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1
Belmahi, Alae Eddine, Youcef Belmahi, Mouloud Benabdi, Amaria Latefa Bouziani, Samira Ait Darna, Yahia Bouslah, Mohamed Bendoula, and Mohamed Bouderbala. "First study of sea turtle strandings in Algeria (western Mediterranean) and associated threats: 2016–2017." Herpetozoa 33 (May 28, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e48541.
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Between December 2015 and December 2017 a total of 63 sea turtles were recorded as being stranded along the Algerian coast. The loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta was the most commonly stranded species (n = 44) (69.8%), followed by the leatherback Dermochelys coriacea (n = 18) (28.6%) and the green turtle Chelonia mydas (n = 1). There was a slight dominance of the adult size class for stranded loggerhead turtles, while, for the leatherback, late juveniles and adults prevailed. Most loggerhead turtles stranded during the summer months (July and August), whereas most leatherbacks stranded during winter. The breakdown of the strandings by region shows a slight dominance along the western and central shores for C. caretta and a clear dominance in the west for D. coriacea. The primary cause of death was determined in 50.8% of the stranded turtles. Regarding the evidence of interactions with humans the major cause of stranding in loggerhead turtles was incidental catch by artisanal fisheries, followed by boats’ collisions. The main causes of leatherback strandings were boats’ collisions. Algerian data show that human activities affect loggerhead turtles and also prove a significant presence of the leatherback turtle on this coast.
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Báez, José C., David Macías, Salvador García-Barcelona, and Raimundo Real. "Interannual Differences for Sea Turtles Bycatch in Spanish Longliners from Western Mediterranean Sea." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/861396.
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Recent studies showed that regional abundance of loggerhead and leatherback turtles could oscillate interannually according to oceanographic and climatic conditions. The Western Mediterranean is an important fishing area for the Spanish drifting longline fleet, which mainly targets swordfish, bluefin tuna, and albacore. Due to the spatial overlapping in fishing activity and turtle distribution, there is an increasing sea turtle conservation concern. The main goal of this study is to analyse the interannual bycatch of loggerhead and leatherback turtles by the Spanish Mediterranean longline fishery and to test the relationship between the total turtle by-catch of this fishery and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). During the 14 years covered in this study, the number of sea turtle bycatches was 3,940 loggerhead turtles and 8 leatherback turtles, 0.499 loggerhead turtles/1000 hooks and 0.001014 leatherback turtles/1000 hooks. In the case of the loggerhead turtle the positive phase of the NAO favours an increase of loggerhead turtles in the Western Mediterranean Sea. However, in the case of leatherback turtle the negative phase of the NAO favours the presence of leatherback turtle. This contraposition could be related to the different ecophysiological response of both species during their migration cycle.
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Mosnier, A., J. F. Gosselin, J. Lawson, S. Plourde, and V. Lesage. "Predicting seasonal occurrence of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in eastern Canadian waters from turtle and ocean sunfish (Mola mola) sighting data and habitat characteristics." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 5 (May 2019): 464–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2018-0167.
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Part of the western Atlantic population of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761)) forage in Canadian waters, where high-use areas have been identified using satellite telemetry and opportunistic sightings. Here, we use sightings of leatherback turtles and ocean sunfish (Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758)) obtained during a systematic large-scale aerial survey, along with opportunistic turtle sightings, to examine the seasonal occurrence and distribution of leatherback turtles in eastern Canada. Using environmental correlates, we predict the spatial and seasonal development of potentially suitable habitats. All data sets confirmed the presence of leatherback turtles off Nova Scotia during summer. They also highlighted turtle occurrence off southern Newfoundland. Opportunistic sightings suggest a seasonal shift in main turtle concentrations from southwest to northeast, with use of southern Newfoundland waters extending into September. A generalized additive model linking environmental characteristics and turtle observations suggests adding the Grand Banks off Newfoundland and waters east of Anticosti Island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the potentially important habitat for leatherback turtles. Direct observations helped delineate habitat currently used by leatherback turtles. In the context of climate change, this modelling approach may improve our ability to forecast changes in turtle habitat suitability and the risks of entrapment or collision associated with potentially changing usage patterns.
