Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lean hydrogen

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Lean hydrogen'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 March 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Lean hydrogen"

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Pan, Shiyi, Jinhua Wang, Bin Liang, Hao Duan, and Zuohua Huang. "Experimental Study on the Effects of Hydrogen Injection Strategy on the Combustion and Emissions of a Hydrogen/Gasoline Dual Fuel SI Engine under Lean Burn Condition." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (2022): 10549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010549.

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Hydrogen addition can improve the performance and extend the lean burn limit of gasoline engines. Different hydrogen injection strategies lead to different types of hydrogen mixture distribution (HMD), which affects the engine performance. Therefore, the present study experimentally investigated the effects of hydrogen injection strategy on the combustion and emissions of a hydrogen/gasoline dual-fuel port-injection engine under lean-burn conditions. Four different hydrogen injection strategies were explored: hydrogen direct injection (HDI), forming a stratified hydrogen mixture distribution (
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SWAIN, M., P. FILOSO, and M. SWAIN. "Ignition of lean hydrogen–air mixtures." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 30, no. 13-14 (2005): 1447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.10.017.

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Bo-wei, JIAO, YU Nan-jia, and ZHOU Chuang. "Parameter optimization and simulation of lean-burn gas generator." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2235, no. 1 (2022): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2235/1/012080.

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Abstract The pre-cooling engine cools the incoming air through a pre-cooler and then makes it enter the subsequent components to work. This type of engine is one of the most important development directions in the combined power scheme. In order to accurately control the lean-burn gas temperature and oxygen concentration under different incoming flow conditions, and adjust it through the nitrogen-to-hydrogen ratio (GNGH) and oxygen-to-hydrogen ratio (GOGH). The oxygen concentration and temperature were obtained by thermal calculation and the optimal nitrogen-hydrogen ratio and oxygen-hydrogen
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YAMAMOTO, Kazuhiro, Masayuki MARUYAMA, and Yoshiaki ONUMA. "Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Lean Combustion." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 64, no. 622 (1998): 1919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.64.1919.

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Schefer, R. "Hydrogen enrichment for improved lean flame stability." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 28, no. 10 (2003): 1131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(02)00199-4.

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Krivosheyev, Pavel, Yuliya Kisel, Аlexander Skilandz, Kirill Sevrouk, Oleg Penyazkov, and Anatoly Tereza. "Ignition delay of lean hydrogen-air mixtures." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 66 (May 2024): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.03.363.

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Leyko, Jacek, Kamil Słobiński, Jarosław Jaworski, Grzegorz Mitukiewicz, Wissam Bou Nader, and Damian Batory. "Study on SI Engine Operation Stability at Lean Condition—The Effect of a Small Amount of Hydrogen Addition." Energies 16, no. 18 (2023): 6659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186659.

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The lean-burn mode is a solution that reduces the fuel consumption of spark-ignition internal combustion engines and keeps the low exhaust emission, but the stability of the lean-burn combustion process, especially at low loads, needs to be addressed. Enhancing gasoline with hybrid hydrogen oxygen (HHO) gas—a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases—is proposed to improve combustion of the lean-gasoline mixture. A three-cylinder, spark-ignition, naturally aspirated, MPI engine with HHO gas produced with an alkaline water electrolyzer and introduced as a gasoline enhancement was tested. The amount
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Griebel, P., E. Boschek, and P. Jansohn. "Lean Blowout Limits and NOx Emissions of Turbulent, Lean Premixed, Hydrogen-Enriched Methane/Air Flames at High Pressure." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 129, no. 2 (2006): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2436568.

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Flame stability is a crucial issue in low NOx combustion systems operating at extremely lean conditions. Hydrogen enrichment seems to be a promising option to extend lean blowout limits (LBO) of natural gas combustion. This experimental study addresses flame stability enhancement and NOx reduction in turbulent, high-pressure, lean premixed methane/air flames in a generic combustor capable of a wide range of operating conditions. Lean blowout limits and NOx emissions are presented for pressures up to 14bar, bulk velocities in the range of 32–80m∕s, two different preheating temperatures (673K, 7
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Meyers, D. P., and J. T. Kubesh. "The Hybrid Rich-Burn/Lean-Burn Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 119, no. 1 (1997): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2815555.

