAD), biomass duration (BMD), and runner growth. Hourly air and soil temperatures were monitored inside the rowcovers. Vispore and Reemay rowcovers generally showed greater mean AGR, LAR, SLA, LAD, and BMD than Agronet black-clear and black mulches. No significant differences in LWR were found between mulched and rowcovered plants. Plants under mulches and rowcovers showed significant increases in AGR, RGR, NAR, LAR, SLA, LAD, and BMD over noncovered (bare ground) plants. Longest runner length was highly correlated with total runner length. Growth analyses depicted decreased growth rate inside the rowcovers during the hottest weeks of the summer, and generally correlated well with the earliness and total yield of the crop.
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Debbarma, Puspa Laxmi, Sudipta Gorai, Anannya Banerjee, and Pinaki Acharyya. "Response of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L. cv Boral.) to Different Organic and Synthetic Mulches." Environment and Ecology 42, no. 4B (2024): 1926–32. https://doi.org/10.60151/envec/wupm9173.
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A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different mulch materials on growth, yield and different qualitative characters of brinjal (var Boral). Different mulches used during the study were black polyethylene mulch, yellow polyethylene mulch, transparent polyethylene mulch, mango leaf, paddy straw, saw dust and sun grass along with bare soil as the control. Different mulches generated higher soil temperature and moisture regimes over the control. The maximum increase in soil temperature at noon was observed under transparent polyethylene mulch by 3.750C. Black polyethylene was found most effective in conserving higher moisture level than control, followed by yellow and transparent mulch. Weed population was significantly suppressed under black polyethylene mulch. Days to 50% flowering followed by days to first harvest were recorded at 54.27 and 86.21 days after transplanting under black polyethylene mulch as compared to rest of the treatments. Plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of leaves/plant, fruit yield and average fruit weight recorded higher values under black polyethylene mulches. Chlorophyll content was markedly increased for the same along with straw mulches. Paddy straw mulch improved the ascorbic acid content in brinjal followed by mango leaf mulch. Increased anthocyanin pigmentation in brinjal fruits were observed in saw dust mulch followed by black polyethylene mulch.
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Franquera, Edmar, and Renato Mabesa. "Effect of Plastic Mulch Color on Leaf Anatomy of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)." Current Agriculture Research Journal 3, no. 2 (2015): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.3.2.03.
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Two lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties (Looseleaf and Romaine) were grown with five colored (silver, red, orange, yellow, green) plastic mulches to determine their effects on the leaf anatomical structure of lettuce. The experiment was laid in a Split Plot Randomized Completely Block Design. The result of the study showed that Romaine lettuce (8.80) had a higher number of stomata compared with Looseleaf (6.73) however; in terms of stomata length the Looseleaf had longer stomata (18.63 µm) compared with Romaine (16.42 µm). More stomata were observed in lettuce grown with red plastic mulch. However, the number of stomata did not differ among the various colored plastic mulches. Longer stomata were observed in lettuce grown with red plastic mulch, compared with lettuce grown with the other colored plastic mulches. The study showed that the color of the plastic mulch had a significant effect on the leaf anatomy of lettuce and red plastic mulch could be used to enhance the length of the stomata which may affect the growth of the lettuce.
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Lies, Jeffery, and Michael Dosmann. "Effect of Organic and Mineral Mulches on Soil Properties and Growth of Fairview Flame® Red Maple Trees." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 25, no. 3 (1999): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1999.022.
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Five mineral mulches (crushed red brick, pea gravel, lava rock, carmel rock, and river rock) and 3 organic mulches (finely screened pine bark, pine wood chips, and shredded hardwood bark) were evaluated over 2 years to determine their influence on soil temperature, moisture, and pH, and to quantify their effect on growth of Fairview Flame® red maple (Acer rubrum L). Soil temperatures were highest and moisture percentages lowest under the mineral mulches and nonmulched control. Soil pH readings were highest under shredded bark and wood chips, and lowest in the nonmulched control. Trees growing in river rock, crushed brick, pea gravel, and carmel rock had larger stem calipers than those growing in shredded bark plots. Crushed brick, pea gravel, and carmel rock treatments also resulted in greater leaf dry mass than did shredded bark. These results, however, should not be interpreted as an indictment of organic mulches. Because stem caliper and leaf dry mass measurements of trees growing in wood chips and any of the mineral mulches were not statistically different, blanket statements and generalizations regarding the performance of woody plants mulched with organic or mineral (rock) materials are unwise.
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Choudhary, VK, and MC Bhambri. "Agro-economic potential of capsicum with drip irrigation and mulching." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 10, no. 2 (2014): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v10i2.18323.
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A field experiment was conducted during 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Precision Farming Development Centre, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, to evaluate the production, potential and economics of capsicum (Capsicum annum L.) as influenced by drip irrigation and mulches. Experiment was laid out in a split-plot design replicated thrice with irrigation levels 1.0 Epan (Pan evaporation) through drip, 0.8 Epan through drip, 0.6 Epan through drip and 1.0 Epan with flood irrigation (FI) in main plot and mulches (i.e. no mulch (Glyphosate @ 6.0 ml l-1 followed by 2 hand weedings), black polythene mulch (BPM: 40 ? thickness), transparent polythene mulch (TPM: 40 ? thickness), paddy straw mulch (PSM: 5 t ha-1) in sub plots. The growth parameters like plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, stem girth, leaf area, leaf area index, dry weight of leaf, stem, fruit and total dry weight were maximum with drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan followed by drip irrigation at 0.8 Epan. Among the mulches the maximum values of the growth parameters were noticed with black polythene mulch followed by paddy straw mulch. The yield attributes like fruit length, fruit volume, fruit girth, per cent fruit set, fruits/plant, green capsicum fruit weight and yields were higher with drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan followed by drip at 0.8 Epan. Among the mulches, all the yield attributes were found higher with black polythene mulch followed by paddy straw mulch; whereas least yield attributes were measured with no mulch. Marginal cost, marginal return, MR: MC, cost of cultivation, net returns and B: C were higher with drip irrigation at 1.0 Epan followed by drip irrigation at 0.8 Epan. Among different mulches all the economic parameters were higher with black polythene mulch followed by paddy straw mulch except MR: MC and B: C ratio. Capsicum with paddy straw mulch produced higher values of MR: MC and B: C ratios. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v10i2.18323SAARC J. Agri., 10(2): 51-60 (2012)
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Wagle, Pramod, Bisheshwar Prasad Yadav, Santosh Rasaily, Sovika Bhattarai, and Biplav Dahal. "Effect of Different Mulching Materials on Leaf Spot Disease of Groundnut." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 11, no. 1 (2023): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v11i1.53708.