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Robinson, Nathan J., Eric A. Lazo-Wasem, Frank V. Paladino, John D. Zardus, and Theodora Pinou. "Assortative epibiosis of leatherback, olive ridley and green sea turtles in the Eastern Tropical Pacific." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 97, no. 6 (May 19, 2016): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315416000734.
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Sea turtles host a diverse array of epibionts, yet it is not well understood what factors influence epibiont community composition. To test whether epibiont communities of sea turtles are influenced by the hosts’ nesting or foraging habitats, we characterized the epibiota of leatherback, olive ridley and green turtles nesting at a single location on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. We also compared the epibiota of these turtles to conspecific populations nesting elsewhere in the East Pacific. If epibiont communities are influenced by nesting habitats, we predicted that sympatrically nesting turtles would have comparable epibiont taxa. Alternatively, if epibiont communities are influenced by foraging habitats, we predicted the diversity of epibiont taxa should reflect the type and diversity of the hosts’ foraging habitats. We identified 18 epibiont taxa from 18 leatherback, 19 olive ridley and six green turtles. Epibiont diversity was low on leatherbacks (four taxa), but higher for olive ridley and green turtles (12 and nine epibiont taxa respectively). The epibiont communities of olive ridley and green turtles were not statistically different, but both were different from leatherbacks. In addition, conspecific sea turtles from other nesting locations hosted more similar epibiont communities than sympatrically nesting, non-conspecifics. We conclude that epibiont diversity of nesting sea turtles is partially linked to the diversity of their foraging habitats. We also conclude that the surface properties of the skin and carapace of these turtles may contribute to the uniqueness of leatherback turtle epibiont communities and the similarities between olive ridley and green turtle epibiont communities.
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McAlpine, Donald F., Stan A. Orchard, Kelly A. Sendall, and Rod Palm. "Status of Marine Turtles in British Columbia Waters: A Reassessment." Canadian Field-Naturalist 118, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v118i1.885.
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Marine turtles in British Columbia have previously been considered off course stragglers. Here we document 20 new reports for Green Turtles, Chelonia mydas, and Leatherback Turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, for the province. Until recently there had been no concerted effort to acquire data on marine turtle abundance or frequency off British Columbia. Observations presented here allow a reassessment of marine turtle status in British Columbia waters. We suggest Green Turtles and Leatherbacks should be considered rare vagrants and uncommon seasonal residents, respectively, off British Columbia and that they are a natural part of the British Columbia marine environment.
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Godfrey, Matthew H., N. Mrosovsky, and R. Barreto. "Estimating past and present sex ratios of sea turtles in Suriname." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-033.
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Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) and green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles in Suriname lay eggs over several months of the year. During this nesting season, changes in rainfall produce changes in sand temperature, which in turn influence the sexual differentiation of incubating sea turtle embryos. The overall sex ratio of leatherback and green sea turtle hatchlings produced at Matapica beach in Suriname was investigated. Estimates of the sex ratios of these turtles in 1993 (green turtles 63.8% female, leatherbacks 69.4% female) were roughly 10% more female-biased than those from an earlier study in 1982. For both species, a significant negative relationship was found between monthly rainfall and monthly sex ratios. Using this relationship and data on rainfall in the past, it was possible to estimate overall sex ratios for an additional 12 years. These estimates varied considerably among different years, ranging from 20 to 90% female in the case of green turtles. Nevertheless, males tended to be produced primarily in April and May, while some females were produced in all months. Such seasonal patterns of production of turtles of different sexes have implications for sea turtle conservation programs that involve manipulating or harvesting eggs.
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Murphy, Colm. "Effects of deep diving on the trachea of the leatherback turtle." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2010 (January 1, 2010): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2010.27.
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This work is concerned with the effects of deep sea diving on the trachea (airway passage) of the leatherback turtle. Leatherback turtles are capable of diving to depths greater than 1,200 meters. Humans, in comparison, may only reach depths of around 30 meters unaided. It is believed that the response of the trachea along with its material properties plays a leading role in determining the depth that can be attained during a dive. The long term objective of this research is to investigate the response of the trachea of the leatherback turtle during deep dives (300-1250m). Questions remain as to the material properties from which the trachea is composed of and how exactly does the trachea respond as it undergoes a deep dive. Answering these questions will help not only to build a complete understanding of the leatherback’s ability to dive to depths greater than 1,000m, but will also inform ...
