Relevant bibliographies by topics / Leaf rust

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Academic literature on the topic 'Leaf rust'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Leaf rust"

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Hanzalová, A., and P. Bartoš. "Resistance of triticale to wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina)." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 47, No. 1 (2011): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/100/2010-cjgpb.

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Reactions of winter triticale cultivars mostly from central Europe to recent and old leaf rust isolates were tested in the greenhouse. In one trial 20 cultivars were tested with 8 leaf rust isolates, collected recently from official wheat and triticale trials in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In another trial 15 cultivars were tested with 6 old leaf rust isolates, used to identify leaf rust resistance genes in wheat. The cultivars Cando, Hortenso and Tricolor, registered in the Czech Republic, were resistant to the majority of the recent isolates. The Hungarian cultivar Tatra was resistant to all the recent isolates. The old leaf rust isolates were virulent only to a few of the triticale cultivars. Randomly selected isolates from wheat and triticale were tested on triticale cultivars and on Thatcher near isogenic lines with different Lr genes. On average, leaf rust isolates from triticale were virulent to a higher number of triticale cultivars than isolates collected from wheat and vice versa.
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Malau, Sabam. "Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlations between Leaf-Rust Disease and Leaf Morphology and its Ratio in Arabica Coffee." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 25, no. 3 (2020): 468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.25.3.468.

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 Selection parameter in coffee breeding for leaf rust (Hemeleia vastatrix) resistance is very important. Breeders used leaf-rust severity and leaf-rust incidence as parameters of direct selection. However, scientific proof is not yet available whether leaf morphology can be used as a parameter of indirect selection. The objective of this research was to seek the possibility of leaf morphology parameter and its ratio to be used as selection criteria through analyses of genotypic and phenotypic correlations of parameter of rust disease and parameter of leaf morphology and its ratio. The result revealed that genotypes showed significant variations in leaf-rust severity (5.21–25.84%), leaf morphology, and leaf-morphology ratio. Leaf length to leaf width ratio, leaf length to leaf area ratio, and leaf width to leaf weight ratio were not affected by the environment. Leaf-rust severity performed highly significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations the ratio of with leaf length to leaf area. For selection criteria, leaf-rust severity could be better used rather than leaf-rust incidence and branch-rust incidence. The ratio of leaf length to leaf area could also be used as an indirect selection criterion because the ratio showed a highly significant genotypic correlation with leaf-rust severity (rGab = 0.254**). However, the ratio of leaf length to leaf area is even better chosen for selection criteria rather than leaf-rust severity because the ratio was not affected by the environment.
 
 Keywords: fungus, Hemeleia vastatrix, indirect selection
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Ydyrys, A. A., A. T. Sarbayev, R. A. Iskendirova, S. B. Dubekova, and A. K. Eserkenov. "RESISTANCE OF SPRING WHEAT TO LEAF RUST IN KAZAKHSTAN." Bulletin of the Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University 62, no. 3 (2022): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52081/bkaku.2022.v62.i3.089.

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The article presents the results of immunological evaluation of spring wheat samples with Lr genes for resistance to leaf rust. The purpose of the performed studies was the immunological evaluation and selection of sources of spring wheat resistance to leaf rust. The bjects of the study were samples of spring wheat from nurseries 6th ILRTN-15 and 18KASIB-LR-RES. Its scientific novelty consisted in the identification of effective Lr genes of resistance of spring wheat to the Kazakh population of leaf rust. Immunological studies were carried out in 2019-2020 in the conditions of the Kostanay region against a natural background of infection of wheat and in the conditions of the Almaty region against an artificially infectious background of infection of spring wheat. As a result of screening in the conditions of the regions of our study, 70 varieties and lines with effective Lr genes were identified as resistant. Thus, varieties and lines with Lr genes selected for leaf rust resistance are recommended by us as sources of resistance to the local leaf rust population.
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Věchet, L. "Development of powdery mildew and leaf rust epidemics in winter wheat cultivars." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 10 (2011): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4154-pse.

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Development of powdery mildew and leaf rust epidemics was examined on three winter wheat cultivars with different predispositions to powdery mildew in three-year experiments. The progress of powdery mildew and leaf rust on the same cultivar was conditioned by its dissimilar susceptibility to the respective disease. Fit temperature played an important role at the beginning of the particular disease and during its progress. Significant differences in the disease severity of powdery mildew and leaf rust were recorded on single leaves. Disease severity of leaf rust was higher on upper leaves while disease severity of powdery mildew was higher on lower leaves.
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Rosa, Silvia B., Brent McCallum, Anita Brûlé-Babel, et al. "Inheritance of Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust Resistance in the Brazilian Wheat Cultivar ‘Toropi’." Plant Disease 100, no. 6 (2016): 1132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-15-1128-re.

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Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe rust (P. striiformis f. tritici) affect wheat production worldwide. Brazilian ‘Toropi’ wheat has demonstrated durable leaf rust resistance in South America since its release in 1965. It was previously found to have up to two adult plant leaf rust resistance genes. The leaf and stripe rust resistance of Toropi were studied by analyzing a doubled-haploid population made by crossing with susceptible ‘Thatcher’. Toropi expressed good resistance to leaf rust in Canada, Brazil, and New Zealand. Based on field and greenhouse testing, the leaf rust resistance of Toropi is conferred by two race-nonspecific complementary adult plant genes and a race-specific adult plant gene. The stripe rust resistance of Toropi analyzed in New Zealand and in Canada is based on up to two resistance genes. Toropi should provide an important contribution to rust resistance because it expressed good leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in different parts of the world.
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Tsilo, Toi J., James A. Kolmer, and James A. Anderson. "Molecular Mapping and Improvement of Leaf Rust Resistance in Wheat Breeding Lines." Phytopathology® 104, no. 8 (2014): 865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-10-13-0276-r.

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Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is the most common and widespread disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. Deployment of host-plant resistance is one of the strategies to reduce losses due to leaf rust disease. The objective of this study was to map genes for adult-plant resistance to leaf rust in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population originating from MN98550-5/MN99394-1. The mapping population of 139 RILs and five checks were evaluated in 2005, 2009, and 2010 in five environments. Natural infection occurred in the 2005 trials and trials in 2009 and 2010 were inoculated with leaf rust. Four quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 2BS, 2DS, 7AL, and 7DS were detected. The QTL on 2BS explained up to 33.6% of the phenotypic variation in leaf rust response, whereas the QTL on 2DS, 7AL, and 7DS explained up to 15.7, 8.1, and 34.2%, respectively. Seedling infection type tests conducted with P. triticina races BBBD and SBDG confirmed that the QTL on 2BS and 2DS were Lr16 and Lr2a, respectively, and these genes were expressed in the seedling and field plot tests. The Lr2a gene mapped at the same location as Sr6. The QTL on 7DS was Lr34. The QTL on 7AL is a new QTL for leaf rust resistance. The joint effects of all four QTL explained 74% of the total phenotypic variation in leaf rust severity. Analysis of different combinations of QTL showed that the RILs containing all four or three of the QTL had the lowest average leaf rust severity in all five environments. Deployment of these QTL in combination or with other effective genes will lead to successful control of leaf rust.
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Oelke, L. M., and J. A. Kolmer. "Characterization of Leaf Rust Resistance in Hard Red Spring Wheat Cultivars." Plant Disease 88, no. 10 (2004): 1127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.10.1127.

