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Journal articles on the topic 'Leaky-wave antenna'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 June 2025

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1

Askarian, Amirhossein, Jianping Yao, Zhenguo Lu та Ke Wu. "Leaky-wave radiating surface on heterogeneous high-κ material for monolithic antenna-frontend integration". Journal of Applied Physics 133, № 7 (2023): 074502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0136228.

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In a highly integrated analog radio-over-fiber transceiver, seamless integration of the antenna-frontend is crucial as an antenna is generally implemented on a high-κ material, which is set to highly degrade the antenna's performance. This work is concerned with the radiation behavior improvement of a planar leaky-wave antenna with an inductive partially reflecting surface (PRS) on a high-κ substrate for the development of a highly directive antenna. To begin with, we show how a thin and single-mode resonance (SMR) inductive PRS on high-κ materials in a planar leaky-wave antenna is set to provoke two resonance frequencies (i.e., PRS and cavity resonances) to converge, thereby diminishing the antenna's broadside directivity. By applying an equivalent circuit model, we explain how a multi-mode resonance (MMR) PRS can adequately be applied to address the underlying challenges. Subsequently, the leaky-wave radiation behavior of an antenna with a heterogeneous substrate is investigated and analytical equations are derived and verified with a full-wave simulation. The effects of material permittivity and thickness in a heterogeneous-cavity antenna on leaky-wave performance are investigated using these approximate yet accurate-enough equations. To justify the findings, two 9 × 9 planar leaky-wave antennas are prototyped on heterogeneous substrates based on SMR and MMR PRS and the radiation performances are compared. Our investigations reveal that in the proposed scenario, an MMR PRS can significantly enhance the antenna's broadside directivity by over 4 dBi at the resonance frequency (27.5 GHz), which is also set to improve radiation pattern compared to a SMR-based antenna. Finally, a single-fed dual-band aperture-shared antenna with a large frequency ratio (S-band and Ka-band) is developed and fabricated on a high-κ substrate based on the proposed MMR PRS.

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2

IQBAL, MUHAMAD WAHYU, FITRI YULI ZULKIFLI, and EKO TJIPTO RAHARDJO. "Peningkatan Bandwidth dan Gain Antena Mikrostrip Leaky Wave dengan Multi Slot untuk Aplikasi WLAN." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 10, no. 2 (2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v10i2.432.

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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menggunakan antena microstrip leaky wave dengan menambahkan dua slot, yaitu E-slot dan U-slot ganda atau multislot pada frekuensi 6 GHz (5,925 GHz-6,425 GHz) untuk aplikasi WLAN. E-slot dan U-slot ganda digunakan untuk meningkatkan performa dari gain dan bandwidth. Hasil dari simulasi memberikan informasi antena mikrostrip leaky wave dengan penambahan E-slot dan U-slot atau multislot diperoleh hasil s-parameter memiliki nilai -23,196 dB, VSWR sebesar 1,164, bandwidth sebesar 615 MHz, dan gain sebesar 6,16 dBi. Hasil simulasi dari antena mikrostrip leaky wave dengan penambahan E-slot dan U-slot ganda atau multislot menunjukkan dapat meningkatkan bandwidth sebesar 130,038 % dan meningkatkan gain sebesar 34,15 % dibandingkan dengan antena leaky wave tanpa penambahan E-slot dan U-slot ganda.Kata kunci: Mikrostrip Leaky Wave, Multislot, Bandwidth, Gain ABSTRACTIn this study used microstrip leaky-wave antenna by adding, E-slot and double U-slot or multi-slot at frequency of 6 GHz (5,925 GHz – 6,425) for WLAN applications. E-slot and double U-slot are used to increase performance of the gain and bandwidth. The simulation result from provide microstrip leaky-wave antenna with the addition E-slot and double U-slot obatained s-parameter of - 23,196 dB, VSWR of 1,164, bandwidth of 615 MHz, and gain of 6,16 dBi. Simulation results from microstrip leaky-wave antenna with the addition E-slot and double U-slot show that can increase bandwidth by 130,038 % and increase gain by 34,15 % compared to microstrip leaky-wave without the addition E-slot and double U-slot.Keywords: Microstrip Leaky Wave, Multislot, Bandwidth, Gain

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3

Losito, Onofrio. "High Efficiency and Broadband Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2008 (2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/742050.