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This paper describes a new low-emissions engine concept called the hybrid rich-burn/lean-burn (HRBLB) engine. In this concept a portion of the cylinders of a multicylinder engine are fueled with a very rich natural gas-air mixture. The remaining cylinders are operated with a lean mixture of natural gas and air and supplemented with the rich combustion exhaust. The goal of this unique concept is the production of extremely low NOx (e.g., 5 ppm when corrected to 15 percent exhaust oxygen content). This is accomplished by operating outside the combustion limits where NOx is produced. In rich comb
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Popelka, Josef. "Design of System Hydrogen Engine Supercharging." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.607.

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In this paper I am dealing with a general analysis of problems burning of lean hydrogen mixtures in combustion engines. During burning of very lean mixtures burning procedure is over lasted with characteristic features. They need to be removed or reduced. One of these features is low power of engines operating by lean mixtures, which can be partially removed with the help of supercharging such engines. In the second part of the paper I am dealing with a design of supercharging system for a three-cylinder engine with volume 1,2 dm3.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lean hydrogen"

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Topinka, Jennifer A. (Jennifer Ann) 1977. "Knock behavior of a lean-burn hydrogen-enhanced engine concept." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34351.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).<br>Experiments to identify the knock trends of lean gasoline-air mixtures, and such mixtures enhanced with hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), were performed on a single-cylinder research engine with boosting capability. The experimental method used to investigate knock trends consisted of determining the octane number (ON) of the primary reference fuel (mixture of isooctane and n-heptane) supplied to the engine that just produced audible knock. Al
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Goldwitz, Joshua A. (Joshua Arlen) 1980. "Combustion optimization in a hydrogen-enhanced lean burn SI engine." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27061.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-97).<br>Lean operation of spark ignition (SI) automotive engines offers attractive performance incentives. Lowered combustion temperatures inhibit NO[sub]x pollutant formation while reduced manifold throttling minimizes pumping losses, leading to higher efficiency. These benefits are offset by the reduced combustion speed of lean mixtures, which can lead to high cycle-to-cycle variation and unacceptable engine behavior characteristics. Hydrogen-enhancement
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Sykes, David Michael. "Design and Evaluation of a Lean-Premixed Hydrogen Injector with Tangential Entry in a Sector Combustor." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31722.

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Hydrogen use in a gas turbine engine has many benefits. Chief among these is the elimination of carbon based emissions. The only products and emissions from the combustion process are water vapor and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). However due to the lower flammability limit of hydrogen, it can be burned at much lower equivalence ratios that typical hydrocarbon fuels, and thus reducing the emissions of NOx. Multiple efforts have been made for the design of premixing injectors for gaseous hydrocarbon fuels, but very few attempts have been made for hydrogen. <p> To this end a premixing hydrogen in
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Ivanic, Žiga 1978. "Predicting the behavior of a lean-burn hydrogen-enhanced engine concept." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17932.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-91).<br>(cont.) Lean operation of a spark ignition (SI) internal combustion engine (ICE) offers attractive performance incentives. Lowered combustion temperatures inhibit formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx), while reduced intake manifold throttling minimizes pumping losses leading to higher efficiency. These benefits are offset by the reduced combustion speed of lean mixtures, which can lead to high cycle-to-cycle variation and unacceptable engine behavior c
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Ross, Martin C. Shepherd J. E. "Lean combustion characteristics of hydrogen-nitrous oxide-ammonia mixtures in air /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1997. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-01182008-143226.

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Villarreal, Daniel Christopher. "Digital Fuel Control for a Lean Premixed Hydrogen-Fueled Gas Turbine Engine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34974.