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James, Michael C., and N. Mrosovsky. "Body temperatures of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) in temperate waters off Nova Scotia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z04-110.
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The leatherback sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761), has the most extensive range of any reptile, migrating from tropical and subtropical nesting areas to distant foraging habitats, including those in temperate and even boreal waters. This implies flexible thermal functioning. It has been inferred that leatherbacks support active foraging by keeping warm in cold water, rather than becoming lethargic as other marine turtles do. However, data consistent with this view have come from captive turtles in unnatural and stressful conditions. In the present case, foraging leatherbacks were captured at sea off Nova Scotia and their body temperature recorded within 10 min, before such large animals could change their body temperatures appreciably. Mean excess temperature over that of the sea surface (15.0–16.7 °C) averaged 8.2 °C. These results attest to, but underestimate, the capacity of free-swimming leatherbacks to keep warm in northern waters, as data from another turtle that was instrumented to record ocean temperature while diving revealed that leatherbacks foraging in this area at the same time of year may spend 40% of their time diving to waters cooler than the surface.
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Wongfu, Chutima, Wareerat Prasitwiset, Anocha Poommouang, Kittisak Buddhachat, Janine L. Brown, Siriwadee Chomdej, Jatupol Kampuansai, Patcharaporn Kaewmong, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, and Korakot Nganvongpanit. "Genetic Diversity in Leatherback Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) along the Andaman Sea of Thailand." Diversity 14, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090764.
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The leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is the largest and one of the most migratory turtle species, inhabiting oceans throughout the world. There has been a steady decline in leatherback populations over the past several decades due to human activities. They are considered endangered in Thailand and global, so conservation strategies are needed to study and protect the species, including determining their genetic diversity. A total of 8 microsatellite loci and 658 bp amplicon of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used to assess genetic data from 149 dead leatherback turtle hatchlings among 14 nests in five locations along the Andaman Sea, Thailand, between 2018–2020. The microsatellite findings show that the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.44 ± 0.09 to 0.65 ± 0.10. Population structures were further divided into two genetically distinct groups by Bayesian inference. For the mtDNA control region, our samples consisted of three haplotypes. Globally, there are 27 haplotypes of leatherback turtles, with a relatively low genetic diversity (h = 0.43). These results reveal the genetic status of leatherback turtles in Thailand and globally, and raise concerns about their relative genetic health, which highlight the need for proactive, long-term management and conservation strategies for this endangered species.
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Weir, Caroline R., Tamar Ron, Miguel Morais, and Agostinho Domingos C. Duarte. "Nesting and at-sea distribution of marine turtles in Angola, West Africa, 2000–2006: occurrence, threats and conservation implications." Oryx 41, no. 2 (April 2007): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060530700186x.
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AbstractThe status of marine turtles in Angola, West Africa, is poorly known, and therefore during 2000–2006 a combination of both dedicated and opportunistic beach and at-sea turtle surveys were carried out, and interviews conducted with fishing communities and at markets. Green Chelonia mydas, olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea, leatherback Dermochelys coriacea and loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta were recorded, and nesting of the first three species confirmed during September–March (peaking November–December). Green turtles nested mainly in the south, leatherback turtles in north and central Angola, and olive ridley turtle nesting was widespread. Olive ridley turtle nest density at Palmeirinhas averaged 32 nests km−1. At-sea surveys produced 298 turtle records, with peak occurrence during August. Significant anthropogenic-related mortality (including exploitation of meat and eggs and fishing bycatch) was recorded, in addition to natural predation and other threats. Maintenance of the long-term sustainability of these turtle populations should focus on the involvement of fishing communities and increasing awareness throughout Angola.
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Retawimbi, Aditano Yani. "PENGARUH TRADISI TABOB TERHADAP PENYU BELIMBING DI KEPULAUAN KEI, MALUKU TENGGARA." Sabda : Jurnal Kajian Kebudayaan 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2011): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/sabda.v6i1.13299.