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A novel layout of leaky-wave antennas based on tapered design has been proposed and investigated. The new tapered leaky-wave antenna (LWA) was designed running a simple procedure which uses an FDTD code, and using a suitable metal walls down the centerline along the length of the antenna connecting the conductor strip and the ground plane, which allows to use only half of the structure, the adoption of a simple feeding, and the reduction of sidelobes. The good performance of this new tapered microstrip LWA, with reference to conventional uniform microstrip LWAs, is mainly the wider band of 33% for VSWR<2, higher gain (12 dBi), and higher efficiency (up to 85%). Furthermore, from the theoretical analysis we can see that, decreasing the relative dielectric constant of the substrate, the bandwidth of the leaky-wave antenna becomes much wider, improving its performance.

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4

Krishna, T. V. Rama, B. T. P. Madhav, G. Monica, V. Janakiram, and S. Md Abid Basha. "Microstrip Line Fed Leaky Wave Antenna with Shorting Vias for Wideband Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 4 (2016): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.10699.

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In this work a complex structured shorted vias microstrip leaky wave antenna is designed and analysed. A Leaky wave antenna is a travelling wave structure with complex propagation constant. When shorting vias are loaded in a periodic structure the fundamental resonant mode shows some stop band characteristics and some of the modes will strongly attenuated. Three different types of iterations are examined in this work with and without defected ground structures. The defected ground structure based leaky wave antennas are showing better performance characteristics with respect to efficiency and phase. A micro strip line feeding with impedance of 50 ohms at both ports are providing excellent impedance matching to the conducting path on the microstrip surface. The shorting vias are suppressing certain higher order frequency bands and providing excellent wide band characteristics with low loss.

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5

Krishna, T. V. Rama, B. T. P. Madhav, G. Monica, V. Janakiram, and S. Md Abid Basha. "Microstrip Line Fed Leaky Wave Antenna with Shorting Vias for Wideband Systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 6, no. 4 (2016): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v6i4.pp1725-1731.

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In this work a complex structured shorted vias microstrip leaky wave antenna is designed and analysed. A Leaky wave antenna is a travelling wave structure with complex propagation constant. When shorting vias are loaded in a periodic structure the fundamental resonant mode shows some stop band characteristics and some of the modes will strongly attenuated. Three different types of iterations are examined in this work with and without defected ground structures. The defected ground structure based leaky wave antennas are showing better performance characteristics with respect to efficiency and phase. A micro strip line feeding with impedance of 50 ohms at both ports are providing excellent impedance matching to the conducting path on the microstrip surface. The shorting vias are suppressing certain higher order frequency bands and providing excellent wide band characteristics with low loss.

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6

Zhang, Chong, Junhong Wang, Meie Chen, Zhan Zhang, and Zheng Li. "A New Kind of Circular Polarization Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on Substrate Integrated Waveguide." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/397960.

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A new kind of circular polarization leaky-wave antenna with N-shaped slots cut in the upper side of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is investigated and presented. The radiation pattern and polarization axial ratio of the leaky-wave antenna are studied. The results show that the width of N-shaped slots has significant effect on the circular polarization property of the antenna. By properly choosing structural parameters, the SIW based leaky-wave antenna can realize circular polarization with excellent axial ratio in 8 GHz satellite band.

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7

Vukomanovic, Mladen, Jose-Luis Vazquez-Roy, Oscar Quevedo-Teruel, Eva Rajo-Iglesias, and Zvonimir Sipus. "Gap Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, no. 5 (2016): 2055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2016.2539376.

