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Journal articles on the topic 'Leakage quantification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 1 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Meland, E., N. F. Thornhill, E. Lunde, and M. Rasmussen. "Quantification of valve leakage rates." AIChE Journal 58, no. 4 (2011): 1181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.12630.

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2

Rutsch, M., J. Rieckermann, and P. Krebs. "Quantification of sewer leakage: a review." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 6-7 (2006): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.616.

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One of the goals of the APUSS project (assessing infiltration and exfiltration on the performance of urban sewer systems) is to assess sewer exfiltration, in order to support cities and operators to define problem-oriented rehabilitation strategies. In this paper, we review various methods currently used for the estimation of exfiltration and discuss data needs and applicability for rehabilitation planning. Although each approach has its individual advantages and drawbacks, we identified pressure tests and tracer methods to have the highest potential for decision support in rehabilitation plan

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3

Hafner, Sasha D., Charlotte Rennuit, Palle J. Olsen, and Johanna M. Pedersen. "Quantification of leakage in batch biogas assays." Water Practice and Technology 13, no. 1 (2018): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2018.012.

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Abstract Avoiding leaks is essential for accurate measurement of biogas production by batch assays. Here we present a simple method for detecting leaks and correcting results, based on the change in bottle mass during incubation. Three experiments were carried out using pure chemicals, wastewater sludge, and other complex substrates to test and demonstrate the method, and leaks were detected in all three. The frequency and magnitude of leakage was related to headspace pressure and the number of times bottle septa had been punctured. Comparison to an independent estimate of leakage in two exper

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Agala, Alaa, Muhammad A. Khan, Feiyang He, and Abdulaaziz Alnuman. "Leakage Quantification in Metallic Pipes under Different Corrosion Exposure Times." Processes 12, no. 7 (2024): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12071529.

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The combined effects of aqueous corrosion, stress factors, and seeded cracks on leakage in cast iron pipes have not been thoroughly examined due to the complexity and difficulty in predicting their interactions. This study seeks to address this gap by investigating the interdependencies between corrosion, stress, and cracks in cast iron pipes to optimise the material selection and design in corrosive environments. Leakage experiments were conducted under simulated localised corrosive conditions and internal pressure, revealing that leakage increased from 0 to 25 mL with crack sizes of 0.5 mm,

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Henders, Sabine, and Madelene Ostwald. "Forest Carbon Leakage Quantification Methods and Their Suitability for Assessing Leakage in REDD." Forests 3, no. 1 (2012): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f3010033.

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6

Zong, Fu Xing, Ai She Shui, and Hui Wang. "Influence Factors Analysis of Oil Depot Valve Internal Leakage Quantitative Inspection Using Acoustic Emission." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1318.

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This paper aims at the oil depot valve internal leakage quantitative inspection using acoustic emission. On the basis of giving the valve internal leakage quantitative model, the main factors which effected quantification of leakage rates are theoretical analyzed and the relative error estimation model is presented. The influence of main factors on the accuracy of leakage quantitative model and the correctness of the relative error estimation model are verified by experiments. Finally, research mentality on how to improve leakage quantitative model is proposed.

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CLARKSON, MICHAEL R., and FRED B. SCHNEIDER. "Quantification of integrity." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 25, no. 2 (2014): 207–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129513000595.

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Three integrity measures are introduced: contamination, channel suppression and program suppression. Contamination is a measure of how much untrusted information reaches trusted outputs; it is the dual of leakage, which is a measure of information-flow confidentiality. Channel suppression is a measure of how much information about inputs to a noisy channel is missing from the channel outputs. And program suppression is a measure of how much information about the correct output of a program is lost because of attacker influence and implementation errors. Program and channel suppression do not h

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8

Gao, Pengfei, Hao Geng, Lijian Yang, and Yuming Su. "Research on the Forward Solving Method of Defect Leakage Signal Based on the Non-Uniform Magnetic Charge Model." Sensors 23, no. 13 (2023): 6221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23136221.

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Pipeline magnetic flux leakage inspection is widely used in the evaluation of material defect detection due to its advantages of having no coupling agent and easy implementation. The quantification of defect size is an important part of magnetic flux leakage testing. Defects of different geometrical dimensions produce signal waveforms with different characteristics after excitation. The key to achieving defect quantification is an accurate description of the relationship between the magnetic leakage signal and the size. In this paper, a calculation model for solving the defect leakage field ba

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9

Dudic, Slobodan, Ivana Ignjatovic, Dragan Seslija, Vladislav Blagojevic, and Miodrag Stojiljkovic. "Leakage quantification of compressed air on pipes using thermovision." Thermal Science 16, suppl. 2 (2012): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci120503191d.