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Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is the most common disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the United States and worldwide. The objective of this study was to characterize seedling and adult plant leaf rust resistance in hard red spring wheat cultivars grown in Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota, and postulate the identity of the seedling leaf rust resistance genes in the cultivars. Twenty-six cultivars, near-isogenic lines of Thatcher wheat that differ for single leaf rust resistance genes, and three wheat cultivars with known leaf rust resistance genes, were tested with 11 different isolates of leaf rust collected from the United States and Canada. The leaf rust infection types produced on seedling plants of the cultivars in greenhouse tests were compared with the infection types produced by the same isolates on the Thatcher near-isogenic lines to postulate which seedling leaf rust resistance genes were present. Seedling leaf rust resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr10, Lr16, Lr21, and Lr24 were postulated to be present in spring wheat cultivars. Seedling genes Lr3, Lr14a, and Lr23 likely were present in some cultivars but could not be clearly identified in this study. Most of the cultivars had some level of adult plant leaf rust resistance, most likely due to Lr34. Cultivars that had seedling resistance genes Lr1, Lr2a, Lr10, or Lr16 had poor to intermediate levels of leaf rust resistance in field plots. Cultivars with combinations of seedling resistance genes Lr16 and Lr24 with additional adult plant resistance were highly resistant to leaf rust.
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Pinto da Silva, Gerarda Beatriz, Camila Martini Zanella, José Antônio Martinelli, et al. "Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Leaf Rust Resistance in Hexaploid Wheat." Phytopathology® 108, no. 12 (2018): 1344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-06-18-0208-rvw.

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Leaf rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina, is a major threat to wheat production in many wheat-growing regions of the world. The introduction of leaf rust resistance genes into elite wheat germplasm is the preferred method of disease control, being environmentally friendly and crucial to sustained wheat production. Consequently, there is considerable value in identifying and characterizing new sources of leaf rust resistance. While many major, qualitative leaf rust resistance genes have been identified in wheat, a growing number of valuable sources of quantitative resistance have been reported. Here we review the progress made in the genetic identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaf rust resistance detected primarily in field analyses, i.e., adult plant resistance. Over the past 50 years, leaf rust resistance loci have been assigned to genomic locations through chromosome analyses and genetic mapping in biparental mapping populations, studies that represent 79 different wheat leaf rust resistance donor lines. In addition, seven association mapping studies have identified adult plant and seedling leaf rust resistance marker trait associations in over 4,000 wheat genotypes. Adult plant leaf rust resistance QTL have been found on all 21 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat, with the B genome carrying the greatest number of QTL. The group 2 chromosomes are also particularly rich in leaf rust resistance QTL. The A genome has the lowest number of QTL for leaf rust resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Gál, M., L. Szunics, G. Vida, Lu Szunics, O. Veisz, and Z. Bedő. "Efficiency of leaf rust resistance genes in Martonvásár." Plant Protection Science 38, SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002 (2017): 593–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10564-pps.

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The efficiency of leaf rust resistance genes in adult plants was studied on near-isogenic lines of Thatcher carrying known leaf rust resistance genes in the artificially inoculated leaf rust nursery of the Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in Martonvásár over a five-year period (1997–2001). Eight of the wheat lines tested (Lr9, Lr19, Lr23, Lr24, Lr25, Lr29, Lr35, Lr37) exhibited little or no infection. Lines carrying genes Lr13, Lr44 and LrB were resistant in two years and those carrying Lr34, Lr38 and LrW in three years, after which they suffered moderate or heavy infection. Three lines (Lr12, Lr17, Lr32) proved to be moderately resistant. The majority of the wheat lines tested became heavily infected.
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Dyck, P. L. "Inheritance of leaf rust and stem rust resistance in 'Roblin' wheat." Genome 36, no. 2 (1993): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-040.

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The Canadian common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar 'Roblin' is resistant to both leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn.). To study the genetics of this resistance, 'Roblin' was crossed with 'Thatcher', a leaf rust susceptible cultivar, and RL6071, a stem rust susceptible line. A set of F6 random lines was developed from each cross. The random lines and the parents were grown in a field rust nursery artificially inoculated with a mixture of P. recondita and P. graminis isolates and scored for rust reaction. The same material was tested with specific races of leaf rust and stem rust. These data indicated that 'Roblin' has Lr1, Lr10, Lr13, and Lr34 for resistance to P. recondita and Sr5, Sr9b, Sr11, and possibly Sr7a and Sr12 for resistance to P. graminis. In a 'Thatcher' background, the presence of Lr34 contributes to improve stem rust resistance, which appears also to occur in 'Roblin'.Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat, leaf rust resistance, stem rust resistance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Leaf rust"

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Kertho, Albert Okaba. "Evaluation of Winter Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Stripe Rust and Leaf Rust." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27571.

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Wheat leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), and wheat stripe rust caused by P. striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) are important foliar diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Breeding for disease resistance is the preferred strategy of managing both diseases. The continued emergence of new races of Pt and Pst requires a constant search for new sources of resistance. Winter wheat accessions were evaluated at seedling stage in the greenhouse with races of Pt and Pst that are predominant in the North Central US. Association mapping approach was performed on landrace accessions to identify new or underutilized sources of resistance to Pt and Pst. The majority of the accessions were susceptible to all the five races of Pt and one race of Pst. Association mapping studies identified 29 and two SNP markers associated with seedling resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust, respectively.
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Kandiah, Pakeerathan. "Characterisation and molecular mapping of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in wheat." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16915.