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8

Li, Hao, and Yong Zhou. "Dual-polarized Fixed-frequency Beam Scanning Leaky-wave Antenna for 5G Communication." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 36, no. 7 (2021): 858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2021.aces.j.360706.

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A low profile and dual-polarized fixed-frequency beam scanning leaky wave antenna for 5G communication is presented, which is based on a corrugated microstrip line (CML) called spoof surface plasmons transmission line. The antenna radiates horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave and vertically polarized electromagnetic wave using two different periodic antennas elements. The fabricated antenna is measured and the results show that the operating frequency of the antenna is 3.4-3.7 GHz. The measured main beam angle scans from -9° to -30°. The measured gain is from 8.3 dB to 9.7 dB over the working band.

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9

Singh, Marshal David, and Dr Vandana Vikas Thakre. "Simulation and Analysis of Monopole Leaky Wave Antenna." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 3, no. 2 (2015): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.030208.

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In this article a monopole leaky wave antenna is proposed. This article describe comparative analysis of leaky wave antenna with monopole leaky wave antenna .The configuration of the proposed LWA contains two parts: the conventional open structure LWA, the added monopole connected to the end of the LWA on a reduce ground plane, Because of the open structure of the LWA, the reflected power produces a large back lobe radiated backwardly. By using the method of the added monopole connected to the end of the antenna, the remainder power could radiate through the added monopole without reflecting at the end. This paper uses a monopole antenna which can improve the return loss, reduce the back lobe of proposed antenna. . Above antenna has become interesting due to their simple shape and geometry. This antenna has been simulated on electromagnetic simulator computer simulation technology (CST)Microwave suit software and results are analyzed at frequency 2.76 GHz.

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10

Zhang, D., D. Comite, X. Deng, X. Zheng, P. Baccarelli, and P. Burghignoli. "Gas spreading detection by means of a terahertz leaky-wave antenna." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 13 (2022): 134101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0104595.

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A spectroscopy system for gas detection based on a terahertz (THz) parallel-plate waveguide leaky-wave antenna is presented. Compared to conventional THz spectroscopy systems, we exploit the intrinsic dispersive behavior of a leaky-wave antenna to detect multiple spectral absorption peaks of the considered target. The proposed THz antenna is tested and validated by means of full-wave simulations and experimental measurements on a manufactured prototype. A gas detection experiment considering acetonitrile (i.e., CH3CN) has been carried out to characterize the performance of the spectroscopy system. The directional patterns of the leaky-wave antenna are demonstrated to map the absorption characteristic peaks of the CH3CN, thus enabling an extension of the detection range. Thanks to the intrinsic frequency-scanning behavior of the antenna, each absorption peak can be associated with an angle, enabling, therefore, spatial discrimination to monitor gas spreading.

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11

Goslavy Lionel Nkouka Moukengue, Charmolavy, Rostand Martialy Davy Loembe Souamy, Nzonzolo a, Aristide Mankiti Fati, Desire Lilonga-Boyenga, and Junwu Tao. "ANALYSIS OF A NEW LEAKY-WAVE ANTENNA FOR W-BAND APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (2020): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12158.

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In this article, we present a dielectric leaky-wave antenna with periodic metallic patches. Its design is made using HFSS software. Analysis of the antennas radiation pattern shows that one can control the direction of the main beam and the levels of minors lobes from the diameters and numbers of the holes. This significantly reduces the weight of the antenna while improving its performance.

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12

Kaloshin, V. A., and K. T. Nguyen. "Fixed Beam Broadband Leaky Wave Antenna." Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 66, no. 3 (2021): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064226921030098.

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13

Wanchu Hong, Tai-Lee Chen, Chi-Yang Chang, Jyh-Wen Sheen, and Yu-De Lin. "Broadband tapered microstrip leaky-wave antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 51, no. 8 (2003): 1922–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2003.814739.

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14

Hong, W., and Y. D. Lin. "Single-Conductor Strip Leaky-Wave Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, no. 7 (2004): 1783–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2004.829854.

