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1
Basri, Muhammad. "MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME GURU MEMBUAT RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) MELALUI SUPERVISI BIMBINGAN PRIBADI DI SDN 91/IX RENGAS BANDUNG." JURNAL PAJAR (Pendidikan dan Pengajaran) 3, no. 5 (September 19, 2019): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.33578/pjr.v3i5.7890.
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The urgency of research is there are still many teachers who find it difficult to develop, establish, to adjust, and then set up to make the Learning Implementation Plan, the right one and according to the characteristics of teaching materials, the nature of teaching materials and student development in general. The purpose of this study is to improve the professionalism of teachers to make lesson plans through supervision of personal guidance. This type of research is the School Action Research which consists of four main stages namely planning, action, observation, the research subjects consisted of 11 teachers from SDN 91 / IX Rengas Bandung, which consisted eight civil governent of teachers and three governent of teacher contract. The success criteria is a percentage of 85% in general and individually. The results showed that the total score of 39.09 in the first cycle increased significantly to 44.55 in the second cycle, the percentage of success of teachers 78.18% in the first cycle increased to 89.09% in the second cycle. The results obtained in the second cycle means that the achievement of teacher professionalism makes the implementation plan of learning by 85% in general or individually, therefore, it can be concluded that the supervision of personal guidance can improve the professionalism of teachers to make a Learning Implementation Plan at SDN 91 / IX Rengas Bandung
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Roemintoyo, Roemintoyo, Chyntia Dinda Nugraheni, Ida Nugroho Saputro, and Mochamad Kamil Budiarto. "Implementation of Production Based Learning Models in the Workshop Program of Education of Building Engineering Education Sebelas Maret University." Journal of World Englishes and Educational Practices 3, no. 6 (July 4, 2021): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jweep.2021.3.5.5.
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Building Engineering Education becomes a vocational education institution that prepares competent and professional graduates in building engineering. The background of this research is from the problem of the learning process that is not in accordance with the business world and the industrial world (DUDI). Through this research to see the products in Building Engineering Education seen from the teaching factory components. The purpose of this research is to find out: (1) competence delivered, (2) completion time, (3) the product is required internally/ externally. (4) investment needs. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The data used is the semester learning plan, college contracts and interviews. Sampling in this study using purposive sampling technique with snowball sampling technique. Based on the research results, it concluded that: (1) the competencies that are delivered from three managerial functions, namely learning planning in the form of semester learning plans (RPS) are following the existing planning stages; implementation of learning methods used project-based learning, (2) time for completion of the product processing process is completed on time according to the college contract, (3) products needed internally / externally, preferably the type of product that is in accordance with the market, (4) investment needs can be accepted in the market or used for further practice, the proceeds from product sales are allocated for maintenance and developments of tools.
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Ducey, Donald L., Robert G. Pond, and Ann Hayward Walker. "MULTI-PLAN-HOLDER EXERCISES: A COST-EFFECTIVE PREPAREDNESS APPROACH." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1997, no. 1 (April 1, 1997): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1997-1-615.
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ABSTRACT Facilities, vessels, and pipelines regulated under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), whether owned by a major international corporation or a small local company, face organizational and technical difficulties in their efforts to comply with the Preparedness for Response Exercise Program (PREP). Response exercises are but one priority competing for the plan holder's time, personnel, and budget dollars. Operators typically lack the in-house expertise and staff to design and conduct effective exercises or to budget dollars to contract for outside support. These problems could adversely affect the plan holders and impact their ability to work within a unified command during a spill. This paper discusses the obstacles to maintaining an adequate level of preparedness through traditional exercises and describes a cost-effective, innovative approach to exercises. By working with other plan holders in the area to conduct a combination workshop and exercise for each participating company, each operator can reduce costs, improve the value of exercises, and exercise facility plans in a unique and highly focused manner. The paper discusses the key issues of designing scenarios for each plan holder in a multi-plan-holder exercise while maintaining the focus of the workshop, the value to the predesignated on-scene coordinator, and the synergistic effects of plan holders learning from one another.
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Jamil, Faisal, Hyun Kook Kahng, Suyeon Kim, and Do-Hyeun Kim. "Towards Secure Fitness Framework Based on IoT-Enabled Blockchain Network Integrated with Machine Learning Algorithms." Sensors 21, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 1640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21051640.
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Blockchain technology has recently inspired remarkable attention due to its unique features, such as privacy, accountability, immutability, and anonymity, to name of the few. In contrast, core functionalities of most Internet of Things (IoT) resources make them vulnerable to security threats. The IoT devices, such as smartphones and tablets, have limited capacity in terms of network, computing, and storage, which make them easier for vulnerable threats. Furthermore, a massive amount of data produced by the IoT devices, which is still an open challenge for the existing platforms to process, analyze, and unearth underlying patterns to provide convenience environment. Therefore, a new solution is required to ensure data accountability, improve data privacy and accessibility, and extract hidden patterns and useful knowledge to provide adequate services. In this paper, we present a secure fitness framework that is based on an IoT-enabled blockchain network integrated with machine learning approaches. The proposed framework consists of two modules: a blockchain-based IoT network to provide security and integrity to sensing data as well as an enhanced smart contract enabled relationship and inference engine to discover hidden insights and useful knowledge from IoT and user device network data. The enhanced smart contract aims to support users with a practical application that provides real-time monitoring, control, easy access, and immutable logs of multiple devices that are deployed in several domains. The inference engine module aims to unearth underlying patterns and useful knowledge from IoT environment data, which helps in effective decision making to provide convenient services. For experimental analysis, we implement an intelligent fitness service that is based on an enhanced smart contract enabled relationship and inference engine as a case study where several IoT fitness devices are used to securely acquire user personalized fitness data. Furthermore, a real-time inference engine investigates user personalized data to discover useful knowledge and hidden insights. Based on inference engine knowledge, a recommendation model is developed to recommend a daily and monthly diet, as well as a workout plan for better and improved body shape. The recommendation model aims to facilitate a trainer formulating effective future decisions of trainee’s health in terms of a diet and workout plan. Lastly, for performance analysis, we have used Hyperledger Caliper to access the system performance in terms of latency, throughput, resource utilization, and varying orderer and peers nodes. The analysis results imply that the design architecture is applicable for resource-constrained IoT blockchain platform and it is extensible for different IoT scenarios.
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Firdaus, Achmad. "MENGEMBANGKAN SIKLUS PENERAPAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN KINERJA BERBASIS KEMASLAHATAN." al-Uqud : Journal of Islamic Economics 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/al-uqud.v2n1.p94-120.
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The study aims to develop the cycle of maslahah based performance management system (maslahah performa) implementation. Maslahah performa consists of 6 orientations are: worship orientation, internal process orientation, learning orientation, talent orientation, customer orientation and wealth orientation. The study is conducted through in-depth literature study of previous study related to the concept of maslahah, maslahah based performance management system, the balanced scorecard (BSC) and the quality management system. The study shows that maslahah performa can be applied with the foundation of PDCA cycle that is Plan - Do - Check - Action. Plan is developed into 5 steps: strategic planning, identifying the foundation of maslahah, determining the maslahah behavior, determining measures and agreeing the performance contract. Do is developed into performance implementation. Check is developed into monitoring process. Action is developed into corective and preventive action.
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Odongo, Nickson Herbert, Daoping Wang, Obadia Bishoge, and Tsitaire Jean Arrive. "A review of performance-geared contracting." TQM Journal 32, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 226–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-11-2018-0176.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of numerous writings addressing quality performance-geared contracting (PC) and self-stated performance. Design/methodology/approach The study systematically reviewed 134 refereed papers across various fields published between from 2000 to 2018. A categorization framework of PC is suggested addressing fundamental dimensions of its plan and management. Findings The relative analysis of pertinent articles advancing interdisciplinary perspective encourages learning and provides knowledge about quality management in organizations especially at individual and organizational levels. Research limitations/implications The outcomes indicate that much of the present-day wide-ranging performance contracting studies do not have robust theoretical grounds. Studies are also inclined to certain theories for instance agency theory and play down other theories with the likelihood of contributing to quality management. Practical implications Performance contracting between citizens and public entities is important in that the written contract limits what the public entities, for instance, the government can and cannot do and informs on the rights and privileges of citizens, thus contracts to form the core of a free society. Originality/value This review demonstrates that performance contracting is useful in performance improvement if proper job design and contract management exist.