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This investigation was carried out for the characterisation and chromosomal locations of resistance to rust diseases in common wheat and durum wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. A new seedling stripe rust resistance gene (tentatively named YrAW10) was identified in common wheat landrace Aus27696. This gene is effective against both pre-2002 and post-2002 Australian Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) pathotypes. YrAW10 was located in 3BL-A02-FL-0.22 deletion bin of chromosome 3B and was flanked by SNP markers KASP_13376 and KASP_8775. Yr29/Lr46-linked marker SNPLr46G22 indicated the presence of this gene in Aus27696. The presence of Lr16 was confirmed on the basis of infection type produced by Aus91433 and controls (Thatcher + Lr16 and Exchange) against Puccinia triticina (Pt) pathotype 104-1,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,12+Lr37 and linked marker location in the short arm of chromosome 2B. Lr16 was not effective against the Pt pathotypes used in field study. Genotype C16.14 was proved to carry at least two adult plant resistance (APR) genes located on chromosomes 1D and 3B through iSelect 90K SNP based selective genotyping of C16.14/Aus91433 RILs. The chromosome 3B located resistance was proved to be Lr74 through genotyping of markers closely linked with this gene. In addition to Yr29/Lr46, two other consistent QTL for stripe resistance were detected in Arrivato/Bansi RIL population through DArTseq mapping. QYr.sun-1BS.1 corresponded to Yr24 and QYr.sun-1BS.2 was temporarily named YrAr. Both of these genes produced intermediate responses when present alone. Two QTL located on different linkage groups of chromosome 2B were identified in addition to Lr46/Yr29. QLr.sun-2B.1 appeared to be either a new gene or an allele of Lr16. Aus27506 was shown to carry QLr.sun-2D in addition to Lr46 and QLr.sun-2B was contributed by Aus27229 in Aus27506/Aus27229 population. QLr.sun-2D and QLr.sun-2B appears to be new loci. Comparison of chitin accumulation in the flag leaves with the performance of QTL indicated that combination of two QTL prevent the fungal growth resulting in low disease severity.
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Wondimu, Meseret. "Coffee leaf rust : epidemiology and management in Ethiopia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338806.

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Mammadov, Jafar. "Towards Cloning the Leaf Rust Resistance Gene Rph5." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28704.

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Leaf rust caused by Puccinia hordei is an important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare) in many regions of the world. Yield losses up to 62% have been reported in susceptible cultivars. The Rph5 gene confers resistance to the most prevalent races (8 and 30) of barley leaf rust in the United States. Therefore, the molecular mapping of Rph5 is of great interest. Genetic studies were performed by analysis of 93 and 91 F2 plants derived from the crosses 'Bowman' (rph5) x 'Magnif 102' (Rph5) and 'Moore' (rph5) x Virginia 92-42-46 (Rph5), respectively. Linkage analysis positioned the Rph5 locus to the extreme telomeric region of the short arm of barley chromosome 3H at 0.2 cM proximal to RFLP marker VT1 and 0.5 cM distal from RFLP marker C970 in the Bowman x Magnif 102 population. Synteny between rice chromosome 1 and barley chromosome 3 was employed to saturate the region within the sub-centimorgan region around Rph5 using sequence-tagged site (STS) markers that were developed based on barley expressed sequence tags (ESTs) syntenic to the phage (P1)-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) clones comprising distal region of the rice chromosome 1S. Five rice PAC clones were used as queries to blastn 370,258 barley ESTs. Ninety four non-redundant EST sequences were identified from the EST database and used as templates to design 174 pairs of primer combinations. As a result, 10 EST-based STS markers were incorporated into the 'Bowman' x 'Magnif 102' high-resolution map of the Rph5 region. More importantly, six markers, including five EST-derived STS sequences, co-segregate with Rph5. Genes, represented by these markers, are putative candidates for Rph5. Results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of rice genomic resources for efficient deployment of barley EST resources for marker saturation of targeted barley genomic region.<br>Ph. D.
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Zwonitzer, John C. "Identification and mapping of a resistance gene to barley leaf rust(Puccinia hordei G. Otth)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36494.

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<p> Barley leaf rust (<I>Puccinia hordei</I> G. Otth) has been the cause of numerous and often devastating disease epidemics since the beginning of agriculture. Leaf rust is one of the most important diseases that affect barley (<I>Hordeum vulgare</I> L.) throughout the world. The pathogen <I>Puccinia hordei</I> is an obligate parasite. Symptoms of barley leaf rust may range from small chlorotic flecks to large pustules containing spores. Leaf rust epidemics reduce yields and grain quality.</p> <p>Deployment of resistant cultivars is one of the most effective and economical means of controlling barley leaf rust. Identification and incorporation of new and effective sources of resistance are crucial to the success of barley breeding programs. Two types of resistance have been identified. They are race-specific resistance and partial resistance. A hypersensitive reaction by the host to infection of <I>P. hordei</I> isolates lacking corresponding virulence genes is indicative of race-specific resistance that is controlled by major genes. Sixteen race-specific genes (R<I>ph</I>1 to R<I>ph</I>16) have been identified. Partial resistance is generally polygenic and is often more durable that race-specific resistance.</p> <p>The purpose of this research is to determine the inheritance of resistance to leaf rust in the barley experimental line VA 92-42-46, to identify the gene(s) conferring resistance, identify putative resistance related markers, and to map the gene(s) to one or more barley chromosomes using molecular markers. The Virginia barley line 92-42-46 was selected for this research project because it possesses resistance to <I>P. hordei</I> race 30, which has overcome resistance conferred by R<I>ph</I>7. Crosses were made between VA 92-42-46 and Moore, a susceptible cultivar to leaf rust. Inheritance studies were performed by screening F<sub>2</sub> progeny and F<sub>2:3</sub> families against race 8 and race 30 to determine the number of leaf rust resistance genes in VA 92-42-46. Allelism tests were performed to determine gene identity. A single dominant gene at the R<I>ph</I>5 locus or a tightly linked gene confers the resistance to P. hordei in VA 92-42-46. </p> <p>Two populations, 'Moore' X VA 92-42-46 and 'Bowman' X 'Magnif', were used in this study for mapping molecular markers to provide comparison and confirmation of results. 'Magnif' possesses the resistance gene R<I>ph</I>5. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify polymorphic RFLP and SSR markers that were used for mapping in each population. Linkage analysis revealed that the R<I>ph</I>5 gene maps to barley chromosome 3 (3H) above the centromeric region in the 'Moore' X VA 92-42-46 population. These findings agree with previous research that identified linkage between R<I>ph</I>5 and R<I>ph</I>7 on chromosome 3. The results obtained in this study do not support previous research that had reported the resistance gene R<I>ph</I>5 was located on barley chromosome 7 (5H). Further research should be conducted to verify the results of this study using the 'Bowman' X 'Magnif' population. The markers screened in the region above the centromere region of barley chromosome 3 were monomorphic for the 'Bowman' X 'Magnif' population except for the marker MWG561. Therefore, additional markers above the centromere of barley chromosome 3 should be screened.</p><br>Master of Science
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Grabow, Bethany. "Environmental conditions associated with stripe rust and leaf rust epidemics in Kansas winter wheat." Diss., Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32835.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Department of Plant Pathology<br>Erick D. DeWolf<br>Stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) and leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina) are the top two diseases of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) with a 20-year average yield loss of 4.9% in Kansas. Due to the significant yield losses caused by these diseases, the overall objective of this research was to identify environmental variables that favor stripe and leaf rust epidemics. The first objective was to verify the environmental conditions that favor P. triticina infections in an outdoor field environment. Wheat was inoculated with P. triticina and exposed to ambient weather conditions for 16 hours. Number of hours with temperature between 5 to 25°C and relative humidity >87% were highly correlated and predicted leaf rust infections with 89% accuracy. The results of this outdoor assay were used to develop variables to evaluate the association of environment with regional leaf rust epidemics. Before regional disease models can be developed for a forecast system, suitable predictors need to be identified. Objectives two and three of this research were to identify environmental variables associated with leaf rust and stripe rust epidemics and to evaluate these predictors in models. Mean yield loss on susceptible varieties was estimated for nine Kansas crop reporting districts (CRD’s). Monthly environmental variables were evaluated for association with stripe rust epidemics (>1% yield loss), leaf rust epidemics (>1% yield loss), severe stripe rust epidemics (>14% yield loss) and severe leaf rust epidemics (>7% yield loss) at the CRD scale. Stripe rust and leaf rust epidemics were both strongly associated with soil moisture conditions; however, the timing differed between these diseases. Stripe rust epidemics were associated with soil moisture in fall and winter, and leaf rust epidemics during winter and spring. Severe stripe rust and leaf rust epidemics were associated with favorable temperature (7 to 12°C) and temperature (15 to 20°C) with relative humidity (>87%) or precipitation in May using tree-based methods of classification, respectively. The preliminary models developed in this research could be coupled with disease observations and varietal resistance information to advise growers about the need for foliar fungicides against these rusts in Kansas winter wheat.
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Nsabiyera, Vallence. "Genetic analysis and development of molecular markers linked with rust resistance in wheat." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17847.