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Hydrogen-powered engines have been gaining increasing interest due to the global concerns of the effects of hydrocarbon combustion on climate change. Gas turbines are suitable for operation on hydrogen fuel. This thesis reports the results of investigations of the special requirements of the fuel controller for a hydrogen gas turbine. In this investigation, a digital fuel controller for a hydrogen-fueled modified Pratt and Whitney PT6A-20 turboprop engine was successfully designed and implemented. Included in the design are safety measures to protect the operating personnel and the engine. A
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Perry, Matthew Vincent. "An Investigation of Lean Premixed Hydrogen Combustion in a Gas Turbine Engine." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43532.

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As a result of growing concerns about the carbon emissions associated with the combustion of conventional hydrocarbon fuels, hydrogen is gaining more attention as a clean alternative. The combustion of hydrogen in air produces no carbon emissions. However, hydrogen-air combustion does have the potential to produce oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which are harmful pollutants. The production of NOx can be significantly curbed using lean premixed combustion, wherein hydrogen and air are mixed at an equivalence ratio (the ratio of stoichiometric to actual air in the combustion process) significantly
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Farina, Jordan Thomas. "Conversion of a Gas Turbine Engine to Operate on Lean-Premixed Hydrogen-Air: Design and Characterization." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31067.

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The continued use of fossil fuels along with a rise in energy demand has led to increasing levels of carbon emissions over the past years. The purpose of this research was to design a lean premixed hydrogen fuel system that could be readily retrofit into an existing gas turbine engine to provide a clean renewable energy solution to this growing problem. There were major hurdles that had to be overcome to develop a hydrogen fuel system that would be practical, stable, and would fit into the existing space. High flame temperatures coupled with high flame speeds are major concerns when switchin
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Speth, Raymond L. 1981. "Effects of curvature and strain on a lean premixed methane-hydrogen-air flame." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35640.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-77).<br>The elemental flame is a subgrid model for turbulent combustion, parameterized by time-varying strain rate and curvature. This thesis develops the unsteady one-dimensional governing equations for the elemental flame incorporating detailed chemical kinetics and transport and a robust and efficient numerical method for solving the governing equations. Hydrogen enrichment of some hydrocarbon fuels has been shown to improve stability and extend flam
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Coleman, Marc David. "Catalytic reduction of nitrogen monoxide using hydrogen at low temperatures under lean burn conditions." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246453.

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Books on the topic "Lean hydrogen"

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Thorne, L. R. Platinum catalytic igniters for lean hydrogen-air mixtures. Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1988.

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Seymour, Dave. STS-35 scrub 3 hydrogen leak analysis. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1991.

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Seymour, Dave. STS-35 scrub 3 hydrogen leak analysis. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1991.

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W, Hunter Gary, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A hydrogen leak detection system for aerospace and commercial applications. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The use of spontaneous Raman scattering for hydrogen leak detection. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Noble, E. G. Solubilities of bromide salts of aluminum, cobalt, lead, manganese, potassium, and sodium when sparged with hydrogen bromide. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1988.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A study of (OI) 63.2 and 145.5 Micron emission from M17 and SGR A from the Lear Jet: Final report, for the period 1 October 1982 to 31 March 1986. Smithsonian Institution, Astrophysical Observatory, 1986.

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Board, California Air Resources. Prospects for attaining the state ambient air quality standards for suspended particulate matter (PM10), visibility reducing particles, sulfates, lead, and hydrogen sulfide. Air Resources Board, 1991.

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Griepink, B. The certification of the contents (mass fraction) of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, arsenic, cadmium, manganese, mercury, lead, selenium, vanadium and zinc in three coals: Gas coal CRM No.180, coking coal CRM No.181, steam coal CRM No.182. Commission of the European Communities, 1986.

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Biswas, Sayan. Physics of Turbulent Jet Ignition: Mechanisms and Dynamics of Ultra-lean Combustion. Springer, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lean hydrogen"

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Nemitallah, Medhat A., Mohamed A. Habib, and Ahmed Abdelhafez. "Fuel/Oxidizer-Flexible Lean Premixed Combustion." In Hydrogen for Clean Energy Production: Combustion Fundamentals and Applications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7925-3_3.

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Saini, Rohit, Ashoke De, and S. Gokulakrishnan. "Direct Numerical Simulation Study of Lean Hydrogen/Air Premixed Combustion." In Energy for Propulsion. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7473-8_11.

