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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Least cost'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Seegmiller, Lindsi. "Modeling and optimization of least-cost corridors." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291279.

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Given a grid of cells, each having a value indicating its cost per unit area, a variant of the least-cost path problem is to find a corridor of a specified width connecting two termini such that its cost-weighted area is minimized. A computationally efficient method exists for finding such corridors, but as is the case with conventional raster-based least-cost paths, their incremental orientations are limited to a fixed number of (typically eight orthogonal and diagonal) directions, and therefore, regardless of the grid resolution, they tend to deviate from those conceivable on the Euclidean p

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2

Cerecke, Carl. "Locally least-cost error repair in LR parsers." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Computer Science, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5492.

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This thesis presents some methods for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of locally least-cost error repair algorithms for an LR-based parser. Three different algorithms for reducing the search space are described and compared using a collection of 59,643 incorrect Java programs collected from novice programmers. Two of the algorithms prove particularly effective at reducing the search space. Also presented is a more efficient priority queue implementation for storing transformations of the input string. The effect on repairs of different grammars describing the same language is invest

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Klünder, Michael. "Least-cost Planning ein energiepolitisches Instrument auf dem Prüfstand /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960908811.

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4

Holmes, Jane Hope. "Least-cost expansion planning in the electricity supply industry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14089.

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Formerly, to meet increases in electricity demand or to replace obsolete stations, the decision to build a new power station of a particular fuel type was not based wholly on economic grounds. Often political pressure (e.g. using coal to keep mines open), national strategy (e.g. building of nuclear reactors) or government policy (e.g. introduction of hydro generation in Scotland to counter population drift) dominated the expansion planning process. With the advent of the availability of inexpensive computing power, planning based solely on economics, with calculations that are mathematically c

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5

Buck, Rebecca Arlene. "Integrating the Least-Cost Grade-Mix Solver into ROMI." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36339.

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Up to 70 percent of rough mill manufacturing expenses stem from raw material (lumber) cost. Rough mill costs can be reduced by optimizing the lumber grade or grades that are purchased. This solution is known as the least-cost lumber grade-mix solution. The least-cost lumber grade-mix solutions has been a topic of great interest to both the secondary hardwood industry and to academia since even small changes in raw material cost can contribute to substantial reduction in rough mill expenses. A statistical model was developed for finding the least-cost lumber grade-mix which uses the rough mi

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Garcia, Ivan. "Solving the weighted region least cost path problem using transputers." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27274.

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7

Olsson, John Mogren. "Modeling least cost electricity system scenarios for Bangladesh using OSeMOSYS." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276995.

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In order to achieve sustainable development, countries like Bangladesh need to develop their electricity systems to guarantee their citizens access to modern energy services and achieve economic development, while not compromising the global climate. The purpose of this study is to examine what mix of technologies leads to the least costs for the electricity system under different scenario assumptions. This is done by creating a model of the electricity system, using the linear optimization tool OSeMOSYS. The results show a prominence of ultra-supercritical coal power as the lowest cost option

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8

Chaabouni, Moncef 1973. "Least-cost ground holding strategies with departure and arrival delay uncertainties." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28208.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1999.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 69).<br>Ground Holding Programs (GDP) were introduced in the early eighties to lower the air traffic controllers' workload when airports are congested and aircraft have o wait in the air before they can land. The underlying idea is that it is cheaper (i.e. lower operating costs for the airline) and safer to wait on the ground at the origin airport than wait in the air at the destination airport when both departure and arrival airports have uncerta

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9

Abdulnabi, I. O. N. "Optimization of centrifugal pumps operation for least cost and maximum availability." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12480.