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The main aim of this study was to develop closely linked markers for rust resistance genes Lr48, Lr49 and Sr48. In addition, mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance in a landrace Aus27284 was also performed. Close SNP-Lr48 associations were identified using the iSelect 90K Infinium Array. Five SNP markers co-segregated with Lr48 and IWB70147 mapped 0.3 cM proximal. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assays were developed for linked SNP. In contrast, the KASP markers developed from the iSelect 90K Infinium SNP array for Lr49 did not result in close marker-trait association. Sequence comparison of flow sorted chromosome 4B from parents VL404 (Lr49) and WL711 (lr49) resulted in close association of sunKASP_21 (0.4 cM) with Lr49. The Arina/Cezanne RIL population was used to develop markers linked with Sr48 using the DArTseq platform and the iSelect 90K Infinium SNP Array. DArTseq based linkage map located Sr48 on the short arm of chromosome 2D. Marker sun590 derived from a DArTseq marker mapped 0.4 cM distal to Sr48. Sr48 was earlier mapped in the long arm of chromosome 2A in the Arina/Forno RIL population based on repulsion linkage with Yr1. The detection of 2AL-2DS translocation in Forno through genomic in-situ hybridisation (GISH) appears to have resulted in pseudo-linkage to locate Sr48 in chromosome 2AL. Aus27284 was susceptible to stripe rust at the seedling stage and exhibited resistance in field experiments. Genetic analysis showed monogenic segregation and the resistance gene was temporarily designated YrAW11. YrAW11 was located on chromosome 3BS near the centromere and KASP¬_65624/KASP_58449 and KASP_53113 flanked this locus. The closely linked markers identified in this study were tested on a set of Australian and Nordic wheat genotypes to validate their suitability for marker assisted selection (MAS). The results indicated that IWB70147, sunKASP_21, sun590 and KASP-53113 can be used for MAS of Lr48, Lr49, Sr48 and YrAW11, respectively.
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So, Yoon-Sup. "Corn leaf aphid and polysora rust resistance in tropical maize." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7012.

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This research includes two separate studies both of which incorporated generation mean analyses to interpret genetically the resistance to com leaf aphid and polysora rust in tropical maize. The first study focused on resistance to corn leaf aphid in tropical sweet corn inbred Hi38-71. An inoculation technique using hair-pin clip cages and infestation quantification method using digital image analysis were developed for this study. During the study, a heavy natural infestation of com leaf aphids occurred in a seed production nursery. Yield loss by ranged from 38.9% to 98.8%, with an average loss of 71.7%. The clip-cage method was effective in distinguishing resistant and susceptible plants under field conditions. Resistance to com leaf aphid from Hi38-71 appeared to be monogenic and recessive. Aphid reproduction and population growth were measured on four different genotypes of varying aphid tolerance. Aphids on Hi38-71 had poorest performance over all aspects of growth and reproduction examined. Difference in number of progenies produced and days to 50% mortality appeared to account for most of the difference observed in the genetic study. The second study estimated genetic parameters for polysora rust resistance in Hi38-71. Hi38-71 exhibited moderately high resistance to polysora rust as well as resistance to com leaf aphid. Generation mean analysis showed that epistatic interactions of [aa] and [dd] along with simple dominance and additive gene effects were involved in controlling resistance in Hi38-71 to polysora rust. It is concluded that polysora resistance breeding cannot be based on selection of a single parent but a hybrid-breeding or reciprocal recurrent selection approach appears justified. The tropical sweet corn inbred, Hi38-71 is a sib line of Hi38 which was bred from a bt-1 conversion of AA8sh2. AA8sh2 was studied for its resistance to corn leaf aphid in 1970's in Hawaii and was converted to common rust resistance, Rd1-D which broke down due to evolved racial variation of the pathogen. Hi38-71 is thus of particular value in sweet corn breeding for tropical regions. This is due not only to its resistance to corn leaf aphid and polysora, but to its high sweet corn qualities and generally good combining abilities.<br>xiii, 86 leaves
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Smith, Lauren M. "Mapping of drought tolerance and leaf rust resistance in wheat." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/799.

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DAKOURI, ABDULSALAM. "Genetic analysis of leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 in wheat." SpringerLink, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/13236.