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Syafari, Syafari. "Developing Algebra Structure Module and Model of Cooperative Learning Helping Concept Map Media for Improving Proofing Ability." International Education Studies 10, no. 3 (February 27, 2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n3p207.
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This research was purposed to develop module and learning model and instrument of proofing ability in algebra structure through cooperative learning with helping map concept media for students’ of mathematic major and mathematics education in State University and Private University in North Sumatra province. The subject of this research was the students’ of mathematic and mathematics education in Medan State University and Qualitye University. Developmental Research that oriented on developing product at stage and first year was done identification of proofing and positive behavior on algebra structure based on curriculum and was developed module and model cooperative learning with helping concept media map. The result that got at the first stage was the formula of proofing ability and positive behavior on algebra structure with first module and model cooperative learning assisting concept media map that assumed effective, efficient in algebra structure. Module and model of this learning consist of the book of lecturing guiding (lecturing unity schedule, lecturing contract, and lesson plan), module, and book of students’ assignment.
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Susilo, Bambang Eko, Hery Sutarto, and David Mubarok. "Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Geometri Ruang dengan Model Proving Theorem." Kreano, Jurnal Matematika Kreatif-Inovatif 6, no. 2 (March 2, 2016): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kreano.v6i2.4979.
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<p>Kemampuan berpikir kritis dan kreatif mahasiswa masih lemah. Hal ini ditemukan pada mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah Geometri Ruang yaitu dalam membuktikan soal-soal pembuktian (<em>problem to proof</em>). Mahasiswa masih menyelesaikan secara algoritmik atau prosedural sehingga diperlukan pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran Geometri Ruang berbasis kompetensi dan konservasi dengan model <em>Proving Theorem. </em>Dalam penelitian ini perangkat perkuliahan yang dikembangkan yaitu Silabus, Satuan Acara Perkuliahan (SAP), Kontrak Perkuliahan, Media Pembelajaran, Bahan Ajar, Tes UTS dan UAS serta Angket Karakter Konservasi telah dilaksanakan dengan baik dengan kriteria (1) validasi perangkat pembelajaran mata kuliah Geometri ruang berbasis kompetensi dan konservasi dengan model <em>proving theorem </em>berkategori baik dan layak digunakan dan (2) keterlaksanaan RPP pada pembelajaran yang dikembangkan secara keseluruhan berkategori baik.</p><p><em>Critical and creative thinking abilities of students still weak. It is found in students who take Space Geometry subjects that is in solving problems to to prove. Students still finish in algorithmic or procedural so that the required the development of Space Geometry learning tools based on competency and conservation with Proving Theorem models. This is a research development which refers to the 4-D models that have been modified for the Space Geometry learning tools, second semester academic year 2014/2015. Instruments used include validation sheet, learning tools and character assessment questionnaire. In this research, the learning tools are developed, namely Syllabus, Lesson Plan, Lecture Contract, Learning Media, Teaching Material, Tests, and Character Conservation Questionnaire had been properly implemented with the criteria (1) validation of Space Geometry learning tools based on competency and conservation with Proving Theorem models categorized good and feasible to use, and (2) the implementation of Lesson Plan on learning categorized good overall</em>. </p>
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Sungheetha, Akey, and Rajesh Sharma R. "A Comparative Machine Learning Study on IT Sector Edge Nearer to Working From Home (WFH) Contract Category for Improving Productivity." December 2020 2, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jaicn.2020.4.004.
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Many private companies in India offered working from home (WFH) for employees due to COVID’19 lockdown. The WFH has both merits and demerits for the employees as well as employer when it compared within office working environment. Many research works is showing many opinions about increases or decreases of productivity in the real time for any industries. This works talks about WFH impression is leads to edge nearer for the efficient productivity to any employer. In addition, the research article is providing survey of the benefits and demerits of WFH in India. In the view of the higher capacity, ultra very low level inactivity for better security is in the internetwork domain, there are lots of benefits in telework, and internet based work. The predicting development is done by Random Forest, Decision Tree, and Naïve Bayes for future with the help of three datasets. The datasets has taken from three types of general public such as city, town, and village for this research analysis. This research article is weighing up the rate of changes of productivity from the employees. Finally, this research work compares the learning method analysis includes prediction of rate of change of productivity from employees at city region. This prediction is computed by ML algorithm. Based on this prediction employers can improve and plan for their production and control the system in a better way.
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Brot-Goldberg, Zarek C., Amitabh Chandra, Benjamin R. Handel, and Jonathan T. Kolstad. "What does a Deductible Do? The Impact of Cost-Sharing on Health Care Prices, Quantities, and Spending Dynamics*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 3 (April 27, 2017): 1261–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx013.
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Abstract Measuring consumer responsiveness to medical care prices is a central issue in health economics and a key ingredient in the optimal design and regulation of health insurance markets. We leverage a natural experiment at a large self-insured firm that required all of its employees to switch from an insurance plan that provided free health care to a nonlinear, high-deductible plan. The switch caused a spending reduction between 11.8% and 13.8% of total firm-wide health spending. We decompose this spending reduction into the components of (i) consumer price shopping, (ii) quantity reductions, and (iii) quantity substitutions and find that spending reductions are entirely due to outright reductions in quantity. We find no evidence of consumers learning to price shop after two years in high-deductible coverage. Consumers reduce quantities across the spectrum of health care services, including potentially valuable care (e.g., preventive services) and potentially wasteful care (e.g., imaging services). To better understand these changes, we study how consumers respond to the complex structure of the high-deductible contract. Consumers respond heavily to spot prices at the time of care, reducing their spending by 42% when under the deductible, conditional on their true expected end-of-year price and their prior year end-of-year marginal price. There is no evidence of learning to respond to the true shadow price in the second year post-switch.
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Caves, Lonzo. "Lifelong Learners Influencing Organizational Change." Studies in Business and Economics 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2018-0002.
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AbstractOrganizational change occurs in every organization that deals with growth and transition. Organizational leaders develop a commitment to lifelong learning throughout their careers. As the organizational leader grows, the organization in which they lead grows as well. Organizational leaders are characterized by how they develop their strategic plan that will influence change. Discipline is essential to the development of a leader influencing organizational change. Organizational leaders create psychological contracts with employees to build trust, confidence, and business relationships. Psychological contracts motivate employees intrinsically, and in ways that go beyond the confines of the physical contract signed between employees and management. Organizational leaders honor psychological contracts to take advantage of the talented employees that can benefit the organization. Psychological contracts assist leaders guiding their organization through changes by creating intrinsic motivators to develop an understanding of expectations. Changes that need to occur should be well communicated and implemented at a time that offers the organization and advantage rather than a setback. Leadership differs from management by requiring an alternative approach when dealing with employees and how to direct change at the individual, group, or larger system level. Organizational leaders create an environment for change that must be nurtured for the employees to commit to following the leader. Organizational change develops throughout the life cycle of an organization and is dependent on the organizational leader’s willingness to continue to learn.
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Suyitno, Hardi, and Rochmad Rochmad. "Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Filsafat Matematika melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dengan Strategi Berbasis Kompetensi dan Konservasi." Kreano, Jurnal Matematika Kreatif-Inovatif 6, no. 2 (December 6, 2015): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kreano.v6i2.4981.
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<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran Filsafat Matematika melalui pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dengan strategi berbasis kompetensi dan konservasi. Perangkat dikembangkan menggunakan model 4-D yang dicetuskan oleh Thiagarajan, Semmel, & Semmel. Dari segi validitas, silabus yang dikembangkan memperoleh skor kevalidan 86.11, SAP yang dikembangkan memperoleh skor kevalidan 89.58, kontrak perkuliahan yang dikembangkan memperoleh skor kevalidan 86.81, lembar kerja mahasiswa yang dikembangkan memperoleh skor kevalidan 86.81. Sementara dari segi kepraktisan, hasil pengamatan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran mendapatkan skor 91.00, serta respon positif mahasiswa terhadap semua aspek berada di atas 50%. Dari segi keefektifan, diperoleh hasil bahwa nilai rata-rata hasil tes pertama dan kedua meningkat dari 84.43 menjadi 94.49. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran Filsafat Matematika yang dikembangkan bersifat valid, praktis, dan efektif.</p><p>This research aims to develop a learning tools of Philosophy of Mathematics through STAD cooperative learning with the competency-based and conservation-based strategies. We develop the learning tools using 4-D models developed by Thiagarajan, Semmel, & Semmel. In terms of validity, the syllabus obtain a score of validity 86.11, lesson plan obtain a score of validity 89.58, lectures contract obtain a score of validity 86.81, and student worksheets obtain a score of validity 86.81. In terms of practicality, observation of feasibility study get a score of 91.00, and we get more then 50% of positive response for all aspects in a questionnaire filled out by students. In terms of effectiveness, the average value of the first and the second test results increase of 84.43 into 94.49. These results suggest that the learning tools developed are valid, practical, and effective.</p>
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Sitepu, B. P., and Ika Lestari. "PELAKSANAAN RENCANA PEMBELAJARAN SEMESTER DALAM PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI." Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan 32, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/pip.321.6.
