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1
Khan, Wahiduzzaman. "Leather Industry in Bangladesh: Opportunities and Challenges." American Journal of Trade and Policy 1, no. 3 (December 31, 2014): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/ajtp.v1i3.373.
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Leather is a unique commodity that links grassroots villages with high societies and traditional practices with emerging technologies. For many developing countries, leather and leather manufacturers constitute an indispensable and dependable source for export trade and foreign exchange earnings. For Bangladesh, leather is a high priority industrial sector and footwear exports, an extreme focus area. Bangladesh has, just few decades since Independence, made significant gains from the leather trade, progressing from the status of an exporter of 90% plus raw hides and skins to that of an exporter and predominantly leather product manufacturer. However, there is little systematic research into this sector. This study is trying to address the research gap by seeking to understand the current status, problems and prospect of leather industry in Bangladesh.
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Lantu, Donald Crestofel. "Indonesian Leather Handicraft Trade in the International Market: SWOT analysis approach." Journal of International Conference Proceedings 5, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v5i3.1867.
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The leather craft industry is one of the growing industries in Indonesia and is one of the export commodities of the creative industry. The creative industry is an industry that is one of the mainstays in the country's economy. The abundance of animal skin waste is used as a variety of commodities that have a selling value. The focus of this research is to analyze the potential of international trade in leather craft commodities by using a SWOT analysis approach. The purpose of this study is to map the internal and external factors of the international trade in leather crafts, which can be one of the preliminary research and sources of future research. From the results of the desk study and SWOT analysis, it was concluded that the leather craft creative industry has an opportunity in the international market with a market share of 4.4% and is in the 6th position as a leather craft exporter in 2021. Internal and external factors for this leather craft shows that the advantages and disadvantages of this creative leather craft industry can be combined to improve business strategies and studies in future research.
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Anna, BONDARIEVA, ZHALDAK Maryna, and MOKROUSOVA Olena. "UKRAINEON THE WORLD MARKET OF LEATHER MATERIALS." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL JOURNAL "COMMODITIES AND MARKETS" 38, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/tr.knute.2021(38)02.
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Background. The problem of stable activity of domestic producers, in particular in the production of leather and footwear, is exacerbated by increasing global competition along with the loss of significant share of domestic and foreign markets. The regulating of the development of industrial production, domestic and foreign markets for light industry products is one of the most important tasks of the state today. Therefore, the assessment of the state of Ukraine’s foreign trade in the leather and leathermaterials market is important component for forecasting andshaping the development of domestic leather manufacturing. The aim of the work is to analyze the dynamics of Ukraine’s foreign trade on the leather materials market and to establish key directions for thedevelopment of Ukraine’s leather industry to increase the competitiveness of domestic products in an international environment. Materials and methods. Methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization are used for work. Statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, customs statistics of the State Fiscal Service of Ukraine, as well as data from the International Trade Center are used to study the leather market of various finishing methods in the world. Results. The analysis of foreign trade activities of the leather materials market showed that leather, additionally processed after tanning, significantly exceeds exports in imports, while tanned leather without processing in exports is ten times higher than imports. The analysis of world trade indicators determined that leather with a natural full grain surface is characterized by the greatest competitiveness against polished leather withan artificial grain surface. According to the indicators of foreign trade activity, Ukraine ranks third among the countries – leaders in world imports of leather with a natural full grain surface configuration in the form of halves. According to this commodity position, Ukraine ranks 13th in world exports. Conclusion. The analysis of Ukraine’s foreign trade on the leather materials market revealed the need of forming commodity and technological specializations of the domestic leather industry in accordance with the production of leather with a natural full grain surface from cowhides as the most competitive product in the international environment.
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Roy, Chandan. "A Study on Environmental Compliance of Indian Leather Industry & its Far-reaching Impact on Leather Exports." Foreign Trade Review 47, no. 2 (July 2012): 3–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515120201.
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Indian Leather Industry is recognized as one of the most promising foreign exchange earning sectors since early 1970s. The industry was hard hit by two consecutive foreign environment bans since 1989. Along with that, few domestic environmental regulations also resulted into closure down of a number of leather tanneries during this period. However, the government intervention and the successive compliance measures adopted by the firms ultimately helped the industry to gain momentum in its export sector. This paper analyzes the far reaching impact of these environmental regulations on export sector of Indian Leather Industry. Whether this boost in leather export marks a trade-off relation between environmental quality and volume of exports is a matter of debate, which is attempted in this paper. This paper, within the limitations of data availability regarding environmental statistics, has determined a positive relation between environmental quality and volume of leather exports and justified that instead of Pollution Haven Hypothesis, Indian Leather Industry rather confirms Porterɺs Hypothesis.
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Mammadova, Aynur, Mauro Masiero, and Davide Pettenella. "Embedded Deforestation: The Case Study of the Brazilian–Italian Bovine Leather Trade." Forests 11, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040472.
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Deforestation and forest degradation driven by Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) are important sources of carbon emissions. Market globalization and trade liberalization policies reinforce this trend and risk deforestation to be embedded in global value chains. Due to the complexity of global production and trade systems, deforestation risk is also embedded in the supply chains of the products and sectors that are not direct deforestation drivers. Bovine leather is a commodity closely entangled in the debates about deforestation as it is a by-product of cattle. This research focuses on leather trade between Brazil and Italy to demonstrate the channels through which Italian imports of Brazilian leather could possess embedded Amazonian deforestation and related risks. The data employed for the analysis was searched at three different levels for the leather trade between Brazil and Italy: (a) the country level annual leather trade statistics for the years 2014–2018 taken from the Comtrade database; (b) the state level leather trade data, for the years 2014–2018 taken from the Comexstat database; and (c) the exporter–importer level leather trade data for the period of August 2017–August 2018, based on customs declarations. The analysis helps to demonstrate that the Italian leather trade with Brazil possesses the risk of deforestation unless the proper traceability and due diligence systems are in place to claim the opposite. The European and Italian leather industry need to be more proactive in acknowledging the existence of the risk at different levels, putting full traceability systems in place and sending out clear market signals that deforestation is not tolerated, and that sustainability is valued.
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Melese, Esubalew, and Ajay Kumar. "Enhancing Export Performance through Marketing Capability: An Empirical Study of Ethiopian Leather Industry." International Journal of Religion 5, no. 11 (June 23, 2024): 1612–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/n8q8nd08.
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This study aimed to gain insight into export promotion programs (EPPs) and their effects on export performance (EP). Also, the mediating role of marketing implementation capability is examined. The target respondents were leather and leather product export manufacturing firms in Ethiopia. Convenience and snowball sampling techniques were used. Owners and managers responsible for exporting leather and leather products were identified and selected to participate in the survey. A total of 178 valid responses were analyzed using the Smart PLS Software (version 4.0). The results show that the use of export promotion programs has a significant impact on export performance. Trade fairs, trade missions, foreign offices, and education and training have significant impacts on export performance. Also, marketing implementation capability mediates between government offered EPPs and export performance. However, ownership and experience doesn’t have moderation impact. This study contributes to the literature on export performance in emerging nations, where search is scant. In addition, we focused on debate on export promotion programs, marketing implementation capability, and export performance.
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Nafisah, Laila, Gigih Jono Prasetyo, Eko Nursubiyantoro, Mochammad Chaeron, Apriani Soepardi, and Sri Suharsih. "Multi objective optimization approach for multi-item inventory control: A case study in leather industry." OPSI 17, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/opsi.v17i1.11106.
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PT ASA is a leather tanning company. Almost 65% of the company's assets are allocated for the procurement of raw leather, which consists of goat and sheepskin. In addition to being expensive, the availability of raw leather is also very limited. The company faces a trade-off where, on one hand, the raw material is easily decayed, but on the other hand, its availability is extremely limited, and if there is not enough inventory, the production process will be disrupted. In this research, a multi-objective optimization model is developed for controlling the inventory of raw leather using the Fuzzy Goal Programming approach. The objectives to be achieved are to minimize the total inventory cost, maximize the total quantity of raw leather that meets standards, and minimize the total cost of losses due to decayed raw leather. Based on the calculations, the fuzzy goal programming membership function value is obtained at 0.9155, with a total inventory cost over the planning horizon of IDR 10,341,630,000, a total of 1,279,542 sq ft of raw leather meeting standards, and a total loss cost due to decayed raw leather of IDR 142,911,691.
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Luo, Xiaofei, Yonghui Han a, and Siqi Zhong. "Analysis on the Trade Structural Competitiveness in Manufacturing Industry between Guangzhou and “the Belt and Road” Participating Countries Based on Lafay Index." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 04034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817504034.