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Effective at the adult plant stage, Lr34 is the most important resistance gene to leaf rust. Usage of closely linked molecular markers is the best strategy to facilitate the incorporation of economically important genes in an adapted plant germplasm. Ten novel molecular markers spanning the Lr34 locus were developed, including six microsatellites (cam), one insertion site-based polymorphism (caISBP), two single nucleotide polymorphisms (caSNP) and one indel marker (caIND). Marker caIND11 is the best diagnostic marker for marker assisted selection of Lr34. Two novel haplotypes of Lr34 were discovered in the germplasm. Analysis of these markers on five segregating populations revealed a recombination between caSNP4 and cam8 which provided further support for the identity of the ABC transporter as Lr34. Using Lr34-specific markers, the world collection (WC) was divided into five major haplotypes (H) of which H1 was consistently associated with the resistance phenotype Lr34+. SNP12-C is the functional unit of Lr34. Maximum parsimony network and other observations revealed that H4, an Lr34- haplotype, was probably the most ancient haplotype and H1 the most recent and that it likely arose after the advent of hexaploid wheat. Analysis of geographical distribution showed that H1 was at a high frequency in the Asian germplasm while H4 was more frequent in the European germplasm. Lr34, a gain of function mutation, was hypothesized to have originated in Asia. The (WC) was characterized for seedling and adult plant resistance using gene specific markers and gene postulation. Fourteen seedling genes were determined or postulated in the collection. Lr1, Lr10, Lr3 and Lr20 were the most highly represented genes while Lr9, Lr14b, Lr3ka and/or Lr30 and Lr26 were rare. The WC was evaluated for field resistance. The rust rating in the field ranged from nearly immune (1R) to highly susceptible (84S). Most Lr34 containing accessions had maximum rust severity (MRS) of 35%. The high levels of resistance in some accessions are likely the result of synergy between APR genes or between APR and seedling genes. Accessions that were highly resistant should be considered potential sources of resistance for future wheat breeding program to improve leaf rust resistance.
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Books on the topic "Leaf rust"

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North Central Forest Experiment Station (Saint Paul, Minn.), ed. How to identify leaf rust of poplar and larch. North Central Forest Experiment Station, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1988.

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1922-, Simmonds N. W., Rajaram S, and International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center., eds. Breeding strategies for resistance to the rusts of wheat. Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo, 1988.

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Ingelbrecht, Ivan L. W., Maria do Céu Lavado da Silva, and Joanna Jankowicz-Cieslak, eds. Mutation Breeding in Coffee with Special Reference to Leaf Rust. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67273-0.

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P, Subrahmanyam, and International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics., eds. Screening methods and sources of resistance to rust and late leaf spot of groundnut. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics, 1995.

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Marasas, C. N. The economic impact in developing countries of leaf rust resistance breeding in CIMMYT-related spring bread wheat. CIMMYT, 2004.

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W, Johnson David. A survey for Melampsora leaf rusts along the Colorado front range. Renewable Resources, Rocky Mountain Region, USDA Forest Service, 1995.

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Chirca, Cristian. Post-imperium, ideea rusă a secolului al XXI-lea. Editura Universităţii din Bucureşti, 2018.

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Lungu, Eugen. Federația Rusă și echilibrul de putere în secolul al XXI-lea: The Russian Federation and the balance of power in the 21st century. Editura Militară, 2019.

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Green, Katie Willmarth. Like a leaf upon the current cast: An intimate history of Shady Flat, neighboring gold rush landmarks & pioneer families along the north fork of the Yuba River between Downieville & Sierra City, California. K.W. Green, 2001.

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Scott, Randolph Bruce. Control of stripe rust and leaf rust of wheat in Washington with foliar applications and seed treatments of sterol-inhibiting fungicides. 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Leaf rust"

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Gupta, A. K., and R. G. Saini. "Leaf Rust Resistance in Wheat." In Durability of Disease Resistance. Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2004-3_25.

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Várzea, Vítor, Ana Paula Pereira, and Maria do Céu Lavado da Silva. "Screening for Resistance to Coffee Leaf Rust." In Mutation Breeding in Coffee with Special Reference to Leaf Rust. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67273-0_15.

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AbstractCoffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by Hemileia vastatrix (Hv), is one of the main limiting factors of Arabica coffee production worldwide. Breeding for rust resistance is the most appropriate and sustainable strategy to control CLR. The characterization of coffee resistance to Hv, initiated in the 1930s in India, expanded with the creation of Coffee Rusts Research Center (CIFC) in 1955, in Portugal. Since then, the screening of coffee resistance to Hv races, from different geographical origins, has been carried out assisting breeding programmes of coffee growing countries and originating over 90% of the resistant varieties cultivated worldwide. However, the high adaptability of Hv has resulted in the gradual loss of resistance of some varieties. Thus, the characterization of new sources of resistance is crucial, also to face the recent epidemic resurgence of CLR across Latin America and the Caribbean.Here, we provide a protocol for the screening of coffee resistance to Hv using different methods of inoculation on attached and detached leaves and on leaf disks. Information on environmental and pathogenicity factors that may affect the assessment of coffee resistance is also presented. This protocol allows the characterization of rust resistance on coffee mutants at laboratories, greenhouses, and field conditions.
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Qureshi, Naeela, Blanca Minerva Gonzalez, Hedilberto Velazquez-Miranda, and Sridhar Bhavani. "Field Phenotyping of Wheat Leaf Rust and Stem Rust." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4378-5_12.

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Guerra-Guimarães, Leonor, Inês Diniz, Helena Gil Azinheira, et al. "Coffee Leaf Rust Resistance: An Overview." In Mutation Breeding in Coffee with Special Reference to Leaf Rust. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67273-0_2.

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AbstractCoffee is one of the most important cash crops and beverages. Several diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses can affect coffee plantations and compromise production. Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix is the top fungal disease, representing a permanent threat to sustainable Arabica coffee production for more than a century. This review provides a comprehensive survey of the most common coffee diseases, their importance, and geographic distribution, with an emphasis on coffee leaf rust. Summing up the progress obtained so far from different research fields on the coffee–H. vastatrix interaction, we revisited the pathogen genetic diversity and population dynamics, and the complex mechanisms underlying plant resistance/immunity. We also highlight how new advanced technologies can provide avenues for a deeper understanding of this pathosystem, which is crucial for devising more reliable and long-term strategies for disease control.
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Rojas-Chacón, José Andrés, Fabián Echeverría-Beirute, and Andrés Gatica-Arias. "Evaluation of Coffee (Coffea arabica L. var. Catuaí) Tolerance to Leaf Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) Using Inoculation of Leaf Discs Under Controlled Conditions." In Mutation Breeding in Coffee with Special Reference to Leaf Rust. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67273-0_17.

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AbstractCoffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix, is considered one of the most devastating diseases of Arabica coffee. The use of leaf rust resistant or tolerant coffee varieties is a critical component for effective management of this disease at the farm level. Conventional breeding of Arabica coffee for leaf rust resistance requires many years of breeding and field-testing. Induced mutagenesis is an effective tool to increase genetic variability and generate new alleles with potential benefit for addressing abiotic and biotic stresses such as leaf rust in Arabica coffee. Efficient screening methods are required to evaluate coffee germplasm or mutant populations for resistance to H. vastatrix. Here, we present a screening method that uses inoculation of leaf discs in a controlled environment. The method was evaluated using M1V1 and M2 plants derived from chemically mutagenized Arabica coffee cell suspensions. In this method, the first rust symptoms appear on the leaf discs approximately 29 days after inoculation while the disease severity and incidence can be scored about 47 days after inoculation. Our results show that the methodology is simple, efficient and suitable to rapidly screen large mutant populations in a small area.
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Hakulinen, J. "Comparison of Willow Leaf Rust Quantification Methods." In Developments in Plant Pathology. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0043-1_110.