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Nondestructive testing methods are increasingly in use. With these methods it is possible to obtain the desired information about the system, without altering or damaging it in any way. This paper examines the possibilities of applying these methods in the quantification of losses incurred by leaking of compressed air from the system in the terms of increasing energy efficiency of the system. The emphasis is on the application of ultrasound detector and IR (infrared) thermographic camera. The potentials and limitations of these technologies are analyzed for leakage quantification on a steel pi

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10

Kim, Ju-Won, and Seunghee Park. "Magnetic flux leakage–based local damage detection and quantification for steel wire rope non-destructive evaluation." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 29, no. 17 (2017): 3396–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x17721038.

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A magnetic flux leakage method was applied to detect damage when inspecting steel wire rope. A multi-channel magnetic flux leakage sensor head was fabricated using Hall sensors and permanent magnets to adapt to the wire rope. Three types of artificial damage were created on a wire rope specimen. The magnetic flux leakage sensor head scanned the damaged specimen to measure the magnetic flux density while the damage was expanding in three steps. Signal processing processes including the enveloping process based on Hilbert transform were performed to clarify the flux leakage signal due to the dam

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11

Qiu, Huiyang, Rui Hu, Yong Huang, and Willis Gwenzi. "Detection and Quantification of Dam Leakages Based on Tracer Tests: A Field Case Study." Water 14, no. 9 (2022): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14091448.

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Leakage is a common phenomenon in dams, and its early detection is critical for dam safety. In the present study, a new method based on tracer tests is applied to detect and quantify leakage in the Wanyao Dam, Jiangshan City, China. The objective is to detect the leakage zone of a dam wall by combining the natural tracer test and the artificial tracer test. Temperature, electrical well-logging tests with nature tracers, and the artificial tracer test with salt (NaCl) were conducted using 48 and 5 pre-existing boreholes, respectively. Using natural tracer tests, the 48 boreholes are categorized

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12

Prigiobbe, V., and M. Giulianelli. "Quantification of sewer leakage by a continuous tracer method." Water Science and Technology 64, no. 1 (2011): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.639.

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Water authorities interested in the evaluation of the structural state of a sewer must quantify leakage to plan strategic intervention. However, the quantification of the exfiltration and the localisation of structural damage are challenging tasks that usually require expensive and time-consuming inspections. Herein, we report one of the first applications of the QUEST-C method to quantify the exfiltration in a continuously operating sewer by dosing two chemical tracers, sodium bromide (NaBr) and lithium chloride (LiCl). The method was applied at the catchment scale in a 14-year-old sewer in R

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13

Park, Jooyoung, Ju-Won Kim, Byoungjoon Yu, and Seunghee Park. "Magnetic Flux Leakage based Damage Quantification of Steel Bar." Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea 30, no. 1 (2017): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7734/coseik.2017.30.1.63.

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14

Michaïlesco, Pierre M., J. Valcarcel, Andrew R. Grieve, B. Levallois, and Dan Lerner. "Bacterial leakage in endodontics: An improved method for quantification." Journal of Endodontics 22, no. 10 (1996): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0099-2399(96)80013-6.

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15

Hu, Junhui, Eirik Ogner Jåstad, Torjus Folsland Bolkesjø, and Per Kristian Rørstad. "The Quantification and Tracing of Leakage in the Forest Sector in Nordic Countries." Forests 15, no. 2 (2024): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15020254.

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This study examines production leakage in four Nordic countries and its impact on industries and the global market. Using a Forest Sector Model, we analyze the effects of changing the harvest and find the leakage of roundwood harvest to range from 61% to 76% in Norway, 59% to 81% in Sweden, 57% to 89% in Finland, and 59% to 106% in Denmark. Notably, trade with other parts of the world absorbs over 50% of roundwood harvest changes in a Nordic country, with Norway exhibiting distinct trade patterns compared to Finland and Sweden. Compared to prior findings, sawnwood production leakage is smaller

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16

Liu, Wenlong, Lemei Ren, and Guansan Tian. "A Novel Defect Quantification Method Utilizing Multi-Sensor Magnetic Flux Leakage Signal Fusion." Sensors 24, no. 20 (2024): 6623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24206623.