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Higher-education curriculum is contained in Semester Learning Plan (RPS) as stated in Permenristekdikti No. 44 of 2015. RPS should bind lecturers and students into the contract of study/ college so that it needs to be supervised and examination of the quality of RPS made by lecturers. The purpose of this study is to conduct surveys and observations within the Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Jakarta to obtain complete and accurate data and information. Referring to its purpose, this research includes descriptive evaluative research using qualitative and quantitative data. Data collection techniques used questionnaires, interviews, and document studies. Data is processed and analyzed using simple and descriptive statistics. The research was conducted in the Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Negeri Jakarta in 2017. The results from the research are the percentage of lecturers to make RPS, student involvement in refining RPS, RPS utilization for students, students' knowledge on the subject and learning objectives during the course, and the references used. Further recommendations can be evaluated on the content of RPS made by lecturers in accordance with Permenristekdikti No. 44 of 2015.
References
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Harvey, L. & Knight, P.T. (1996). Transforming higher education. Buckingham: SRHE and University Press.
Hussey, T. & Smith, P. (2010). The trouble with higher education: A critical examination of our universities. New York: Routledge.
McNeil, J.D. (1996). Curriculum: A comprehensive in-troduction. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.
Reigeluth, M. C. (1983). Instructional-design theories and models, An overview of their current status. New jersey: London.
Sanjaya, W. (2009). Strategi pembelajaran berorientasi standar proses pendidikan. Jakarta: Prenada
Shattock, M. (2004). Managing successful universities. Berkshire: SRHE and University Press.
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Tyler, R.W. (1949). Basic principles of curriculum and instruction. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Permendikbud No 49 Tahun 2014
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Peraturan pemerintah No 19 Tahun 2005
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Haines, Danell J., Ken Kaiser, and Annemarie Farrell. "How to Develop and Administer a College Recreational Sports Graduate Administrative Assistant Research Program." Recreational Sports Journal 33, no. 1 (April 2009): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/rsj.33.1.35.
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Strategies to teach young college recreational sports (CRS) professionals how to conduct research and to increase conducted and reported research within the CRS field need to be developed and shared within the profession. The product of these strategies will help to ensure data-driven decision making in CRS. The purpose of this article is to share the strategy used to develop and administer a Graduate Administrative Assistant (GAA) research program. It is hoped that the program will be replicated in other CRS departments because of the research experience that GAAs receive and the increased research in CRS. There are certain elements that make a CRS GAA research program work. First, the GAA needs to be aware of the research requirement before signing the GAA contract. Ongoing communication between the GAA and research mentor is necessary for the continual progress of the project. Before starting the research project, the GAA is required to write a research proposal. The proposal provides a step-by-step plan on how to administer the research project and includes the following sections: introduction, methodology, analysis of data, significance of study, budget, and timeline. Achievable research goals or purposes are established up front and from the research proposal. In addition, project tasks are placed on a timeline. Finally, flexibility is required on the mentor's part to adjust expectations, allow more time for teaching research skills, or assist with parts of the project that do not provide significant GAA learning. The capstone of the GAA research experience is the research symposium. The GAAs present their research to a captive audience of CRS professionals and invited guests. The CRS GAA research program provides the GAA with practical research experience and scholarly achievement while providing the CRS profession with new knowledge.
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Huang, Huayi, Emily R. Jefferson, Mark Gotink, Carol Sinclair, Stewart W. Mercer, and Bruce Guthrie. "Collaborative improvement in Scottish GP clusters after the Quality and Outcomes Framework: a qualitative study." British Journal of General Practice 71, no. 710 (April 1, 2021): e719-e727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp.2020.1101.
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BackgroundScotland abolished the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) in April 2016, before implementing a new Scottish GP contract in April 2018. Since 2016, groups of practices (GP clusters) have been incentivised to meet regularly to plan and organise quality improvement (QI) as part of this new direction in primary care policy.AimTo understand the organisation and perceived impact of GP clusters, including how they use quantitative data for improvement.Design and settingThematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (n = 17) and observations of GP cluster meetings (n = 6) in two clusters.MethodThis analytical strategy was combined with a purposive (variation) sampling approach to the sources of data, to try to identify commonalities across diverse stakeholder experiences of working in or on the idea of GP clusters. Variation was sought particularly in terms of stakeholders’ level of involvement in improvement initiatives, and in their disciplinary affiliations.ResultsThere was uncertainty as to whether GP clusters should focus on activities generated internally or externally by the wider healthcare system (for example, from Scottish Health Boards), although the two observed clusters generally generated their own ideas and issues. Clusters operated with variable administrative/managerial and data support, and variable baseline leadership experience and QI skills. Qualitative approaches formed the focus of collaborative learning in cluster meetings, through sharing and discussion of member practices’ own understandings and experiences. Less evidence was observed of data analytics being championed in these meetings, partly because of barriers to accessing the analytics data and existing data quality.ConclusionCluster development would benefit from more consistent training and support for cluster leads in small-group facilitation, leadership, and QI expertise, and data analytics access and capacity. While GP clusters are up and running, their impact is likely to be limited without further investment in developing capacity in these areas.
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Karpathakis, Kassandra, Gene Libow, Henry W. W. Potts, Simon Dixon, Felix Greaves, and Elizabeth Murray. "An Evaluation Service for Digital Public Health Interventions: User-Centered Design Approach." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): e28356. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/28356.
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Background Digital health interventions (DHIs) have the potential to improve public health by combining effective interventions and population reach. However, what biomedical researchers and digital developers consider an effective intervention differs, thereby creating an ongoing challenge to integrating their respective approaches when evaluating DHIs. Objective This study aims to report on the Public Health England (PHE) initiative set out to operationalize an evaluation framework that combines biomedical and digital approaches and demonstrates the impact, cost-effectiveness, and benefit of DHIs on public health. Methods We comprised a multidisciplinary project team including service designers, academics, and public health professionals and used user-centered design methods, such as qualitative research, engagement with end users and stakeholders, and iterative learning. The iterative approach enabled the team to sequentially define the problem, understand user needs, identify opportunity areas, develop concepts, test prototypes, and plan service implementation. Stakeholders, senior leaders from PHE, and a working group critiqued the outputs. Results We identified 26 themes and 82 user needs from semistructured interviews (N=15), expressed as 46 Jobs To Be Done, which were then validated across the journey of evaluation design for a DHI. We identified seven essential concepts for evaluating DHIs: evaluation thinking, evaluation canvas, contract assistant, testing toolkit, development history, data hub, and publish health outcomes. Of these, three concepts were prioritized for further testing and development, and subsequently refined into the proposed PHE Evaluation Service for public health DHIs. Testing with PHE’s Couch-to-5K app digital team confirmed the viability, desirability, and feasibility of both the evaluation approach and the Evaluation Service. Conclusions An iterative, user-centered design approach enabled PHE to combine the strengths of academic and biomedical disciplines with the expertise of nonacademic and digital developers for evaluating DHIs. Design-led methodologies can add value to public health settings. The subsequent service, now known as Evaluating Digital Health Products, is currently in use by health bodies in the United Kingdom and is available to others for tackling the problem of evaluating DHIs pragmatically and responsively.
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Shen, Mei, and Gary A. Troia. "Teaching Children With Language-Learning Disabilities to Plan and Revise Compare–Contrast Texts." Learning Disability Quarterly 41, no. 1 (March 26, 2017): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731948717701260.
