Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Learned poetry'

Cette thèse rassemble toute la matière des « jeux étymologiques » dans la poésie latine, depuis les débuts de la littérature latine jusqu'à l'époque augustéenne, pour analyser ces procédés poétiques tirant un effet plaisant de l'origine des mots, présents dans des genres divers (comédie et tragédie, satire, épopée, élégie…). Le travail est complété par une annexe répertoriant près de mille cinq cents jeux étymologiques dans le corpus d'étude. Dans un premier temps, une présentation synthétique permet de proposer, à partir d'exemples caractéristiques, relevés dès l'Antiquité ou décelés récemment, une typologie des jeux étymologiques, selon une gradation qui va de l'explication la plus claire à l'allusion la plus cryptée, et où l'éponymie occupe une place centrale. Ensuite, une approche historique et générique montre l'évolution et les enjeux de ces procédés dans la poésie latine, et où interviennent à divers degrés les modèles de la poésie grecque, l'influence de l'érudition hellénistique et, chez Virgile, Properce et Ovide, l'inspiration étiologique bien marquée. Enfin, la dimension du jeu dans ces procédés poétiques est examinée sous deux aspects : son rapport à trois domaines d'application spécifiques (droit romain, allégorie et philologie alexandrine) et la relation qu'il implique entre le poète et ses lecteurs<br>This thesis brings together all the material on “etymological games” in Latin poetry, from the beginnings of Latin literature to the Augustan period, to analyze these poetic devices, which draw a pleasing effect from the origin of words, present in various genres (comedy and tragedy, satire, epic, elegy...). The work is complemented by an appendix listing some fifteen hundred etymological games in the corpus studied.The first part is an overview of etymological games, based on characteristic examples from Antiquity and more recent times. The gradation ranges from the clearest explanation to the most cryptic allusion, where eponymy is playing a central role. Next, a historical and generic approach shows the evolution and significance of these devices in Latin poetry, in which the models of Greek poetry, the influence of Hellenistic erudition and, in Virgil, Propertius and Ovid, the clearly etiological inspiration, play a role to varying degrees. Finally, the dimension of play in these poetic procedures is examined from two angles: its relationship to three specific fields of application (Roman law, allegory and Alexandrian philology) and the relationship it implies between the poet and his readers

This paper presents a qualitative study investigating whether exercises inspired by spoken word poetry can be used as anxiety-lowering speaking exercises for Grade 9 students in Swedish secondary school and increase their motivation for speaking English in class. My initial hypothesis was that the students would feel less anxious to speak English in class when performing spoken word than when doing oral presentations. I also thought that the students would feel less anxious performing found poems, where the words in poems are taken from a model poem. To test my hypothesis, I conducted a lesson study consisting of three research lessons and interviews with an in-service teacher and three case students. The findings show that while some students did feel less anxious speaking English when performing spoken word poetry, most of the students’ motivation to perform was unaffected by the exercises used in the research lessons. Instead, the research showed that giving the students the opportunity to choose between writing and performing in groups or alone had the most impact on their motivation to perform. Understanding the poems was another factor with great impact on the students’ motivation to perform. These findings are discussed, and it is proposed that teachers who want to use spoken word poetry in their classroom practice should focus on accommodating their teaching practice to the students’ needs, and that more lesson time should be spent on analyzing the poems than on writing them.