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Nemitallah, Medhat A., Mohamed A. Habib, and Ahmed Abdelhafez. "Application of Lean Premixed Combustion for Emission Control in Different Combustors." In Hydrogen for Clean Energy Production: Combustion Fundamentals and Applications. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7925-3_5.

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Wallace, James S. "Emissions and Efficiency of Turbocharged Lean-Burn Hydrogen-Supplemented Natural Gas Fueled Engines." In Enriched Methane. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22192-2_9.

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Zhang, Beidong, Yankun Jiang, and Ruixin Wang. "Research on the Lean Burn Characteristics of Gasoline Engine Blending with Hydrogen-Rich Gas." In Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-63901-2_49.

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Sen, Asok K., M. Akif Ceviz, and Erdogan Guner. "A Statistical Analysis of Lean Misfires in a Gasoline Engine and the Effect of Hydrogen Addition." In Progress in Exergy, Energy, and the Environment. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04681-5_100.

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Donini, A., R. J. M. Bastiaans, J. A. van Oijen, M. S. Day, and L. P. H. de Goey. "A Priori Assessment of the Potential of Flamelet Generated Manifolds to Model Lean Turbulent Premixed Hydrogen Combustion." In ERCOFTAC Series. Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2482-2_50.

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Lodi Rizzini, E., L. Venturelli, and N. Zurlo. "Antihydrogen (hydrogen) atom formation." In EXA/LEAP 2008. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02803-8_46.

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Hann, S., L. Urban, Michael Grill, and M. Bargende. "Prediction of burn rate, knocking and cycle-to-cycle variations of methane / hydrogen mixtures in stoichiometric and lean engine operation conditions." In Proceedings. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19012-5_4.

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Petitjean, Claude. "Muon capture in hydrogen and deuterium." In EXA/LEAP 2008. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02803-8_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lean hydrogen"

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Kido, Hiroyuki, Masaya Nakahara, Kenshiro Nakashima, and Jun-Hyo Kim. "Turbulent Burning Velocity of Lean Hydrogen Mixtures." In 2003 JSAE/SAE International Spring Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. SAE International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-1773.

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Patnaik, G., and K. Kailasanath. "Cellular structure of lean hydrogen and methane flames." In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3275.

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PATNAIK, G., and K. KAILASANATH. "Cellular structure of lean hydrogen flames in microgravity." In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-41.

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Hernandez-Perez, Francisco, Clinton Groth, and Omer Gulder. "LES of a Hydrogen-Enriched Lean Turbulent Premixed Flame." In 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1139.

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Zhu, Shengrong, and Sumanta Acharya. "Flame Dynamics With Hydrogen Addition at Lean Blowout Limits." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95822.

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Lean premixed combustion is widely used in power generation due to the low nitric oxide emissions. Recent interest in syngas requires a better understanding of the role of hydrogen addition on the combustion process. In the present study, the extinction process of hydrogen enriched premixed flames near Lean Blow Out (LBO) in a swirl-stabilized combustor has been examined in both unconfined and confined configurations. High speed images of the flame chemiluminescence are recorded and a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) procedure is used to extract the dominant flame dynamics during the LBO
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Wallace, James S., Liviu Segal, and James F. Keffer. "Lean Mixture Operation of Hydrogen-Fueled Spark Ignition Engines." In 1985 SAE International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exhibition. SAE International, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/852119.

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PATNAIK, G., and K. KAILASANATH. "Lean flammability limit of downward propagating hydrogen-air flames." In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-336.

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Zhu, Shengrong, and Sumanta Acharya. "Dynamics of Lean Blowout in Premixed Combustion With Hydrogen Addition." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69189.

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An experimental study of lean premixed combustion in a swirl-stabilized combustor is undertaken to characterize the dynamics and time scales close to Lean Blow Out (LBO) conditions. Due to the recent interest in syngas fuels, the effect of hydrogen addition on LBO is studied. In present study, both confined and unconfined turbulent methane air premixed flames have been examined with different hydrogen levels during the extinction transition with high speed imaging of OH* chemiluminescence at 2 KHz. Planar laser induced fluorescence measurement of OH is also performed for studying the flame str
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West, Brian, Shean Huff, James Parks, Matt Swartz, and Ron Graves. "In-Cylinder Production of Hydrogen During Net-Lean Diesel Operation." In SAE 2006 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-01-0212.