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This study used a multiple-probe, multiple-baseline single-case design to investigate the efficacy of planning, and then revising strategy instruction using self-regulated strategy development on the compare–contrast writing performance of three late elementary students with language-learning disabilities. After receiving the planning instruction, all three students spent more time planning and generated quality written plans. Their essays were longer, included more text structure elements, and demonstrated better overall quality. After receiving the subsequent revising instruction, further increases in writing accuracy were found, but planning time, quality of written plans, text length, and text structure elements somewhat decreased. Also, overall essay quality did not further improve following revising instruction. Positive gains were maintained for 4 weeks and generalized to writing explanatory essays.
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Domenech, Philippe, Sylvain Rheims, and Etienne Koechlin. "Neural mechanisms resolving exploitation-exploration dilemmas in the medial prefrontal cortex." Science 369, no. 6507 (August 27, 2020): eabb0184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0184.
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Everyday life often requires arbitrating between pursuing an ongoing action plan by possibly adjusting it versus exploring a new action plan instead. Resolving this so-called exploitation-exploration dilemma involves the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Using human intracranial electrophysiological recordings, we discovered that neural activity in the ventral mPFC infers and tracks the reliability of the ongoing plan to proactively encode upcoming action outcomes as either learning signals or potential triggers to explore new plans. By contrast, the dorsal mPFC exhibits neural responses to action outcomes, which results in either improving or abandoning the ongoing plan. Thus, the mPFC resolves the exploitation-exploration dilemma through a two-stage, predictive coding process: a proactive ventromedial stage that constructs the functional signification of upcoming action outcomes and a reactive dorsomedial stage that guides behavior in response to action outcomes.
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Hemphill, Annie A., and Bradley D. Marianno. "Teachers’ Unions, Collective Bargaining, and the Response to COVID-19." Education Finance and Policy 16, no. 1 (January 2021): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp_a_00326.
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In response to the COVID-19 crisis, school districts worked quickly to roll out distance learning plans in the spring. Sometimes these plans impinged upon or were directly in conflict with provisions found in collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) negotiated between teachers' unions and district administration. In this brief, we unpack how urban school systems changed CBAs to make way for learning under COVID-19 conditions. We review COVID-19–related contract changes in 101 urban school districts around the country. We find that twenty-five urban school districts returned to the bargaining table with teachers’ unions to negotiate short-term fixes to CBAs that allowed for more flexibility to implement distance learning. These contract changes focused on several areas of the CBA, including compensation, workload, non-teaching duties, evaluation, leave, and technology. We argue that the lessons learned in spring contract negotiations have implications for the design and implementation of fall schooling plans, and that how fall schooling plays out will shape teacher morale and labor relations beyond the 2020–21 school year.
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Chirwa, Andrew S. "Telecommunication as an Aid for Concept Development among Student Teachers." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 27, no. 1 (September 1998): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/nmj0-ja8b-ajbf-6j7d.
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This study was motivated by the need to understand how student teachers build concepts in telecommunication environments. The study aimed at determining how student teachers develop concrete concepts and defined concepts. The purpose was to develop a repertoire of what constitutes classes of lesson plans in technology-based learning environments and determine their significance to instructional design. The goal was to expose student teachers to AskEric Database. The objectives were to demonstrate the role of intellectual skills in developing conceptualizations, compare and contrast elements of a lesson plan, and define the role of telecommunication in learning. An elaborate scheme of activities was developed for student teachers to process materials in the AskEric database. These activities included students examining the various lesson plans in the content areas featuring mathematics, science, language arts, social studies, art, geography, and history. Lesson plans were characterized as concepts, and individual elements. The telecommunication was perceived as an integrated whole, and was evaluated on the criteria embedded in the student's interaction with the lesson plans as a context. Data shows that student teachers generated their own examples of how to identify concepts and characterize them as “concrete concepts.” They classified the instructional events to develop “defined concepts” and characterizations of the given materials. The individual elements of lesson plans were identified and listed in the following order of hierarchy: grade level, topic sentences, goals, objectives, activities, evaluation procedures, resources, and level on the Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Two roles found to support the teaching and process learning were enhancement of learning, and instructional depth. “Enhancement of learning” is defined as a learner's competency to recruit cognitive strategies for the purpose of determining whether lesson plans are structurally meaningful to promote the teaching and learning among children. “Instructional depth” is defined as the capability of the technology to facilitate the dissemination of information in a sequential manner for the purpose of promoting the effective organization of information among learners. Cognitive strategies, competency, constructing a knowledge base, and growth were five factors found to initiate concept development among student teachers. These data have implication to instructional design, program improvement, and evaluation of instruction in computer-based learning environments.
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Oberai, Assad, Bino Varghese, Steven Cen, Tomas Angelini, Darryl Hwang, Inderbir Gill, Manju Aron, Christopher Lau, and Vinay Duddalwar. "Deep learning based classification of solid lipid-poor contrast enhancing renal masses using contrast enhanced CT." British Journal of Radiology 93, no. 1111 (July 2020): 20200002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20200002.
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Objective: Establish a workflow that utilizes convolutional neural nets (CNN) to classify solid, lipid-poor, contrast enhancing renal masses using multiphase contrast enhanced CT (CECT) images and to assess the performance of the resulting network. Methods: In this institutional review board approved study of 143 patients with predominantly solid, lipid-poor, contrast enhancing renal lesions (46 benign and 97 malignant), patients with a pre-operative multiphase CECT of the abdomen and pelvis obtained between June 2009 and June 2015 were retrospectively queried. Benign renal masses included oncocytoma and lipid-poor angiomyolipoma and the malignant group included clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe carcinomas. Region of interests of whole tumor volumes were manually segmented, and CT phase images with the largest cross-section of the segmented tumor in the axial plane were used for assessment. Post-surgical pathological evaluation was used to establish diagnosis. The segmented images of renal masses were used as input to a CNN. The data were augmented and split into training (83.9%) and validation sets (16.1%) to determine the hyperparameters of the CNN. Thereafter. the performance of the resulting CNN was quantified using eightfold cross-validation. Results: The CNN-based classifier demonstrated an overall accuracy of 78% (95% confidence interval: 76–80%), sensitivity of 70% (95% confidence interval: 66–74%), specificity of 81% (79–83%) and an area under the curve of 0.82. Conclusion: A CNN-based classifier to diagnose solid enhancing malignant renal masses based on multiphase CECT images was developed. Advances in knowledge: It was established that a CNN-based classifier could be trained to accurately distinguish malignant renal lesions.
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Li, Zijian, Shiyou Ren, Ri Zhou, Xiaocheng Jiang, Tian You, Canfeng Li, and Wentao Zhang. "Deep Learning-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Image Features for Diagnosis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (July 2, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4076175.
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To study and explore the adoption value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, a multimodal feature fusion model based on deep learning was proposed for MRI diagnosis. After the related performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated, it was utilized in the diagnosis of knee joint injuries. Thirty patients with knee joint injuries who came to our hospital for treatment were selected, and all patients were diagnosed with MRI based on deep learning multimodal feature fusion model (MRI group) and arthroscopy (arthroscopy group). The results showed that deep learning-based MRI sagittal plane detection had a great advantage and a high accuracy of 96.28% in the prediction task of ACL tearing. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI in the diagnosis of ACL injury was 96.78%, 90.62%, and 92.17%, respectively, and there was no considerable difference in contrast to the results obtained through arthroscopy ( P > 0.05 ). The positive rate of acute ACL patients with bone contusion and medial collateral ligament injury was substantially superior to that of chronic injury. Moreover, the incidence of chronic injury ACL injury with meniscus tear and cartilage injury was notably higher than that of acute injury, with remarkable differences ( P < 0.05 ). In summary, MRI images based on deep learning improved the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ACL injury diagnosis and can accurately determined the type of ACL injury. In addition, it can provide reference information for clinical treatment plan selection and surgery and can be applied and promoted in clinical diagnosis.
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Sugimori, Hiroyuki. "Classification of Computed Tomography Images in Different Slice Positions Using Deep Learning." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (July 16, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1753480.