The practice of science requires careful observation, experimentation and rational thinking accompanied by imaginative and intuitive insights to thrive in a mood of cutting edge exploration. South African Grade 9 Chemistry deals with established facts, usually devoid of artistic stimuli for capturing the imagination or awakening the intuitions of most learners. Many previous attempts to use the arts in the teaching of Chemistry are limited to the use of pictures, and less often, music and drama which are often superficial or even distracting from the real content. Most research into Science education has its focus on improving academic results with almost no research being conducted in the use of holistic, artistic devices to improve learner interest. Child-centred, holistic education indicates that the integration of rational logic with personal, intuitive knowing through story and the arts is a seed to sustained learner interest. This study used video-recorded experiments and a poem with holistic use of story, metaphor, rhythm and rhyme to characterise the behaviour of acids, bases and salts, to awaken greater learner interest. Class discussion centred on inquiry-based learning which challenged the validity of the characterisations used in the poem, completed the holistically integrated intervention. Changes in learner interest levels were determined by matched pairs in the pre-test and post-test. The research was undertaken with 222 learners from four schools in the greater Tshwane region. The results show that such holistically integrated devices, or stimuli, significantly increased learner interest through good engagement in the lesson as well as an improved perception of their grasp of the content, feelings towards Chemistry and relevance of Chemistry for their lives. As a first-of-its-kind research, further research in the use of appropriate holistic, artistic devices in Science education is recommended. Research into the longer-term use of such devices as well as the effects on learner academic results should be tested. This research indicates that teachers should consider providing a greater context and characterisation, with a broader range of stimuli, when presenting Chemistry to Grade 9 learners to allow them to relate to the experimental and academic content in a more imaginative, intuitive and personally meaningful way. The presentation of this dissertation will follow the courses of a dinner feast in the hope that the reader will be nourished holistically on multiple levels.<br>Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017.<br>Humanities Education<br>MEd<br>Unrestricted

La thèse actuelle propose un modèle interactif de capacité métalinguistique, de poésie et d'apprentissage des langues étrangères. Elle vise à examiner l'influence du cours d'anglais langue étrangère basé sur la poésie sur la capacité métaphonologique des élèves, et à explorer des relations entre leur capacité métaphonologique et les facteurs d'apprentissage tels que la pédagogie des enseignants, les stratégies d'apprentissage des langues des apprenants, l'exposition linguistique à l’anglais en dehors de la classe et les commentaires des élèves sur le cours d’anglais auquel on a intégré de la poésie. Deux études de cas visent à enquêter sur le développement de la capacité métaphonologique des élèves dans le cours d’anglais avec poésie, ainsi que les relations mentionnées ci-dessus. Une combinaison de méthodes quantitatives et de méthodes qualitatives est utilisée dans cette thèse. Les résultats de la quasi-expérience indiquent que la classe d'anglais prenant appui sur la poésie facilite le développement de la capacité métaphonologique des élèves dans une certaine mesure. La théorie de Bialystok (2001, 2012), la « noticing hypothesis » de Schmidt (Schmidt, 2010) et la poétique cognitive de Tsur (2008) sont utilisées pour analyser et expliquer les résultats des tests de capacité métaphonologique<br>The present study proposes an interactive model of metalinguistic awareness, poetry and foreign language learning. It aims at examining the influence from poetry-embedded class of English as a foreign language on pupils’ phonological awareness, with considering the relations between their phonological awareness and the factors in ecological learning environment that includes teacher’s instruction, learners’ language learning strategies, linguistic exposure to English that learners receive outside of classroom, and pupils’ feedback on the poetry sequence. Two case studies are conducted to probe into the development of pupils’ phonological awareness in the context of poetry-embedment English class, as well as the relations mentioned above. A combination of quantitative methods and qualitative methods are employed in the current study. The results of quasi-experiment of phonological awareness indicate poetry-embedment English class globally facilitates the development of pupils’ phonological awareness to some extent. Bialystok’s theory (2001, 2012) Schmidt’s noticing hypothesis (Schmidt,2010), and Tsur’s cognitive poetics (2008) are employed to interpret the results of phonological awareness tests