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Goldwitz, Joshua A., and John B. Heywood. "Combustion Optimization in a Hydrogen-Enhanced Lean-Burn SI Engine." In SAE 2005 World Congress & Exhibition. SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-0251.

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Reports on the topic "Lean hydrogen"

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Schefer, Robert W. Evaluation of NASA Lean Premixed Hydrogen Burner. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811192.

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Erlendur Steinthorsson, Brian Hollon, and Adel Mansour. Micro-Mixing Lean-Premix System for Ultra-Low Emission Hydrogen/Syngas Combustion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1030641.

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Chad Smutzer. Application of Hydrogen Assisted Lean Operation to Natural Gas-Fueled Reciprocating Engines (HALO). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/885936.

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Beurlot, Kyle, and Timothy Jacobs. PR457-242002-R01 Hydrogen and Natural Gas Mixtures in 2 Stroke Engines for Methane Reductions. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2025. https://doi.org/10.55274/r0000108.

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Large-bore natural gas two-stroke engines with lean-burn technology have been integral to the North American pipeline network for many years and will remain crucial for future gas transportation. As research focuses on achieving lower lean ignition limits, pre-combustion chambers have gained attention as a promising method to enhance combustion stability and engine reliability. However, retrofitting existing platforms with pre-combustion chambers may not always be financially viable, which calls for further exploration of alternative technologies that could reduce methane emissions from two-st
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Siebenaler, Shane. PR015-23119-R01 Leak Detection Technology for Hydrogen Gas. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2025. https://doi.org/10.55274/r0000127.

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As pipeline operators consider the use of hydrogen in their pipeline networks, the ability to detect leaks from this infrastructure is a key operational constraint since hydrogen emissions pose several safety risks. While there is a plethora of technologies to detect methane leaks from traditional gas transmission pipelines, there are less commercially available hydrogen sensors, and pipeline operators do not have extensive experience with hydrogen detection. The planning of future hydrogen pipelines introduces a need to identify and assess technologies that could detect hydrogen. Hydrogen's c
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Olsen, Daniel, and Azer Yalin. L52360 NOx Reduction Through Improved Precombustion Chamber Design. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011536.

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several objectives were Several objectives were completed. First, a literature review was performed to assess the current technological state of prechambers. This includes state of the art design, reliability surveys, and proven prechamber design criteria. This is an enabling tool for developing new prechamber concepts for year 2 of the project. The prioritized concepts are (in order): - Improved prechamber geometry - apply high speed engine prechamber design and scale up for large bore engines. - Adiabatic prechamber - traditional prechamber will ceramic lining to reduce heat transfer to the
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Hartmann, Kevin, William Buttner, Robert Burgess, and Carl Rivkin. Passive Leak Detection Using Commercial Hydrogen Colorimetric Indicator. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1326889.

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Brosha, Eric L., Fernando H. Garzon, Cortney Kreller, Rangachary Mukundan, Bob Glass, and Leta Woo. Leak Detection and H2 Sensor Development for Hydrogen Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1088919.

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Brosha, Eric L. Leak Detection and H2 Sensor Development for Hydrogen Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1045975.

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Cialone, H., D. N. Williams, and T. P. Groeneveld. L51621 Hydrogen-Related Failures at Mechanically Damaged Regions. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010313.

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Leaks attributed to hydrogen-stress cracking (HSC) initiating in regions of mild mechanical damage have been reported in cathodically protected pipe lines constructed from high-strength, microalloyed, controlled-rolled steels. The hydrogen is believed to be present in service from the cathodic potential applied. Laboratory studies were initiated to determine the factors that contributed to those unexpected failures. Strain aging at ambient temperatures as a result of deformation introduced during the mechanical damage, was found to be a significant factor. Smooth-bar specimens that were strain
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