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This study aimed at elucidating the relationship between the number of computed tomography (CT) images, including data concerning the accuracy of models and contrast enhancement for classifying the images. We enrolled 1539 patients who underwent contrast or noncontrast CT imaging, followed by dividing the CT imaging dataset for creating classification models into 10 classes for brain, neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis with contrast-enhanced and plain imaging. The number of images prepared in each class were 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, and 10,000. Accordingly, the names of datasets were defined as 0.1K, 0.5K, 1K, 2K, 3K, 4K, 5K, 6K, 7K, 8K, 9K, and 10K, respectively. We subsequently created and evaluated the models and compared the convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture between AlexNet and GoogLeNet. The time required for training models of AlexNet was lesser than that for GoogLeNet. The best overall accuracy for the classification of 10 classes was 0.721 with the 10K dataset of GoogLeNet. Furthermore, the best overall accuracy for the classification of the slice position without contrast media was 0.862 with the 2K dataset of AlexNet.
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Zheng, Huadong, Jianbin Hu, Chaojun Zhou, and Xiaoxi Wang. "Computing 3D Phase-Type Holograms Based on Deep Learning Method." Photonics 8, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8070280.
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Computer holography is a technology that use a mathematical model of optical holography to generate digital holograms. It has wide and promising applications in various areas, especially holographic display. However, traditional computational algorithms for generation of phase-type holograms based on iterative optimization have a built-in tradeoff between the calculating speed and accuracy, which severely limits the performance of computational holograms in advanced applications. Recently, several deep learning based computational methods for generating holograms have gained more and more attention. In this paper, a convolutional neural network for generation of multi-plane holograms and its training strategy is proposed using a multi-plane iterative angular spectrum algorithm (ASM). The well-trained network indicates an excellent ability to generate phase-only holograms for multi-plane input images and to reconstruct correct images in the corresponding depth plane. Numerical simulations and optical reconstructions show that the accuracy of this method is almost the same with traditional iterative methods but the computational time decreases dramatically. The result images show a high quality through analysis of the image performance indicators, e.g., peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM) and contrast ratio. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through experimental investigations.
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Kim, Hyosub E., Guy Avraham, and Richard B. Ivry. "The Psychology of Reaching: Action Selection, Movement Implementation, and Sensorimotor Learning." Annual Review of Psychology 72, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 61–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010419-051053.
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The study of motor planning and learning in humans has undergone a dramatic transformation in the 20 years since this journal's last review of this topic. The behavioral analysis of movement, the foundational approach for psychology, has been complemented by ideas from control theory, computer science, statistics, and, most notably, neuroscience. The result of this interdisciplinary approach has been a focus on the computational level of analysis, leading to the development of mechanistic models at the psychological level to explain how humans plan, execute, and consolidate skilled reaching movements. This review emphasizes new perspectives on action selection and motor planning, research that stands in contrast to the previously dominant representation-based perspective of motor programming, as well as an emerging literature highlighting the convergent operation of multiple processes in sensorimotor learning.
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Williams, D. B. "The Next Generation of TEMs." Microscopy Today 7, no. 3 (April 1999): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500064087.
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A selection of the more common questions arising during a typical lab course for materials majors learning to use a TEM is as follows1) Why must I insert the objective aperture, which governs image contrast, in the diffraction plane?2) Why must I insert the selected area diffraction aperture, which governs the diffraction pattern contrast in the image plane?3) Why is the TEM relatively useless if both apertures are in at the same time or both are out?4) Why is the contrast in my images always greatest when the beam is parallel - which makes the screen intensity so weak, I sometimes can't see the contrast anyhow?5) Why, when I need to record a diffraction pattern, do I have to learn to estimate exposure time from the analog screen, rather than just push a button and get a correct exposure, as in most other optical instruments and cameras?
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McDougle, Samuel D., Krista M. Bond, and Jordan A. Taylor. "Implications of plan-based generalization in sensorimotor adaptation." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00974.2016.
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Generalization is a fundamental aspect of behavior, allowing for the transfer of knowledge from one context to another. The details of this transfer are thought to reveal how the brain represents what it learns. Generalization has been a central focus in studies of sensorimotor adaptation, and its pattern has been well characterized: Learning of new dynamic and kinematic transformations in one region of space tapers off in a Gaussian-like fashion to neighboring untrained regions, echoing tuned population codes in the brain. In contrast to common allusions to generalization in cognitive science, generalization in visually guided reaching is usually framed as a passive consequence of neural tuning functions rather than a cognitive feature of learning. While previous research has presumed that maximum generalization occurs at the instructed task goal or the actual movement direction, recent work suggests that maximum generalization may occur at the location of an explicitly accessible movement plan. Here we provide further support for plan-based generalization, formalize this theory in an updated model of adaptation, and test several unexpected implications of the model. First, we employ a generalization paradigm to parameterize the generalization function and ascertain its maximum point. We then apply the derived generalization function to our model and successfully simulate and fit the time course of implicit adaptation across three behavioral experiments. We find that dynamics predicted by plan-based generalization are borne out in the data, are contrary to what traditional models predict, and lead to surprising implications for the behavioral, computational, and neural characteristics of sensorimotor adaptation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The pattern of generalization is thought to reveal how the motor system represents learned actions. Recent work has made the intriguing suggestion that maximum generalization in sensorimotor adaptation tasks occurs at the location of the learned movement plan. Here we support this interpretation, develop a novel model of motor adaptation that incorporates plan-based generalization, and use the model to successfully predict surprising dynamics in the time course of adaptation across several conditions.
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Soliday, Elizabeth, and Suzanne R. Smith. "Teaching University Students About Evidence-Based Perinatal Care: Effects on Learning and Future Care Preferences." Journal of Perinatal Education 26, no. 3 (2017): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.26.3.144.
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ABSTRACTU.S. university students hold generally medicalized views on childbirth, which contrast with evidence indicating that low-intervention birth is safest for most. Therefore, intentional efforts are needed to educate childbearing populations on perinatal care evidence. Toward that aim, this study involved teaching university students in an introductory class (N = 50) about evidence-based perinatal care. Students completed a “future birth plan” and an essay on how their learning affected care preferences. Analyses revealed that students selected evidence-based care components up to 100 times more frequently than what the national data indicate they are used. Students based care selections on evidence, costs, and personal views. Their interest in physiologic birth has important implications for advancing education on perinatal care, practice, and policy.
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Rodríguez-Espinosa, Holmes, Luis Fernando Restrepo-Betancur, and Gloria Cristina Luna-Cabrera. "Percepción del estudiantado sobre la evaluación del aprendizaje en la educación superior." Revista Electrónica Educare 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.20-3.18.
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This research aimed to know university students’ perception about learning assessment carried out by their teachers, their level of objectivity and skill, among other aspects. The study was conducted in Medellin, Colombia, between January and July 2015. A final sample size of 400 university students from public and private institutions, randomly selected, was used. The data analysis was carried out by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with orthogonal-type canonical contrast, factor analysis, and one-dimensional type frequency analysis. It was found that university students have a good perception about the assessment practices of their teachers. Likewise, highly significant differences between men and women in their perception of learning assessment were identified. Students consider that learning assessment practices have contributed to improve their learning and are in accordance with the learning objectives. Nevertheless, most students have felt that their teachers are not objective in evaluation and they often use questions that confuse students, and very theoretical questions without application to practice. A lack of non-traditional assessment practices, such as peer assessment, self-assessment as well as virtual platforms use for assessments, was found. These findings imply the need to improve teacher training on assessment skills to allow them to plan evaluation as a strategy to improve learning, involving students in an active way.
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Andrews, Tessa C., Anna Jo J. Auerbach, and Emily F. Grant. "Exploring the Relationship between Teacher Knowledge and Active-Learning Implementation in Large College Biology Courses." CBE—Life Sciences Education 18, no. 4 (December 2019): ar48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-01-0010.
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Not all instructors implement active-learning strategies in a way that maximizes student outcomes. One potential explanation for variation in active-learning effectiveness is variation in the teaching knowledge an instructor draws upon. Guided by theoretical frameworks of pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge, this study investigated the teaching knowledge instructors used in planning, implementing, and reflecting on active-learning lessons in large courses. We used a preinstruction interview, video footage of a target class session, and a postinstruction interview with stimulated recall to elicit the teaching knowledge participants used. We then conducted qualitative content analysis to describe and contrast teaching knowledge employed by instructors implementing active learning that required students to generate their own understandings (i.e., generative instruction) and active learning largely focused on activity and recall (i.e., active instruction). Participants engaging in generative instruction exhibited teaching knowledge distinct from that of participants focused on activity. Those using generative instruction drew on pedagogical knowledge to design lessons focused on students generating reasoning; integrated pedagogical content knowledge and pedagogical knowledge to plan lessons to target student difficulties; and created opportunities to develop new pedagogical content knowledge while teaching. This work generated hypotheses about the teaching knowledge necessary for effective, generative active-learning instruction.