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One of the traditions of the society of Nu Fit The Kei, Southeast Maluku, which is Tabob to perform a ritual to hunt and consume the meat of the species of leatherbacks Dermochelys coriacea (leatherback turtle). More recently, the tradition of tabob examined became one of the causes of the declining population of leatherbacks, so this turtle species need protection to keep it from extinction. In this article in question is, does the ritual of tabob significantly affect a decrease in the number of population of leatherbacks.
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Dodge, KL, S. Landry, B. Lynch, CJ Innis, K. Sampson, D. Sandilands, and B. Sharp. "Disentanglement network data to characterize leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea bycatch in fixed-gear fisheries." Endangered Species Research 47 (February 24, 2022): 155–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr01173.
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To characterize sea turtle bycatch in fixed-gear fisheries in Massachusetts, USA, we analyzed a 15 yr dataset of entanglement reports and detailed documentation from disentanglement operations. Almost all (272) of the 280 confirmed entanglements involved leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea. The majority of turtles were entangled in actively fished (96%), commercial (94%) pot/trap gear with unbroken/untriggered weak links, specifically the buoy lines marking lobster, whelk, and fish traps. Most reports came from recreational boaters (62%) and other sources (26%), rather than commercial fishers (12%). Leatherback entanglements occurred from May to November, with peak reporting in August, and included adult males, adult females, and subadults. All entanglements involved the turtle’s neck and/or front flippers, with varying degrees of visible injuries; 47 entangled leatherbacks were dead in gear, 224 were alive at first sighting, and 1 case was unknown. Post-release monitoring suggested turtles can survive for days to years after disentanglement, but data were limited. While the observed entanglements in our study are low relative to global bycatch, these numbers should be considered a minimum. Our findings are comparable to observed numbers of leatherbacks taken in Canadian fixed-gear fisheries, and represent just one of multiple, cumulative threats in the North Atlantic. Managers should focus on strategies to reduce the co-occurrence of sea turtles and fixed-fishing gear, including reductions in the number of buoy lines allowed (e.g. replace single sets with trawls), seasonal and area closures targeted to reduce sea turtle-gear interaction, and encourage the development of emerging technologies such as ‘ropeless’ fishing.
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Lutcavage, Molly E., Peter G. Bushnell, and David R. Jones. "Oxygen stores and aerobic metabolism in the leatherback sea turtle." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 2 (February 1, 1992): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-051.
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The leatherback sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, is a large, deep-diving species that has a blood oxygen carrying capacity twice that of smaller, shallow-diving sea turtles. In this study we measured lung volume (by argon dilution) and blood volume (by dilution of Evans' blue dye) in leatherbacks to estimate partitioning of oxygen stores and their potential contribution to aerobic metabolism during diving. Blood volume (77 mL∙kg−1) was slightly higher, yet lung volume was considerably smaller (64 mL∙kg−1), than in other sea turtles, so that potential oxygen stores were almost equally divided between the lung (12 mL∙kg−1) and the blood and tissues (15 mL∙kg−1). At a body temperature of 32–34 °C and high heart rates (43–48/min), oxygen consumption of beached and netted leatherbacks was 1.1 mL∙min−1∙kg−1. The respiratory quotient exceeded unity, suggesting that the turtles were repaying an oxygen debt incurred in the netting procedure. Estimates of the probable utilization of oxygen stores and possible maximum and minimum oxygen uptakes were used to obtain a range of dive times (5–70 min) that can be supported aerobically.
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Gardner, Beth, Patrick J. Sullivan, Stephen J. Morreale, and Sheryan P. Epperly. "Spatial and temporal statistical analysis of bycatch data: patterns of sea turtle bycatch in the North Atlantic." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65, no. 11 (November 2008): 2461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f08-152.