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The economic development in Guangzhou presents an export-oriented characteristic. Therefore, it is the key path for Guangzhou’s manufacturing to upgrade by participating the construction of the Belt and Road initiative. This paper adopts Lafay Index to measure the structural competitiveness of trade between China and countries along the B&R and finds that Guangzhou has a long-term and stable comparative advantage in clothing and textile industry, metal products industry and leather products industry, but a long-term disadvantage in metal smelting industry, chemical manufacturing industry and non-metallic mineral products. It also shows a high degree of intra-industry trade in food processing industry, sports and entertainment industry.
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Syukron, Nurkholis, Beatus Tambaip, Aenal Fuad Adam, and Umiyati Haris. "Empowering of Small Businesses in Community Development in Merauke, South Papua Crocodile’s Leather Craftsman." SHS Web of Conferences 149 (2022): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214902015.
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This study discusses the empowerment of crocodile skin handicrafts by the Department of Cooperatives, Industry and Trade of Merauke Regency. This study aims to determine the efforts to empower the Merauke Regency Industry and Trade Cooperatives Service towards crocodile skin craft business in Merauke Regency. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Determination of informants using purposive sampling technique. Data was collected through observation, direct interviews and documentation. The results showed that the efforts to empower the crocodile skin craft business by the Department of Cooperatives, Industry and Trade of Merauke Regency were not optimal. This refers to the empowerment that has been carried out by the Department of Cooperatives, Industry and Trade of Merauke Regency which is generally still oriented to the routine work of the government. Such conditions ultimately hampered the process of empowering crocodile skin crafts on Bumi animha Merauke. The researcher recommends the Department of Cooperatives, Industry and Trade of Merauke Regency to carry out intensive socialization of the use of galze and coloring techniques as well as the use of information, communication and technology to distribute crocodile skins, synergize with craftsmen to strengthen business independence and for crocodile skin crafts it is better to start actualizing themselves in improve the ability to find and take advantage of opportunities so that the sale of crocodile skin products is more easily accessible to the market.
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Sozanskyy, Lyubomyr. "Comparative assessment of the inter-sectoral communications of the light industry of Ukraine and the certain countries EU." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 1(141) (2020): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-1-8.
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The light industry is an important inter-sectoral segment and a chain of individual production areas. The purpose of the article is to carry out a comparative assessment of the cross-sectoral linkages of light industry of Ukraine with some EU countries and to prepare relevant analytical conclusions. The research revealed that the largest consumers of light industry products in 2013-2017 in Ukraine were the industries that belonged to this type of industrial activity (textile, clothing, leather and other materials), as well as the trade, furniture industry, public administration, and defense. The key problem for the functioning of the Ukrainian light industry is its high import dependence. In particular, the share of imports in intermediate consumption of light industry of Ukraine in 2017 was almost 60%. The share of imports in the expenditures of the Ukrainian light industry was almost 49%. The production activities of light industry in Ukraine use products of many ECs, but the main suppliers of raw materials and components are: textile production, production of clothing, leather, and other materials; production of chemicals and chemical products; wholesale and retail trade; supply of electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning. In 2017, these four sectors totaled 70.74%. The following types of industrial activity in Ukraine have a significant potential for increasing output: production of rubber and plastic products; production of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers; production of other vehicles; public administration and defense; compulsory social security; health care and social assistance. The further development and improvement of the technological level of Ukrainian light industry products requires greater integration of the latter with the trade sector. However, the trade sector in Ukraine requires a thorough “unshadowing”, i.e. legalization of all operations.
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Afifah, Yusrinia. "Pendampingan Pengelolaan Usaha Industri Kecil sebagai Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Kerupuk Rambak Kabupaten Kendal." Jurnal Al-Tatwir 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/altatwir.v9i1.54.
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One of several UMKM centers in Tegal Regency is the rambak cracker industry center located in Tegal Village, Adiwerna District. The rambak cracker industry center in this village has been able to grow and develop and has great potential to improve the welfare of the community. Local leather is increasingly difficult to obtain due to competition in demand for the leather tanning industry, causing several leather rambak cracker industries to use imported leather as their raw material. Imported leather is imported from Korea and China, from suppliers and wholesalers who are able to import directly from abroad, which generally trade in imported leather is done clandestinely (not done in public markets). The problem that arises is the guarantee of the halalness of imported leather that will be used as rambak crackers, because it is feared that it comes from pork skin or from cow skin that is cut illegally. And also the production in Adiwerna District is still manual and everything Mr. Sutrisno does is still out of date in terms of packaging design and marketing methods. The target community is residents in the Tanjungsari District, Tegal Regency. The first target is the wives of the Village Heads in the Adiwerna District totaling 35 (thirty five) people. This audience is considered a strategic audience in continuing to disseminate knowledge about how to process crackers from cowhide to the community in their respective villages. In this training, under the guidance of the rambak cracker entrepreneur, Mr. Sutrisno, this training and service got a significant increase from the results of improving the economy of the surrounding community and increasing sales in small industrial businesses around the Adiwerna sub-district.
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Dr. teacher Zakaryaa Mohammed Zakarya and Dr. teacher Mohammed Hammad Abduallah AbdAlrahim. "Sudan's animal exports, the missing dimension - a study of its analysis (leather as a model, the period 2002-2019 AD)." Economic and Administrative Studies Journal 1, no. 4 (November 28, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.58564/easj/1.4.2022.1.
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Sudan is very rich of the animal wealth, that considered among the biggest six countries in the world possessing cows, sheep, goats, and the second of the number of camels, besides big wild animal wealth, especially the reptile leather trade, which has little contribution in the Sudanese exports, comparing to the big size of animal wealth. The study aims to analyze the current situation (threats and opportunities) of the Sudanese leather sector, in order to achieve the expected and promising returns. The study assumes clear relevancy between the traditional production methods, and low production of tanneries in Sudan. The study has come to important results such as, the low capacity of the Sudanese tanneries, affects the leather industry. The study recommends immediate reformative procedures to the leather sector, to improve and modernize it, so as to relize the government efforts to raise the contribution of the leather exports in the National Product.
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Arida, Evy, Arief Hidayat, Mulyadi Mulyadi, Noor Laina Maireda, Dadang Rahadian Subasli, and Mumpuni Mumpuni. "Consumption and Trade of Asian Water Monitor, Varanus salvator as Reliance on Wildlife for Livelihoods among Rural Communities in North Sumatra, Indonesia." Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46359/jte.v3i2.40.
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The water monitor, Varanus salvator has been exploited for its skin to supply international demands for reptile leather, whereas meat, liver, and fat are consumed locally in some communities in North Sumatra. Demands for skin seems to be paralleled with meat consumption in this province for more than 25 years. We conducted direct interviews with hunters and collecting managers in five abattoirs in five towns in North Sumatra to obtain preliminary data on consumption and trade of Water monitor. Additionally, we explore the association between consumption, trade, and livelihood of rural communities. We found that lizards of all sizes were taken and processed in the abattoirs for skin and meat trade. Consumption of Water monitor meat in North Sumatra is partially driven by a cultural background and has been occurring probably longer than the skin trade for leather industry. We noted that meat of Water monitor also becomes an alternative protein source because of its lower price. In conclusions, benefits of Water monitor harvest are extended across levels of participants in the local trade, including hunters, collectors, and meat consumers. Meat consumption and skin trade are closely linked with one another in North Sumatra; nevertheless sustainability of the trade needs to be evaluated in the near future to predict demands and production capacity.
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Adebayo, Ayomide Oluwakemi, and Ayokunle Olumuyiwa Omobowale. "From Iya Ijebu’s shop to Igbo market: ethnicity and the transformation of Mushin leather market in Lagos, Nigeria." Africa 94, no. 2 (May 2024): 298–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972024000251.
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AbstractLeather markets are critical nodes in the leather industry value chain. They attract manufacturers and small and medium enterprises that facilitate social interactions and opportunities, leading to increased availability of finished leather goods. This study explores the social transformation and organization of Mushin leather market in Lagos megacity based on data collected through observation and in-depth and key informant interviews with traders, association and community members, transporters and customers in the market. Mushin leather market evolved from a shop owned by an indigenous woman known as Iya Ijebu (Ijebu woman) into a leather trading community. State and local governments intervene minimally in the market affairs through sanitation rules and revenue collection. Routes to market socialization include mentoring and apprenticeships, with visible gender disparities. Associational membership guarantees full integration to traders. Strong business, personal and group networks structure ethnic dynamics and occupational specializations. The article reveals the inherent interdependence of social institutions in understanding the organization of the leather market, particularly in terms of how capital, associational norms and networks shape the formation of a heterogeneous market in an indigenous Yoruba community. Mushin leather market is transforming the domains of ethnic trade speciality and patterning intergroup social relations in Lagos megacity.