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In the assessment of pipeline integrity using magnetic flux leakage (MFL) detection, it is crucial to quantify defects accurately and efficiently using MFL signals. However, in complex detection environments, traditional defect inversion methods exhibit low quantification accuracy and efficiency due to the complexity of their algorithms or excessive reliance on a priori knowledge and expert experience. To address these issues, this study presents a novel defect quantification method based on multi-sensor signal fusion (MSSF). The method employs a multi-sensor probe to fuse the MFL signals unde

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17

Yoo, Do, Joo Lee, and Bo Lee. "Comparative Study of Hydraulic Simulation Techniques for Water Supply Networks under Earthquake Hazard." Water 11, no. 2 (2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020333.

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Water supply facilities such as waterworks systems are facilities that supply residential and industrial water essential for humans to live and it is essential for these facilities to be prepared for earthquake hazards. In the present study, new hydraulic analysis procedures that can complement problems in existing model were proposed for performance quantification under seismic hazards. Detailed procedures for estimating the serviceability of water supply networks using pressure dependent demand (PDD) and pressure dependent leakage (PDL) techniques were proposed. The developed methodologies c

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18

Jansen, Sanne M., Daniel M. de Bruin, Leah S. Wilk, et al. "Quantitative Fluorescence Imaging of Perfusion—An Algorithm to Predict Anastomotic Leakage." Life 12, no. 2 (2022): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020249.

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This study tests fluorescence imaging-derived quantitative parameters for perfusion evaluation of the gastric tube during surgery and correlates these parameters with patient outcomes in terms of anastomotic leakage. Poor fundus perfusion is seen as a major factor for the development of anastomotic leakage and strictures. Fluorescence perfusion imaging may reduce the incidence of complications. Parameters for the quantification of the fluorescence signal are still lacking. Quantitative parameters in terms of maximal intensity, mean slope and influx timepoint were tested for significant differe

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19

Tulach, Ales, Miroslav Mynarz, and Milada Kozubkova. "Study of Distribution and Quantification of Flammable Gas in Confined Space." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 2097–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.2097.

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The contribution deals with leakage of natural gas from domestic low-pressure piping. Spreading of the leaked natural gas in the confined space is deals with and the areas are defined where local hazardous concentrations are formed. Mathematical CFD models provide broad overview of spreading of natural gas, in dependence on the elapsed time from the start of leakage. The contribution should improve the understanding of spreading and distribution of mixture of gaseous fuels in confined spaces, and thus leads to significant reduction of the risk of occurrence of fire or explosion or to preventio

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20

Zhao, Hanxue, Zhenlin Li, Shenbin Zhu, and Ying Yu. "Valve Internal Leakage Rate Quantification Based on Factor Analysis and Wavelet-BP Neural Network Using Acoustic Emission." Applied Sciences 10, no. 16 (2020): 5544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10165544.

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Valve internal leakage is easily found because of various defects resulting from environmental factors and load fluctuation. The timely detection of valve internal leakage is of great significance to the safe operation of pipelines. As an effective means for detecting valve internal leakage, the acoustic emission technique is characterized by nonintrusive and strong anti-interference ability, which can realize the in situ monitoring of the valve running status in real time. In this paper, acoustic emission signals from an internal leaking valve were obtained experimentally. Then, the dimension

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21

Borowski, Finja, Sebastian Kaule, Jan Oldenburg, Alper Öner, Klaus-Peter Schmitz, and Michael Stiehm. "Quantification of noncircular stent expansion after TAVR into a pathological annulus and its impact on paravalvular leakage." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 2 (2021): 597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2152.

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Abstract Patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) may suffer severe clinical complications, caused by paravalvular leakage (PVL) which is defined as leakage between TAVR and aortic annulus. PVL is often facilitated by a severely calcified annulus. This limits the expansion of a self-expandable TAVR stent. To assess TAVR performance in terms of leakage, measurement of regurgitation fraction in a pathophysiological annulus is recommended according to ISO 5840. For this purpose, a configuration of a circular annulus with a calcification nodule has been proposed in the rec

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22

CAIN, JAMES E., HOWARD G. ROSENTHAL, MICHAEL J. BROOM, EDWARD C. JAUCH, DEBORAH A. BOREK, and RAE R. JACOBS. "Quantification of Leakage Pressures After Durotomy Repairs in the Canine." Spine 15, no. 9 (1990): 969–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199009000-00024.