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Loggerhead ( Caretta caretta ) and leatherback ( Dermochelys coriacea ) sea turtle distributions and movements in offshore waters of the western North Atlantic are not well understood despite continued efforts to monitor, survey, and observe them. Loggerhead and leatherback sea turtles are listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union, and thus anthropogenic mortality of these species, including fishing, is of elevated interest. This study quantifies spatial and temporal patterns of sea turtle bycatch distributions to identify potential processes influencing their locations. A Ripley’s K function analysis was employed on the NOAA Fisheries Atlantic Pelagic Longline Observer Program data to determine spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal patterns of sea turtle bycatch distributions within the pattern of the pelagic fishery distribution. Results indicate that loggerhead and leatherback sea turtle catch distributions change seasonally, with patterns of spatial clustering appearing from July through October. The results from the space–time analysis indicate that sea turtle catch distributions are related on a relatively fine scale (30–200 km and 1–5 days). The use of spatial and temporal point pattern analysis, particularly K function analysis, is a novel way to examine bycatch data and can be used to inform fishing practices such that fishing could still occur while minimizing sea turtle bycatch.
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Elliott, Anna, Victoria Hobson, and Kam W. Tang. "Balancing fishery and conservation: a case study of the barrel jellyfish Rhizostoma octopus in South Wales." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 1 (September 20, 2016): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw157.
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In Wales, the barrel jellyfish Rhizostoma octopus is commercially harvested to produce high-value medical grade collagen. Although the fishery is presently not regulated, there are concerns how it may affect the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), which preys on R. octopus in local waters. We combined monitoring data and morphometric and weight measurements in models to estimate the potential impact of R. octopus fishery on foraging turtles. We found a significant quadratic relationship between bell diameter and wet weight of R. octopus, with bell diameter explaining 88% of the variability in wet weight. R. octopus biomass in the Carmarthen Bay varied inter-annually between 38.9 and 594.2 tonnes y−1. The amount of R. octopus needed to satisfy a leatherback turtle’s daily energetic requirements was estimated at 85.1–319.1 kg. Using leatherback turtle sighting data, our models show that during a jellyfish ‘low year”, the R. octopus population could be completely depleted by an average of two foraging turtles along with the current level of commercial harvesting (4.3 tonnes). During a jellyfish “high year”, the current level of commercial harvesting is predicted to have relatively little impact on food supply for even the maximum number of foraging leatherback turtle reported in the area. However, uncertainties related to the jellyfish’s life cycle in the local waters need to be resolved for proper management of this emerging fishery.
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Revuelta, Ohiana, Yolanda M. León, Pablo Feliz, Brendan J. Godley, Juan A. Raga, and Jesús Tomás. "Protected areas host important remnants of marine turtle nesting stocks in the Dominican Republic." Oryx 46, no. 3 (July 2012): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311001529.
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AbstractNesting by marine turtles in the Caribbean has declined considerably, mainly because of human exploitation, but there has previously been no monitoring in the Dominican Republic. We present the first detailed assessment of the status of marine turtle nesting in the country, based on surveys during 2006–2010. Nesting populations of hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricata and leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea are of regional importance and the green turtle Chelonia mydas is still present, although nesting in low numbers. The two main nesting sites are within protected areas: the Jaragua National Park in the south-west, important for leatherback turtles (mean of 126 nests per season), and Del Este National Park on Saona Island in the south-east, principally for hawksbill turtles (mean of 100 nests per season). Comparison with historical data suggests all rookeries are profoundly reduced in size. Although the main nesting beaches are within protected areas, illegal egg-take and meat consumption continues there, and also elsewhere in the country.
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Davenport, J., D. L. Holland, and J. East. "Thermal and biochemical characteristics of the lipids of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea: evidence of endothermy." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70, no. 1 (February 1990): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400034172.
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Unlike other sea turtles, the leatherback Dermochelys coriacea forages widely in temperate waters during summer and dives to abyssal depths (>1000 m) where temperatures are low. There is strong anatomical plus limited physiological evidence in favour of at least facultative endothermy. The lipids of leatherbacks exhibit features which are consistent with maintenance of a core temperature above ambient levels when in cool waters. The lipid of flipper adipose tissue freezes at a lower temperature than lipids extracted from the blubber lining carapace and plastron. Lipid freezing points in leatherbacks are lower than for tropical caimans or terrestrial sheep, but higher than for lipids taken from the blubber of a grey seal. Leatherback adipose tissues show levels of unsaturation in neutral lipid fractions intermediate between those of seals and sheep.