In the chapters that follow, the porous boundary between the public and the private in Jeremy Cronin’s poetry is investigated in his three collections, Inside (1983), Even the Dead: Poems, Parables and a Jeremiad (1996) and More Than a Casual Contact (2006). I argue two particular Marxist theorists are central to reading Cronin’s poetry: Bertolt Brecht, and his notion of the Verfremdungseffekt, and Walter Benjamin and his work on historical materialism, primarily the essay On the Concept of History / Theses on the Philosophy of History (1940). Both theorists focus on the work of art in a historically contextualized manner, which extends the challenge to the boundary between the public and the private. Their work is underpinned by the desire to draw out hidden narratives occluded under the grand narratives of history and capitalist ideas of progress. I argue that these are the major preoccupations in Cronin’s oeuvre as well. As such Cronin’s poetry may be seen to write against a perspective that proposes a linear conceptualisation of history. The poetry therefore challenges the notion that art speaks of ‘universal truths.’ Such ideas of History and Truth, if viewed uncritically, allow for a tendency to conceive of the past as unchanging, which subconsciously promotes the idea that social and political realities are merely logical evolutionary steps. I argue that Cronin’s poetry is thus purposefully interruptive in the way that it confronts the damaging consequences of the linear conceptualisation of history and the universal truth it promotes. His work attempts to find new ways of connection and expression through learning from South Africa’s violent past. The significance of understanding each other and the historical environment as opposed to imposing perspectives that underwrite the symbolic order requires the transformation rather than the simple transferral of power, and is a central focus throughout Cronin’s oeuvre. This position suggests that while the struggle for political freedom may be over, the necessity to rethink how South Africans relate to each other is only beginning. Chapter One will focus on positioning Cronin, the poet and public figure, in South African literature and literary criticism. In this regard, two general trends have operated as critical paradigms in the study of South African poetry, namely Formalism (or ‘prac crit’) and a Marxist inflected materialism, which have in many ways perpetuated the division between the private and the public. This has resulted in poetry being read with an exclusive focus on either one of these two aspects, overlooking the possibilities of dialogue that may take place between them. Cronin’s perspective on these polarised responses will be discussed, which will illustrate the similarity of his position to Ndebele’s notion of the ‘ordinary’ which suggests a way beyond these binaries. This will lead to a discussion of how South African poets responded to the transition phase, suggesting that the elements of the polarisation still remained. Considering the major influences and paradigms when reading Cronin’s oeuvre provides a foundation for the following three chapters. These include Cronin’s use of Romanticism, Bertolt Brecht and the V-Effekt and Walter Benjamin’s perspectives on historical materialism. In addition to these three theoretical paradigms, the relevance of Pablo Neruda’s poetry to Cronin’s work is also foregrounded. In Chapter Two, the focus will be on Cronin’s first collection of poetry, Inside, concentrating on Cronin’s use of language as a way of constructing poetry in the sparseness of the prison experience. This will show an abiding preoccupation of learning to speak in a language that considers the material context out of which it emerges. In this regard, the poems “Poem-Shrike” “Prologue” and “Cave-site” are analysed. In addition, one of the central poems in Cronin’s oeuvre, “To learn how to speak […],” will be examined in order to illustrate how the poet extends this project on a meta-poetic level, asking for South African poets to ‘learn how to speak’ in the voices of South African experience and histories. I will show how this is linked to Cronin’s “Walking on Air” which illustrates how the V-Effeckt recovers the small private histories through re-telling the life story of James Matthews, a fellow prisoner incarcerated for his anti-apartheid activism, revealing how this story is intimately connected to the public sphere. In Chapter Three, Cronin’s second collection: Even the Dead: Poems, Parables and a Jeremiad will be examined. In the poem “Three Reasons for a Mixed, Umrabulo, Round-the-Corner Poetry” Cronin resists inherited Western poetic conventions by incorporating and subverting versions of the Romantic aesthetic, arguing for poetry to be immersed in South African multi-lingual and multi-cultural experiences. “Even the Dead” reveals how Cronin uses Walter Benjamin’s perspectives on historical materialism to confront amnesia. In terms of the themes established in “To learn how to speak […]”, the poem “Moorage” demonstrates how the public and private can never be separated in Cronin’s work. The final section of this chapter will examine how Cronin responds to Pablo Neruda’s poems “I am explaining a few things” and “The Education of a Chieftain,” and how these poems challenge narratives that privilege the ‘great leader’ instead of the so-called smaller individuals’ stories. Chapter Four examines selections from Cronin’s third collection, focusing on Cronin’s use of the automobile, charting an ambiguous trajectory through the ‘new’ South Africa. The examination of the poems “Where to begin?”, “Switchback” and “End of the century - which is why wipers,” all attempt to include individuals left on the margins of the narrative of global freeways and neo-liberal capitalist progress. The poems present an interrogation of how ‘vision’ is constructed. This will show that the poetry responds to the experiences of the marginalised under these grand narratives in a primarily fragmentary and interruptive manner. This in effect constitutes the culmination of Cronin’s poetic journey and the search for new ways of envisaging South Africa’s future and finding a new language with which to speak it.