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Wang, Xuetao, Geng Yang, Yiwen Zhang, Lin Zhu, Xiaoguang Xue, Bailin Zhang, Chunya Cai, et al. "Automated delineation of nasopharynx gross tumor volume for nasopharyngeal carcinoma by plain CT combining contrast-enhanced CT using deep learning." Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16878507.2020.1795565.
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Formato, Giuseppe. "Instilling Critical Pedagogy in the Italian Language Classroom." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0906.01.
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This article explores theoretical underpinnings for the use of critical pedagogy in the Italian language learning classroom. Its description of various components of critical theory lends a historical context for critical pedagogy, particularly in the arguments of Gramsci and the Frankfurt School, that contrast with positivist tenets. These critical elements extend to the classroom in a Freirian framework, including concepts such as banking, coding, and conscientization. Such lenses apply to the realm of foreign language teaching, particularly aspects of transformative learning. Issues surrounding materials design are also considered. Avenues and opportunities for critical thinking are explored through lesson plan ideas, as well as possible thematic unit topic suggestions in Italian courses. This paper concludes with questions for future research by language scholars in the field of education, in addition to a call to action for educators of Italian.
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Panselinas, Giorgos, Efi Fragkoulaki, Nikolaos Angelidakis, Stavros Papadakis, Eleytherios Tzagkarakis, and Vassileios Manassakis. "Monitoring Students’ Perceptions in an App Inventor School Course." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science, CIE (March 8, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.0.cie.633.
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MIT App Inventor is a block-based programming environment for children and teenagers that sets a “low floor” for allowing creative app building while engaging students in complex computational thinking activities. The present study aims at (a) monitoring students’ perceptions on ‘popularity’ and ‘perceived difficulty’ of certain activities/lessons through the implementation of an App Inventor course in a Greek lower high school, (b) detecting any course design or activity/lesson plan and implementation factors that affected students’ perceptions and finally (c) evaluating their experience with App Inventor in contrast with their previous experience with MicroWorlds Pro and Scratch. Our study confirms students’ positive perceptions such as positive task value beliefs and self-efficacy, identifies features of successful “resources learning” in competence-based learning and finally offers a students’ comparison between App Inventor, MicroWorlds Pro and Scratch.
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Babb, Sarah. "What next for Tech SA? Aligning leadership, culture and strategy." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 10, no. 3 (July 9, 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-02-2019-0043.
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Learning outcomes Identify, compare and contrast current and aspirational organisational cultures. Describe desired leadership capacities and how these contribute to building a culture and strategy. Describe ways to align culture with strategy including building an ambidextrous organisation. Case overview/synopsis Growth remained flat for Tech SA towards the end of 2016. As a subsidiary of a global information technology services firm, Tech SA was under pressure to meet its growth plan. With this in mind, a new culture and values framework to be more innovative, collaborative and responsive had been adopted. This was to match the demands of the volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous world the company finds itself in. While the organisation had a tradition of serving long-standing clients and contracts to high standards, it was not used to working with radical change and disruptive innovation. To achieve this, significant changes in leadership behaviours were required. The organisation had recognised the need for these changes and a leadership development programme was devised to enable 200 of its top leaders to make the required cultural and behavioural shifts to lead in these times. Although the leadership programme was well into its second year, the targets of the growth plan had not been achieved and the leadership behaviours had not yet been instilled across the business. If the growth plan was not achieved, John would need to consider cost-cutting and retrenching. This was the last thing John wanted to do as he had worked alongside his colleagues for 12 years. What else could John do and say to the leaders to make the required changes urgently needed as a matter of survival? What would it take to deliver to existing clients and explore new products and markets? Complexity academic level Masters, Masters of Business Administration (MBA), Executive MBA and Executive leadership. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 7: Management Science.
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Becker, Lukas Bernhard, Virginia Deborah Elaine Welter, and Jörg Großschedl. "Effects of Strategy Training and Elaboration vs. Retrieval Settings on Learning of Cell Biology Using Concept Mapping." Education Sciences 11, no. 9 (September 10, 2021): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11090530.
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Concept mapping (CM) can be an effective strategy to facilitate understanding-based learning of complex and abstract scientific content. In our study, we tried to answer two questions that have not yet been clarified: (1) How effective is CM if the learners do not have the textual learning material available when constructing their concept maps (retrieval setting) in contrast to when the material is available (elaboration setting)? (2) Do potential effects of the two settings depend on the intensity of a previous CM strategy training? To this end, we established a quasi-experimental four-group plan and collected data of N = 93 undergraduate students. The participants received either a detailed CM strategy training or just a short introduction and were then asked to apply CM in a retrieval or elaboration setting. The quality of constructed concept maps and content-related learning success were assessed to determine potential group differences. Overall, our results show a significantly positive but setting-independent effect of the CM strategy training on methodical CM skills. However, the different setting conditions differed neither regarding concept map quality nor content-related learning success, implying that CM in retrieval settings could be as effective as in elaboration settings.
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Lisawati, Lisawati. "Comparative Study of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Leraning Management at Elementary School." WARAQAT : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman 5, no. 2 (December 16, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51590/waraqat.v5i2.114.
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Islamic religious education learning at each educational institution has a different management pattern even though at one level within the education unit level, differences in management need to be disclosed as an effort to obtain information related to the strengths and weaknesses of each institution, related to this, this study aimed to find out the management of Islamic religious education carried out by teachers at two public elementary schools. From the data analysis conducted, Islamic religious education management at SD Negeri 02 and 13 Petok Pasaman are: 1) Islamic teachers carry out various preparations and designs before implementing learning, the preparation of learning plans was carried out through studies of various aspects related to learning. 2) the learning implementation by the teachers of SDN 02 was quite creative and innovative, in contrast to the Islamic religious education at SD Negeri 13 which still relies on conventional aspects of learning methods and media. 3)Islamic teacher of SD Negeri 02 Petok conducted a conceptual, structured, and systematic learning evaluation.
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Mahajan, Shubham, Akshay Raina, Xiao-Zhi Gao, and Amit Kant Pandit. "Plant Recognition Using Morphological Feature Extraction and Transfer Learning over SVM and AdaBoost." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020356.
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Plant species recognition from visual data has always been a challenging task for Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers, due to a number of complications in the task, such as the enormous data to be processed due to vast number of floral species. There are many sources from a plant that can be used as feature aspects for an AI-based model, but features related to parts like leaves are considered as more significant for the task, primarily due to easy accessibility, than other parts like flowers, stems, etc. With this notion, we propose a plant species recognition model based on morphological features extracted from corresponding leaves’ images using the support vector machine (SVM) with adaptive boosting technique. This proposed framework includes the pre-processing, extraction of features and classification into one of the species. Various morphological features like centroid, major axis length, minor axis length, solidity, perimeter, and orientation are extracted from the digital images of various categories of leaves. In addition to this, transfer learning, as suggested by some previous studies, has also been used in the feature extraction process. Various classifiers like the kNN, decision trees, and multilayer perceptron (with and without AdaBoost) are employed on the opensource dataset, FLAVIA, to certify our study in its robustness, in contrast to other classifier frameworks. With this, our study also signifies the additional advantage of 10-fold cross validation over other dataset partitioning strategies, thereby achieving a precision rate of 95.85%.
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He, Lei, Ziang Xie, Yi Peng, Yan Song, and Shenzhi Dai. "How Can Post-Disaster Recovery Plans Be Improved Based on Historical Learning? A Comparison of Wenchuan Earthquake and Lushan Earthquake Recovery Plans." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (September 3, 2019): 4811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174811.
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Despite the emphasis on sustainability in post-disaster recovery plans (PDRPs), few studies have been conducted to investigate the information conveyed in disaster recovery plans in terms of sustainability. We aimed to investigate, in terms of sustainability, how post-disaster recovery plans can be improved from historical learning by examining local recovery plans that were developed and adopted after the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes, which are two representative post-disaster recovery cases in China. An evaluation protocol for sustainability issues was developed to analyze the recovery plans of the most severely affected counties and towns in Wenchuan (16 samples) and Lushan (7 samples). A comparative analysis was conducted to identify the similarities, differences, and evolution of sustainability considerations in these PDRPs. Semi-structured interviews with key informants were conducted to supplement the evaluation with qualitative data. The results show that the components and concepts of sustainability in PDRPs are conveyed and developed mostly by following the organization’s existing patterns and regulations. In contrast, some components are retained across plans, thereby suggesting a substantial general structure of recovery plans. The underlying logic of this experience transfer across plans was discussed. The findings can help local governments and planners to effectively incorporate sustainability into PDRPs.