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Gupta, Sandeep Kumar, and Uday Shanker Racherla. "Interdependence among dimensions of sustainability." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 406–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-06-2017-0051.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interdependence among dimensions of sustainability, i.e. economic, social and environmental performance, this study focuses on leading states of the Indian leather Industry. Design/methodology/approach This study followed exploratory research where partial least square (PLS) based structural equation modeling has been used. The states have been selected based on judgmental sampling. The study used unit level data for the leading states of Indian leather Industry − namely, Tamil Nadu (TN), West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. The study has used Annual Survey of Industry data from 2007-2008 to 2011-2012. The proposed hypotheses have been tested using WarpPLS 5.0 software. Findings The structural equation analysis of unit-wise leather industry data supports a significant bi-directional negative relationship between social performance and economic performance among all the selected states. In contrast, the relationship between economic performance and environmental performance, as expected and supported by many existing theories, has shown a bidirectional positive relationship. However, the relationship between social and environmental performance has shown quite mysterious and mixed trends. TN has depicted significantly negative coefficients, which could be attributed to higher pressure for environmental compliance that might have led to a trade-off between the two to gain cost competitiveness. Research limitations/implications Unavailability of data for many critical indicators is the biggest limitation of this study. Originality/value The sustainability framework proposed in this work is an original contribution of authors to the existing literature. Moreover, this study on the Indian leather industry fills the gap and resolves the mystery of interconnection among the dimensions of sustainability.
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Cisneros-Reyes, Y. D., J. E. Rocha-Ibarra, and M. G. Arredondo-Hidalgo. "Characteristics of Mexican Leather Footwear Industry and its International Trade Activity, Correlation of Productivity, and Competitiveness." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 22 (August 31, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n22p63.
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This paper focuses on analyzing the globalization effect on the Mexican leather footwear industry at a firm-level. In this work, the analysis of competitiveness is done based on the definition given by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). They defined it as ‘a measure of a country's advantage or disadvantage in selling its products in international market’. The productivity of the Mexican leather footwear industry was calculated using the Latin American-KLEMS Model that relates gross output to primary (Capital and Labor) and intermediate inputs (Energy, Other intermediate goods, and Services). Furthermore, firms were categorized considering the number of employees, the annual value of production, and the commercial diversification in order to calculate the correlation Pearson coefficient. Firstly, the results show that the correlation of production value with the number of exporting companies is bigger than the correlation of the importing companies. Secondly, that the correlation of Total Productivity Factor (TPF) to exports is strong (0.7028); and finally, that the correlation of Total Productivity Factor (TPF) to imports is also significant (0.6511).
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Ahmed, Sarker Tanvir. "Export-Led Growth in Bangladesh: A Functional Impact Analysis of Export Performance and its Contribution." Journal of Production, Operations Management and Economics, no. 42 (February 1, 2024): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jpome.42.18.27.
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Bangladesh has a significant opportunity to boost economic development by increasing its contributions to international trade. Therefore, this study is aimed at presenting the trends of exporting in the early stages of economic development. Bangladesh's foreign trade trends from 2015 to 2019 revealed a positive growth trajectory despite a slight dip in goods imports. The anticipated decline in foreign trade performance in 2020 is reflective of the global challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the rate of receiving foreign exchange from the integrated foreign export of shrimp, leather, shoes, and pharmaceutical products is constantly increasing. The main exports, encompassing products like clothing, raw jute, leather, fish, and frozen seafood, play a vital role in driving the country's export dynamics. The country has achieved remarkable success in export expansion because of the RMG industry. It was found that total exports of goods rose to 37.94 billion U.S. dollars in 2019. However, the subsequent recovery in 2021 is evident, with notable growth in both imports and exports. Despite a persistently negative trade balance, the resilience showcased by Bangladesh in the face of challenges underscores its ability to rebound and adapt to changing circumstances.
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Zeshan, Muhammad. "A Practical Narrative of Tariff Protection in Pakistan." Global Trade and Customs Journal 18, Issue 1 (January 1, 2023): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2023004.
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This research work quantifies the changes in effective rates of protection in Pakistan during the last decade of 2011–20. Based on its results, it supports a more flexible trade policy in Pakistan. Further, it identifies the sectors with strong and weak long-run productive capacities and highlights the role of trade barriers in these industries. A key concern is the decreasing productive capacity of textile and leather sectors where the textile industry has the largest share in the total exports from Pakistan. Hence, there is a dire need to invest more in research and development activities in such industries. Finally, the country needs to increase its range of export items and export destinations with more favourable terms of trade, which can be achieved by reducing its historically high import tariff rates. Effective Rate of Protection, Input-Output Table, Industry, Trade, Pakistan JEL Classification: C67, D57, F6, L5, R15
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Lukmanulhakim, Rinanda Marwiyah, and Ade Yunita Mafruhat. "Strategi Optimalisasi Potensi UMKM Kulit di Sentra Industri Kulit Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut." Bandung Conference Series: Economics Studies 3, no. 2 (August 6, 2023): 362–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcses.v3i2.8278.
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Abstract. The leather tanning and handicraft industry faces various challenges in marketing its products, such as the presence of very cheap imported products, inadequate use of information technology, payment issues, difficulty in obtaining raw materials, and difficulty in innovating. To optimize leather UMKM in Sukaregang, Garut Regency, research was conducted to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges faced and to find the right strategies to address these issues. This was a qualitative descriptive research conducted from December 2022 to April 2023, with the research sample being leather UMKM in the Leather Industry Center of Sukaregang, Garut Regency, taken with a probability sampling and stratified random sampling technique of 10% of the population. Data were analyzed using IFAS and EFAS matrices and SWOT matrices. The results showed that technology was the main factor that was the strength of UMKM, but the main weakness was the low technology for small UMKM. The biggest opportunity was government support through the Cooperative and SME Office for UMKM development, while the biggest threat was trade liberalization. Therefore, aggressive strategies could be applied through collaboration with the local government, provision of capital assistance, online product marketing, and promotion of the Leather Industry Center of Sukaregang, Garut Regency as a shopping tourism destination. This aims to develop product quality so that Garut Sukaregang leather products can be exported and production scale can be increased.
Abstrak. Industri penyamakan dan kerajinan kulit menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam memasarkan produknya, seperti adanya produk impor yang sangat murah, kurangnya pemanfaatan teknologi informasi, permasalahan pembayaran, kesulitan mendapatkan bahan baku, dan kesulitan dalam berinovasi. Untuk mengoptimalkan UMKM kulit di Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut, penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, serta tantangan yang dihadapi dan mencari strategi yang tepat dalam menghadapi permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan pada Desember 2022 hingga April 2023 dengan sampel penelitian adalah UMKM kulit di Sentra Industri Kulit Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut diambil dengan teknik probability sampling dan stratified random sampling sebanyak 10%. Data dianalisis menggunakan Matriks IFAS dan EFAS dan Matriks SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi adalah factor utama yang menjadi kekuatan UMKM tersebut, namun kelemahan utamanya adalah rendahnya teknologi bagi UMKM kecil. Peluang terbesarnya adalah dukungan pemerintah melalui Dinas Koperasi dan UKM untuk pengembangan UMKM, sedangkan ancaman terbesarnya adalah liberalisasi perdagangan. Oleh karena itu, strategi agresif dapat diterapkan melalui kerjasama dengan pemerintah daerah, penyediaan bantuan permodalan, pemasaran produk secara online, dan promosi Sentra Industri Kulit Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut sebagai tempat wisata belanja oleh-oleh. Ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kualitas produk agar produk kulit Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut dapat diekspor dan meningkatkan skala produksi.
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Kiraye, Michael, Mwinkione Mwinyihija, William Wanasolo, and Rosemary Nalwanga. "The Uganda’s perspective, status and implementation of the National leather value chain Strategies." Journal of Africa Leather and Leather Producuts Advances 4, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 13–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15677/jallpa.2018.v4i1.15.