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A study was conducted in summer season of 2020 and 2021 to evaluate the effect of different mulching materials on late leaf spot disease of groundnut caused by Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. & Curt.) v. Arx at Oilseed Research Program, Sarlahi, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 7 treatments viz. rice husk, rice straw, black polythene sheet, Lantana camara, living mulch, sawdust and control in three replications with fertilizer dose 20:40:20 NPK kg per hectare. The disease was scored in 1-9 scale and severity and AUDPC was calculated. In 2020, Lantana camara mulched plot showed significantly the lowest disease severity and the lowest AUDPC value (66.67% and 1556) followed by rice husk (70.37% and 1556) and black plastic (70.37% and 1611) mulched plot. Similarly in 2021, Lantana camara mulched plot showed significantly lowest disease severity and the lowest AUDPC value (62.96% and 1500) followed by rice husk (66.67% and 1574) and black plastic (66.67% and 1574) mulched plot. Significantly the highest pod yield was obtained in rice husk mulched plot (2.35 t/ha in 2020 and 2.07 t/ha in 2021) followed by living mulch treated plot (2.13 t/ha in 2020 and 1.84 t/ha in 2021). The highest disease severity (81.4% same as rice straw and saw dust mulched plot) with highest AUDPC value (1981) was observed in plot with no mulch during 2020 where as in 2021, the highest disease severity (77.78 same as plot with no mulch) with highest AUDPC value (1889) was observed in rice straw mulched plot. This study shows that organic mulches like rice husk could be better option for reducing disease severity with better yield in groundnut.
 Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 11(1): 37-41.
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Mbugua, Irene Nyambura. "The Effect of Plastic Mulch Color on Growth and Development of Cucumber and the Response of Cucumber Beetles to Mulch Color." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 689b—689. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.689b.
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Field experiments were performed to verify the influence of polyethylene mulches (red, blue, gray, black, and yellow) on the development and yield of two varieties of cucumber (Cucumis sativus), a hybrid, `Turbo' and an open-pollinated, `Marketmore 76'. The influence of the mulches on the population dynamics of the adult striped cucumber beetle (Acalymma vittatum) was also observed. Rhizosphere temperature, reflected surface temperatures, reflected wavelength, vine length, leaf number, leaf area, total fruit produced, and number of marketable fruit were some of the characteristics measured. A split plot experiment in a randomized blocks design with three replications was used. In relation to plant growth and yield, plants grown on red mulch showed the best growth and yield overall compared to blue, gray, black, and yellow colored mulches, The incidence of the cucumber beetles was highest in the yellow colored mulch. The `Turbo' variety had the highest fruit number in almost all of the colors of mulch compared to the open pollinated `Marketmore'. It is suggested that the differential growth and development of cucumbers was influenced by the rhizosphere temperature as well as the light spectrum reflected from the plastic. The response of the beetles to the mulch was mainly attributed to the different wavelengths reflected from the various mulches.
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Burkhard, Nicole, Derek Lynch, David Percival, and Mehdi Sharifi. "Organic Mulch Impact on Vegetation Dynamics and Productivity of Highbush Blueberry Under Organic Production." HortScience 44, no. 3 (2009): 688–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.3.688.
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A 2-year study in Nova Scotia examined the effectiveness of thickly applied organic mulches as a method of weed control in highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), and assessed weed and mulch impact on crop growth, leaf nutrient concentration, yield, and quality under organic production management. Mulches, applied in-row at 20-cm depth, included pine needles (PN), manure–sawdust compost (MC), and seafood waste compost (SC). Competition from weeds negatively affected crop growth and productivity, reducing canopy volume (16% to 38%), leaf nitrogen concentration and berry yields (up to 92%), number (up to 91%), and specific weight (up to 21%). Among mulches, PN proved to be the most effective in suppressing weed growth with 55% less and 73% less aboveground weed biomass compared with the control in 2005 and 2006, respectively, although PN productivity effects were much more modest. One year after application, PN lost some efficacy at suppressing weeds but was still superior to both composts. Distribution of weed species was substantially altered by mulch treatment. Both composts prevented some weed emergence (i.e., sheep sorrel), but weed seeds germinating in composts, especially SC, experienced prolific growth likely as a result of available nutrients in composts. No detrimental effects on short-term plant productivity were noted despite high C:N ratios of PN and MC (72:1 and 48:1, respectively). Plant vigor and yield were typically higher for compost mulch treatments, especially in weed-free subplots, and composts provided more complete fertilization reflected in increased leaf tissue elemental (NPK) composition. Fruit soluble solid (sugar) content was found to be significantly lower in PN and MC compared with SC, whereas total phenolic content was unaffected by mulches. Mulch application can improve organic highbush blueberry productivity by improving soil properties, nutrient availability, and weed suppression; however, precautions should be taken to avoid excess nutrient loading and weed seed contamination of mulches.
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Agnew, R. H., D. C. Mundy, T. M. Spiers, and M. M. Greven. "Waste stream utilisation for sustainable viticulture." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 1 (2005): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0001.
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Field trials were established at four vineyards in January 1999 to evaluate the effects of four mulch mixtures on different soil and plant parameters. Mulches were made from wine industry and other commercially available plant and animal wastes. Soil, grape petioles, grape leaves and grape juice were analysed over three seasons. The mulches applied released considerable quantities of nutrients, which were available for use by the grapevines. Generally, the type of mulch used had little impact on the parameters that were measured and the greatest differences occurred between non-mulched and mulch treatments. Soil pH showed an increase at three of the four sites after application of mulch. Soil phosphorus increased moderately at one site and substantially at the other three sites in the first year and soil potassium levels increased dramatically at all sites in the first year. After the application of mulches in 1999 the petiole nitrate levels increased dramatically at all sites, however there were no differences in the second year. In the third year petiole nitrate levels were again high indicating that the differences between years was probably largely attributable to differences in rainfall received among the three seasons. Petiole potassium levels also increased after the application of mulch, however the increase was nowhere near as large as the increase in soil potassium. The use of mulch increased leaf nitrogen and potassium levels but not phosphorus levels. The use of mulch did increase juice potassium, however there was greater seasonal and site variation than variation due to the effect of mulch.
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Woldetsadik, Kebede, Ulla Gertsson, and Johan Ascard. "Response of Shallots to Mulching and Nitrogen Fertilization." HortScience 38, no. 2 (2003): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.2.217.