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15

Li, Y., Q. Xue, E. K. N. Yung, and Y. Long. "Circularly-polarised microstrip leaky-wave antenna." Electronics Letters 43, no. 14 (2007): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20070778.

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16

Limin Huang, Jung-Chih Chiao, and M. P. De Lisio. "An electronically switchable leaky wave antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 48, no. 11 (2000): 1769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.900235.

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17

Aziz, Hicham, Mahmoud Moubadir, Naima Amar Touhami, and Abdelkrim Farkhsi. "Planar leaky-wave antenna at 6GHz." Procedia Manufacturing 22 (2018): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.03.077.

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18

Kao, Nien-An, Cheng-Chi Hu, Jin-Jei Wu, and C. F. Jou. "Active aperture-coupled leaky-wave antenna." Electronics Letters 34, no. 23 (1998): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19981539.

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19

Wang, Chien-Jen, Ying-Chou Shih, and C. F. Jou. "Beam-switchable scanning leaky-wave antenna." Electronics Letters 36, no. 7 (2000): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20000476.

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20

Vaupel, Thomas, and Claudius Löcker. "Design of leaky-wave antennas with transverse slots for end-fire radiation with optimized radiation efficiency." Advances in Radio Science 17 (September 19, 2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-71-2019.

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Abstract. A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with transverse slots on the top plane can be used to design an effective leaky-wave antenna with good frequency beam-scanning and platform integration capability. For a main beam near end-fire, the phase constant of the radiating wave must be near to the free space wavenumber or slightly larger. In this context, the modified Hansen-Woodyard condition gives an optimum phase constant to maximize the directivity at end-fire. For the analysis of the wave propagation we have implemented a modal analysis for rectangular waveguides with transverse slots. Near end-fire, three types of modal solutions exists, a leaky improper mode, a surface wave mode and a proper waveguide mode. The leaky mode can reach phase constants larger than the free space wavenumber to fulfill the Hansen-Woodyard condition, but loses strongly its physical significance in this slow wave region, thus the excitation of the leaky-wave becomes negligible there, whereas the proper waveguide mode is dominant but exhibits only a negligible radiation loss leading to a strong drop of the antenna efficiency. Therefore, the optimum efficiency of 86 % for maximizing the gain as proposed in the literature cannot be reached with this kind of leaky wave antenna. But it will be shown in this contribution by analyzing antenna structures with finite aperture lengths, that the efficiency can reach nearly 100 % if the phase constant of the leaky-wave meets exactly the free space wavenumber (ordinary end-fire condition) and the aperture length is adjusted with regard to the attenuation constant of the leaky-wave from the modal analysis. For a given aperture length, a procedure is outlined to adjust the attenuation constant in several steps at the desired ordinary end-fire frequency to reach maximum gain and efficiency.

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21

Huang, W. N., Y. J. Cheng, and H. Deng. "Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna Conforming to Conical Shape Surface." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/359670.

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A conical conformal leaky-wave antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. This antenna conforms to a conical shape surface with the angle of 40°. It has a narrow beam that scans from 80° to 97° with varying frequency (34 GHz~37 GHz). Both conformal and nonconformal antennas are fabricated through the standard PCB process. Their performances are compared within the desired frequency.

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22

Prakash, Ved, Sunita Kumawat, and Priti Singh. "Design and Analysis of Full and Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Planar Leaky Wave Antenna with Continuous Beam Scanning in X-Ku Band." Frequenz 73, no. 5-6 (2019): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2018-0212.

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AbstractIn this paper, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HM-SIW) periodic leaky wave antennas (LWAs) are presented for the antenna applications. The continuous beam scanning (CBS) is realized by optimizing the unit cell by matching its impedance to the characteristic impedance of the waveguide. This leaky wave antenna is capable of total 60 ° scanning from −38 ° to + 22 ° as the frequency changes from 10.17 GHz to 16.3 GHz with a maximum gain of 11 dBi. Moreover, for further miniaturization, HM-SIW technology is employed in the presented LWA. This LWA is also capable of CBS from −50 ° to + 26 ° in the frequency band of 10 GHz to 16.5 GHz with a maximum gain of 12 dBi. The final prototypes of the both these antenna are fabricated and measured results are in agreement with the simulated ones.