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Uganda is transforming her leather value chain to a modern and competitive sub-sector, aiming at production of value-added leather materials and leather products from the abundant raw hides and skins at the slaughter houses and abattoirs. The challenge though is the exportation of about 95% of the wet blue product, which is the only processed leather material for export from Uganda. More still, the quantity of wet blue produced and exported from Uganda stands at 1.08 million pieces from hides and 2.01 million pieces from goats and sheep skins amounting to 17.28 m sq. ft and 7.04m sq. Ft, respectively. In total this translates to about 24.32m sq. ft of finished leather if it was to be processed from within Uganda. Taking an average square foot of 2.5 sq. ft per pair of shoes, then this output would give about 9.73m pairs of leather shoes. Since Uganda needs about 25 m pairs of leather shoes per annum, it implies that there would be a deficit of about 16.88 m pairs of shoes per annum. This deficit has been covered by importing about 0.5 m pairs of leather shoes per annum and about 23.5 m pairs of synthetic leather shoes and second-hand shoes combined. Now Uganda exports about 24.32 m sq. ft worth of leather (about 9.73m pairs of shoes) and imports about 0.5 m pairs of leather shoes which is a sixteenth of what is exported. Exportation of unfinished products for processing elsewhere goes with jobs and services as well. For this reason, wet blue product made in Uganda need to be further processed in the country to avail leather and leather products, service like Design Studios, facilities, e.g., incubation centers and jobs. The information about tanneries was obtained by use of a questionnaire in which respondents were tannery industry production managers. In addition, documentary review of the world population on Uganda, Ministry of Trade Industry and Cooperatives (MTIC) abstracts and UBOS census 2014 reports were also used as the source of data. According to the Uganda census 2014, the country’s primary and secondary going children are 10,113,201 students. If for example these students wear leather shoes at 35,000/= per pair per annum then the leather Sector would earn 353bn UGX per annum. This contribution would be about 56 times that which tourism is contributing towards the GDP of Uganda, implying that the leather sector in Uganda, if emphasised could stimulate economic growth of the country.
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Hari Purwanto. "The Potential Of Internationalization Of Small And Medium Micro Enterprises In SAWO Leather Crafts, Magetan District, East Java, Indonesia." International Journal of Science, Technology & Management 2, no. 3 (May 28, 2021): 650–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.46729/ijstm.v2i3.222.
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The Magetan leather handicraft business is one of the long-established and surviving SMEs and contributes to the creation of employment and income for the community. Currently, the marketing of leather handicraft products is still limited to meeting local and national needs so that limited market demand makes leather handicraft difficult to develop. Globalization and increasingly advanced information technology have become opportunities for the Magetanleathercraft industry to penetrate the international market, however, various obstacles arise considering that penetrating the global market is not easy for small businesses that have many limitations. The purpose of this case study is to examine the opportunities and obstacles of the Magetan leather handicraft business to penetrate the international market. This research approach is qualitative with case studies.owner of leather handicraft, owner of leathercraft marketing shop, the buyer of leathercraft, an employee of leathercraft. Data analysis includes (1) data collection (2) data display (3) data reduction and (4) conclusions.[1]The results showed that there were obstacles to the internationalization of the Magetan leather handicraft business, namely complicated international trade procedures for SMEs, No marketing channels abroad for SMEs, Limited SME resources. The solution that can be offered from this problem is not to let SMEs directly penetrate the global market independently given the limitations they have, but by providing a mediator that can bridge SMEs with foreign consumers with a Marketplace, Exporters, or Cooperatives.
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Pane, Syaiba Lingga, and Suteja Wira Dana Kusuma. "The Comprehension of Halal Certification for Leathercraft Industry in The Local Business." Likuid Jurnal Ekonomi Industri Halal 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/likuid.v3i2.28109.
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The Halal Product Guarantee Act states that all products circulated and traded in Indonesia must be halal certified, including non-food use items such as leather handicraft products. Moreover, this product is made from animal skin which has many critical points so a halal certificate is needed to guarantee the halalness of the product. Halal certificates are obtained through a certification process that must be fulfilled by producers or entrepeneur. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of understanding of producers or business actors of the leather craft industry about halal certification and to know the obstacles faced by business actors of the leather craft industry about halal certification. This research is qualitative research with a descriptive analysis method. Data collection was obtained through interview techniques with leather craft industry entrepreneurs in Sukaregang Garut. Based on the results of the study, the researcher concluded that entrepreneurs with low understanding were 20%, entrepreneurs with moderate understanding were 40%, and entrepreneurs with perfect understanding were 40%.
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Sanae, El Ouahabi, and Bousselhami Ahmed. "Analyse Économique Du Secteur Industriel Au Maroc." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n7p168.
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In this study, we will focus on the different dimensions of performance, and make a descriptive analysis of the industrial sector’s position in the national economy. We will also assess the clout and the performance of each industrial branch, through the measurement of the following indicators: the added value, the employment, the number of companies, the investment, the foreign trade, the comparative advantage and the degree of export commitment. This research shows that the industry contributes the most to GDP with an average of about 19% during the 1985-2016 period, followed by agriculture with (15%), trade with (12%), construction industry and public works with (5%). By industry, statistics show the predominance of the agri-food, textile, leather, mechanical, metal and electrical industries in overall industrial production over the period 1985-2016, while in terms of exports, the mechanical, metallic, electrical", and "textile and leather" branches are at the top of the list with a share of 27% for each. Over the period of 1985-2014, the chemical and parachemical industry ranks first in terms of investments in the industrial sector with a 33% share, and thus promises significant growth prospects. In terms of regions, figures show the predominance of the Grand Casablanca region, which accounts for 41% of companies created, 61% of national industrial production, 56% of industrial exports, and 50% of the total workforce employed during the 1985-2014 period. All this is happening with a remarkable rise of the Tangier-Tetouan region in recent years.
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Khalid, Umer. "Impact of Trade Liberalization on the Industry Wages in Pakistan (1995 – 2015)." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. I (March 30, 2019): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-i).12.
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The paper estimates the effects of trade reforms on workers' earnings in Pakistan's manufacturing sector during 1995-2015, employing data from 14 rounds of the Pakistan Labour Force Survey. OLS technique has been used for estimation and separate analysis for workers engaged in informal manufacturing activities is also undertaken. The results indicate that a tariff fall on intermediate products is associated with a rise in real earnings of workers employed in the manufacturing sector during this period, while a corresponding decline in tariffs on final goods has no effect on worker's wages. The results show that real wages of workers employed in the mainly export oriented industries of food, beverages and tobacco, textiles, apparel and leather and non-metallic mineral industries have declined over the twenty years period of trade reforms implemented in Pakistan. On the other hand, real wages are observed to have increased in the chemical and petroleum and basic metals industries.
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Bose, Indranil, RK Mudgal, and Jayanta Banerjee. "Contribution of Selected Factors towards Trade Union Participation in Organised Leather Industry: An Empirical Study on the Sample Leather Units of Kolkata." Training & Development Journal 3, no. 1 (2012): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/j.2231-0681.3.1.002.
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Prakasam, C. "The Impact of GST on Leather Manufacturing Sector in Vellore District." GIS Business 14, no. 6 (December 9, 2019): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i6.14577.
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The Indian economy is entered into globalization. A number of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) have been signed in recent times. This will allow imports into Indian duty-free or at very low duties. Hence, there is a need to have a nation-wide simple and transparent system of taxation to enable the Indian Industry to compete not only internationally, but also in the domestic market. Goods and Service Tax or GST as it is known is a game-changer in the Indian Economy.Amidst economic crisis across the globe, India has posed a beacon of hope with ambitious growth targets, supported by a bunch of strategic undertakings such as the Make in India and Digital India campaigns.
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Dewani, Rajkumar, Muhammad Kashif Pervez, Sarwat Jahan Mahboob, Tahira Ayaz, and Sikander Ali Soomro. "Objective Review." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 118, no. 3 (March 1, 2023): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v118i3.6815.
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Leather industry uses a great number of processing chemicals to make leather from animal hides. The toxicity, health and environmental impacts of many of these chemicals have been established leading to significant regulatory certifications and programs helping in trade and policy making. The focus of this review are the hazardous chemicals and auxiliaries relevant to leather industry, their categories, possible origins, analysis and toxicity with respect to humans and the environment and the regulatory mechanisms suggested for them through manufacturing restricted substance list (MRSL) 2.0.** Informative guidelines are provided about the most probable leather processing stage for the origin of these chemicals. Some alternative technologies, chemicals and ideas gaining popularity are also suggested as probable remedies. Recommended test methods are stated for the adequate monitoring of the hazardous chemicals. The nature and severity of chemical toxicity and corresponding limits set for their allowed use in formulations are graphically expressed for clarity and ease of understanding. The maximum number of compounds / isomers belong to classes comprising chlorinated paraffins, perfluorooctanoic acids (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonates (PFOS) and banned aromatic amines. Similarly, most of the restricted chemicals are used during the finishing stage and may be considered for eco-friendly alternatives. Likewise, the analytical equipment covering most testing requirements is GC-MS among other hyphenated techniques. Additionally, most critical chemicals from toxicity point of view are arsenic, cadmium and chromium (VI), whereas navy blue colorants and chlorinated aromatic compounds may be considered as less toxic among the restricted chemicals under the current scope. Surprisingly, the latest UV absorbents and polymeric fatliquors are comparatively non-toxic. Similarly, the most relaxed formulation limits are given for UV absorbers and 2-methoxypropylacetate whereas strict limits have been set for PFOA, PFOS, mercury, triclosan permethrin, sensitizing dyes etc. in MRSL 2.0.