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Two field experiments were conducted with shallot (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum Baker) on heavy clay soil to evaluate growth and yield response to mulching and nitrogen fertilization under the subhumid tropical climate of eastern Ethiopia during the short and main rainy seasons of 1999 with rainfalls amounting to 240 and 295 mm, respectively. The treatments included wheat straw, clear and black plastic mulches, and an unmulched control, each with nitrogen rates of 0, 75, or 150 kg·ha-1. Straw and black plastic mulches increased soil moisture while clear plastic reduced it considerably. Weed control was best with black and clear plastics in the short season and with black plastic or straw mulch in the main season. Both plastic mulches elevated soil temperature, especially clear plastic, which also caused most leaf tip burn. Yield increased nearly three-fold with the black plastic mulch in the short season and by one fourth in the main season compared to the bare ground. The straw and clear plastic mulches increased yield during the short sea son, but slightly reduced yield in the main season. The growth and yield of shallot were related to the weed control and soil moisture conservation efficiency of the mulches. Mulching did not alter the dry matter and the total soluble solids contents of the bulbs. Nitrogen fertilizer increased leaf numbers, plant height, mean bulb weight, bulb dry matter, and total soluble solids while reducing marketable bulb number, but did not significantly affect yield, leaf tip burn, or weed abundance.
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Khoramizadeh, Azadeh, Meghdad Jourgholami, Mohammad Jafari, Rachele Venanzi, Farzam Tavankar, and Rodolfo Picchio. "Soil Restoration through the Application of Organic Mulch Following Skidding Operations Causing Vehicle Induced Compaction in the Hyrcanian Forests, Northern Iran." Land 10, no. 10 (2021): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101060.
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In this study an attempt was made to assess how different mulches affect the soil environment. In particular, different organic mulches such as leaf litter, straw and sawdust were tested in order to assess their capacities to amend the soil conditions. These analyses were carried out in the Hyrcanian mixed broadleaved forest. Organic mulches can compensate the litter layer loss on compaction-induced soil and accelerate the restoration process of soil properties, which takes from a few years to several decades without mulching. However, comprehensive knowledge on the effects of organic mulch on soil quality in terms of compaction-induced soil in the scientific literature is still scarce and inadequate. The main aim of the study was to examine the effects of three organic mulches (leaf litter, straw and sawdust) on the restoration of forestry vehicle-induced soil properties in the skid trail over a 2-year period. The results showed as the values of soil physical and chemical properties in litter, straw and sawdust treatments were significantly restored as compared with the values in the untreated soil. In general, leaf litter supplies nutrients at higher rates than the straw and sawdust mulches. However, according to the current results, a 2-year period is not enough to return the soil physical and chemical properties to pre-traffic levels. Furthermore, the present study shows that organic mulch spread on the surface of mineral soil in the skid trails after machine traffic acts as a fertilizer to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter.
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Sil, MC, MZ Haque, A. Shila, MHK Howlader, and R. Ahmed. "Effect of Different Mulches on Growth and Yield of Cauliflower in Southern Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 13, no. 1-2 (2022): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v13i1-2.60698.
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A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Patuakhali from November 2011 to April 2012 to find out the most adventitious mulch material for Cauliflower production. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Six different mulches (M) along with control were applied as treatment viz M0 =Control (without mulches), M1 =Black polythene, M2 =White polythene, M3 =Saw dust, M4 =Water hyacinth and M5 =Rice straw. Data were compared on plant height (cm); number of leaves/plant; leaf area (cm2)/plant; leaf area index (cm2); dry weight of root, leaf and stem (g/plant); total dry matter (g/plant); crop growth rate (g/m2/day); relative growth rate (g/cm2/day); diameter of curd (cm2); curd fresh weight (g/plant) and curd yield (t/ha). Significant variation was obtained in case of all the compared parameters among the treatments but water hyacinth mulch gave highest value compared to control and other mulches. Finally, it can be concluded that water hyacinth mulch was found most effective for cauliflower production under AEZ-13 of the southern part of Bangladesh.
 Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 13(1&2): 110-117, 2020
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Choi, Hyun-Sug, Curt Rom, and Jason McAfee. "(317) Effects of Different Organic Mulch on Soil Physical Characteristics and Leaf Nutrition in Apple Orchards." HortScience 40, no. 4 (2005): 1027D—1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1027d.
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Mulch may affect soil chemistry, soil microclimate, biological communities, and tree performance. The trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of different orchard mulches on leaf nutrition, soil moisture, bulk density, root density, and water infiltration for understanding potential use in organic orchards for weed control and as a nutrient resource. Black plastic, hardwood chips, and shredded white paper were applied to three apple cultivars, `Gala', `Jonagold', and `Braeburn' on M.9 rootstocks. A control was sprayed with contact herbicide. Trees grown in hardwood mulch had the highest foliar P and K in year 3. Trees in other mulches showed no difference of leaf nutrition in year 5. All treatments had consistently higher soil moisture than control in year 1, 2, and 4. Mulch did not affect soil bulk density in year 2. The root density was lowest under black plastic mulch in year 2, but was similar in all treatments in year 3. In year 2, water infiltration was fastest in hardwood mulch and control treatments.
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S.B. GOSWAMI and S. SAHA. "Effect of organic and inorganic mulches on soil-moisture conservation, weed sup- pression and yield of elephant-foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius)." Indian Journal of Agronomy 51, no. 2 (2001): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v51i2.4996.
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A field investigation on elephant-foot yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius Blume) was carried out during the pre-rainy and rainy seasons (kharif) of 2001 and 2002 with various mulch materials, viz. transparent polythene, black polythene, wheat straw, paddy straw, banana leaf, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and cowpea (Vigna sp.) as cover crop. Black polythene, paddy straw and water hyacinth recorded significantly higher yields (50.2-52.8 tonneslha), which was 7.1-28.8% more than that of no-mulch control. Black polythene recorded the highest weed-control efficiency (92.1%). Mulches conserved the soil moisture by 26.3 to 29.7% in the soil (0-30 cm). Organic and inorganic mulches were on a par with each other in maintaining the soil-moisture status. Higher benefit : cost (B:C) ratio (3.12-3.38) was observed under application of organic mulch compared with that of inorganic or synthetic mulches (1.88-2.09).
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Akter, Nasrin, Dil Atia Parvin, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Nasima Akther Roshni, Syed Aflatun Kabir Hemel, and Md Abdul Wadud. "Mulching tree leaves improve the growth, yield, and yield components of hybrid maize." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 11, no. 2 (2024): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v11i2.76068.