This study was an attempt to examine how poetry integrated with science could assist eighth graders in the memorization of key science vocabulary words. Furthermore, it would investigate if student attitude, interest, and motivation would improve with the use of the poetry. Instruction was adjusted to implement poetry into astronomy lessons. Memorization activities such as poems, chanting, and repetition were used to help students remember the vocabulary and the definitions. Pre/post tests were used to interpret if the poetry did assist in the memorization of the astronomy vocabulary. Science interest surveys and science attitude surveys were used to interpret if the use of the poetry helped to increase student interests in and attitudes toward science. This study was intended to be a first step toward proving how poetry could benefit students in the areas of memorization, attitude, and interest of science; and if successful, perhaps could be used to assist in other subjects as well.<br>M.Ed.<br>Other<br>Education<br>K-8 Math and Science MEd

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is an addition to the growing body of research on the relevance of mobile assisted learning (MALL) or m-learning. Grounded in a sound theoretical framework and informed by practice, it identifies the importance of literacy as a liberating skill, as well as the groundbreaking impact and potential of mobile technologies to enhance literacy levels in developing countries. The ubiquity of mobile devices worldwide, and specifically in South Africa, coupled with the educational needs arising from overcrowded classrooms, and a dearth of resources and textbooks in rural South Africa, led to the conception of this study. The objective was to ascertain the viability of incorporating web- and mobile technology based instruction to enhance the English literacy levels of Grade 8 (Senior Phase) students within the South African rural context. The study showed that there was a significant improvement in the participants’ reading comprehension, visual comprehension and writing skills. The encouraging results of this study indicate that web-based mobile instruction can indeed improve the literacy levels of learners from remote and disadvantaged communities. The implications of these findings for literacy development and emerging literacy development in rural communities are discussed in the final chapter of this thesis.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie lewer ‘n bydrae tot die groeiende navorsingsliggaam oor die invloed en moontlikhede van web-en mobiele tegnologiegebaseerde instruksie op die Engelse geletterdheidsvlak van Graad 8 (Seniorfase) leerders in die Suid-Afrikaanse landelike konteks. Die teoretiese basis van die studie word aangevul deur die praktiese toepassing daarvan. Die toenemende beskikbaarheid van mobiele en sellulêre toestelle wêreldwyd en spesifiek in Suid-Afrika, tesame met die opvoedkundige behoeftes wat ontstaan as ‘n uitvloeisel van oorvol klaskamers en die gebrek aan opvoedkundige hulpbronne en veral handboeke in landelike Suid- Afrika, het aan hierdie studie gestalte gegee. Die belangrikheid van geletterdheid as ‘n bemagtigingsvaardigheid, en die baanbrekersimpak en potensiaal van mobiele tegnologie om die geletterdheidsvlak van mense in Afrika en spesifiek Suid-Afrika te verbeter, word bespreek. Hierdie studie het bewys dat daar ‘n beduidende verbetering in die begriplees-, visuele begriplees- en skryfvaardighede van die deelnemers teweeggebring is. Die inspirerende uitslae van hierdie studie dui aan dat web-gebaseerde, mobiele instruksie en intervensie beslis die geletterdheidsvlak van leerders kan verbeter wat hulle in afgeleë, landelike of benadeelde gemeenskappe of omstandighede bevind. Die omvang en implikasies wat hierdie bevindinge vir geletterdheidsontwikkeling –en verbetering, asook vir ontluikende geletterdheidsonderrig inhou, word in die slothoofstuk van hierdie tesis bespreek.

Thesis (MPhil (Modern Foreign Languages))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.<br>The continuing decline in Matriculation pass rates is a matter of concern for government, educators, parents and students in South African schools. According to official statistics, only 8% of South Africans are mother-tongue English speakers, yet English is the chief language of learning and teaching in South African schools. Researchers relate the poor pass rate to inadequate proficiency in English of both English First Additional Language learners and some of their teachers. Research has further revealed a significant positive correlation between reading comprehension and academic achievement. Consensus exists among researchers about the necessity of a basic vocabulary (variously estimated at 2000 to 3000 words and more) for developing the necessary reading comprehension. Theories and approaches regarding the development of vocabulary, however, are sometimes diametrically opposed to one another. Among the most conflicting theories are those which advocate the acquisition of vocabulary by guessing the meanings of words from the context as opposed to those favouring conscious and deliberate vocabulary teaching, which may include lists of words. The current study briefly investigates underlying problems, theories, methods and approaches to enhancing learners’ vocabularies. Conclusions are applied to the development of an interactive, multimedia program for improving learners’ functional vocabularies. The content of the program is based on authentic texts and simulations of situations which call for language interaction. This is supplemented with extracts from classical literary works and poetry and entertaining verses which present possibilities for use in vocabulary building.