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Akhtar, Naseem, Nadia Zakiri, and Ejaz Ghani. "Changing Revealed Comparative Advantage: A Case Study of Footwear Industry of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 47, no. 4II (December 1, 2008): 695–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.695-709.
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The global export patterns are changing fast as a result of reduction in trade barriers and technological advancements that have led to gains in productivity and change in comparative advantage patterns in world economies. Asian economies such as China and India are enjoying a notable growth in changing circumstances across the world. Pakistan also has great potential for higher growth however the political threats, socioeconomic environment and lack of updated technologies are obstruction in the way of progress. Some sectors of Pakistan economy have shown a good performance in terms of production and exports. Footwear is one such industry which has increased its exports at large extent since 2003. This sector has pivotal importance in terms of providing and creating jobs, earning of foreign exchange with the help of exports and fulfilling the local consumption requirements. Both in Pakistan and around the globe, the demand for footwear is increasing. Pakistan is one of the most populous countries in the World and according to an estimate with an average population growth of 2.25 percent, about 3 million children have been born during the year 2005-06, signaling the growing demand for footwear in Pakistan. It is also estimated that about 60 percent of the World’s total consumption consists of simple footwear made entirely of non-leather materials and that for the remaining 40 percent only the upper part of the shoe is made of leather. In the manufacturing of footwear, most frequently used material consists upon leather, man-made materials, rubber / canvas / synthetic and textile along accessories. Different type of shoes are being produced by the local industry e.g. sportsmen, army, disabled persons and safety shoes for the industrial workers etc. The population of Pakistan is expected to be about 172 million in the year 2010. Keeping in view the growth in population, the growth in the demand of footwear industry is also anticipated.
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Izotov, Dmitry. "Comparative Trade Intensity of the Russian Far East: Sectoral Aspect." Regionalistica 10, no. 6 (2023): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/reg.2023.6.21.
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The article analyzes the dynamics of the comparative intensity of trade in the Russian Far East within the «new» territorial borders. This analysis was carried out on the basis of decomposition estimates of trade within the economic sectors of the Far East in 2012–2021. The dominance of the external market (foreign countries and other regions of Russia) in the total trade turnover of the Far East has been revealed. It is shown that in the Far East the process of trade «consolidation» between regions continued. The product groups that form the basis of trade within the Far East have been identified: food industry products, mineral products, metals, wood and other goods consisting of construction materials. It is shown that due to the incoming trade flows of mineral products, engineering products, food products, metals and chemical industry products into the macroregion, the Far Eastern market was closely «linked» to the market of other regions of Russia. The macroregion’s trade turnover with foreign countries was based on massive exports of raw materials and imports of various products, allowing for the generation of positive effects for the Far Eastern economy based on its existing comparative advantages. Using the obtained estimates of the localization index, it was discovered that trade in the internal market of the Far East remains high. However, this intensity tended to weaken, indicating a shift in the intensity of the Far Eastern trade from internal market to external market. It was found that high trade intensity within the Far East was generated by trade interactions only in some economic sectors: food products; mineral products; chemical industry products; wood; metals; other goods; leather raw materials and furs. It was revealed that high values of trade intensity between the Far Eastern regions were supported only by the exchange of food products, metals, as well as raw hides and furs. The main source of the decrease in the intensity of trade between the Far Eastern regions has been discovered – a reduction in the exchange of mineral products
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Salamah, Ummu. "PRAKTIK JUAL BELI KULIT MENTAH DI SUKAREGANG KABUPATEN GARUT DALAM PERSFEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH." Asy-Syari'ah 20, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/as.v20i2.3063.
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AbstractBuy and sell is an activity to trade goods to other goods or money, and vice versa. In this case Sharia has outlined various conditions and essential requirements so the trade can be considered valid. The object of this study is the practice of cow and sheep skin trade in Sukaregang, Garut Regency, with aims to determine the aspects of sharia economy in the trade, to find a way and solutions for a better system. This paper is based on field research results, used observation and interviews as data collecting methods upon sellers and buyers of cow and sheep skin in Sukaregang, Garut Regency. It shows that the skin trade use kilo system, by weighing the skin. It can be considered as goror, since skin quality is known after buyer process the skin into semi-finished goods. The seller’s motive using kilo system is to gain more profit, even though it will affect the quality of Garut’s leather industry.Keywords:sharia economic law, trading, cow and sheep skin, leather industry AbstrakJual beli adalah suatu kegiatan tukar menukar antara barang dengan barang, atau uang dengan barang, juga sebaliknya. Dalam hal ini syariah telah menggariskan berbagai syarat dan rukun agar jual beli tersebut dapat diakui keabsahannya. Dengan objek kajian praktek jual beli kulit sapi dan domba di daerah Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek hukum ekonomi syariah dalam praktik jual beli tersebut sehingga diharapkan menjadi jalan untuk mendapatkan solusi bagi para pelaku usaha agar terhindar dari kerugian di masa yang akan datang. Tulisan ini dasarkan pada hasil penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan interview kepada penjual dan pembeli kulit sapi dan domba di Sukaregang Kabupaten Garut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan jual beli kulit dengan sistem kilo tersebut mengandung unsur gharar, mengingat kualitas barang tidak tampak pada saat jual beli, dan baru diketahui setelah barang tersebut diolah oleh pembeli menjadi barang setengah jadi. Adapun faktor pendorong para penjual menggunakan sistem kilo tidak lebih dari motif untuk mendapatkan keuntungan, padahal jika diteliti lebih lanjut akan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas industri kulit di Garut.Kata Kunci:hukum ekonomi syari’ah, jual beli, kulit sapi dan domba
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Chen, Ziying, and Jin-Tae Kim. "Study on the Influence of International Economic Law of Carbon Emission Trading on Environmental Sustainable Development." Energies 17, no. 6 (March 18, 2024): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17061453.
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With the continuous development of global economic and trade activities, environmental problems have become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of all countries. How to realize the coordinated development of international trade and environmental protection has become a major issue facing the international community. Since China joined the WTO, its share of international trade has been increasing continuously. In order to deeply analyze the influence of international carbon emission trading policy on domestic carbon emissions, we use an input–output model and a GTAP analysis method to theoretically calculate the carbon emissions of the international trade of various departments in Shandong Province. At the same time, the implicit carbon emission index of various industries in 2022 is calculated through the direct energy consumption coefficient. The results show that there are significant differences in the impact of the carbon tariff system on different industries. In terms of the carbon emission index, the food processing industry showed a decrease of 18.99 Mt, while the implied carbon emission of the tobacco, textile and leather manufacturing industry reached 30.56 Mt due to the continuous expansion of trade scale. In contrast, the implied carbon emission level of the metal product processing industry reached 5.3 Mt, while the carbon emission of traditional trading industries such as coal mining was almost unaffected by international trade, and its carbon emission index reached the highest level of 5.89 in 2020. In terms of trade impact, high-trade industries such as the food processing industry are significantly affected by the carbon tariff policy, and their share has dropped from 5.89% to 3.95% in the past decade. The carbon emissions generated by GDP growth established by the GTAP model are more convincing. This model can directly reflect the energy efficiency of a region from the side. Based on the present situation of international trade, this paper analyzes the inequality of the current carbon tariff system, and puts forward some policies to optimize the energy structure to reduce carbon emissions and expand domestic demand to reduce the dependence on international trade. Through the GTAP model, we put forward policy suggestions to optimize the energy structure to reduce carbon emissions and the dependence on international trade by expanding domestic demand.
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Diansari, Rani Eka, and Rendy Rahmantio. "Faktor keberhasilan usaha pada UMKM industri sandang dan kulit di Kecamatan Wirobrajan Kota Yogyakarta." Journal of Business and Information Systems (e-ISSN: 2685-2543) 2, no. 1 (April 13, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36067/jbis.v2i1.60.
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This study aimed to test the effect of using accounting information and capital on the business success of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Wirobrajan District, Yogyakarta Regency. The Population in this research is the MSMEs in Yogyakarta Regency. Sample taken there were only registered with the Department of Trade Industry and Cooperatives on Yogyakarta Regency, MSMEs in the clothing and leather industry, operating for more than five years, take notes on business management, the respondents as many as 34. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used in this research includes the quality of data consists of the validity and reliability test—the hypothesis consisting of the multiple linear regression analysis. The result indicates that accounting information and capital have a significant impact on business success
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Luo, XiaoFei, YongHui Han, and DongMing Wei. "Analysis on the Trade Comparative Advantage of Manufacturing Industry in Guangzhou to the Belt and Road Area: Based on the RSCA Index." E3S Web of Conferences 38 (2018): 01018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183801018.