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23

Kelebekler, Ersoy. "An analysis of leaky hybrid modes depending on structural parameters in a circular dielectric rod." Frequenz 75, no. 9-10 (2021): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2020-0189.

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Abstract Open dielectric waveguides are structures used to guide electromagnetic energy in integrated circuits above the cutoff or as leaky wave antennas propagating the energy transversely out of the waveguide in a narrow region below the cutoff. In this study, the related operating regions for the hybrid EH modes of a cylindrical dielectric rod were obtained analytically. Analyses of the leaky wave characteristics of the hybrid EH modes for various radii of the rod and various dielectric constant values were performed. The guided modes existing above the cutoff with a pure real propagation constant, and the leaky wave modes existing below the cutoff with a complex propagation constant, were obtained from the coefficient matrix of the characteristic equations system of the structure using the bisection method and Davidenko’s method, respectively. Additionally, the guided modes of the structure were obtained and designated in the light of previous studies in the literature. The results show that the frequency spectrum of the antenna mode region increases as the value of the dielectric constant and the radius of the dielectric rod decrease. In addition, a circular dielectric with a smaller radius and dielectric constant had a larger frequency spectrum in the leaky wave antenna applications.

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24

Rezaee, Sina, Mohammad Memarian, and George V. Eleftheriades. "Dirac leaky wave antenna for millimetre‐wave applications." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 14, no. 9 (2020): 874–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2020.0047.

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25

Ghomi, M., and H. Baudrand. "Full-wave analysis of microstrip leaky-wave antenna." Electronics Letters 25, no. 13 (1989): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19890586.

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26

Aziz, Hicham, Mahmoud Moubadir, Abdelkrim Farkhsi, and Naima Amar Touhami. "Sidelobe Suppression in Array-Pattern Synthesis Using Periodic Leaky-Wave Antenna and Binomial Array." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2020 (November 10, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6201767.

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This paper presents the conception and realization of a 2D antenna array using periodic leaky-wave antenna (PLWA) and the binomial array (BA) at 6 GHz as the application of WLAN. The series array of periodic leaky-wave antenna was provided by an array of five rectangular Patches connected by cross lines. The nonuniform amplitudes of the binomial array are used to reduce the sidelobe level; in this way, the center source radiates strongly on the broadside. The prototype of the proposed 2D antenna array is designed, fabricated, and tested. A good agreement is obtained between simulated and measurement results.

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27

Kelebekler, Ersoy. "Guiding and Leakage Dispersion Characteristic of TM01Mode in a Circular Dielectric Rod." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (October 17, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7060674.

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Open dielectric waveguide structures such as circular dielectric rods can be used as antennas by leaking energy in the transverse direction or as guiding structures with low loss in integrated circuits at different frequency ranges. It is essential to understand electromagnetic wave behavior in different frequency regions such as reactive mode region, leaky-wave or antenna mode region, and guided mode region. In this study, it is aimed to assimilate the electromagnetic phenomenon for open dielectric structure by showing the overlapping between the analytic solutions and the simulation results of the TM01 mode of the circular dielectric rod. The analytic solutions for leaky-wave modes have been obtained using the coefficients matrix of the system of characteristic equations of the structure and Davidenko’s method. The field distributions and the scattering parameters have been obtained in CST microwave studio software. The outcomes obtained in the study presented the overlapping between the analytical results and the simulations. The simulation results show the leakage starts end of the reactive mode region where the electromagnetic energy reflects to the feed line, and the electromagnetic energy leaks at the leaky-wave/antenna mode region, and the leakage decreases at the guided mode region as much as it can be neglected while the frequency increases.