abstract: This dissertation shares findings from a yearlong qualitative case study of Young Voices Rise (YVR), a diverse spoken word poetry group in the urban Southwest. The study examined the group's characteristics and practices, adolescent members' views of their writing and themselves as writers, and changes members attributed to their experiences in YVR. Data sources included interviews with six adolescent poets and two adult teaching artists, observations of writing workshops and poetry slams, collection of group announcements through social media, and collection of poems. Sociocultural theory guided the study's design, and grounded theory was used to analyze data. This study found that YVR is a community of practice that offers multiple possibilities for engagement and fosters a safe space for storytelling. The adolescent participants have distinct writing practices and a strong sense of writing self; furthermore, they believe YVR has changed them and their writing. This study has several implications for secondary English language arts. Specifically, it recommends that teachers build safe spaces for storytelling, offer spoken word poetry as an option for exploring various topics and purposes, attend to writers' practices and preferences, encourage authentic participation and identity exploration, and support spoken word poetry school-wide.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Doctoral Dissertation Curriculum and Instruction 2015

碩士<br>逢甲大學<br>創意設計碩士學位學程<br>105<br>There are a great variety of Chinese language learning materials, but few are based on Chinese poetry, which is not only useful for the developing of awareness about the language being learned but also relevant for the improving of language ability, making it one of the best Chinese learning material. Apart from understanding what the usefulness of Chinese poetry teaching is and the areas that can be improved about Chinese poetry materials, the aim of this study is to determine whether Chinese poetry can be helpful for Chinese language learners when their poetry learning materials along with cultural with background knowledge are combined with mobile device learning. The purpose is to establish a set of Chinese poetry-based APP learning materials, hoping for it to serve as a reference for future study in designing Chinese teaching materials. Firstly, by means of literature review and analysis on Chinese poetry, this study is focused on the teaching materials by digital learning as the index in order to develop a set of Chinese poetry learning APP for use on mobile device. The tools used are mainly 3D Holography and APP Inventor 2. Then, the empirical study takes only one Chinese poem as the representative for the practical result of the display design. Finally, this empirical study use questionnaire for the survey using foreign students who are learning Chinese as the subjects for this study. The results are then analyzed by the difference of learning effectiveness between conventional Chinese poetry teaching materials and those proposed by present study, with the view to determine whether our purpose for the study achieved. The findings of this study shows both positive and negative comments on the using of 3D Holography display, with the extent of satisfaction being the lowest of the overall survey. Since the materials designed by this study involve a set of four language skills learning, the learning proposed can be exercised by each individual theme involving activities of interaction, and the learning effectiveness can be measured in a quantitative measure, hoping the findings of this study can serve as reference for future research, thus, allowing the learning materials of Chinese poetry to be oriented towards multiple types of learning through senses, with sound system of assessment.

碩士<br>靜宜大學<br>英國語文學系<br>107<br>The present study investigated the effectiveness of reciting Christina Rossetti’s poems to reinforce the training of young learners’ phonemic awareness and sight word recognition. Six Christina Rossetti’s poems were chosen for its delightful repetition, skillful alliteration, and rhyming words embedded in the pleasant chants, and all of them contain sight words. The researcher recruited eleven elementary school students aged from 9 to12 as the participants of this experiment. Participants received instruction of poetry recitation in an adapted form of “Poetry Academy Cycle.” The treatment duration was designed to be six weeks, and each session took forty minutes per week. The dominant features of poems, alliteration and rhyming words would be at the core of the training with hand-clapping. The instruments included the Phonemic Awareness Test (PAT), Sight Word Recognition Test (SWRT), Questionnaire of Attitudes toward the Program (QAP), questionnaire of students’ learning background information, parents’ feedback, and interviews. The results of the study indicated that poetry recitation benefits young learners’ phonemic awareness and sight word recognition, and the participants had more positive attitudes toward the program. Teachers should provide the practices that integrate with poetry academy cycle in the classroom in order to strengthen students’ phonemic awareness and sight words, as well as their reading ability.