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23

Shoushtari, Sharif, Arezou Jafari, Hamed Namdar, and Davood Khoozan. "Modeling, qualification, and quantification of hydrogen leakage in multilayered reservoirs." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 91 (November 2024): 636–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.09.328.

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24

Dudić, Slobodan, Ivana Ignjatović, Dragan Šešlija, Vladislav Blagojević, and Miodrag Stojiljković. "Leakage quantification of compressed air using ultrasound and infrared thermography." Measurement 45, no. 7 (2012): 1689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2012.04.019.

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25

Johannes van den Heever, Dawid, and Gerard Tiernan. "Quantification of Bypass Leakage in Filter Holders with Cyclone Elutriators." AIHAJ 60, no. 4 (1999): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1202/0002-8894(1999)060<0545:qoblif>2.0.co;2.

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26

Korre, Anna, Claire E. Imrie, Franz May, et al. "Quantification techniques for potential CO2 leakage from geological storage sites." Energy Procedia 4 (2011): 3413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.265.

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27

Heever, Dawid Johannes van den, and Gerard Tiernan. "Quantification of Bypass Leakage in Filter Holders with Cyclone Elutriators." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 60, no. 4 (1999): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028899908984477.

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28

Jiang, Alice, Sunil Srivastava, Natalia Figueiredo, et al. "Repeatability of automated leakage quantification and microaneurysm identification utilising an analysis platform for ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography." British Journal of Ophthalmology 104, no. 4 (2019): 500–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314416.

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Background/aimsUltra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA) provides unique opportunities for panretinal assessment of retinal diseases. The objective quantification of UWFA features is a labour-intensive manual process, limiting its utility. The present study assesses the consistency/repeatability of an automated assessment platform for the characterisation of retinal vascular features, quantification of microaneurysms (MA) and leakage foci in UWFA images.MethodsAn Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective image analysis study was performed on UWFA images. For each eye, two arteriov

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Lindeberg, Erik, Per Bergmo, Malin Torsæter, and Alv-Arne Grimstad. "Aliso Canyon Leakage as an Analogue for Worst Case CO2 Leakage and Quantification of Acceptable Storage Loss." Energy Procedia 114 (July 2017): 4279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1914.

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30

Solano, Tomas, Chuanxin Ni, Rajat Mittal, and Kourosh Shoele. "Perimeter leakage of face masks and its effect on the mask's efficacy." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 5 (2022): 051902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086320.

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Recent studies have shown that the effectiveness of the face masks depends not only on the mask material but also on their fit on faces. The mask porosity and fit dictate the amount of filtered flow and perimeter leakage. Lower porosity is usually associated with better filtration; however, lower porosity results in higher perimeter leakage. The resulting leakage jets generated from different types of faces and different mask porosities are of particular interest. Direct numerical simulations of the flow dynamics of respiratory events while wearing a face mask can be used to quantify the distr

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31

Ma, Cong, Dinghao Wu, Gang Tan, Mahmut Taylan Kandemir, and Danfeng Zhang. "Quantifying and Mitigating Cache Side Channel Leakage with Differential Set." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 7, OOPSLA2 (2023): 1470–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3622850.

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Cache side-channel attacks leverage secret-dependent footprints in CPU cache to steal confidential information, such as encryption keys. Due to the lack of a proper abstraction for reasoning about cache side channels, existing static program analysis tools that can quantify or mitigate cache side channels are built on very different kinds of abstractions. As a consequence, it is hard to bridge advances in quantification and mitigation research. Moreover, existing abstractions lead to imprecise results. In this paper, we present a novel abstraction, called differential set, for analyzing cache

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32

Tadjer, Amine, and Reidar B. Bratvold. "Managing Uncertainty in Geological CO2 Storage Using Bayesian Evidential Learning." Energies 14, no. 6 (2021): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061557.