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The experiment was carried out at the Agroforestry Farm, Department of Agroforestry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2019 to March 2020 to assess the impact of tree leaf mulching on the growth, yield attributes, and yield of maize. The study used a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications and six treatments. These treatments were: T0=Control (no mulch), T1=Akashmoni (Acacia auriculiformis) tree leaf mulch, T2=Segun (Tectona grandis) tree leaf mulch, T3=Kalo koroi (Albizia lebbeck) tree leaf mulch, T4=Jhau (Casuarina equisetifolia) tree leaf mulch, and T5=Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) tree leaf mulch. The results showed that the Kalo koroi tree leaf mulch (T3) led to the highest values for various parameters such as plant height, number of effective tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf diameter, number of cobs per plant, length, and diameter of cob, the weight of single cob, number of grains per cob, grain weight per cob, 100-grain weight, and grain yield of maize (221.18 cm, 0.93, 17.29, 79.26 cm, 7.30 cm, 4.18, 1.70, 21.11 cm, 6.08 cm, 212.12 g, 453.85 g, 138.91 g, 30.60 g, and 11.81 t/ha). Conversely, the lowest values were obtained in the control (T0) (no mulch), followed by T2 and T1 treatments (209.39 cm, 0.37, 12.5, 72.48 cm, 4.62 cm, 1.50, 15.03 cm, 4.44 cm, 202.19 g, 421.56 g, 111.55 g, 26.46 g, and 8.35 t/ha). Among the various tree leaf mulch treatments, it was found that the Kalo koroi tree leaf mulch performed better for vegetative growth, yield, and yield-contributing attributes in maize compared to the no mulch treatment. Therefore, it was suggested that tree leaf mulches could be a potential alternative to traditional mulches in maize cultivation. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 2, August 2024: 205-214
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Merwin, I. A., D. A. Rosenberger, C. A. Engle, D. L. Rist, and M. Fargione. "Comparing Mulches, Herbicides, and Cultivation as Orchard Groundcover Management Systems." HortTechnology 5, no. 2 (1995): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.5.2.151.
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Natural (hay, wood chips, recycled paper pulp) and synthetic (polypropylene film and polyester fabric) mulches were compared with mechanical tillage and residual herbicides as orchard groundcover management systems (GMSS). In two New York orchards-the Clarke farm and Hudson Valley Lab (HVL—GMSS were applied from 1990 to 1993 in 1.8-m-wide strips under newly planted apple (Malus domestica; `Liberty', `Empire', `Freedom', and advanced numbered selections from the disease-resistant apple breeding program at Geneva, N.Y.) trees. GMS impacts on soil fertility, tree nutrition and growth, yields, crop value, and vole (Microtus spp.) populations were evaluated. After 3 years at the Clarke orchard, extractable NO3, Mn, Fe, B, and Zn concentrations were greater in soil with herbicides than synthetic mulches; soil K and P concentrations were greater with herbicides and wood chips than synthetic mulches. At the HVL orchard, topsoil NO3, K, and Mg concentrations were greater with hay mulch than herbicides or other mulches; Mg, Fe, and B concentrations were lower in soil with wood chips than other GMSs. Soil organic matter content was not affected by GMS. Apple leaf N, K, Cu, and Zn concentrations were greater with herbicides, hay mulch, and polypropylene mulch than cultivation or recycled paper mulch at the HVL orchard during hot, dry Summer 1991. Despite transient differences among GMSS during the initial years, after 4 years of treatments there were no consistent GMS trends in cumulative tree growth or gross yields. The higher establishment and maintenance costs of several mulches were offset by their prolonged efficacy over successive years; crop market values from 1992 to 1994 were considerably greater for trees with polypropylene film, polyester fabric, and hay mulches than herbicides, cultivation, or other mulches. Voles caused more serious damage to trees in synthetic and hay mulches, despite the use of mesh trunk guards and rodenticide bait.
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Smith, Ann Marie, and Donald Rakow. "ORNAMENTAL TREE LEAF PUBESCENCE AND MULCHING TO MAINTAIN FAVORABLE WATER STATUS DURING DROUGHT." HortScience 26, no. 5 (1991): 478c—478. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.478c.
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This study was undertaken to determine if there was a combination of tree species and mulch type which resulted in a most favorable plant water potential when plants were subjected to induced drought. Fraxinus pennsylvanica, glabrous, and F.p. `Emerald', pubescent, trees were combined with either a four cm application of medium grade gravel, shredded bark, a fused polypropylene geotextile or no mulch treatment. After the first drought period, across all treatments, the pubescent `Emerald' trees maintained less negative water potentials than the Fraxinus pennsylvanlca trees. In the species comparison the particulate mulches, shredded bark and gravel, were associated with less negative water potentials then the other treatments. Between these, the shredded bark was associated with the least negative readings. After the second consecutive dry down there was not a significant difference in predawn water potentials between the species and cultivar. However, within the `Emerald' comparison there was a non-significant difference between the particulate mulches and the shredded bark was associated with the least negative potentials.
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Zahura, Mst, Md Rashid, and Md Rabbani. "Effects of Plastic Mulches on Growth, Yield and Quality of Baby Carrot Germplasm." Fundamental and Applied Agriculture 9, no. 3 (2024): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/faa.220782.
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Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an important biennial root vegetable crop in Bangladesh. But Baby carrot having the higher nutritional status is a new crop of Bangladesh. Different germplasms of baby carrots have strong interaction with plastic mulches for growth, yield and quality. The experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from the period of October 2023 to February 2024 to study the effects of plastic mulches on growth, yield and quality of baby carrot germplasm. The experiment consisted of five baby carrot germplasms namely G1 (PI L1408), G2 (Nantes 5), G3 (261650), G4 (PI 1408) and G5 (Upper cut) and five coloured plastic mulches viz., T0 (control), T1 (black), T2 (silver), T3 (blue) and T4 (red). The two-factor experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Significant variations were observed due to interaction between germplasms and plastic mulches on all the growth, yield and quality parameters studied. At harvest, maximum root length (29.07 cm) was obtained from PI L1408 with black plastic mulch, maximum root diameter (4.19 cm), root weight (174.45 g), yield (27.06 t/ha), marketable yield (26.81 t/ha) were obtained from Nantes 5 with black plastic mulch, maximum branched root (11.60%) was recorded from PI 262650 with control and maximum leaf weight (65.63 g) was found from Nantes 5 with blue plastic mulch. On the contrary, minimum root length (15.74 cm) was recorded from Upper cut with red plastic mulch, minimum root diameter (2.06 cm), root weight (40.43 g), yield (12.36 t/ha), marketable yield (12.25 t/ha) were obtained from PI 1408 with control and maximum leaf weight (24.07 g) from PI 1408 with blue plastic mulch treatment. Therefore, interaction between Nantes 5 with black plastic mulch was found to be better in respect of growth, yield and quality of baby carrots.
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Boo, Heeock, Honggi Kim, and Hyunhwa Lee. "Changes in Sugar Content and Sucrose Synthase Enzymes during Fruit Growth in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Grown on Different Polyethylene Mulches." HortScience 45, no. 5 (2010): 775–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.5.775.
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This study clarified the role of the key enzymes [sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS)] in the sucrose synthesis of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) cultured on different polyethylene mulches. Sugar concentration in fruit and SPS and SS activities in leaf and fruit were measured during the different fruit development stages. Total sugar concentration was the highest on the reflective mulches throughout all the developmental stages of eggplant and followed by the white, the black, and transparent mulches. The concentrations of all three individual sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) increased during fruit development on all four polyethylene mulches. Although no specific pattern in enzyme activities of leaf and fruit related to the sugar accumulation of eggplant fruit was observed, the reflective and white mulches triggered higher sucrose synthase enzyme activities than did the black and transparent mulches.