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After the economic development has entered the new normal stage, the manufacturing industry in Guangzhou faces new challenges and opportunities, and it urgently needs to change the way of its economy development. This paper uses the RSCA index to analyze Guangzhou’s problems existing in the manufacturing industry, and to compare the situation to six different areas along the B&R. The results show that, Guangzhou has a long and steady comparative advantage in the garment and textile sector, metal products and leather products sector while it is comparative disadvantage in metal smelting and processing sector, chemical products sector and non-metallic mineral sector. From the perspective of regional comparison, Guangzhou has the strongest competitiveness with ASEAN and South Asia while it is complimentarily with Central Asia and West Asia.
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Tolkachev, Sergey A., and Petr V. Arefiev. "Russian chemical, food, pulp and paper and light industries in global value chains." Market economy problems, no. 2 (2022): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33051/2500-2325-2022-2-49-63.
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Subject/topic. The article is devoted to the analysis of value creation and participation in global value chains in the chemical, pulp and paper, food, and leather industries of Russia. The subject of the study is the analysis of trends in the development of significant low-tech industries in global value chains (GCS). Goals/tasks. Based on the analysis, the analysis of trends in the development of significant low-tech industries in global value chains (GCS) to identify existing approaches to the classification of ongoing processes and justify the need for a systematic approach for the sustainable development of the Russian economy. Methodology. The methodological basis of the article consists of general scientific methods – analysis, synthesis, deduction. In the process of studying trends in the dynamics of value added in significant low-tech industries, an event-based case analysis was applied. The methodology of GCC analysis using direct and feedback links based on the «Value Added Trade» database of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) was used. The correlation analysis of the indicators of direct and inverse relationships in the GCC with the indicator «National value added in gross exports of manufacturing industry» was applied. Results. The article analyzes various conditions and factors that create obstacles to building global value chains in the chemical, pulp and paper, food, and leather industries of Russia. Based on expert analysis of macroeconomic data and scientific publications in the field of value creation and participation in global value chains of chemical, pulp and paper, food, leather industries, the author's report on the state of industries and prospects for their development to increase the pace of value creation and participation in global value chains in chemical, pulp and paper, food, the leather industry of Russia. Conclusions/significance. The novelty consists in identifying trends in the process of creating added value and participating in the global value chains of the chemical, pulp and paper, food, and leather industries in Russia. It was found out that the relatively successful period of integration of industries into the GCC, which occurred in 1995-2008, was replaced by a period of exhaustion of the effective integration potential in 2008-2018. Application. The results of the study can be put into practical use when making managerial decisions by officials of state authorities on the implementation of the economic policy of the state for the purpose of sustainable development of the chemical, pulp and paper, food, and leather industries.
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Aleksic, S., V. Pantelic, and C. Radovic. "Livestock production: Present situation and future development directions in Republic of Serbia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 25, no. 5-6-1 (2009): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah0906267a.
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Livestock production is important branch of agriculture in Republic of Serbia. Over 700.000 households are engaged in this production, which is over 55% of total number of households. Livestock production provides necessary products (milk, meat, eggs) for nutrition of domestic population. Also, livestock production provides raw materials for food industry (dairy plants, slaughterhouses, meat industry, conditory industry and leather industry). Livestock production is expected to provide high quality products for export, primarily beef and lamb meat. Chance/opportunity for export exists also for cheeses of high quality (especially sheep and goat cheeses) of defined origin and quality. Based on available data, current situation in livestock production is assessed as inviolable. Number of heads of all species of domestic animals and poultry has been constantly decreasing over the period of last 12 years. The greatest decrease of number of heads of livestock was recorded in years 2000, 2001 and 2002, in all species of domestic animals. During this period, number of cattle decreased by 18,6%, of pigs by 11,8%, sheep by 12,3%, number of goats by 54,1%, horses by 66,0% and poultry by 28,0%. So, by the end of 2007, number of cattle was 1.087.000, pigs 3.832.000, sheep 1.606.000, goats 149.000, horses 18.000 and poultry 16.422.000. Republic of Serbia will in its near future become member of European Union (EU) and World Trade Organization (WTO), which means that livestock production should prepare for competition on unique developed market, without any state trade barriers. Serbia has been preparing for this since 2006 when it signed bilateral agreement on free trade with neighbouring countries - Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and in this way became part of the market and accepted the competition rules on the free market. Accession to EU and WTO includes liberalization of trade in livestock products, low possibility for import protection, implementation of quality standards (HACCP; ISO, Global GAP), reduction of the level of domestic support, discontinuing of export subsidies, increase of profitability and ability to be competitive on the international market.
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Bari, Andriansyah. "Memotret Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Terintegrasi Pada Industri Fashion." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis 17, no. 3 (July 31, 2020): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.38043/jmb.v17i3.2521.
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ABSTRACTSaddap Leather Goods is a company which engaged in fashion especially leather products. As a newly established company, Saddap faces several problems from some divisions, particularly in the marketing division. It is found that brand awareness of Saddap is still considered low. This can be seen from the small number of follower on Instagram. This study aims to find the problem in Saddap by conducting the internal analysis. This analysis consists of SWOT Analysis and TOWS Analysis. The data in this study were obtained through interviews with six informants which consists of Saddap excisting consumer and potential consumer. The data were also obtained through observation, literature (library research), and documentation. From this study it can be concluded that Saddap was facing ineffectiveness of previous marketing activity. To fix this problem, Saddap uses marketing communication tools through the Integrated Marketing Communication. Marketing communication tools proposed by Saddap are Advertising, Sales promotion, Redesign of packaging, Personal Sales, Trade shows and Direct Marketing. This research proposed the short and long term marketing activity
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Petrovic, M. P., M. M. Petrovic, Caro Petrovic, Ruzic Muslic, Z. Ilic, M. Petrovic, and Z. Pavlovski. "Principles of livestock development in the Republic of Serbia." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 28, no. 2 (2012): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1202147p.
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Livestock production is an important branch of agriculture in the Republic of Serbia because it provides necessary products (milk, meat, eggs). In addition, livestock production provides raw materials for food industry and leather industry. Livestock production is expected to provide quality products for export, primarily beef and lamb. There is an opportunity for export of cheese (especially sheep and goat milk cheese) with defined origin and standard of quality. However, based on available data, the situation in livestock production is assessed as negative. In the last years, number of heads of all species of domestic animals has decreased continuously. In several years, Serbia will become member of European Union (EU). This means that livestock production should prepare for competition in the single developed market, without any state trade barriers. Serbia's membership in international organizations, liberalization of trade in livestock products, a small possibility of protection from imports, the implementation of quality standards (HACCP, ISO, Global GAP), reduced levels of domestic support, elimination of export subsidies, increase profitability and ability to be competitive on the international market. Based on these circumstances, it is necessary to build efficient livestock production that can compete in the European market contributing to the growth of farmers and national income.
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Ling, Dan, and Kun Qian. "Research on the impact of RCEP rules of origin on China’s manufacturing industry." SHS Web of Conferences 169 (2023): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316901010.
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As an extremely important part of the RCEP agreement, rules of origin will encourage enterprises to make more use of raw materials and intermediate products in the region, and more easily reach the regional value components to enjoy the preferential tariff treatment of the RCEP. This paper first analyzes the possible impact of the RCEP rules of origin on China’s manufacturing industry, and then simulates the economic impact of the implementation of the RCEP agreement on China’s manufacturing industry through the Global Trade Analysis Model (GTAP). The simulation results show that: (1) China’s industries with obvious industrial advantages, such as textiles and clothing, will benefit from this, but the output of some industries, such as rubber and plastic products, chemical products and drugs, will be impacted to some extent. (2) From the perspective of the import and export scale of the segmented industries, after the entry into force of the RCEP, China’s imports from the member countries in the region have increased significantly in rubber and plastic products, mineral products, transportation equipment, etc., while the exports have increased significantly in food, beverage, tobacco products, textile, clothing, leather products.
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Trevisan, Laís Viera, Alison Geovani Schwingel Franck, Rodrigo Abbade da Silva, and Daniel Arruda Coronel. "PADRÃO DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO DO COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL DO MARANHÃO (1999-2016)." Revista de Políticas Públicas 23, no. 2 (December 23, 2019): 844. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v23n2p844-862.