Arabic text<br>One of the most important objectives of the Islamic Code is the reformation of character so that Divine justice may be achieved in human society. Two things are of paramount importance: -Teaching upcoming generations for being receptive to Islamic teachings so as to live a healthy future; and -Developing a healthy society that provides scope for successful survival of its members. Among numerous scholars that have undertaken this noble task is Shaikh Sa'di, the Persian mystical poet. A reading of his Gulistan confirms the didactic nature of his poetry. The history of human culture attests to the eminent position he occupies in refining morality of people regardless of their race or creed, and regardless of the era in which they live. The primary objective of this dissertation is to probe this literature which offers avenues for acquiring a firm sense of justice and felicity.<br>Religious Studies & Arabic<br>M.A. (Arabic)

Thesis (M. A. (Language Education)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017<br>This study investigates the methods of teaching poetry to English First Additional (EFAL) secondary school learners in the Shiluvane Circuit, in order to establish whether their teaching and learning methods equip them as second or additional language poetry teachers at secondary school level. Although English plays a significant role as a language of instruction at the secondary level in South Africa, underperformance at secondary school examinations has generated a continuous debate with many suggesting that the standards of English language competence has declined. Also the role of teachers is usually questioned whenever issues of learners’ performance are raised. The study focuses on the methods of teaching that English first additional language teachers use in poetry to instil the passion for the genre. This study was conducted in rural secondary schools. Forty learners from grade ten classes and their teachers participated. The study used qualitative approaches for gathering information through lesson observations, learners’ focus group interviews and teacher interviews at four secondary schools to evaluate the application of English poetry teaching. A case study design was used using 4 schools. This study is informed by Lev Vygotsky’s constructivist or socio-cultural theory (1978). Literature consulted points to the fact that the Shiluvane Circuit secondary teachers seem to avoid teaching poetry. This reveals that only four out of eleven secondary schools exposed their learners to poetry during their EFAL lessons. The findings also revealed that most respondents lacked interest in English poetry. Instead the learner interacting through cooperative or collaborative group work they competed against each other and believe in witchcraft should they share their learning experiences with fellow learners. The study recommended the use of different methods, such as cooperative learning, to teach poetry. Culturally relevant poems also add to the interest of the learners.

Submitted to the University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Education<br>The purpose of this project was to explore and establish whether the introduction of alternative inter-disciplinary pedagogies such as multiliteracy, multimodality and translanguaging would help improve learners' understanding of poetry specifically and improve their reading in general. The methodology adopted was action research, specifically, reflective classroom enquiry an educator my focus was on questioning my own practice for not only personal development, better professional practice and more, self-development through rigorous evaluation and critical self-examination to improve pedagogy. In other words, improving of professional practice is side by side with increase of knowledge in one’s practice. Crucial is involvement of another colleague in designing pedagogical instruments which cause for openness to alternative view points in the implementation. In collaboration with my colleague, findings seem to suggest that mixing translanguaging and multimodality in poetry teaching and learning can result favourably in an increase across four crucial pedagogical learning areas: more participation, increased engagement with the text and one another, positive interest in poetry, better clarity in expression of thoughts, feelings and emotions compared to the traditional way of teaching. Rigorous planning combined with relevant pedagogical tools are key in enhancement of poetry teaching and learning for better understanding and can thus change the negative attitude in poetry teaching, another element in this report is professional development from knowledge gained. Ultimately, the result is that more engagement in reflective practice improved my own pedagogical practice. This reflective classroom inquiry in poetry teaching enhances understanding in my own practice for better lesson delivery.<br>XL2019

This thesis explores the issues of immigration and identity that inform the experiences of adult English language learners and which can be addressed within a classroom context. Using practitioner research and an explicitly critical approach to literacy and learning, I conducted a six week workshop at a community English language school in New York City, working with eleven adult learners to discuss their lives in their native countries, decisions to move to the United States, and experiences living in a new country and learning English in an attempt to understand how those factors shape their learning and could be incorporated into the curriculum. This workshop used poetry as a means for students’ self-expression and demonstrated the importance of inviting adult immigrant students into collaborative, co-constructive learning environments where their lived experiences are at the core of their language learning process in order to allow for an inclusive negotiation of identity.