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28

Farahani, Ehsan Zarnousheh, and Alireza Mallahzadeh. "Design of a Terahertz Leaky-Wave Long-Slot Antenna Using Graphene." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 22, no. 6 (2022): 622–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.6.r.131.

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In this paper, a novel graphene-based leaky-wave antenna is presented. The frequency of the proposed antenna is in the terahertz range, and it is composed of a straight long slot covered with a graphene sheet. To tune the leakage constant along the slot, DC voltage biases are applied using gating pads. A transverse equivalent network model that includes the graphene slot structure is also presented. A design procedure for a lossy structure leaky-wave antenna with an unknown loss value is proposed. The antenna is designed and simulated in HFSS and CST software. An interesting feature of this antenna is the ability to control its radiation characteristics across its entire working frequency range through graphene conductivity tunability with DC voltage bias.

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29

Chen, Aixin, Xuedong Fu, Weiwei Jiang, and Kang An. "Polarization-Flexible and Frequency-Scanning Leaky-Wave HMSIW Antenna for Vehicular Applications." Electronics 11, no. 13 (2022): 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132103.

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To achieve multifunctional communication and safe driving of a vehicle, a half-mode substrate-integrated waveguide (HMSIW) leaky-wave frequency-scanning antenna with flexible polarization is proposed in this article. It includes two linearly polarized interdigital slot antennas, a compact directional coupler, and microstrip transition lines. It can generate either linear polarization (LP) for base station communication or circular polarization (CP) for satellite navigation by configuring the means of excitation. Its radiation beam can be continuously steered with varying frequency in either the LP or the CP state, which is of benefit to safe vehicular driving. In addition, the use of the HMSIW structure reduces the size of the antenna by almost one-half in comparison with the full SIW structure. Measurements were performed on antenna scattering parameters, radiation patterns, gain, and axial ratio (for CP states); the results show good agreement with the simulated results. With its low profile, low weight, low cost, and capability for continuous frequency scanning and variable polarization states, the multifunctional antenna could be extensively used for adapting to changes in environmental conditions or system requirements.

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30

Kamalzadeh, Saeed, and Mohammad Soleimani. "A Novel SIW Leaky-Wave Antenna for Continuous Beam Scanning from Backward to Forward." Electronics 11, no. 12 (2022): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121804.

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A novel, periodic, leaky-wave array antenna using substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is proposed for continuous beam scanning applications. For this purpose, a periodic structure with the ability to radiate from backward to forward is proposed. The unit cell of this periodic structure includes a longitudinal slot and an H-plane discontinuity. The H-plane step discontinuity is suggested to suppress the open stopband (OSB) and enable continuous beam scanning from backward to forward through the broadside. The impedance matching technique is used to suppress the open stopband. In contrast to phased array antennas, this form of antenna is distinguished by its ability to scan without requiring a complex feeding network. These antennas are used for different factors such as scanning the beam, determining the direction of arrival, avoiding collisions, indoor communications, etc. A prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated for experimental characterization. The overall physical dimensions of the fabricated antenna are 7.9 mm × 128 mm. The results demonstrate that an adequate level of agreement between measurement and simulation is satisfactory. The results indicate that the suggested antenna can scan continuously in the frequency range of 14.5 to 22.5 GHz between −60 and +57.5 degrees through broadside with a maximum gain of 16 dBi and radiation efficiency of 71%.

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31

Dey, Utpal, Julian Tonn, and Jan Hesselbarth. "Millimeter-Wave Dielectric Waveguide-Based Leaky-Wave Antenna Array." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 20, no. 3 (2021): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2021.3050200.

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32

Bai, Xue, Shi-Wei Qu, Kung-Bo Ng, and Chi Hou Chan. "Sinusoidally Modulated Leaky-Wave Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Application." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, no. 3 (2016): 849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2015.2513089.

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33

Losito, Onofrio. "Design of Conformal Tapered Leaky Wave Antenna." PIERS Online 3, no. 8 (2007): 1316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2529/piers070403144715.