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Este estudo buscou avaliar o padrão de especialização do comércio internacional do Estado do Maranhão, identificando os setores produtivos mais dinâmicos, no período entre 1999 e 2016. Nesse sentido, foram calculados os indicadores de Vantagem Comparativa Revelada Simétrica (IVCRS), de Comércio Intraindústria (CII) e de Concentração Setorial das Exportações (ICS). Os resultados dos cálculos do IVCRS e do CII apontam que o estado possui dois setores competitivos no mercado internacional, os quais são metais comuns e químicos. Além daqueles indicadores, o ICS indicou que o Maranhão tem uma pauta de exportações concentrada em poucos setores, sendo pouco diversificada.Palavras-chave: Exportações. Vantagem comparativa. Maranhão.THE SPECIALIZATION PATTERN OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF MARANHÃO (1999-2016)Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the specialization pattern in international trade in the state of Maranhão, identifying the most dynamic productive sectors in the period between 1999 and 2016. In this sense, the Revealed SymmetricComparative Advantage (IRSCA) indicator was calculated, as well as the Intra-industry trade index (IIT), the Industry Concentration of Exports (ICS), and the Import Coverage Ratio (IC). The results of the calculations of the RSCA and the IIT indicate that the state has two competitive sectors in the international market: common metals and chemicals. In addition to these indicators, the ICS indicated that Maranhão has an export basket concentrated in a few sectors, with little diversification, and the IC pointed out that the footwear and leather, textiles and metals are the sectors that most exceed imports in relation to the exported value.Keywords: Exports. Comparative advantages. Maranhão.
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Mwinyihija, M. "THE TRANSFORMATIONAL INITIATIVE OF AFRICA’S LEATHER SECTOR DEPENDENCE FROM COMMODITY TO VALUE CREATED AGRO-BASED PRODUCTS." Journal of Africa Leather and Leather Producuts Advances 3, no. 2 (July 20, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15677/jallpa.2016.v3i2.13.
Full textAbstract:
Africa is currently commodity dependent in its global trade engagement particularly in agro-based sectors where it has strong presence. Therefore, an in depth analysis of the leather industry which is an important component of agri-business in the continent is discussed in this paper. The attempt takes cognizance of its key socio-economic aspects related to unemployment, wealth creation, rural development and gender parity. As such, the need for appropriate transformational strategies as prerequisite to the continent’s sustainable development initiatives are investigated. It is envisaged that these strategies will encompass sustainable models of translating the continent to product dependency and inculcate a diversified approach to the resultant value added products anticipated to have huge potential. The approach is to strengthen Africa’s regional value chain platform as a preamble to the global value chain entry which, for a long time has placed the continent towards commodity dependence. Whilst focusing on the regional value chains, relevant stratums of the leather sector are considered in this paper. This initiative encompasses depiction of Africa’s performance, innovation and developmental strides so far achieved. Major results indicate that low to medium level artisanal skills and long experienced practioners (5-30yrs) consolidates the continent’s strength. In addition, the existence of youthful entrepreneurs (aged 30-49) provides a solid ground for the transformational quest to be pursued in Africa. To actualize on this initiative, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa-Leather and Leather Products Institute (COMESA-LLPI) in collaboration with The Common Wealth Secretariat (ComSec) has successfully established a regional design studio (RDS) whose objective is to promote value addition, increase productivity and competitiveness, market access, regional integration and incentivize the drive towards product diversification and regional value added product dependence. Thusly, the paper asserts that to attain this aspired position the approach has to be all encompassing, adopt a triple helix approach and operate on a strengthened regional value chain platform.
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Mukhlis, Mukhlis, Dirta Pratama A, and Nabila Dehannisa. "PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL KOTA PALEMBANG MELALUI KAJIAN POTENSI KLASTER INDUSTRI KECIL." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 12, no. 2 (December 10, 2014): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29259/jep.v12i2.4871.
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Local economic development study of Palembang aims to identify types of small and medium industries that have the potential to be developed in the city of Palembang as well as the appropriate strategy for its development. The data used are secondary obtained from the Department of Industry, Trade and Cooperation of Palembang, the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. The analytical tool used is Location Quotient (LQ) and Typology Klassen. Based on the calculation of LQ, there are four districts that have LQ value greater than 1 is the District Sukarami, Ilir Timur II, Gandus, and Small Hill. While the classification based on growth and contributions obtained: 1) small and medium industry of chemical and building materials sector has grown rapidly classification; 2) small and medium industry of clothing and leather sector has rapidly grown and fast classification advance; 3) small and medium industry of the metal sector and services; and general craft has quickly advanced classification but depressed; and 4) small and medium industry of food group has a relatively low classification. The strategy for the development of small and medium industries in the city of Palembang is through pembe¬rian facilities development, human resource development, equipment, and marketing assistance through pro¬mosi and exhibitions both at provincial and national levels Keywords: Small and Medium Enterprises, Economic Growth, Local Economy, Location Quotient, Typology Klassen.
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Makhrachev, Georgiy S. "Handicraft industry in Tambov Governorate: from military communism to NEP." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 191 (2021): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2021-26-191-215-223.
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We consider the peculiarities of the development of handicraft industry in Tambov Governorate during the military communism and NEP. A decrease in fishing activity is noted during the period of military communism, especially in northern counties. The leather, cobbler and textile industries that were able to meet military needs developed during this period. The process of cooperation between the handicraftsmen began. However, while the original field cooperation was based on local government principles, in 1920 it was transferred to the management of the consumer cooperative society. An interesting phenomenon was the departure of workers from factories to handicraftsmen. During the NEP’s years, there was a revival in the handicraft industry. According to statistics, the number of handicraftsmen in the governorate almost doubled by 1925, but was still smaller than in the pre-reform period. The textile industry was the most developed in the NEP’s years. In 1921, trade cooperation was introduced from the consumer sector and merged into the governorate union of handicraft industry. There was an active work of governorate instructors, who trained handicraftsmen in new production technologies, identified problem areas of cooperation, and strengthened the ties between artels and the county union of handicraft industry. Master classes were also organized for handicraftsmen, and handicraft exhibitions were held. However, the cooperative movement has also faced a number of major problems – lack of sufficient raw materials, delays in supplying goods, poor quality, and disorganized government orders.
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Simon, Edward, Emmanuel Munishi, and Dickson Pastory. "Local and International Factors Affecting Participation of Tanzanian Small and Medium Enterprises in Market Opportunity Brought by the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)." International Journal of Economics and Finance 14, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v14n1p68.
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The study aimed at assessing local and international factors that affect participation of Tanzanian Small and Medium enterprises in market opportunity brought by African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). The study focussed on Tanzania local SMEs engaged in garments and textiles, handicrafts, leather goods, footwear and agro-processing subsectors. The study utilized mixed approach methods and involved a total of 129 respondents. Questionnaire and interview were the main tools for data collection. Information was collected from the owners and marketers of SMEs located in Dar es Salaam, the officials of Ministry of Industry and Trade as well as the Tanzania Ministry of foreign Affairs and East Africa Cooperation. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS software and qualitative data was examined using MAXQDA software. Findings revealed that both local and international related factors were inhibiting Tanzanian SMEs from engaging in the AGOA market. Such factors have been narrated in this paper and recommendations have been given in order to increase engagement of Tanzanian SMEs in the AGOA market.
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Miranda, Suci, and Elisa Kusrini. "Peningkatan Produktivitas Melalui Penerapan 5S di IKM Kulit di Sleman, Yogyakarta." Journal of Approriate Technology for Community Services 2, no. 2 (July 4, 2021): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jattec.vol2.iss2.art6.
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Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) called MARS Genuine Leather is one of the SMEs under the guidance of the Department of Industry and Trade (Disperindag) in the Sleman region, Yogyakarta. In 2018, MARS and 10 other SMEs in Sleman and Bantul Regency have involved in research with the Department of Industrial Engineering at the Islamic University of Indonesia regarding supply chain performance analysis using the Supply Chain Operation Reference (SCOR) Model. The results showed that MARS had the lowest supply chain value among the 5 SMEs in the Sleman region. Continuing the results of the research, improvements were made through Community Service activities regarding the implementation of 5S in MARS. the Department of Industry and Trade (Disperindag) of Sleman has provided several pieces of training on the implementation of 5S for SME owners. However, this training has not been applied directly to each IKM. Therefore, this service activity aims to provide hands-on training on the implementation of 5S at IKM MARS as well as one of the improvements that can be made to the results of previous supply chain performance analysis research. The results of this service are in the form of direct training guidance at IKM, videos of the first 3S implementation (Seiri, Seiso, Seiton), and a checklist form that can be used by IKM as an internal audit. The 5S knowledge and skills that have been applied in MARS are expected to help the enterprise to reduce waste as well as increase productivity in the future.