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He, Xinyao, Navin C. Gahtyari, Chandan Roy, Abdelfattah A. Dababat, Gurcharn Singh Brar, and Pawan Kumar Singh. "Globally Important Non-rust Diseases of Wheat." In Wheat Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90673-3_9.

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AbstractWhile the three rusts are the most predominant wheat diseases in the global scale, various other diseases dominate in different geographical regions. In this chapter, some major non-rust diseases of wheat with global and/or regional economic importance are addressed, including three spike diseases (Fusarium head blight, wheat blast, and Karnal bunt), four leaf spotting diseases (tan spot, Septoria nodorum blotch, spot blotch, and Septoria tritici blotch), and several root diseases.
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Gill, Jujhar Singh, Prabhjot Singh Chahal, Naveen Kumar, Bharat Yadav, and Gurcharn Singh Brar. "Field Phenotyping of Wheat Stripe Rust and Leaf Tip Necrosis Associated with Rust Resistance Genes." In Methods in Molecular Biology. Springer US, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4378-5_14.

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McIntosh, R. A., C. R. Wellings, and R. F. Park. "The Genes for Resistance to Leaf Rust in Wheat and Triticale." In Wheat Rusts. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0083-0_2.

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Bakshi, Suman, Johar Singh, and Sanjay J. Jambhulkar. "Isolation and characterization of yellow rust resistant mutants in wheat." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0010.

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Abstract Stripe rust, also known as yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a major threat to wheat production leading to yield losses up to 84%. Due to climate change, new races of the yellow rust pathogen are appearing for which no durable source of resistance has been observed in the present high-yielding varieties. A mutation breeding programme was initiated in two popular varieties, namely PBW343 and HD2967, using gamma-ray and electron beam irradiation. Gamma-ray doses of 250, 300 and 350 Gy and electron beam doses of 150, 200 and 250 Gy were used for seed irradiation. The M<sub>2</sub> population was screened in the field from seedling to adult plant stage by spraying a mixture of urediniospores of Pst pathotypes. Disease severity was recorded as the percentage of leaf area covered by the rust pathogen following a modified Cobb's scale. A total of 52 putative yellow rust resistant mutants in HD2967 and 63 in PBW343 were isolated. The number of mutants was higher in the electron beam irradiated population compared with gamma-rays. The absence of sporulation and spore production of the rust pathogen on the mutants indicated resistance. Mutant plants showing seedling resistance also showed resistance at adult plant stage. Seed yield and its contributing characters were better in the mutants compared with the parents. These rust resistant mutants could be novel sources of stripe rust or yellow rust resistance. The plant-to-row progenies of these mutants were confirmed and characterized in the M<sub>3</sub> generation.
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Conference papers on the topic "Leaf rust"

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Tuli, Ishaan Simran, Deepak Kumar, and Abhiraj Malhotra. "Novel YOLACT-Based Single Shot Detector for Wheat Leaf Rust Disease Identification." In 2024 International Conference on Cybernation and Computation (CYBERCOM). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/cybercom63683.2024.10803248.

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Sharma, Jatin, Rupesh Gupta, Mukesh Kumar, and Ruchira Rawat. "A Deep Learning Approach to Bean Leaf Disease Classification: Evaluating ResNet152V2 Performance on Angular Leaf Spot and Bean Rust." In 2024 4th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Intelligent Information Systems (ICUIS). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuis64676.2024.10866330.

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Rao, Chilaka, Santi Kumari Behera, and Prabira Kumar Sethy. "Small CNN Architectures for Wheat Leaf Rust Detection: A MobileNetV2 and ShuffleNet Approach with SVM." In 2024 8th International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-smac61858.2024.10714622.

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Werku, Kebad Nigussie, Ibrahim Gashaw Kassa, Abinet Bizuayehu Desta, Dessalegn Melkie Ayal, Mesenbet Abewa Bimrew, and Misganaw Ketema Ayele. "Classification of Angular Leaf Spot, Bean Rust Diseases in Haricot Bean Leaves using CNN and Transfer Learning." In 2024 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa (ICT4DA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ict4da62874.2024.10777237.

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Kim, Sangwon, Siwoo Eum, Minho Song, and Hwajeong Seo. "LEA Block Cipher in Rust Language: Trade-off between Memory Safety and Performance." In 2024 International Conference on Platform Technology and Service (PlatCon). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/platcon63925.2024.10830717.

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Moore, Mark A., Abdullah I. Mahrous, Paul Frazer, and Sulaiman Al-Jutaily. "Development of Pretreatments for Cooling Water Systems." In CORROSION 2000. NACE International, 2000. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2000-00438.

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Abstract When first installed, cooling water systems contain contaminants associated with fabrication, such as grease, dirt, debris and mill scale. Without an effective clean-up procedure the presence of dirt can lead to the early onset of corrosion, as inhibitors are unable to form protective films on a surface contaminated with grease or rust. This study investigated several proprietary cleaning and pre-filming procedures to determine which produced protective, passive films prior to the commissioning of new plants. The main conclusions from this study are: Alkaline degreasing produces the cleanest surface.Alkaline degreasing agents should not be used if the system contains copper alloys.Acidic cleaner is the most efficient rust remover.The best passivation and corrosion control was given by a phosphate/polymer treatment.
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Raman, A., and S. Nasrazadani. "Corrosion Problems in Some Louisiana Bridges and Suggested Remedies." In CORROSION 1989. NACE International, 1989. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1989-89165.

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Abstract Two of the important corrosion problems encountered in coastal area bridges in the state of Louisiana, the pitting and packing corrosion, are analyzed. The pack rust obtained from an old carbon steel bridge structure analyzes mostly as magnetite, Fe3O4, with some α-FeOOH being present in some areas. Progression of pack rusting in already corroded and packed areas can be slowed down and prevented by the application of chemical conversion-type inhibitor solutions. Suitable methods are suggested. Pitting in weathering steel structures is more numerous in horizontal boxed-locations, where excessive amounts of rust debris and condensates collect and lead to sheet-type rusting. These can also be prevented by periodic cleaning and application of conversion coating-type chemicals.
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Hock, Vincent, Kent W. Smothers, and Jeremy L. Overman. "Evaluation of In-Situ Pipe Coating Process for Mitigation of Lead and Copper in Drinking Water." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03107.