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34

Ayushi, Ashutosh Tripathi, Areeba Nafis, Saksham Omer, and Ruchi Agarwal. "Substrate Integrated Waveguide based Leaky Wave Antenna." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1921 (May 2021): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1921/1/012052.

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35

左, 丽. "The Leaky-Wave Antenna with Big Period." Journal of Antennas 10, no. 04 (2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ja.2021.104005.

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36

Pi-Wei Chen, Choon Sae Lee, and V. Nalbandian. "Planar double-layer leaky-wave microstrip antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 50, no. 6 (2002): 832–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2002.1017664.

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37

Lee, M. T., K. M. Luk, S. J. Xu, and E. K. N. Yung. "A Double-Slab Leaky-Wave NRD Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 52, no. 9 (2004): 2488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2004.834024.

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Yang, Shang-Te, and Hao Ling. "RCS of a Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 12 (2013): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2012.2236677.

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Guang-Jong Chou and Ching-Kuang C. Tzuang. "An integrated quasi-planar leaky-wave antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 44, no. 8 (1996): 1078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.511815.

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Saleh, A. M., K. R. Mahmoud, I. I. Ibrahim, and A. M. Attiya. "Metasurface-loaded dielectric rod leaky wave antenna." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 30, no. 10 (2016): 1277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09205071.2016.1190302.

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Narayanan, K. K., P. Mohanan, K. Vasudevan, and K. G. Nair. "Leaky-wave antenna for square radiation pattern." Electronics Letters 27, no. 4 (1991): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19910225.

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Wang, Chien Jen, Jin Jei Wu, Cheng Chi Hu, and Christina F. Jou. "Asymmetric feeding active leaky-wave antenna arrays." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 18, no. 1 (1998): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(199805)18:1<14::aid-mop4>3.0.co;2-l.

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43

Jeon, H. M., Z. Ji, and Y. Zhuang. "Compact leaky wave antenna using ferroelectric materials." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 59, no. 10 (2017): 2614–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.30781.

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Patel, Shobhit K., Vishal Sorathiya, Tianjing Guo, and Christos Argyropoulos. "Graphene‐based directive optical leaky wave antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 61, no. 1 (2018): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.31538.

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45

Fuscaldo, Walter, Dimitrios C. Zografopoulos, Francesca Imperato, Paolo Burghignoli, Romeo Beccherelli, and Alessandro Galli. "Analysis and Design of Tunable THz 1-D Leaky-Wave Antennas Based on Nematic Liquid Crystals." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (2022): 11770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211770.

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The tunable properties of nematic liquid crystals (NLC) are here exploited in a peculiar leaky waveguide with artificial magnetic conductors as the lateral walls, a bottom metal ground plane, and a homogenized metasurface on top to obtain dynamic beamsteering at a fixed terahertz frequency. The waveguide consists of an NLC cell sandwiched between two dielectric layers. The proposed antenna system works on its transverse-magnetic leaky mode and is capable of radiating a beam that scans either by frequency or by changing the bias voltage applied across the NLC cell. The design parameters are optimized through a rigorous modal analysis of the structure, and the radiation performance is validated through full-wave simulations. The results are promising for the realization of next-generation tunable terahertz leaky-wave antennas.

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Hummadi, Ali A., and R. S. Fyath. "Parametric Study of Silicon Based Optical Leaky-Wave Antenna." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 13, no. 9 (2014): 4809–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v13i9.2371.

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Parametric study is presented for 1550 nm CMOS compatible optical leaky wave antenna. The antenna is designed with Si3N4 waveguide perturbed periodically with silicon. The silicon perturbations are used to transform the guided mode into a leaky mode radiated to the surrounding space. Simulation results are obtained using the commercial software package CST STUDIO SUITE 2012 and indicate clearly the strong dependence of radiation parameters on the number and dimensions of the silicon perturbations.

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47

Mukesh, Devika. "Design of Reconfigurable Antenna for 5G Applications." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 10 (2021): 323–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38395.