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A. K. CHAKRAVARTI, R. MOITRA, ASIS MUKHERJEE, P. DEY, and P. K. CHAKRABORTY. "Effect of planting methods and mulching on the thermal environment and biological productivity of groundnut." Journal of Agrometeorology 12, no. 1 (2010): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v12i1.1275.
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To estimate the altered thermal environmental effect due to adoption of planting methods and different mulches, a field experiment was conducted on groundnut at the CR Farm, BCKV, W. B., India in the summer seasons of 2003, 2004 and 2005. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, where the planting methods (flat and ridge) were the main plot treatments and the mulches (banana leaf with dry grass, water hyacinth, transparent polythene sheet, rice straw, jute stick and non-mulch control) were considered as the sub-plot treatments. The results showed that ridge planting method with use of water hyacinth or banana leaf with dry grass greatly altered the thermal environment by reducing air temperature, canopy temperature and SDDI in groundnut; both the dry matter production and yield of the crop were increased due to adoption of ridge planting and bio mulches due to conducive thermal environment. There existed a significant negative correlation between yield and air temperature, dry matter and air temperature, yield and canopy temperature, dry matter and canopy temperature yield and SDDI, dry matter and SDDI.
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Hogue, Eugene J., John A. Cline, Gerry Neilsen, and Denise Neilsen. "Growth and Yield Responses to Mulches and Cover Crops under Low Potassium Conditions in Drip-irrigated Apple Orchards on Coarse Soils." HortScience 45, no. 12 (2010): 1866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.45.12.1866.
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Fertigated ‘Gala’ apple trees on M.9 (Malus domestica Borkh.) rootstock, planted in 1998, were grown on a coarse soil for 6 years (1998 to 2003) and exposed to eight orchard floor vegetation management treatments within the tree row. These consisted of a glyphosate control; three waste paper mulch treatments [spray-on mulch paper mulch (SM), SM incorporated with dichlobenil, SM applied over uniformly spread shredded office paper (SOP)]; and four living cover crop mulch treatments [dwarf white clover (WC), sweet clover (SC), hairy vetch (HV), and annual rye]. There were no significant treatment effects on leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) status; however, leaf potassium (K) levels were negatively affected by the living mulch treatments in 2 of 5 years. Tree vigor was diminished by several of the orchard floor vegetation management systems in 5 of 6 years. Trees receiving an SM treatment grew more rapidly than trees receiving the ground cover treatments and trees receiving a glyphosate treatment had relatively poor but comparable growth to several of the cover crop treatments. Growth response in trees receiving SM were observed in all production years. After 6 years, cumulative yields were highest from trees receiving any of the three SM or glyphosate treatments and significantly less for any of the ground cover treatments. Weed growth within the rye cover crop was significantly reduced in comparison with the other living mulches; however, it remained sufficiently competitive to contribute to diminished overall yield and tree growth in comparison with the SM and gylphosate control treatments. Overall, response of leaf K concentration to mulch treatments was insufficient to prevent low K levels after 5 years. The addition of K through the organic mulches or recycling of K by cover crops was insufficient to avoid the development of low leaf K levels. Annual fertigation of K, in addition to N and P, appears necessary to maintain adequate vigor and yield when using mulches or cover crops in intensive, drip-irrigated apple orchards grown on coarse soils.
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Kabir, MA, MA Rahim, and DAN Majumder. "Productivity of garlic under different tillage methods and mulches in organic condition." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 41, no. 1 (2016): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v41i1.27667.
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An experiment was conducted at the field of USDA-Alliums project, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effect of tillage and mulches on the growth and yield of garlic. The experiment consisted of three tillage conditions (conventional, puddling and zero tillage) and four mulches (control, rice straw, water hyacinth and Curcuma amada leaf). The results revealed that different mulches had remarkable contributions on the growth and yield of garlic. The highest values of growth parameters as well as bulb yield were obtained from rice straw mulch identical with that of water hyacinth mulch. Different tillage also had significant influence on yield and yield contributing traits of garlic. Garlic cultivated under zero tillage showed remarkable variation in terms of percent emergence. Puddling and zero tillage practices resulted in higher yield compared to the conventional tillage. It was also noticed that both the tillage conditions as well as mulches showed profound effects on the yield and yield contributing parameters. Moreover, the highest net return (196647Tk. /ha) and the highest BCR of 2.90 was obtained from zero tillage with rice straw.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 53-66, March 2016
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Akhtar, Muhammad Naveed, Abid Hussain, Mohsin Nawaz, Adnan Fareed, Sami Ullah, and Shakeel Ahmad. "Effect of Mulching and Drip Irrigation on Water Use Efficiency and Vegetative Growth of Mango under Small Tree System." Plant Bulletin 1, no. 2 (2022): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55627/pbulletin.001.02.0250.
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Mango orchards in Pakistan are mostly irrigated using the basin flood method. A considerable quantity of water is lost from basins and channels through evaporation and seepage. During 2020-21, a study was conducted at Mango Small tree system located in MNS University of Agriculture Multan to examine the effect of drip irrigation systems flow rate and mulching in a split-plot design with two treatments and four replications. Main plot treatments consisted of four drip irrigation systems: Loop, single line drippers, bubbler and double line drippers. Moreover, subplots comprised two levels of mulching: no mulch and organic mulch (hay grass). The plants were irrigated by Drip irrigation on daily basis through Loop drippers of two liters per hour liter per hour (lph), single online line drippers of four lph, bubbler of two hundred lph and double online drippers of four lph discharge capacity from November to March. The drip system at a flow rate of four lph and treated with organic mulch recorded the maximum water use efficiency (6.46 kgha-1mm-1), stomatal conductance (140, 25 mmol-1m-2s-1), sub stomatal conductance (65 mmol-1m-2s-1), leaf photosynthetic rate (6.11 mmol-1m-2s-1) and leaf transpiration rate (1.84 mgm-2s-1). The plant height and scion girth did not show significant differences with changes in water flow rate and organic mulches. The maximum soil temperature (38○ C) was recorded in the non-mulched plot. The application of organic mulches not only enhanced the water use efficiency (WUE) and transpiration rate but also improved chlorophyll contents and the number of flushes.
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Abraham, Mini, Bhindhu P S, Deepa Thomas, et al. "Optimizing Soil Moisture, Mulching, and Spacing for Yield and Water Productivity in Irrigated Elephant Foot Yam (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 10 (2024): 370–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i104492.