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Abstract A new potable Medical Facility and cooling water supply experienced corrosion in the drinking water supply distribution system. The most serious form of corrosion (iron corrosion) occurred in the unlined steel main to the Medical Facility. The result was that water from most any fixture in the new building had some degree of red (rust) color to it. Despite efforts to prevent corrosion by adding a zinc phosphate corrosion inhibitor, some corrosion persisted because of low flow in portions of the system and the aggressive water supply. There was no need to replace any of the existing steel piping, as corrosion of the existing steel piping was minimal. However, the corrosion required immediate action. The chosen solution for preventing additional corrosion in the potable water steel main and cooling water supply was to apply an epoxy coating on the water side surfaces of the steel piping. The epoxy coating formed a protective barrier to prevent the water from contacting the steel surface.
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Fenwick, John, Sean Fenwick, and Jakub Hajek. "Rust Preventatives: Influence of Novel Engineered Desiccant on Corrosion Levels Seen in Transcontinental Packaging Systems." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01581.

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Abstract The control of relative humidity by the use of traditional desiccants such as calcium chloride, silica gel, clay etc., is limited by the saturation point of the material and the effects of cyclic drying at higher temperatures and re-absorption of vapor closer to the saturated state. While packaging can be designed to keep as much moisture out as possible, the use of an improved desiccant can be a vital tool to control the corrosion effects of existing moisture in a closed atmosphere. Using extensive testing methods which simulate the cyclic nature of temperatures and humidity that are involved in transcontinental shipping, it was shown that the use of this novel engineered desiccant drastically decreases the level of corrosion present in the closed system by dramatically increased levels of absorption. It is expected therefore that the use of this product in place of conventional desiccants will lead to far greater efficacy in combating corrosion and will be much easier to use with properly-engineered, conventional shipment packaging without resorting to the use of expensive and specialist packaging.
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Raman, A., S. Nasrazadani, and L. Sharma. "Rusting Characteristics of Weathering Steels I) Results from Various Accelerated Laboratory Corrosion Tests." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87425.

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Abstract ASTM A588 weathering steel, Grade A (two varieties) and B, as well as ASTM A36 structural steel were exposed in three different accelerated laboratory corrosion tests including exposure to wet-dry cycling and salt- fog conditions and the rusting characteristics and kinetics of weight loss were studied for 2200 cycles, equivalent to six years of atmospheric exposure. An acceleration factor of 50 applied did not lead to distortion of results. The average equivalent thickness loss was about 35 to 55 mpy in the salt-fog test, 1 to 1.5 mpy in the simulated, accelerated sheltered location atmospheric exposure test and 0.2 to 0.5 mpy in the accelerated bold location atmospheric exposure simulation test. These values match well with the data obtained from field coupons. Tannic acid treatment was found to provide the best corrosion resistance in wet-dry cyclic tests, whereas double surface treatment with tannic acid and phosphoric acid solutions provided for the best corrosion resistance in the salt-fog test. Magnetite formed in the salt-fog test and got converted to γ-Fe2O3.H2O and/or ∝-FeOOH.∝- FeOOH was the most stable phase in the wet-dry cycling test without rain simulation at slightly elevated temparatures, whereas more of the amorphous rust was stabilized due to the action of simulated rain. The characteristics of the rust phases formed in the various tests are discussed.
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Reports on the topic "Leaf rust"

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Van Arsdel, Eugene P., and Brian W. Geils. The Ribes of Colorado and New Mexico and Their Rust Fungi. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fhtet-04-13.

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This document is a guide to the Ribes of Colorado and New Mexico and the rust fungi which infect them. Information is presented for 15 species of Ribes with diagnostic, vegetative features and notes on their geographic and ecological distribution. The guide is intended as a field aid in evaluating sites for blister rust hazard to white pine from associated ribes. Leaf rusts found on ribes are also described as a means for distinguishing them from white pine blister rust. The significance of each species to forest management is discussed.
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Minz-Dub, A., G. J. Muehlbauer, E. Millet, and A. Sharon. ing and characterization of a novel leaf rust and stripe rust resistance gene from Sharon goatgrass. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134171.bard.

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Each year, significant global wheat yield loss occurs due to diseases that affect yield quantity or quality. Breeding for resistance has been the best economic and environmentally safe approach to control wheat diseases, however many disease resistance (R) genes succumbed to the pathogens and are no longer effective. Hence, new sources of resistance are necessary to boost the wheat gene pool. The main source for such genes are species of wheat wild relatives in the secondary gene pool that contain an unexploited reservoir of novel R genes. Sharon goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis Eig) is a wild diploid relative of wheat (genome SshS sh). It is native to the coastal plain of Israel, growing mostly on stabilized dunes, and is highly resistant to rust pathogens. Previously, we introgressed a leaf and stripe rust resistance locus from Ae. sharonensis into bread wheat using chromosome engineering (Millet et al., 2014). We mapped the alien region to the short arm of chromosome six using genotyping by sequencing, identified SNPs, and used them to generate diagnostic markers (Khazan et al., 2020).
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Steffenson, B. J., I. Mayrose, Gary J. Muehlbauer, and A. Sharon. ing and comparative sequence analysis of powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance gene complements in wild barley. United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134173.bard.

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Our overall, long-term goal is to exploit the genetic diversity present in cereal wild relatives for the development of cultivars with durable disease resistance. Our specific objectives for this proposal were to: 1) Utilize Association Genetics Resistance Gene Enrichment Sequencing (AgRenSeq) to identify and clone powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance gene complements in wild barley and 2) Conduct comparative sequence analyses of the cloned resistance genes to elucidate the basis of their specificity and evolution. The deployment of resistant cultivars is the most effective, economically efficient, and environmentally sound means of controlling plant diseases, especially in small grain cereals. The systems selected for study in this proposal are barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare, Hvv), its wild progenitor (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, Hvs) and the powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, Bgs) and leaf rust (Puccinia hordei, Ph) pathogens. We compiled a diverse panel of Hvs accessions (the Wild Barley Diversity Collection or WBDC; N = 314) from across its native range and evaluated it to 40 isolates of Bgs and 12 isolates of Ph. We obtained genomic DNA sequences enriched for Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine Rich Repeat (NLR) type resistance genes for 203 WBDC accessions, plus cultivar Morex for which the first reference genome sequence of barley was based. We assembled the 250 bp Illumina sequencing reads into contigs using CLC assembly cell. From this effort, we successfully assembled the sequences of 201 WBDC accessions plus Morex and used NLR Parser to identify contigs containing NLR genes. AgRenSeq was then used to identify k-mers (short oligonucleotide sequences of length k) that were associated with resistance to each isolate of the two pathogens. This analysis was performed individually for all WBDC accessions and each individual pathogen race (9,898 host accession x pathogen race combinations). We visualized the results from these analyses in Manhattan plots and identified 311 and 144 peaks for powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance, respectively. The next step in the analysis was to identify the contigs associated with the peaks in the Manhattan plots. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) searches were employed to identify closely related contigs in other WBDC accessions or in Morex. We identified two candidate R genes that were only present in resistant WBDC accessions. One of these was present in seven WBDC lines and was associated with resistance to four leaf rust isolates. BLAST analysis of this gene revealed that it was Rph15, one of the most widely effective leaf rust resistance genes reported in Hordeum. This gene was cloned and functionally validated in association with our Australian colleagues (Cheng et al., 2021). We are currently in the process of cloning six of other resistance genes: four for powdery mildew and two for leaf rust. As the contigs do not contain much of the promoter sequences, we have employed a genome walking approach to identify 2,500 bp of promoter sequence. To speed up and simplify the cloning of resistance genes from the WBDC, the PI established the International Wild Barley Sequencing Consortium (IWBSC; https://iwbsc.umn.edu/) comprised of over 60 researchers from 14 different countries and raised over $150,000 through crowdfunding to pay for 10X depth sequence coverage. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data identified extremely strong and clear signals of association for several resistance genes which will facilitate gene cloning in concert with a wild barley pan-genome currently under construction. The cloning of multiple resistance gene can facilitate the development of durably resistant cultivars by inserting, through transgenesis, cassettes of multiple resistance genes.
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Robertson, Alison, Chad Huffman, and Josh Sievers. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Northern Leaf Blight and Common Rust on Hybrid Corn. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1472.