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Abstract: With rapid evolution of wireless communication and mobile networking techniques, one of the major advancements is that fifth generation (5G) is envisioned in-order to meet the perpetual demand for greater network speed and capacity. This paper provides an overview of the design of five reconfigurable antennas for 5G wireless application is introduced by varying the substrate material used. Teflon, Taconic TLY, Rogers Ultralam 1217, Rogers RT/Duroid 5880, FR4 are the substrate materials used in designing the respective antennas. The proposed antenna designs employ a leaky-wave antenna based on half-mode substrate integrated waveguide. Since this antenna is used in 5G communication systems, the centre frequency is taken as 28.5 GHz. The length width and height of each of the antennas are designed using design procedures of rectangular patch antenna for all five substrates respectively. Each antennas are compared based on their return loss, VSWR, gain, directivity and radiation pattern respectively and an inference regarding performance of each substrate is obtained. On comparing the results of all the five antennas in the ON and OFF condition of switch, the results are found to be best in case of Rogers RT/duroid 5880 with return loss of -15.2719dB, VSWR of 1.4165, gain of 4.6dB, directivity of 4.31dB in the ON condition and with a return loss of - 13.0779dB, VSWR of 1.6893, gain of 3.4dB and directivity of 3.7dB in the OFF condition. Further by changing the switches and replaced it by conducting sheet switches for reduction of loss and were able to achieve improved results with return loss of24.5026dB, gain of 5.1dB in the ON condition and return loss of -12.6608dB and gain of 3.8dB in the OFF condition which contributed to the novelty of the project. In the proposed antennas, beam steering is obtained due to the disturbances in surface current under the influence of changing voltage bias of the switches. The technologies used make the antenna design compact provides configurability, which makes this antenna a suitable candidate for 5G applications. Keywords: 5G, reconfigurable antenna, leaky wave antenna, half mode substrate integrated waveguide, millimeter wave, beam steering

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Neto, A., S. Bruni, G. Gerini, and M. Sabbadini. "The leaky lens: a broad-band fixed-beam leaky-wave antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 53, no. 10 (2005): 3240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2005.856351.

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Kandwal, Abhishek, Zedong Nie, Lei Wang, Louis W. Y. Liu, and Ranjan Das. "Realization of Low Profile Leaky Wave Antennas Using the Bending Technique for Frequency Scanning and Sensor Applications." Sensors 19, no. 10 (2019): 2265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102265.

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This paper proposes an efficient transmission line modulation by using the bending technique to realize low profile leaky wave antennas in the Ku-band for frequency scanning and sensor applications. The paper focuses mainly on the bending effects of the transmission line in terms of the sharpness of edges. The right-hand/left-hand transmission line can be designed in the form of zig-zag pattern with sharp corners and only the right-hand transmission line in the form of sinusoidal patterns with smooth corners. In this presentation, we demonstrate that transmission lines of this kind can be used to realize highly efficient leaky wave antennas with broadband impedance matching and high gain characteristics in the Ku-band. Dispersion analysis and ladder network analysis have been performed for investigating the performance of the proposed designs. The sharpness of the bends periodically distributed along the body of the antenna has been used to our advantage for frequency scanning in the left-hand and right-hand quadrants at different frequencies. The proposed bending technique has been proven to be instrumental in achieving the desired characteristics of low profile leaky wave antennas.

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Lovat, G., P. Burghignoli, R. Araneo, and S. Celozzi. "Ultrasubwavelength Ferroelectric Leaky Wave Antenna in a Planar Substrate-Superstrate Configuration." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/193690.

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The possibility of achieving directive fan-beam radiation with planar Fabry-Pérot cavity antennas constituted by an upper ferroelectric thin film and a lower ground plane having ultrasubwavelength thickness is studied by means of a simple transverse-equivalent-network approach and a cylindrical leakywave analysis, deriving simple design formulas. The performance of the proposed antenna is investigated in terms of power density radiated at broadside and directivity in the principal planes, pointing out the main limitations and tradeoffs associated with the reduced thickness.

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