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There are five M.O.L. Centrifugal pumps “Main Oil Line” in Ghani oil field for transporting crude oil from Ghani oil field to Joffra oil field at a distance of about 81.25 miles (130Km) then from Joffra oil field to Ras Lanuf Terminal at a distance of about 84.40 miles (135Km). The five centrifugal pumps do not all have the same specifications. Three of these pumps have the same power (255 Kw) and are working with five impellers but the other two pumps have the same power (150 Kw) and are working with six impellers. The efficiency and the head are the same for each pump. So the total power in

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10

Leprich, Uwe. "Least cost planning als Regulierungskonzept : neue ökonomische Strategien zur rationellen Verwendung elektrischer Energie /." Freiburg [Breisgau] : Öko-Inst, 1994. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=006157639&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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11

Stahl, Christopher Wayne. "Accumulated Surfaces & Least-Cost Paths: GIS Modeling for Autonomous Ground Vehicle (AGV) Navigation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33266.

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The Geographic Information System (GIS) is a crucial part of any land navigation system. Autonomous ground vehicles should have access to stored geographic data and the ability to manipulate it for routing purposes. Since there is no human interaction involved in operating these vehicles, data that a human driver would use to make decisions must be stored in the GIS. The data which represent the earthâ s surface become a series of factors and constraints which translate to friction in terms of mobility. Factors need to be weighted appropriately, but require a sensitivity analysis before desig

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Yoo, Young Seong. "Achieving water quality standards in Han River : least cost and its allocation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285739.

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13

Alfstad, Thomas. "Development of a least cost energy supply model for the SADC region." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6769.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Energy plays a pivotal role in economic growth and improving livelihoods. Although better supply of energy does not automatically guarantee an acceleration of human development, it is a prerequisite for it. It is essential for preparation and conservation of food, for sanitation and for all productive activity. Finding effective means of providing safe, affordable and reliable energy services is therefore of critical importance to governments and organisations endeavouring to promote sustainable development. Energy also places excessive strain on investm

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Kashyap, Poonam. "Modelling least-cost technology and low carbon scenarios for Northern Ireland Electricity market." Thesis, Ulster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603543.

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Northern Ireland is facing significant challenge in terms of carbon emissions reduction targets and energy security concerns over rising prices of fossil fuel. The UK Climate Change Act, 2008 requires net reduction in carbon emissions at least 80% lower than 1990 levels by 2050. Northern Ireland has set regional target to meet the national commitment to reduce carbon emissions by 25% below 1990 levels by 2025. Renewable energy particularly on-shore and off-shore wind will play an important role in the electricity generation mix in order to achieve the national and regional targets. The aim of

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McCarthy, Patrick J. "A least cost study for book procurement at the Naval Postgraduate School library." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/30656.

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Approved for public release, distribution unlimited<br>The primary objective of this thesis is to perform a cost effectiveness analysis of the various purchasing methods available to Dudley Knox Library on the Naval Postgraduate School campus in Monterey, California. The intent of the study is to identify the most cost efficient method of procuring books within the guidelines of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). The research was conducted by reviewing current literature and interviewing persons acquainted with the various cost elements which occur when purchasing books at the Naval Pos

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Bauer, Kevin L. "Intelligent Pen: A least cost search approach to Stroke Extraction in Historical Documents." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5862.

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Extracting strokes from handwriting in historical documents provides high-level features for the challenging problem of handwriting recognition. Such handwriting often contains noise, faint or incomplete strokes, strokes with gaps, overlapping ascenders and descenders and competing lines when embedded in a table or form, making it unsuitable for local line following algorithms or associated binarization schemes. We introduce Intelligent Pen for piece-wise optimal stroke extraction. Extracted strokes are stitched together to provide a complete trace of the handwriting. Intelligent Pen formulate

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Haas, Randall, Ioana C. Stefanescu, Alexander Garcia-Putnam, et al. "Humans permanently occupied the Andean highlands by at least 7 ka." ROYAL SOC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624958.