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Robertson, Alison, Chad Huffman, and Josh Sievers. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Northern Leaf Blight and Common Rust on Hybrid Corn. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1680.

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Robertson, Alison, Josh Sievers, and Chad Huffman. Effectiveness of Foliar Fungicides by Timing on Northern Leaf Blight and Common Rust on Hybrid Corn. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1772.

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Wahl, Izhak, J. G. Moseman, Yehushua Anikster, and R. D. Wilcoxson. Elucidation of Types and Mechanisms of Resistance to the Brown Leaf Rust Disease in Natural Populations of Wild Barley, Hordeum spontaneum c. koch. United States Department of Agriculture, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1988.7598907.bard.

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Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima, and Ann Blechl. Molecular characterization and deployment of the high-temperature adult plant stripe rust resistance gene Yr36 from wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699860.bard.

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Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat. Virulent races that appeared within the last decade caused drastic cuts in yields. The incorporation of genetic resistance against this pathogen is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to this problem. However, race specific seedling resistance genes provide only a temporary solution because fungal populations rapidly evolve to overcome this type of resistance. In contrast, high temperature adult plant (HTAP) resistance genes provide a broad spectrum resistance that is partial and more durable. The cloning of the first wheat HTAP stripe rust resistance gene Yr36 (Science 2009, 323:1357), funded by our previous (2007-2010) BARD grant, provided us for the first time with an entry point for understanding the mechanism of broad spectrum resistance. Two paralogous copies of this gene are tightly linked at the Yr36 locus (WKS1 and WKS2). The main objectives of the current study were to characterize the Yr36 (WKS) resistance mechanism and to identify and characterize alternative WKSgenes in wheat and wild relatives. We report here that the protein coded by Yr36, designated WKS1, that has a novel architecture with a functional kinase and a lipid binding START domain, is localized to chloroplast. Our results suggest that the presence of the START domain may affect the kinase activity. We have found that the WKS1 was over-expressed on leaf necrosis in wheat transgenic plants. When the isolated WKS1.1 splice variant transcript was transformed into susceptible wheat it conferred resistance to stripe rust, but the truncated variant WKS1.2 did not confer resistance. WKS1.1 and WKS1.2 showed different lipid binding profiling. WKS1.1 enters the chloroplast membrane, while WKS1.2 is only attached outside of the chloroplast membrane. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity of the recombinant protein of TmtAPXwas found to be reduced by WKS1.1 protein in vitro. The WKS1.1 mature protein in the chloroplast is able to phosphorylate TmtAPXprotein in vivo. WKS1.1 induced cell death by suppressing APX activity and reducing the ability of the cell to detoxify reactive oxygen. The decrease of APX activity reduces the ability of the plant to detoxify the reactive H2O2 and is the possible mechanism underlying the accelerated cell death observed in the transgenic plants overexpressing WKS1.1 and in the regions surrounding a stripe rust infection in the wheat plants carrying the natural WKS1.1 gene. WKS2 is a nonfunctional paralog of WKS1 in wild emmer wheat, probably due to a retrotransposon insertion close to the alternative splicing site. In some other wild relatives of wheat, such as Aegilops comosa, there is only one copy of this gene, highly similar to WKS2, which is lucking the retrotransposon insertion. WKS2 gene present in wheat and WKS2-Ae from A. showed a different pattern of alternative splice variants, regardless of the presence of the retrotransposon insertion. Susceptible Bobwhite transformed with WKS2-Ae (without retrotansposon insertion in intron10), which derived from Aegilops comosaconferred resistance to stripe rust in wheat. The expression of WKS2-Ae in transgenic plants is up-regulated by temperature and pathogen infection. Combination of WKS1 and WKS2-Ae shows improved stripe rust resistance in WKS1×WKS2-Ae F1 hybrid plants. The obtained results show that WKS1 protein is accelerating programmed cell death observed in the regions surrounding a stripe rust infection in the wheat plants carrying the natural or transgenic WKS1 gene. Furthermore, characterization of the epistatic interactions of Yr36 and Yr18 demonstrated that these two genes have additive effects and can therefore be combined to increase partial resistance to this devastating pathogen of wheat. These achievements may have a broad impact on wheat breeding efforts attempting to protect wheat yields against one of the most devastating wheat pathogen.
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APPLICATION RESEARCH OF V CONTAINING HIGH STRENGTH WEATHERING STEEL IN STEEL STRUCTURE BUILDING. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.090.

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Application research of V containing high strength weathering steel in steel structure building was conducted. The research shows that: adding 0.04% V into weathering steel can lead to grain refinement of ferrite, thereby improving steel performance. Fine polygonal ferrite can make for obvious yield platform, and front cooling method can make V(C, N) precipitation in ferrite fine and dispersive to enhance dislocation pinning, which can further enhance yield effect. In this research V containing weathering steel can realize 500MPa of strength grade, 0.84 of yield ratio, 26.0% of elongation, 3.0% of yield point elongation, 225J of -20℃ impact value (three quarters size). The combination property can satisfy earthquake resistant behavior requirement of steel structure building, and realize replacement of low strength steel for steel structure building, thereby reducing material thickness and weight to realize purchase cost reduction. Cyclical soaking corrosion experiment was conducted, when atmosphere corrosion index of tested steel is around 6.0, the relative corrosion ratio comparing to Q355B is around 40%, which indicates good atmosphere corrosion resistance. In cyclical soaking corrosion experiment, v containing weathering steel for steel structure can realize 5.9g/(m2·h) of 72h average weight loss and 43.4% of relative corrosion ratio, the atmosphere corrosion resistance is good, exposed application of v containing weathering steel for steel structure in industrial atmosphere can obviously reduce rust protection and reduction cost of steel structure building
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