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Holland, D. L., J. Davenport, and J. East. "The fatty acid composition of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea and its jellyfish prey." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70, no. 4 (November 1990): 761–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540005904x.
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The leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (L.) studied was a male, weighing 916 kg, with a total dorsal length of 291 cm. It was beached on the Welsh coast, UK in September 1988 and is currently the largest leatherback ever recorded.Total lipid formed between 87.5 and 95.4% of the dry weight of representative samples of the blubber and 43.0% and 4.9% of the liver and pectoral muscle respectively. High levels of neutral lipid in the liver (79.0% of the total lipid) as well as the blubber (87.6–99.9% of the total lipid) suggest an important energy storage function for these tissues.Overall, with the notable exception of 22:lwll, fatty acids which are found in a putative jellyfish diet of Rhizostoma, Amelia, Cyanea and Chrysaora are also present in the leatherback liver and muscle, blubber and other fatty tissues. Fatty acid 22:lwll is present in the jellyfish samples, but is absent or at trace levels only in the leatherback tissues (0.1–0.3% of the total fatty acids).The polyunsaturated fatty acids of the w3 series 20:5w3, 22:5w3 and 22:6w3 are well represented in leatherback adipose tissues, muscle and liver as well as in the jellyfish examined. The leatherback and jellyfish lipids are therefore marine in character, but are also similar to terrestrial animal lipid in having a high proportion of fatty acids of the w6 series, principally arachidonic acid, 20:4w6. The significant levels of 20:4w6 in jellyfish total lipid (9.7–20.0% of the total fatty acids) and in the leatherback neutral lipid (1.0–10.9% of the total fatty acids) and phospholipid (0.6–15.5% of total fatty acids) fractions of all tissues sampled suggests that arachidonic acid assumes more importance in food chain relationships involving leatherbacks than in other marine food webs such as those involving fish.
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Werneck, M. R., and R. J. Da Silva. "Checklist of sea turtles endohelminth in Neotropical region." Helminthologia 53, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2016-0045.
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SummaryThis paper presents a list of parasites described in sea turtles from the Neotropical region. Through the review of literature the occurrence of 79 taxa of helminthes parasites were observed, mostly consisting of the Phylum Platyhelminthes with 76 species distributed in 14 families and 2 families of the Phylum Nematoda within 3 species. Regarding the parasite records, the most studied host was the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) followed by the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) and leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). Overall helminths were reported in 12 countries and in the Caribbean Sea region. This checklist is the largest compilation of data on helminths found in sea turtles in the Neotropical region.
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Rakotonirina, Berthin, and Andrew Cooke. "Sea turtles of Madagascar – their status, exploitation and conservation." Oryx 28, no. 1 (January 1994): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300028295.
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Five species of sea turtles are known from Madagascar's coastal waters. Fishermen on the western and south-western coasts take green turtle Chelonia mydas, loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta and olive ridley Lepidochelys olivacea for their meat. The hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata is taken mainly for its shell and for making stuffed specimens while the leatherback Dermochelys coriacea is seldom caught. Anecdotal evidence of fishermen and dealers in turtle products, measurement of captured animals and personal observations of the authors all point to declines in numbers and average size for green and hawksbill turtles, coupled with marked declines in nesting rates for these and the olive ridley.
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Bailey, Helen, Scott R. Benson, George L. Shillinger, Steven J. Bograd, Peter H. Dutton, Scott A. Eckert, Stephen J. Morreale, et al. "LEATHERBACK TURTLE MOVEMENT PATTERNS." Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 93, no. 2 (April 2012): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9623-93.2.165.
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Mrosovsky, N. "Leatherback turtle off scale." Nature 327, no. 6120 (May 1987): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/327286a0.
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Lockley, Martin G., Hayley C. Cawthra, Jan C. De Vynck, Charles W. Helm, Richard T. McCrea, and Ronel Nel. "New fossil sea turtle trackway morphotypes from the Pleistocene of South Africa highlight role of ichnology in turtle paleobiology." Quaternary Research 92, no. 3 (August 23, 2019): 626–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.40.