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High-elevation environments above 2500 metres above sea level (m.a.s.l.) were among the planet's last frontiers of human colonization. Research on the speed and tempo of this colonization process is active and holds implications for understanding rates of genetic, physiological and cultural adaptation in our species. Permanent occupation of high-elevation environments in the Andes Mountains of South America tentatively began with hunter-gatherers around 9 ka according to current archaeological estimates, though the timing is currently debated. Recent observations on the archaeological site of

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18

Sheriff, Glenn David. "A least-cost mechanism to achieve agricultural income and conservation targets under asymmetric information." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2053.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.<br>Thesis research directed by: Agricultural and Resource Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Rivas, Alexander. "Traversing the Terrain: A Least Cost Analysis on Intersite Causeways in the Maya Region." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6344.

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The study of ancient Maya causeways is crucial for understanding Maya social and spatial organization. Archaeologists have been interested in Maya causeways for decades, specifically documenting their locations. More recently, the use of Geographic Information Systems, or GIS, has been used for understanding the spatial organization of archaeological sites. GIS analyses on ancient Maya causeways however have been very limited. This thesis aims to evaluate ancient Maya causeways through GIS analysis. Specifically, five intersite causeway systems are looked at: the Mirador Basin, Yaxuna-Coba-Ixi

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Gärds, Joacim, and Martin Oscarsson. "Exploring the use of GIS-based Least-cost Corridors for Designing Alternative Highway Alignments." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254595.

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Finding an optimal route for a new highway alignment is a task which requires a lot of resources. In the planning phase, choosing the location of a new highway alignment is very important as it will heavily affect the total construction cost. However, the perfect location of a new highway alignment is ambiguous depending on many parameters. The objective of this study is to explore the use of Geographical Information Systems when designing candidate locations, in the planning phase of the construction, of new highway alignments. This will be executed by finding least-cost corridors in a raster

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Poudel, Om Prakash. "Identification of barriers and least cost paths for autonomous vehicle navigation using airborne LIDAR data." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43304.

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In the past several years, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has sponsored two Grand Challenges, races among autonomous ground vehicles in rural environments. These vehicles must follow a course delineated by Global Positioning System waypoints using no human guidance. Airborne LIDAR data and GIS can play a significant role in identifying barriers and least cost paths for such vehicles. Least cost paths minimize the sum of impedance across a surface. Impedance can be measured by steepness of slope, impenetrable barriers such as vegetation and buildings, fence lines and st

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Van, Ellewee Stephan. "Determining a least-cost routing and MAC strategy for a rural communications ad hoc network /." Link to online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/478.

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Ekin, Cengiz. "Efficient grid based techniques for solving the weighted region least cost path problem on multicomputers." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23654.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>This thesis explores the possibilities of developing fast grid parallel algorithms to solve the Weighted Region Least Cost Path problem. Two complimentary steps have been undertaken. First, an efficient sequential algorithm to solve the above problem was developed. the algorithm is a modification of a Gauss-Seidel-like algorithm for obtaining the minimum costs. The most salient feature of the algorithm is the reduction of the number of nodes and edges in cheaper regions of the grid. the reported experimental results ascertain the s

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Heunis, Schalk W. (Schalk Willem). "The analysis and quantifiaction of uncertainty for least life-cost electrical low voltage distribution design." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51937.

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Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this dissertation is to provide methods for designing and managing low voltage residential feeders. These methods can be applied to the problem of planning residential networks under uncertainty while ensuring least life-cycle costs. By analysing collected load data from various communities in South Africa, a new probabilistic model for representing the load uncertainty of residential consumers was derived. This model uses the beta probability distribution to describe individual consumer loads over

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Van, Ellewee Stephan. "Determining a least-cost routing and MAC strategy for a rural communications Ad hoc Network." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2900.

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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>Outside the confines of cities and metropolitan areas, telecommunications may still be required. Farmers may, for example, want to communicate with each other or with local municipality or law enforcement. Various factors may make the application of fixed infrastructure telecommunications networks to rural situations like these unfeasible. Fixed infrastructure may prove to be ineffective due to geographic, social or monetary reasons. Ad hoc networking seems like an intriguing solution to these el

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Waschura, Audrey. "A Collaborative Web Application Framework for Least Cost Caloric Paths with Constraints on High Resolution Data." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1748.