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Astuti, Dwi, Wing Wahyu Winarno, and Amir Fatah Sofyan. "The design of information technology strategic plans in educational institutions." International Journal Artificial Intelligent and Informatics 1, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33292/ijarlit.v1i1.2.
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Strategic Plan, which is usually taken from Vision, Mission, Objectives, Policies, Programs and activities that are oriented towards the goal for a certain period relating to the main tasks and functions of the Agency / Institution, prepared by consider the developments of strategic environment, the sustainability of organization without strategic plan will not be directed and guaranteed because there are no management guidelines and system improvements in order to increase the competition with other business actors. STMIK Bina Patria is a private university (PTS), but it does not have an information system (SI) strategic plan. The information system contributes to improve the quality of students’ services, operational efficiency, and students’ satisfaction. With SI / IT, the monitoring, coordination, and decision can be performed effectively. The goal can be achieved if the organization has a clear plan. And, researchers make an IT strategic plan for STMIK Bina Patria according to the TOGAF Framework with data analysis methods of Value Chain, Critical Success Factors, and SWOT. The analysis results showed that by the availability of 4 applications, 3 applications do not require any improvement, namely SI-KEU, E-LEARNING and E-JOURNAL. In contrast, an application which is SI-AKAD requires additional features. There were 5 proposed applications to be built, namely SI-PMB, SI-ALUMNI, SI-MUTU, SI-PERPUST and SI-DASHBOARD. All of application proposals are mapped into the application development roadmap within the next 5 years.
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Hatton, Chris, and Eric Emerson. "Trends in the identification of children with learning disabilities within state schools in England." Tizard Learning Disability Review 21, no. 2 (April 4, 2016): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tldr-01-2016-0002.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present data drawn from the Department for Education (DfE)concerning trends in the number of children identified as having a learning disability within state schools in England. Design/methodology/approach – Data based on the school census conducted by the DfE was examined annually for 2009/2010 to 2014/2015, to determine the number of children identified as having moderate learning difficulty (MLD), severe learning difficulty (SLD) or profound multiple learning difficulty (PMLD) within state schools in England, at two levels: having a Statement of Educational Needs/Education Health Care Plan, or at School Action Plus. Findings – The number of children identified as MLD reduced substantially over time, for both statemented children and children identified at the School Action Plus level. In contrast, the smaller number of statemented children with SLD or PMLD increased over time, in line with increasing school rolls and epidemiological trends. Research limitations/implications – Further work is needed to understand the sharp reduction in the number of children being identified as having MLD within schools, and the educational support being offered to this group of children. Better information is also needed on children with learning disabilities not being educated in the state school sector. Originality/value – This paper highlights important trends in the identification of children with learning disabilities in state schools in England, with consequences for how large groups of children are being supported.
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Almagro Armenteros, Jose Juan, Marco Salvatore, Olof Emanuelsson, Ole Winther, Gunnar von Heijne, Arne Elofsson, and Henrik Nielsen. "Detecting sequence signals in targeting peptides using deep learning." Life Science Alliance 2, no. 5 (September 30, 2019): e201900429. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.201900429.
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In bioinformatics, machine learning methods have been used to predict features embedded in the sequences. In contrast to what is generally assumed, machine learning approaches can also provide new insights into the underlying biology. Here, we demonstrate this by presenting TargetP 2.0, a novel state-of-the-art method to identify N-terminal sorting signals, which direct proteins to the secretory pathway, mitochondria, and chloroplasts or other plastids. By examining the strongest signals from the attention layer in the network, we find that the second residue in the protein, that is, the one following the initial methionine, has a strong influence on the classification. We observe that two-thirds of chloroplast and thylakoid transit peptides have an alanine in position 2, compared with 20% in other plant proteins. We also note that in fungi and single-celled eukaryotes, less than 30% of the targeting peptides have an amino acid that allows the removal of the N-terminal methionine compared with 60% for the proteins without targeting peptide. The importance of this feature for predictions has not been highlighted before.
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Kahtz, Anthony W., and Gary J. Kling. "Comparisons of Field-dependent and -independent Student Learning Preferences in an Ornamental Horticulture Class with an Emphasis on Computer-assisted Instruction." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 510a—510. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.510a.
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Learning Preference differences and similarities of field-dependent/-independent students were investigated with an emphasis on the usage of a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) program designed for a woody plant identification class. Qualitative interviews further investigated each participant's cognitive learning style after administration of the Group Embedded Figures Test instrument. The findings were congruent with the theory of field dependency. In addition, results indicated that field independent students felt that using CAI was beneficial, but may prove to be more advantageous with provided structure. In contrast, field-dependent students did not feel there was any benefit in using a CAI program, but, with provided structure, benefits may occur. However, both field-dependent/-independent students would prefer a greater usage of visuals in this CAI program.
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Morgan, Bobbette M., Alma D. Rodriguez, and Graciela P. Rosenberg. "Cooperative Learning, Jigsaw Strategies, And Reflections Of Graduate And Undergraduate Education Students." College Teaching Methods & Styles Journal (CTMS) 4, no. 2 (August 3, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ctms.v4i2.5519.
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Classes of undergraduate and graduate students assigned to three professors were used to experience cooperative learning, jigsaw strategies, and to reflect on the process that occurred over a semester. The work is based upon theories of social interdependence, cognitive development, and behavioral learning. Pre- and post surveys were completed by 23 graduate and 57 undergraduate education students to compare and contrast knowledge about their experiences working cooperatively and specifically in a jigsaw format that included the role of expert, preparation pairs, and in groups of three where positive interdependence is structured through resource interdependence with a summary by the professor. Anonymous student reflections about their experiences were also collected. Results are analyzed and shared. Cooperative learning requires much more than simply putting students in groups as many university education students believe. By giving undergraduate and graduate students the opportunity to work in jigsaw groups this project increased the awareness of the pre-service and in-service educators concerning cooperative groups using structured jigsaws. As they experienced challenges in working cooperatively themselves, they began to discuss and plan how these challenges might occur with K-12 students and how the challenges could be met through how they design lessons for their classrooms.
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EWERTH, RALPH, MARKUS MÜHLING, and BERND FREISLEBEN. "SELF-SUPERVISED LEARNING OF FACE APPEARANCES IN TV CASTS AND MOVIES." International Journal of Semantic Computing 01, no. 02 (June 2007): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793351x0700010x.
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Retrieving information about the occurrences of persons in a video is an important task in many video indexing and retrieval applications. The problem is to answer the question "In which shots and scenes does person X appear?". In this paper, we present an automatic video annotation system with respect to a person's appearance based on state-of-the-art algorithms for face detection, tracking and recognition. In contrast to many related approaches, knowledge about the persons in a given video is not assumed in advance. Adaboost is employed after an initial clustering of faces to select the best features describing a person's face. These features are then used to train new classifiers based only on the faces extracted from the video under consideration. Several possibilities to train Adaboost and Support Vector Machine (ensemble) classifiers directly on a video are compared. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of correcting in-plane face rotation and of the employed self-supervised learning method.
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Huang, G. Q., B. Shen, and K. L. Mak. "WWW.TELD.NET: Online Courseware Engine for Teaching by Examples and Learning by Doing." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 29, no. 3 (March 2001): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/60jh-hhnh-62g3-qh9r.
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TELD stands for “Teaching by Examples and Learning by Doing.” It is an on-line courseware engine over the World Wide Web. There are four folds of meanings in TELD. First, TELD represents a teaching and learning method that unifies a number of contemporary methods such as Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in medical education, Project-Based Learning (PBL) in engineering education, and Case Method (CM) in business education. Second, TELD serves as a Web server for hosting teaching and learning materials especially based on the TELD method. A variety of on-line facilities are provided for editing and uploading course materials such as syllabus, schedule, curriculum, examples of case study, exercises of mini-project, formative and summative assessments, etc. Third, TELD is a courseware search engine where educators are able to register their course materials and search for materials suitable for a particular course. In contrast with general-purpose search engines, TELD is set up for the special purpose of education. Therefore, the time and efforts spent on surfing are expected to be reduced dramatically. Finally, TELD is an on-line virtual classroom for electronic delivery of electronic curriculum materials. In addition to providing the lecture notes, TELD not only provides discussion questions for conducting in-class discussions and homework as formative assessment but also provides facilities for students to plan and submit their group work. This article presents an overview of the TELD courseware engine together with its background and underlying philosophy.