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been increasingly looking like a promising strategy to reduce CO2 emissions and meet the Paris agreement’s climate target. To ensure that CCS is safe and successful, an efficient monitoring program that will prevent storage reservoir leakage and drinking water contamination in groundwater aquifers must be implemented. However, geologic CO2 sequestration (GCS) sites are not completely certain about the geological properties, which makes it difficult to predict the behavior of the injected gases, CO2 brine leakage rates through wellbores, and CO2 plume migrat

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33

Si, Xiuhua, Jensen S. Xi, Mohamed Talaat, et al. "Visualization and Quantification of Facemask Leakage Flows and Interpersonal Transmission with Varying Face Coverings." Fluids 9, no. 7 (2024): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids9070166.

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Although mask-wearing is now widespread, the knowledge of how to quantify or improve their performance remains surprisingly limited and is largely based on empirical evidence. The objective of this study was to visualize the expiratory airflows from facemasks and evaluate aerosol transmission between two persons. Different visualization methods were explored, including the Schlieren optical system, laser/LED-particle imaging system, thermal camera, and vapor–SarGel system. The leakage flows and escaped aerosols were quantified using a hotwire anemometer and a particle counter, respectively. Th

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34

Harmanci, Arif, and Mark Gerstein. "Quantification of private information leakage from phenotype-genotype data: linking attacks." Nature Methods 13, no. 3 (2016): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3746.

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35

Kim, Ju-Won, Byoung-Joon Yu, Young-Seok Kim, Chul Park, and Seunghee Park. "Enveloped Magnetic Flux Leakage Based Local Damages Detection and Quantification Method." JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING 37, no. 6 (2017): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7779/jksnt.2017.37.6.426.

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36

Yang, Li Jian, Sen Lin Zhang, and Song Wei Gao. "ANSYS Simulation Technology of Pipeline Magnetic Flux Leakage Inspection." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1000–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1000.

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In order to solve the need of the oil and gas pipeline defect quantification in the real-time online defecting, magnetic flux leakage inspection method was applied to oil and gas pipeline inspection. According to the basic theory of the electromagnetic field, finite element solution of electromagnetic field and ANSYS electromagnetic field calculation theory, using the function of ANSYS 's simulation and calculation for magnetic field, three-dimensional finite element model of the oil and gas pipeline defect was built up. Through simulating, the relationship between defect signal and defect siz

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37

Ross, Felicia H., Terri Spencer, and Steven M. Hollenberg. "SIMULTANEOUS QUANTIFICATION OF LEUKOCYTE ADHESION AND CAPILLARY LEAKAGE IN THE MOUSE MICROVASCULATURE." Shock 19, Supplement (2003): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00024382-200306001-00225.

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38

Chelliah, Kanthasamy, Ganesh G. Raman, Ralph T. Muehleisen, Hirenkumar Patel, and Eric Tatara. "Building leakage detection and quantification using statistically optimized nearfield acoustic holography technique." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 137, no. 4 (2015): 2325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4920491.

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39

Vermeulen, Mathias, Benjamin Van Der Smissen, Tom Claessens, et al. "Mitral Valve Leakage Quantification by Means of Experimental and Numerical Flow Modeling." Acta Mechanica Slovaca 14, no. 2 (2010): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10147-011-0016-x.

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40

Eneman, Geert, Brice De Jaeger, Eddy Simoen, et al. "Quantification of Drain Extension Leakage in a Scaled Bulk Germanium PMOS Technology." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 56, no. 12 (2009): 3115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2009.2033156.

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41

Cho, Kiho, Lee K. Adamson, Kristina G. Hobson, and David G. Greenhalgh. "Direct quantification of autologous serum albumin leakage after burn injury in mice." Burns 28, no. 1 (2002): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-4179(01)00076-6.

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42

Kristensen, Kasper, Jonas R. Henriksen, and Thomas L. Andresen. "Quantification of leakage from large unilamellar lipid vesicles by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1838, no. 12 (2014): 2994–3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.007.

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43

MURRAY, M. B., J. N. CAPE, and D. FOWLER. "Quantification of frost damage in plant tissues by rates of electrolyte leakage." New Phytologist 113, no. 3 (1989): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1989.tb02408.x.

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Mouritsen, Lone, Grethe Berild, and Jens Hertz. "Comparison of different methods for quantification of urinary leakage in incontinent women." Neurourology and Urodynamics 8, no. 6 (1989): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nau.1930080604.

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45

Feng, Bo, Jianbo Wu, Hongming Tu, Jian Tang, and Yihua Kang. "A Review of Magnetic Flux Leakage Nondestructive Testing." Materials 15, no. 20 (2022): 7362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15207362.