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AbstractMore than 130 late Pleistocene trackway sites from the coastal eolianites and beach deposits of the Cape south coast, South Africa, have previously mostly yielded tracks of large mammals and birds. However, two sites east of Still Bay, and a third near Garden Route National Park, yield distinctive trackways of hatchling sea turtles, made during the short posthatching (postemergence) interval when the trackmakers headed for the sea. One assemblage of approximately parallel trackways indicates smaller loggerhead turtle hatchlings, with alternating gaits, and contrasts with a wider trackway indicating a leatherback turtle hatchling. These are the world's first reports of fossil traces that document this brief “run-for the-sea” phenomenon. They help delineate late Pleistocene sea turtle breeding ranges and indicate climatic conditions along the Cape south coast. Ichnotaxonomically defined swim tracks of large adult sea turtles are known from a few Mesozoic sites. Likewise, walking and swim traces of terrestrial freshwater turtles are also known from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. However, as no ichnotaxonomy exists for these diagnostic hatchling trails, we assign the trackways of the inferred loggerheads to the new ichnotaxon Australochelichnus agulhasii ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov., and the inferred leatherback trackway to Marinerichnus latus ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.
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Troëng, Sebastian, Didiher Chacón, and Belinda Dick. "Possible decline in leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea nesting along the coast of Caribbean Central America." Oryx 38, no. 4 (October 2004): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605304000766.
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Leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea nesting has declined on Pacific beaches and as a result the species is considered Critically Endangered. Atlantic populations are, however, also important for the species' survival and therefore we undertook a study to quantify the size and nesting trend of the Caribbean Costa Rica and Panama leatherback turtle rookery. Tag returns show that post-nesting females from the rookery disperse throughout the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and North Atlantic. Aerial and track survey results were used to estimate 5,759–12,893 nests per year between San Juan river and Chiriquí beach, making this the fourth largest rookery worldwide. Monitoring results from three beaches (Tortuguero, Pacuare and Gandoca) were used to examine any temporal trend in nesting using nonparametric regression. Nesting appeared to decline slightly from 1995 to 2003 but the trend could be an artefact of interannual variation in nest numbers. Explanations for the difference in nesting trends over the past 15 years for Pacific (rapid decline) and Caribbean (slight decline or stable) rookeries include: (1) hatching success on Caribbean beaches has been higher due to dispersed nesting, (2) fisheries bycatch has been greater in the Pacific, and (3) less overlap between fishing areas and leatherback turtle habitats in the Atlantic. Quantification of human-caused mortality of all life stages and knowledge of the marine habitats used by Atlantic leatherback turtles are required to facilitate the development and implementation of effective strategies to reduce threats and avoid a repeat of the decline that has occurred in the Pacific population.
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James, M. C., C. A. Ottensmeyer, S. A. Eckert, and R. A. Myers. "Changes in diel diving patterns accompany shifts between northern foraging and southward migration in leatherback turtles." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 5 (May 2006): 754–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-046.
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Diel diving patterns have been widely documented among plankton-feeding marine vertebrates. In many cases, these patterns have been interpreted as a response to the diel vertical migrations of prey. The leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761), is a large marine predator that exploits gelatinous plankton in disparate foraging areas. Individuals of this species spend extended periods at northern latitudes before moving southward through pelagic waters. To identify and compare potential diel patterns of diving behaviour in temperate areas, where foraging has been observed, versus during southward migration, 15 subadult and adult leatherbacks were equipped with satellite-linked time–depth recorders off Nova Scotia, Canada. We observed variation in nocturnal versus diurnal behaviour, both at northern latitudes and during migration; however, diel differences in both diving and surface activity were much less pronounced while leatherbacks were in the north. We interpret the difference in leatherback diel diving regimen to reflect a response to changing resource conditions at these times, with leatherbacks foraging throughout the day and night at high latitudes, then changing to a bimodal pattern of diving during southward migration, with generally longer, deeper diving occurring during the night versus during the day. By quantifying diel changes in leatherback behaviour, we provide the first surface time correction factors based on multiple individuals for use in estimating abundance from aerial surveys.