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Aims: To standardize crop spacing and irrigation requirements under different mulching situation for better yield and water productivity. Study Design: The experiment was designed in RBD with two replications. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Station, Kerala Agriculture University (KAU), Chalakudy for three consecutive years from 2016 -17, 2017 – 18 and 2018 – 2019. Methodology: Study conducted with 18 treatments, includes three levels of irrigation, three types of mulching and with two different crop spacing. Observations on weed count and weed dry matter production were also taken to study the effect of different mulches on weed growth. Biometric observations of crop growth and yield were recorded. Results: Observations on biometric characters revealed that both the height and diameter of the crop canopy were significantly influenced by mulching and found to be highest in the plot where leaf was used as the mulching material and the yield of Amorphophallus during 2016 - 2017 showed that corm weight was greatly influenced by irrigation levels, mulching and spacing. Corm yield was lowest in the plot where irrigation frequency was once in three days (21.02 t/ha). Yield in leaf mulched plot was 38.11 t/ha while in plastic mulched and no mulched plots were 23.50 and 19.50 t/ha. Effect of treatments on water productivity and BC ratio showed that leaf mulching of the crop has significant effect. In leaf mulched plot, water productivity in 2016-17 was 2.03 while it was only 1.854 and 0.886 in 2017-18 and 2018-19. Similarly, BC ratio was highest for leaf mulched plot followed by no mulch and plastic mulch plot. Conclusion: The experimental results from 2016 -17, 2017 – 18 and 2018 – 2019, showed that Amorphophallus planted at a spacing of 90 cm x 90 cm, irrigated at a frequency of once in three days along with leaf mulching can increase the yield and water productivity along with effective control of weed population.
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Mostafa, Harby, El-Sayed Khater, and Ramy Hamouda. "Changes of root zone temperature, growth and productivity of broccoli cultivated with coloured plastic mulches." Research in Agricultural Engineering 66, No. 3 (2020): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/84/2019-rae.
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The main aim is to find out the influence of using coloured plastic mulches (blue, white, green, red, black and white on black) compared with a mulch-free treatment on the root zone temperature, growth and productivity of broccoli. The results indicated that the highest and lowest mean root zone temperatures were recorded the in the dark-coloured mulches (blue, green, red and white on black) and in the light-coloured mulches (white), respectively, in both the winter and spring seasons. The average shoot length, leaf number and root volume of the broccoli for all the treatments was higher in the spring season compared with those of the winter season. The highest marketable head fresh weight values were 449.6 and 451.0 g found in the black mulch, while the lowest values were 391.4 and 397.5 g found in the winter and spring seasons for the red mulch, respectively. The N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations in the broccoli heads ranged from 2.0 to 2.8%, 0.9 to 1.0%, 2.7 to 3.6%, 1.9 to 5.9% and 0.5 to 0.89%, respectively, for all the treatments.
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R., Gbarabe, and Daye B. "Effect of Different Mulch Materials on the Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea Mays) on Coastal Plain Sand in Southern Nigeria." African Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 7, no. 1 (2024): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafs-a7gabmwk.
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The presence of residue mulches in farm has been known to effectively save the soil surface, prevent soil erosion on slopes, help reduce soil moisture loss through evapotranspiration and insulates soil, protect roots from extreme temperature, improve soil biology, aeration, aggregation of soil particles and reduce drainage over-time, improve soil fertility as certain mulch type decompose, inhibit plant diseases, give planting beds a uniform and provide favourable preservation of ecological stability. This experiment was conducted in Teaching and research farm of Akwa ibom State University, Obio Akpa Campus to assess the effect of sawdust, calopogonium leaves, and siam weed on microbial, physicochemical properties and performance of White Maize (Zea mays) on a coastal plain sand of Obio Akpa in Southern Nigeria. Results showed that soil mulches with calopogonium mucunoides recorded highest in the following parameters measured; ECEC 10.35%, Cmol and AV.P323mg/kg-1,% base saturation (91.11),100% seed emergence and less leaf area, the highest moisture(35%) was obtain in the soil mulched with saw dust. The highest moisture content in Zea mays ,(5.63%) crude fibre (3.91), lipid (4.71), Total Ash(4.42) and carbohydrates (61.98%) were obtained in the soil mulched calopogonium mucunoides while the highest bacterial count 37x105cful/g-1 and fungi counts 5.1x103cfu/g_1 which gives rise to typical adult characteristics of soil derived from coastal plain sand.
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Nyochembeng, Leopold M., and Regine N. Mankolo. "Colored Plastic Mulch Effects on Plant Performance and Disease Suppression in Organically Grown Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum)." Journal of Agricultural Science 13, no. 6 (2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n6p11.
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Weeds and diseases are major biological competitors that pose significant threats to organic production of vegetables in southeastern US during the summer. We evaluated plasticulture as an alternative weed and disease management strategy for open field organic production of bell peppers. The objective of the research was to assess the effects of four colored plastic mulches on soil temperature, moisture, fruit yield and suppression of weeds and diseases on bell pepper. Bell pepper cv ‘King Arthur’ was planted on raised soil beds covered with colored (olive green, black, white and silver) mulch treatments including a control (bare soil). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Soil temperature and moisture, disease incidence and severity, and fruit yield were determined. Plant performance (growth and yield) varied with mulch type. The black and olive plastic mulches warmed the soil significantly more than the reflective silver and bare soil. Bell pepper plants across all mulch treatments exhibited susceptibility to bacterial leaf spot (BLS). However, the incidence and severity of BLS varied with mulch type. Plants on reflective silver plastic displayed significant BLS incidence and severity compared to the olive plastic and bare soil. The black, white, and reflective silver plastic mulches significantly increased fruit yields, while the olive mulch and bare soil exhibited poor crop performance. These results suggest that the black and white plastic mulches retain the potential to be used in organic vegetable production in Alabama and the southeastern US.
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Xu, Da Yong. "Decomposition of Water Hyacinth Mulch in a Vegetable Plot in Shanghai." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.761.
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Mulching is considered as a simplest utilization of water hyacinth. In this study, a field experiment using the litterbag method was conducted on the decomposition of the water hyacinth mulch under vegetable plot conditions. Mulch mass losses and changes in nutrient and C/N ratio were measured over 100 days to determine the effects of mulch characteristics on decomposition and nutrient concentration in the remaining mulches. The remaining mass after 100 days decomposed on the vegetable plot was 45.4%, 9.4% and 0.0% to the initial mass of the root, stem and leaf, respectively. Water hyacinth leaf recorded the highest decomposition rate 0.1538 day-1 7 times greater than stem, with stem 0.0217 day-1 but significantly greater than root 0.0072 day-1. The time taken for 95% mass loss varied with mulches. Root took 403 days, stem took 130 days and leaf took 36 days, respectively. The remaining N of leaf mulch decreased with decomposition time. On the other hand, the remaining N of root and stem showed three phases: decreased (reaching 42.0% and 26.2%), increased (reaching 44.8% and 26.5%) and decreased again (reaching 32.5% and 8.0% of the initial N content of the root and stem). The remaining P of stem and leaf declined continuously from the beginning to the end of the study. The dynamic of the P of root can be divided into two phases. In the end of the experiment the C/N ratio was 25.5, 24.7 and 19.4 of the root, stem and leaf, respectively. The results demonstrated that the leaf decay first and the root can last for more than 1 year during the water hyacinth mulch decomposition, this may be good for the soil nutrient cycling and moisture conserving under vegetable plot.