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Historically, humans traveling on foot do not travel as the crow flies in a constant direction; rather, they follow the path of least resistance. The path of least resistance could mean avoiding mountain ranges, or following a stretch of terrain or avoiding large bodies of water. These paths are taken because they are easier to traverse and allow the traveler to expend the least amount of energy, or calories. Least cost caloric paths are a more realistic model of how humans travel on foot across terrain. Previous work has been done in computing and visualizing least cost caloric paths. This th

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PARIKH, NIRAV RAJENDRA. "LOW-COST MULTI GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR SHORT BASELINE ATTITUDE DETERMINATION." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1163482121.

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Budu, Ben Asare. "Economic feasibility of processing food waste and incorporating processed food waste products in least cost duck feeds." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33067.

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The focus of this thesis was to analyze the least cost of producing rations for ducks in three age categories from a mixture of conventional feed ingredients and three different processed food waste products and to examine the financial and economic feasibility of establishing an industrial plant to produce these food waste products in the Montreal region. The first part of the thesis was investigated through the use of a linear programming model. The effect of recognizing the variability of protein levels in the various feed ingredients was examined through the use of chance-constrained progr

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Agbenowosi, Newland Komla. "GIS based optimal design of sewer networks and pump stations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43184.

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<p>In the planning and design of sewer networks, most of the decisions are spatially dependent because of the right of way considerations and the desire to have flow by gravity. This research addresses the application of combined optimization-geographic information system (GIS) technology in the design process. The program developed for the design uses selected manhole locations to generate the candidate potential sewer networks. The design area is delineated into subwatersheds for determining the locations for lift stations when gravity flow is not possible. Flows from upstream subwate

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Li, Yang. "An Empirical Analysis of Family Cost of Children : A Comparison of Ordinary Least Square Regression and Quantile Regression." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Statistics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126660.

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<p>Quantile regression have its advantage properties comparing to the OLS model regression which are full measurement of the effects of a covariate on response, robustness and Equivariance property. In this paper, I use a survey data in Belgium and apply a linear model to see the advantage properites of quantile regression. And I use a quantile regression model with the raw data to analyze the different cost of family on different numbers of children and apply a Wald test. The result shows that for most of the family types and living standard, from the lower quantile to the upper quantile the

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Brundage, Emil H. "Seasonal road layout design in mountainous terrain using GIS with the side hill and least cost path methods." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10011677.

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<p>Seasonal road design in mountainous terrain consists of four main phases: route selection, field investigation, surveying, and analysis. The first phase, route selection, consists of two parts: selecting control points at strategic locations, and then determining potential routes between those points. Two geographic information system (GIS) geoprocessing automations were developed to aid a road planner in determining routes between control points. Both automations utilized Environmental Systems Research Institute’s (ESRI) ArcGIS software package. The first method developed was the lea

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Karlin, Joel. "Analysis of forward contracting by California dairy producers on input and output sides using least- cost and profit-maximization methods." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3904.

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Yebi, Adamu. "Techno-economic Assessment of Wind Energy to Supply the Demand of Electricity for a Residential Community in Ethiopia." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-40914.

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The electricity sector is a major source of carbon dioxide emission that contributes to the global climate change. Over the past decade wind energy has steadily emerged as a potential source for low carbon energy source which are grown through time. As wind power generation increases around the world, there is increasing interest in adding intermittent power to the electricity grid and to design an off-grid wind energy system. The goal of the current thesis is to investigate techno-economically viable wind energy system that supplies electricity and Heat for a given residential community in Et

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Meadows, Crystal. "Determining Impediments to Gene Flow in a Natural Population of Cornus florida L. Cornaceae, Using Integrative Landscape Genetic Techniques." VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/184.