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Housni, Mohamed, Mohammed Talbi, and Abdelwahed Namir. "Simple Technology is an Improved Solution for a Post-Pandemic Informative System: A Reference Model." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 16, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i16.23211.
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COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digitalization and the implementation of technological tools to distribute knowledge and content to certify the instructional process's steadiness despite the restrictions posed in many nations worldwide. However, multi-models of development and integrations based on multitudes of theoretical and conceptual frameworks made it difficult for deciders during the year - especially in developing countries - to follow a clear path based on their contextual needs. Based on a literature review and historical Data, Learning Ana-lytics research, and its empirical results, this article proposes a data-analytics model for growth. Training/educational technologies help stakeholders use data as intelligence sources to implement technologies that will improve traditional learning procedures without constraining practices. As a result, the paper also suggests, according to the pragmatic results, a 4-year plan applicable in multidi-mensional contexts to enhance the organization's learning capabilities as a whole unit to face future trials. The return on experience in the last year of the pandemic contracts the methodological basis of results. Furthermore, this manuscript's aim is defined by the urgent necessity of post-pandemic solutions to positively safe-guard the future of keeping the wheel of knowledge running for the learners and warrant upcoming transition into using data as a source of developing new learn-ing technologies.
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Nelson, Elizabeth, and Brett Spencer. "Playing as Argument Architects: Bridging a Learning Gap in the Research Process." Pennsylvania Libraries: Research & Practice 8, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/palrap.2020.219.
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This article reports on the design process and initial results of a project to create a board game, Argument Architect, that bridges the gap between librarians’ and students’ understanding of research and rhetoric. Some students perceive research as a step-by-step, linear process; in contrast, however, most librarians view it as an iterative, dynamic activity. In order to use Argument Architect as a springboard to a classroom conversation, we designed it to avoid the competitive/destructive nature of most board games in favor of a cooperative/constructive schema that fostered a flowing, playful, and reflective dialog between students and librarians about the “messy” nature of research. We also kept in mind our practical needs, as instruction librarians, for a game with flexibility, scalability, portability, and intuitive play that we could efficiently deploy multiple times in composition classes with different class lengths and assignments. We share details and images of the game in multiple stages of development, student and instructor reactions, and future plans.
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Seng Hup Chia, Brendan, Ashley Li Kuan Ong, and Zubin Master. "RTHP-26. DOSIMETRIC FEASIBILITY STUDY USING HIPPOCAMPAL AVOIDANCE WITH SIMULTANEOUS INTEGRATED BOOST WHOLE BRAIN RADIOTHERAPY (HA-SIB-WBRT)." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.897.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Recently Hippocampal Avoidance (HA-) WBRT has become a recommended treatment option in patients with multiple (≥ 5) brain metastases and good prognosis. We wanted to investigate the dosimetric feasibility of dose painting technique combining HA-WBRT with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) to tumours. METHOD 5 patients who had a CT simulation fused with brain MRI with fine cuts, were selected for this study. Volumes were contoured on T1w contrast images. Whole brain prescription dose was 30Gy in 12 fractions. A PTV margin of 2mm was applied to lesions, except when these were ≤5mm from organs at risks (OARs). A simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) of 48Gy and 40.2Gy was prescribed to these volumes respectively. Hippocampal constraints followed RTOG 0933 protocol. For lesions ≤5mm from OARs, the acceptable D0.03cc≤42Gy was allowed. All plans were planned on EclipseTM v.13.6 TPS using 6MV photons, VMAT technique with 3 coplanar and 1 non-coplanar arcs for Varian TrueBeam machine. RESULTS Plans had between 6–24 lesions with GTV and PTV of 3.02–11.32cc and 7.05–31.74cc respectively. 3 of the plans had lesions within/adjacent to brainstem or hippocampus. The achieved PTV_40.2Gy D95% 37.42–39.05Gy with Conformity Index (CI)(95%) 0.63–1.06, PTV_48Gy D95% 44.64–47.04Gy with CI(95%) 0.75–0.97 and GTV_48Gy D95% 47.44–50.16Gy. Whole brain Dmean 31.87–33.15Gy with a Homogeneity Index (D2%-D98%/Dmean) 0.18–0.58. Hippocampal D100% 8.69–10.1Gy, D0.03cc 16.5–40.43Gy and Dmean 12.66–24.68Gy. SUMMARY: There was a steep learning curve when adopting this technique and multiple plan iterations were made to achieve target constraints. To meet acceptable OAR constraints, SIB coverage was compromised. Lesions ≤5mm from hippocampus resulted in higher Hippocampal average Dmean 22.8Gy vs. 12.8Gy. The significance of this value should be tested in clinical trials. Overall, HA-SIB-WBRT seems feasible even with ≥ 5 brain metastases and could result in better brain metastases control then HA-WBRT alone.
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Toma, Simone, Alessandra Sciutti, Charalambos Papaxanthis, and Thierry Pozzo. "Visuomotor adaptation to a visual rotation is gravity dependent." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 6 (March 15, 2015): 1885–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00369.2014.
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Humans perform vertical and horizontal arm motions with different temporal patterns. The specific velocity profiles are chosen by the central nervous system by integrating the gravitational force field to minimize energy expenditure. However, what happens when a visuomotor rotation is applied, so that a motion performed in the horizontal plane is perceived as vertical? We investigated the dynamic of the adaptation of the spatial and temporal properties of a pointing motion during prolonged exposure to a 90° visuomotor rotation, where a horizontal movement was associated with a vertical visual feedback. We found that participants immediately adapted the spatial parameters of motion to the conflicting visual scene in order to keep their arm trajectory straight. In contrast, the initial symmetric velocity profiles specific for a horizontal motion were progressively modified during the conflict exposure, becoming more asymmetric and similar to those appropriate for a vertical motion. Importantly, this visual effect that increased with repetitions was not followed by a consistent aftereffect when the conflicting visual feedback was absent (catch and washout trials). In a control experiment we demonstrated that an intrinsic representation of the temporal structure of perceived vertical motions could provide the error signal allowing for this progressive adaptation of motion timing. These findings suggest that gravity strongly constrains motor learning and the reweighting process between visual and proprioceptive sensory inputs, leading to the selection of a motor plan that is suboptimal in terms of energy expenditure.
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Craver, Joshua K., and Kimberly A. Williams. "Assessing Student Learning From an Experiential Module in a Greenhouse Management Course Using Hydroponics and Recirculating Solution Culture." HortTechnology 24, no. 5 (October 2014): 610–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.24.5.610.
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Student learning from producing crops in recirculating culture for a 6-week module in the Fall 2013 course HORT 570 Greenhouse Operations Management at Kansas State University was assessed. The module design followed Kolb’s experiential learning model, with teams of students responsible for production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa ‘Green Oak Leaf’) or basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Italian Large Leaf’) and chives (Allium schoenoprasum ‘Purly’) crops in either a nutrient film technique (NFT) or in-pot recirculating culture system. Goals were to discern if this class experience would 1) improve student confidence and understanding of not only recirculating solution culture systems, but also general crop nutrient management; and 2) improve higher-order learning (HOL) skills of applying, analyzing, and evaluating information. Student learning was evaluated by administering the same survey, which included questions to evaluate student perception, lower-order learning (LOL), and HOL, at four separate times during the semester: 1) before mentioning plant nutrition, hydroponics, or recirculating solution culture; 2) after plant nutrition lectures but before the experiential module; 3) immediately upon completion of the experiential module; and 4) at the end of the semester. An increase in student confidence related to managing crop production in recirculating solution culture and nutrient management was perceived by students upon completion of the module. A significant increase in LOL occurred after the material was presented during the course lectures with an increase also occurring upon completion of the experiential module. In contrast, HOL did not significantly increase after the lecture material was presented, but significantly increased upon completion of the module. Both LOL and HOL was retained at the end of the semester. This evidence supports the role of experiential learning in improving student understanding and fostering HOL.