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Enujeke, E. C., L. A. Anwuli-Okoh, and E. J. A. Ogbinaka. "Effects of Five Different Leaf Mulches on Seedling Growth of Avocado Pear (Persea americana) in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria." Sahel Journal of Life Sciences FUDMA 2, no. 2 (2024): 258–64. https://doi.org/10.33003/sajols-2024-0202-34.
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The present study was carried out in 2022 and repeated in 2023 to investigate the effects of five different types of leaf mulch on seedling growth of Avocado pear in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. The mulches were: Zero mulch (Control), Terminalia catappa leaves, Pennisetum purpureum leaves, Panicum maximum leaves and Mangifera indica leaves. The growth parameters assessed to achieve the objectives of the study were; initial physico-chemical properties of the soil used for the study, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of the leaf mulches, percentage germination, plant height, number of leaves/plant, leaf area and collar diameter of Avocado pear seedlings. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the study showed that plants grown in poly pots containing P. purpureum leaf mulch were superior to their counterparts for all the seedling growth parameters of Avocado pear investigated, including percentage emergence of 92% in 2022 and 98% in 2023, plant height of 62cm in both 2022 and 2023. A similar trend was also observed in the 24th and 32nd week after planting where P. americana grown in poly pots containing P. purpureum had outstanding heights of 152cm in 2022 and 160cm in 2023 respectively as well as 338cm in 2022 and 342cm in 2023 respectively at 32 weeks after planting. Based on the study's findings, it was recommended that farmers adopt the application of P. purpureum leaf mulch in the study area for increased growth and yield P. americana.
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Brandenberger, L. P., and R. P. Wiedenfeld. "The Effect of Colored Plastic Mulches on Whitefly Populations in Watermelon Production." HortScience 32, no. 4 (1997): 598E—598. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.598e.
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The squash leaf curl virus (SLCV), transmitted by the sweet potato whitefly (Bemesia tabaci biotype B), is widespread on fall-planted watermelon in the Rio Grande Valley and Coastal Bend areas of south Texas. The objective of the study was to evaluate colored mulches for their effects on whitefly populations, virus incidence, and watermelon yield. Eleven polyethylene films were included as treatments in both a spring and fall study and were replicated five times in a randomized block design. Plastic mulches caused substantial improvement in melon yields (40%) in the spring crop, similar to responses obtained in other studies on cantaloupes. Fall yield increases due to the use of mulches did not occur. Whitefly populations were much lower in 1996 than they have been in previous years, therefore this was not an adequate test of its effects on whitefly behavior. Even so, there were indications in the fall crop that the use of plastic mulch tended to result in lower whitefly numbers. No evidence was found of any difference between the various mulch materials regarding whitefly counts.
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Foshee III, Wheeler, William Goff, Michael Patterson, et al. "Organic Mulches Affect Soil and Leaf Nutrient Levels of Young Pecan Trees." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 25, no. 2 (1999): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1999.012.
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Soil and leaf nutrient levels were compared from young pecan (Carya illinoensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch) trees mulched with leaves, pine bark nuggets, pine straw, grass clippings, or chipped limbs; and from unmulched trees with bermudagrass sod. Soil beneath grass-clipping mulch showed an increase in soil potassium (K) levels as compared to all other treatments except chipped limbs. Foliar iron (Fe) for the pine bark nuggets and leaf treatments were higher than for the pine-straw and chippedlimb treatments. Leaf manganese (Mn) levels for the grass-clipping treatment were higher than those for sod, pine straw, chipped limbs, or leaf treatments. Overall, the nutritional differences among mulch treatments were small, suggesting that growth differences were attributed to other factors.
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Nurse, Robert E., Rolland Mensah, Darren E. Robinson, and Gilles D. Leroux. "Adzuki bean [Vigna angularis(Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi], oilseed radish (Raphanus sativusL.), and cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) as living mulches with and without herbicides to control annual grasses in sweet corn (Zea maysL.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 99, no. 2 (2019): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2018-0113.
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Annual grasses are difficult to control in sweet corn in Canada due to the scarcity of registered herbicides with grass activity. In addition to the potential soil health benefits, over-seeding living mulches into the cropping system may help sweet corn growers improve annual grass control by increasing competitive ground cover. To test this hypothesis, trials were established at three locations in Ontario and Quebec, Canada, in 2008 and 2009. At each location, sweet corn was over-seeded at the 4–6 leaf stage with one of three living mulches alone or in combination with an herbicide. The living mulch/herbicide pairings were adzuki bean (linuron + S-metolachlor), cereal rye (saflufenacil), and oilseed radish (pendimethalin). All living mulch treatments were compared with an untreated control and an industry standard (S-metolachlor/atrazine). When sweet corn was over-seeded with living mulches alone, the most effective annual grass control was provided by the cereal rye. The least effective living mulch was adzuki bean, but the combination of adzuki bean plus a herbicide was the most effective for annual grass suppression. The final marketable yields in all living mulch treatments were always lower than the industry standard. In spite of effective annual grass control, reduced yields may make the adoption of the tested living mulch species less attractive to conventional sweet corn growers.
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Wahyuni, Sri, Purwanto Purwanto, and John Bako Baon. "Runoff Water in Cocoa Plantation as Affected by Rorak Number and Mulch Type." Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) 31, no. 3 (2015): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i3.206.
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Soil erosion is a serious problem in the field of ecology and environment. Providing rorak (small blocked ditches) and mulches as an alternative conservation action is expected to minimize water runoff. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combination of rorak and mulches in controlling water runoff in a cocoa farm. Location of this research was in Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute during rainy season in early 2015. This research used a nested design in which there is a complete factorial design of random groups that every combination treatment was repeated three times. Each experiment plot consisted of 16 cocoa trees of eight years old. The first factor was rorak treatment consisted of without rorak, 9 rorak per 16 trees (plot) and 16 rorak per 16 trees, whereas the second factor was mulch treatment consisted of control (without mulch), cocoa leaves as mulch and rice straw mixed with cocoa leaves as mulch. Rorak collecting runoff water was made of aluminum with a length of 40 cm, width 30 cm and high 30 cm. Observation of runoff water was carried out early every morning. The results showed that increased number of rorak combined with cocoa leaf and rice straw significantly controlled runoff water compared to control. Rorak and mulch treatments were able to reduce runoff water compared to control. High number of rorak per plot increased the effectiveness in controlling runoff water when it was combined with mulch especially mixture of wide leaf (cocoa leaf) and needleshaped leaf (rice straw). Treatment of 16 rorak in every 16 trees with cocoa leaves and rice straw mulch could reduce runoff water by 82.8% compared to a control.