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Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a widely used nondestructive testing (NDT) method for the inspection of ferromagnetic materials. This review paper presents the basic principles of MFL testing and summarizes the recent advances in MFL. An analytical expression for the leakage magnetic field based on the 3D magnetic dipole model is provided. Based on the model, the effects of defect size, defect orientation, and liftoff distance have been analyzed. Other influencing factors, such as magnetization strength, testing speed, surface roughness, and stress, have also been introduced. As the mos

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46

Uyama, Osamu, Nobutaka Okamura, Masahiro Yanase, Mitsuhiro Narita, Keita Kawabata, and Minoru Sugita. "Quantitative Evaluation of Vascular Permeability in the Gerbil Brain after Transient Ischemia Using Evans Blue Fluorescence." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 8, no. 2 (1988): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1988.59.

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Mongolian gerbils were used to evaluate brain edema during restoration of flow following bilateral carotid occlusion for 1 h. We have modified the method for fluorometric measurement of Evans blue to monitor vascular protein leakage (vasogenic edema). The extraction of extravasated Evans blue was performed by homogenizing the whole brain in 50% trichloroacetic acid. The supernatant was diluted fourfold with ethanol and the Evans blue fluorescence was measured. The tissue blank was negligible. Evans blue content of the plasma was similarly determined and the ratio of tissue to plasma Evans blue

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47

Mahmoodzadeh, Milad, Voytek Gretka, Stephen Wong, Thomas Froese, and Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya. "Evaluating Patterns of Building Envelope Air Leakage with Infrared Thermography." Energies 13, no. 14 (2020): 3545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143545.

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The next-generation performance-based building energy codes are focusing on minimizing building envelope air leakage. The quantification of air leakage in buildings is typically performed with a blower door test. However, this test does not provide information about the locations of air leakage. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a method involving qualitative and quantitative components that can be used to characterize locations of air leakage with infrared thermography. Since air leakage can have a significant impact on building energy consumption in cold climates, like in Canada, this

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Min, Leilei, Peter Yu Vasilevskiy, Ping Wang, Sergey P. Pozdniakov, and Jingjie Yu. "Numerical Approaches for Estimating Daily River Leakage from Arid Ephemeral Streams." Water 12, no. 2 (2020): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020499.

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Despite the significance of river leakage to riparian ecosystems in arid/semi-arid regions, a true understanding and the accurate quantification of the leakage processes of ephemeral rivers in these regions remain elusive. In this study, the patterns of river infiltration and the associated controlling factors in an approximately 150-km section of the Donghe River (lower Heihe River, China) were revealed using a combination of field investigations and modelling techniques. The results showed that from 21 April 2010 to 7 September 2012, river water leakage accounted for 33% of the total river r

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Tomita, Yohei, Zhongjie Fu, Zhongxiao Wang, et al. "Long-Acting FGF21 Inhibits Retinal Vascular Leakage in In Vivo and In Vitro Models." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 4 (2020): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041188.

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The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of long-acting fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) on retinal vascular leakage utilizing machine learning and to clarify the mechanism underlying the protection. To assess the effect on retinal vascular leakage, C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with long-acting FGF21 analog or vehicle (Phosphate Buffered Saline; PBS) intraperitoneally (i.p.) before induction of retinal vascular leakage with intravitreal injection of mouse (m) vascular endothelial growth factor 164 (VEGF164) or PBS control. Five hours after mVEGF164 injection, we retro-or

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Soon, D., DJ Tozer, DR Altmann, PS Tofts, and DH Miller. "Quantification of subtle blood-brain barrier disruption in non-enhancing lesions in multiple sclerosis: a study of disease and lesion subtypes." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 13, no. 7 (2007): 884–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458507076970.

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Few attempts have been made to detect subtle blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage in visibly non-enhancing MRI lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). For 19 patients, longitudinal relaxation time (T1) maps were generated from MRI scans obtained before, and at 20, 40 and 60 minutes after injection of gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA (0.3 mmol/kg). Regions of interest (ROI) were placed around non-enhancing lesions, and in paired contralateral normal appearing brain tissue (NABT). Post-Gd rate of R1 (=1/T1) rise (ΔR1/Δt), was used to quantify leakage. ΔR1/Δt was greater in lesions than paired NABT ( P ≤ 0.001 at a

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