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This study examined the impact intervening environment has on gene flow in the insect pollinated understory tree, Cornus florida L., by combining GIS and landscape genetic techniques (Least Cost Path Analysis, Circuit Theory, and Conditional Genetic Distance). Traditional population genetic analysis indicated pair-wise relatedness was significantly correlated to distance (Pearson; r = -0.312, P < 0.001) suggesting a spatial component to offspring relatedness. Dispersal throughout the study site was non-random, exhibiting a high degree of pollen pool structure due to restricted gene flow (Two-G

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Cumbalam, Kumaresh Rahul. "Developing a Least Cost Electrification Plan for Kakamega County in Kenya - A Bottom up Approach to the geospatial electrification analysis with OnSSET." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244987.

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This thesis discusses the role of “Productive Uses of Electricity” (PUE) in the development of sustainable electrification pathways. The definition of PUE involves in broader terms agricultural, industrial, commercial and social activities, which involve electricity services as a direct input to the production of goods or provision of services towards a sustainable and progressive future of the planet. The two main aspects of productive uses – in relation to electrification – discussed in this thesis consider a) productive vs. consumptive and community uses and b) income-generation and enhance

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Laube, Felix B. "Optimising urban passenger transport: Developing a least-cost model based on international comparisons of urban transport costs, transport patterns, land use, infrastructure environment and best practice in public transport." Thesis, Laube, Felix B. (1998) Optimising urban passenger transport: Developing a least-cost model based on international comparisons of urban transport costs, transport patterns, land use, infrastructure environment and best practice in public transport. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1998. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51498/.

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Public policy debate today in the field of urban transport tends to be strongly divided. On the one hand there are those who see private motorised mobility or automobile dependence as a logical expression of growing wealth and as such, virtually unavoidable; the city must be adapted to almost open-ended car use. On the other hand, there are those who see private passenger transport as a major problem in cities for a whole host of reasons; car use should be kept within limits imposed by the capacity of the urban system to deliver livability and ecological integrity. Several issues are prominent

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Saptari, Adi. "PC computer based algorithm for the selection of material handling equipment for a distribution warehouse based on least annual cost and operating parameters." Ohio : Ohio University, 1990. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1183473503.

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Becnel, Audrey R. "Land Use and Water Quality Correlations in Miami-Dade, Florida." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1549.

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South Florida continues to become increasingly developed and urbanized. My exploratory study examines connections between land use and water quality. The main objectives of the project were to develop an understanding of how land use has affected water quality in Miami-Dade canals, and an economic optimization model to estimate the costs of best management practices necessary to improve water quality. Results indicate Miami-Dade County land use and water quality are correlated. Through statistical factor and cluster analysis, it is apparent that agricultural areas are associated with higher co

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Richardson, Jesse J. "A legal and economic analysis of the Virginia Chesapeake Bay Preservation Act." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122009-040534/.

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Springer, Matthew Thomas. "DISPERSAL BEHAVIOR OF WHITE-TAILED DEER IN AN AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPE." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1389.

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White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) dispersal and excursion movements impact gene flow, population dynamics, and disease spread. Knowledge of movement characteristics and habitat selection during dispersal could provide the ability to predict how deer may relocate themselves within the landscape while providing managers valuable information regarding corridors for gene flow and disease spread. My objectives were to 1) test the hypothesis that extra-home-range movements occur as a strategy to broaden mating opportunities or as a means of searching for higher quality resources in this fra

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McMurray, Helen Frances. "An environmental impact assessment of the alternative access routes, the Western Access Route, and the Least Cost Alternative Route, to the proposed Mohale Dam, Lesotho." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21619.

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Bibliography: p. 54-57.<br>This report is concerned with the environmental impact assessment of two alternative access roads, the Western Access Route (WAR) and the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR), to the proposed Mohale Dam site, Lesotho. The procedure adopted by the Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) study team for the assessment of environmental impacts associated with the development of the two routes, is critically reviewed. A comparative evaluation of the alternative routes is undertaken. The preferred access route, which best satisfies the above environmental criteria, is recommend

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Pfluger, Benjamin [Verfasser]. "Assessment of least-cost pathways for decarbonising Europe's power supply: a model-based long-term scenario analysis accounting for the characteristics of renewable energies / Benjamin Pfluger." Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2014. http://www.ksp.kit.edu.