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Rajashekarappa, K. S., MD Majeed Pasha, and K. Devaraj. "Effect of different organic mulches and in-situ green manuring on soil chemical, biological properties and weed dynamics in Maize." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 3, no. 01 (2018): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.1.11.
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A study was conducted at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore in Alfisols during 2010 to know the effect of different organic mulches and in-situ green manuring on soil properties and weed dynamics in maize. The soil was red sandy loam, slightly acidic in pH and with low in available nitrogen and medium in available phosphorus and potassium. The experiment consists of nine treatments comprising different mulchels like straw, coir pith, coconut fronds, tank soil and in-situ green manuring of sunhemp and glyricidia as green leaf manuring and horse gram as intercrop and control which are replicated thrice in RCBD. The results indicated that the soil organic carbon content did not differ significantly due to different mulches and in-situ green manuring but differed significantly with respect to available nutrients and on weed dynamics. Among different treatments in-situ green manuring of sunhemp registered significantly higher available nitrogen (281.18 kg/ha) over other treatments but which was on par with green leaf manuring, horse gram intercropping and tank silt application. Similarly, in-situ green manuring of sunhemp recorded significantly higher available phosphorus (77.93 kg/ha) over application of additional FYM but was on par with other treatments. Mulching with coconut fronds (2.3 t/ ha) recorded higher available potassium (136.13 kg/ha) but which was on par with other mulches except mulching with straw, application of additional FYM and control. The population of total bacteria, fungi and P solublizers, Azotobactor were found be increased significantly after the harvest of the crop compared to the initial population, in-situ green manuring of sunhemp, green leaf manuring with glyricidia and intercropping of horse gram registered lower weed density of 24.41, 30.44 and 32.14 per m2 respectively over other treatments. Similar trend was noticed with respect to weed dry weight and weed control efficiency.
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Lopes, Iug, João L. M. P. de Lima, Abelardo A. A. Montenegro, and Ailton Alves de Carvalho. "Assessment of Water Retention and Absorption of Organic Mulch Under Simulated Rainfall for Soil and Water Conservation." Soil Systems 9, no. 1 (2025): 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems9010004.
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The use of organic mulch as a natural practice to enhance water retention and absorption is underexplored, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of its effectiveness under varying conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the process of interception, retention, and absorption of rainwater by different types, sizes, and densities of some organic mulch covers. Six organic mulches of various sizes were used, all largely available in the Brazilian semiarid: coconut leaf (cc), cashew leaf (ca), elephant grass (el), corn leaf (co), Brachiaria grass (br), and sugar cane leaf (su), under simulated rainfall conditions. The experimental scheme consisted of a factorial of six types of mulches, three sizes (50, 100, and 200 mm), and four densities (1, 2, 4, and 8 t ha−1). Water adsorption and retention curves were constructed, and the interception capacity of different vegetation materials was estimated. Analysis of variance, Tukey Test, Regression polynomial, and Principal Components Analysis were applied. It was observed that increasing density systematically led to an increase in water retention and absorption. For 8 t ha−1 the values were 11 to 23% for water retention and 7 to 16% for water absorption of the gross rainfall depth. When comparing 8 t ha−1 and 2 t ha−1 densities, rainfall retention and absorption increased more than 100%. Higher values were obtained for cashew and Brachiaria grass, improving water retention and cashew leaves for absorption. Coconut leaves promoted only 83% retention and 67% water absorption, when compared to the cashew leaf and Brachiaria grass.
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Singh, Sachin Kumar, Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma, Salwan Ali Abed, et al. "Soil erosion control from trash residues at varying land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, no. 6 (2023): 11403–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023506.
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<abstract> <p>Trash mulches are remarkably effective in preventing soil erosion, reducing runoff-sediment transport-erosion, and increasing infiltration. The study was carried out to observe the sediment outflow from sugar cane leaf (trash) mulch treatments at selected land slopes under simulated rainfall conditions using a rainfall simulator of size 10 m × 1.2 m × 0.5 m with the locally available soil material collected from Pantnagar. In the present study, trash mulches with different quantities were selected to observe the effect of mulching on soil loss reduction. The number of mulches was taken as 6, 8 and 10 t/ha, three rainfall intensities viz. 11, 13 and 14.65 cm/h at 0, 2 and 4% land slopes were selected. The rainfall duration was fixed (10 minutes) for every mulch treatment. The total runoff volume varied with mulch rates for constant rainfall input and land slope. The average sediment concentration (SC) and sediment outflow rate (SOR) increased with the increasing land slope. However, SC and outflow decreased with the increasing mulch rate for a fixed land slope and rainfall intensity. The SOR for no mulch-treated land was higher than trash mulch-treated lands. Mathematical relationships were developed for relating SOR, SC, land slope, and rainfall intensity for a particular mulch treatment. It was observed that SOR and average SC values correlated with rainfall intensity and land slope for each mulch treatment. The developed models' correlation coefficients were more than 90%.</p> </abstract>
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Sekara, Agnieszka, Robert Pokluda, Eugenio Cozzolino, Luisa del Piano, Antonio Cuciniello, and Gianluca Caruso. "Plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato affected by biodegradable and non-degradable mulches." Horticultural Science 46, No. 3 (2019): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/218/2017-hortsci.
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Research in southern Italy assessed the effects of biodegradable mulch on fruit yield and quality of two greenhouse tomato cultivars, ‘Coronel F<sub>1</sub>’ and ‘Kero F<sub>1</sub>’. Three mulching types (two MaterBi biodegradable black films, MB N2/12 amnd MB N8; black polyethylene film, low-density polyethylene (LDPE)) and not mulched control were compared. ‘Coronel F<sub>1</sub>’ showed higher values of fruit yield, total crop biomass and leaf area index (LAI). MB N8 and LDPE films led to the highest fruit yield and growth indexes, whereas not mulched control to the lowest. Fruit dry residue and soluble solids were highest under MB N2/12 and MB N8, titratable acidity was highest under MB N8. Fruits grown under MB N8 and LDPE mulches attained the highest levels of colour components “L” and “b” respectively, and MB N8 the highest fruit firmness. MB N2/12 and MB N8 showed the highest levels of antioxidants and antioxidant activity. Biodegradable polymers improved root growth conditions and fruit quality, showing suitable features for sustainable vegetable production.