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A. Al-Mutawalli, Nawala. "An Introduction to the Foreign Trade of Mesopotamia In the Light of Cuneiform Documentation of the Third and Second Millennium BC." Al-Adab Journal 1, no. 120 (December 20, 2018): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i120.305.
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Ancient Iraq is very well known as an agricultural economic country, especially, the middle and the southern parts of Mesopotamia, which was called “the Land of Sumer and Akkad “, it's a very rich agricultural country. Sumer's economy was based on agriculture, fishing, and cattle and sheep breeding. Lived on the products of the fertile, irrigated soil, and this situation was clearly reflected in the cuneiform texts unearthed from many sites from the third and second millennium BC. And due to the young geological composition of Mesopotamia, the alluvial plain of ancient Sumer lacked so much important raw materials, these of materials were needed by the craftsmen of Sumer and Akkad for the industry, works of art and daily life. These raw material were, deferent kinds of stone, timber, and metal, therefore, the need for these materials led to exchange what the people had from the agricultural production and industrial goods and material produced by the workshops of temple or palace, such as: animal hides, leather manufactures, wool, oil, cereals, dates, textile, wild and domesticated animals,…etc., also what not existing in the country ([i])
Leemans, W.F., "The Importance of Trade", Iraq-39, (1977), p. 4.
Al-Hashimi, Rihdah Jawad, "Obsidian Stone and the Origin of Trade" Sumer-28, (1972), p. 203ff.
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Rao, T. V. S., and S. K. Bandyopadhyay. "A comprehensive review of goat pox and sheep pox and their diagnosis." Animal Health Research Reviews 1, no. 2 (December 2000): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252300000116.
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AbstractSheep and goats occupy a premier place in the livestock industry and contribute significantly to the world economy. Their populations are threatened by a number of health hazards, among the most notable of which are goat pox and sheep pox. These diseases inflict substantial losses in terms of reduced productivity and lower quality of wool and leather. They pose a major obstacle to the intensive rearing of sheep and goats and considerably hamper international trade. A comprehensive knowledge of goat pox and sheep pox would help in the diagnosis, prevention and control as well as the management of these diseases in a proper and effective manner. Although the two diseases are easily identified from the clinical signs and host species affected, laboratory tests are needed for confirmation. A battery of simple but highly efficient diagnostic methods and reagents is available for goat pox and sheep pox. However, the best way to control these diseases is the prophylactic immunization of all susceptible animals with a potent and efficacious vaccine, especially in areas where these diseases are endemic.
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Singh, S., and S. Rajamani. "Issues of environmental compliance in developing countries." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 12 (June 1, 2003): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0660.
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Environmental laws define the scarcity of environmental resources as they affect the factor endowment of a country and therefore its position in the international division of labour. There is now also a general agreement that applying the “polluter pays” principle should solve environmental problems. As the burden of abatement increases, as measured by the ratio of abatement expenditure to sales, there is definitely an incentive for firms to either invest in cleaner technology or more efficient abatement technology. There is also evidence that taxes and charges, designed to internalise externalities, can actually affect trade. It is interesting to know if the developing countries face particular market access problems in the face of stringent environmental standards and regulations. While it is true that stringent measures impose market access restrictions and cause limitations on competitiveness, this is much more widely felt by the developing countries because of lack of infrastructure and monitoring facilities, limited technology choices, inadequate access to environment-friendly raw materials, lack of complete information, presence of small-scale exporters and emergence of environmental standards in sectors of export interest to developing countries. The small and medium enterprises often divert sales either to the domestic market or to external markets where environmental requirements are less stringent, in order to save on their costs. In developing countries, 80% of the tanning industry is comprised of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) processing raw to semi-finished leather, usually less than 2 tons per day. In Europe and other developed countries the SMEs in the leather sector have vanished due to strict environmental legislation and this will likely occur in developing countries also. The environmental legislation has not always been practical, either because the laws are too ambitious or unrealistic in certain parameters, or because they have lacked effective instrumentation and institutional support. Some environmental regulations have not succeeded as they do not match the technical requirements and economic reality of the country or region, or because they do not take the institutional capabilities of the society that has to implement them into consideration. For the survival and sustenance of the SMEs in the leather industry, it may be a viable alternative to carry out the tanning process in a decentralized fashion such that the raw to semi-finished process is carried out in the large scale sector while the semi-finished to finished process could either be reserved or open to competition as per the countries' requirements. But the issue of concern is whether it is fair that the raw to semi-finished tanning process, containing 70% of the pollution discharge should be undertaken by developing countries alone, especially if it is at the cost of their survival! However, the game analysed in the paper reveals that tanning units in developing countries would prefer to comply with the regulations and stay in the industry, the alternatives being to collude or to compete!
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Kabir, Ehsanul, Sharmila Ray, Ki-Hyun Kim, Hye-On Yoon, Eui-Chan Jeon, Yoon Shin Kim, Yong-Sung Cho, Seong-Taek Yun, and Richard J. C. Brown. "Current Status of Trace Metal Pollution in Soils Affected by Industrial Activities." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/916705.
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There is a growing public concern over the potential accumulation of heavy metals in soil, owing to rapid industrial development. In an effort to describe the status of the pollutions of soil by industrial activities, relevant data sets reported by many studies were surveyed and reviewed. The results of our analysis indicate that soils were polluted most significantly by metals such as lead, zinc, copper, and cadmium. If the dominant species are evaluated by the highest mean concentration observed for different industry types, the results were grouped into Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Fe, and As in smelting and metal production industries, Mn and Cd in the textile industry, and Cr in the leather industry. In most cases, metal levels in the studied areas were found to exceed the common regulation guideline levels enforced by many countries. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo), calculated to estimate the enrichment of metal concentrations in soil, showed that the level of metal pollution in most surveyed areas is significant, especially for Pb and Cd. It is thus important to keep systematic and continuous monitoring of heavy metals and their derivatives to manage and suppress such pollution.
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Hardinandar, Fajrin, and Firmansyah Firmansyah. "Australian Salt Import Policy in Indonesia: An Analysis of Public Policy." AGRIEKONOMIKA 12, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v12i1.19032.
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The purpose of this study is to examine how economic variables such as the Import of Australian Salt, Domestic Salt Consumption, Domestic Salt Production, GDP Industrial Sector consisting of textile, leather, and pharmaceutical Industry, Cost Insurance Freight (CIF), Australian Dollar Exchange Rate, and non-economic variables respond to the enactment of Government Regulation Number 9 of 2018. The method used is the Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) by observing the dynamic relationship between independent and dependent variables in quarterly data from 2010 to 2021. The results show that Australia's salt imports are smaller than before the enactment of PP No. 9 of 2018. Second, public policy choices in international trade politics for the case of salt imports still prioritize economic benefits (economic scale). Third, the test results show that even though the CIF of imported salt increases, it is inelastic to a decrease in demand. Lastly, the study states that if domestic demand for salt increases with the assumption that national salt production increases, Australian salt imports can be reduced. Our short suggestions are first, the government needs to invest in physical and human technology to reform salt production technology.
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Brar, M. S., S. S. Malhi, A. P. Singh, C. L. Arora, and K. S. Gill. "Sewage water irrigation effects on some potentially toxic trace elements in soil and potato plants in northwestern India." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-106.
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Sewage water is used for irrigation to improve crop yields, but it may affect the soil and crop quality. The effects of discharging the effluents of a leather complex on the concentrations of some potentially toxic elements (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al, As, Cr and Ni) in sewage water and the effects of irrigation with contaminated sewage water on the concentrations of these elements in soils and in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leaves and tubers were studied near Jalandhar city, Punjab, in northwestern India. Two treatments were 10 yr of irrigation with 300 mm of sewage water + 300 mm of ground water per annum (SW) and with 600 mm of ground water per annum (GW). Soils of the study fields were Typic Ustochripts with sandy to loamy sand texture. The concentrations of all elements except As increased following the addition of leather complex effluents in the sewage water, with the biggest increase in the concentration of Cr (from 2.7 mg to 14.0 mg Cr L−1). The SW treatment increased concentrations of all elements in soil except As, and the increase was significant to 60 cm depth for Fe, Mn, Zn, Al and Ni and to 30 cm depth for Cu and Cr. Irrigation with SW also increased the concentrations of these elements in potato leaves and tubers and the increase was generally higher in leaves than in tubers. The proportional increase of Cu, Fe, Zn and Al was less in plants than in soils, that of Mn and Cr was almost similar in plants and in soil, and that of Ni was more in plants than in soil. These elements, which accumulate in soils and crops, may become health hazards to humans and/or animals. Therefore, continued monitoring of the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in soil and plants and/or treatment of sewage water before using for irrigation is needed. Key words: Irrigation, leather industry effluent, Solanum tuberosum, potentially toxic elements, sewage water