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Schreiner, Barbara. "An environmental impact assessment for the access road to the Mohale dam, Lesotho : a comparative analysis of the Western access road and the least cost alternative route." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21494.

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The purpose of this document is to set out a comparison of the environmental impacts of the two alternative access roads to the Mohale Dam, Lesotho: the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR) and the Western Access Route (WAR), and to recommend a preferred alternative for construction. The analysis and comparison is couched in a theoretical framework with regard to the process, nature and function of Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) and the problems associated with implementation of the IEM process. In this report I1 set out some of the limitations and problems associated with the EIA on

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Guc, Gercek. "Optimization Of Water Distribution Networks Using Genetic Algorithm." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607192/index.pdf.

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This study gives a description about the development of a computer model, RealPipe, which relates genetic algorithm (GA) to the well known problem of least-cost design of water distribution network. GA methodology is an evolutionary process, basically imitating evolution process of nature. GA is essentially an efficient search method basically for nonlinear optimization cases. The genetic operations take place within the population of chromosomes. By means of various operators, the genetic knowledge in chromosomes change continuously and the success of the population progressively increases as

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Klein, Sabrina J. "Spatial Relationships of Sacred and Secular Spaces of the Hopewell and Adena People, Muskingum River Valley, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1431086236.

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Shay, Colin Gerald. "Empirical evidence of utility sponsored conservation programs." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020659/.

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McEwan, Anthony Graham. "The effect of elevated temperature on the nutrient requirements of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri (Pisces : Salmonidae) and the development of "least cost" feeds for trout production in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/6606.

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A review of trout metabolism, ingested energetic pathways, essential dietary nutrient requirements and the effect of water temperature on trout physiology identified the need to determine the effect of elevated temperatures (>18oC) on the nutrient requirements of rainbow trout. This review led to the hypothesis that as the temperature exceeds the optimum the growth potential of trout decreases with a theoretical concomitant decrease in the protein requirement. However, the increased metabolic rates of the fish should be reflected by an increased demand for lipids. The experiments designed to t

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Zetterberg, Andreas. "Connecting the dots : Network analysis, landscape ecology, and practical application." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöbedömning och -förvaltning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48491.

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Humans have a profound impact on ecosystems, and land-use change constitutes a primary driving force in the loss of biodiversity. Habitat loss and fragmentation are key factors in this process by seriously impeding the habitat availability and movement of species, leading to a significant decrease in population viability. Landscape connectivity management able of crossing administrative and ecological spatial and temporal scales has been identified as one of the most important measures to counteract these negative impacts. The use of graph-theory and network-based landscape-ecological tools ha

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Laros, Marlene Therese. "A comparative evaluation of two alternative access routes, the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR) and the Western Access Route (WAR), for the Mohale Dam construction, phase 1B, the Lesotho Highlands Water Project." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21620.

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Bibliography: p. 103-107.<br>Contract No. LHDA (Lesotho Highlands Development Authority) 1000 is the design and construction of the supporting infrastructure for the Mohale Dam, Phase lB of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP). The Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) of the University of Cape Town (UCT) was employed by GBJV (Gibbs-Bergman Joint Venture), consulting engineers, to conduct the environmental impact assessments for contract No. LHDA 1000. The impact assessments were: * an initial EIA of the Maseru bypass alternatives; * an EIA of two site access roads at the Mohale Dam constr

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Girard, Corentin Denis Pierre. "Integrating top-down and bottom-up approaches to design a cost-effective and equitable programme of measures for adaptation of a river basin to global change." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/59461.

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[EN] Adaptation to the multiple facets of global change challenges the conventional means of sustainably planning and managing water resources at the river basin scale. Numerous demand or supply management options are available, from which adaptation measures need to be selected in a context of high uncertainty of future conditions. Given the interdependency of water users, agreements need to be found at the local level to implement the most effective adaptation measures. Therefore, this thesis develops an approach combining economics and water resources engineering to select a cost-effective

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