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Caut, Stéphane, Elodie Guirlet, Pascal Jouquet, and Marc Girondot. "Influence of nest location and yolkless eggs on the hatching success of leatherback turtle clutches in French Guiana." Canadian Journal of Zoology 84, no. 6 (June 2006): 908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z06-063.
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The hatching success of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761), is influenced by heterogeneously distributed ecological factors. However, the hatching success according to nest-site selection has rarely been studied and little is known about the role of nest-site selection and infertile (yolkless) egg production on the predation rate and development of fertile eggs in leatherback turtle nests laid in French Guiana. A field study of 99 leatherback turtle nests was conducted to quantify the relationships between hatching success and (i) the nest-site selection (i.e., vegetation line, sea tide line) and (ii) the infertile eggs, especially their state after incubation (i.e., hydrated or dehydrated) and their effects on predation rate. We found that hatching success on this beach was very low (38.2%). This study illustrates that nest-site selection influences the predation rate and the dehydration of yolkless eggs, while the production of yolkless eggs by leatherback turtles has consequences on nest success. The proportion of yolkless eggs in the clutch, as well as their status at the end of incubation (hydrated or not, preyed upon), correlates with predation rate, development of yolked eggs, and hatching success. There was a significant relationship between nest location (relative to high tide line and vegetation line) and both the predation rates of eggs and the percentage of dehydrated yolkless eggs within a clutch. The production of yolkless eggs was related to hatching success and supports the hypothesis that yolkless eggs have a positive effect on the future of the clutch.
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Vargas, Sarah M., Luana S. F. Lins, Érica Molfetti, Simon Y. W. Ho, Danielle Monteiro, Jonathan Barreto, Liliana Colman, et al. "Revisiting the genetic diversity and population structure of the critically endangered leatherback turtles in the South-west Atlantic Ocean: insights for species conservation." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541700193x.
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The worldwide population of the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) encompasses seven subpopulations among the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. It has experienced declines across parts of its distribution, with the subpopulation of the South-west Atlantic listed as critically endangered by the IUCN Red List. The main threats to this subpopulation include its interaction with fisheries, coastal development, pollution and climate change. In this study, we sequenced mitochondrial DNA from 52 leatherback turtles in Brazil and combined these with published data from other Atlantic Ocean rookeries. The haplotype diversities of the Atlantic population rookeries ranged from 0.112 to 0.533 and are not directly proportional to current rookery sizes. The Brazilian rookery, despite recording low nest numbers per year, had the second-highest haplotype diversity among all Atlantic rookeries (h = 0.532). A mixed-stock analysis revealed that the South American pelagic aggregate is primarily composed of individuals from West Africa (84%), with contributions from the North Atlantic rookeries (14%). Leatherback turtles appear to have a complex phylogeographic pattern, showing evidence of multiple colonization events and a lack of isolation by distance. Our novel dataset, based on DNA sequences of 695 base pairs, will provide baseline data needed to understand population dynamics in the region, building comprehensive population assessments to support and develop management strategies. Having both the only known regular rookery in the South-west Atlantic, and a mixed-origin foraging area for the species along its coast, Brazil has a key role in the conservation of the leatherback turtle.
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Eckert, Scott A. "Swim speed and movement patterns of gravid leatherback sea turtles(Dermochelys coriacea) at St Croix, US Virgin Islands." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 23 (December 1, 2002): 3689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.23.3689.
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SUMMARYSwim speed, dive behavior and movements were recorded for seven female leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea Vandelli 1761) during a single internesting interval near St Croix in the US Virgin Islands. Modal speeds ranged from 0.56 to 0.84 m s-1, maximum speed range 1.9-2.8 m s-1. Turtles swam continuously throughout the day and night. There were two swim-speed patterns; the most common was slightly U-shaped,with high speeds at the initiation and conclusion of the dive, and the less common was continuous high-speed swimming. The U-shaped speed patterns were coincident with vertical diving by the turtles, while the second pattern occurred most frequently during the daytime, with the turtle swimming within 2 m of the surface. This latter swim behavior appeared to be designed to maximize efficiency for long-distance travel. The hypothesis that leatherbacks rest or bask at midday during their internesting interval is refuted by this study.
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Rivas, Marga L., Carlos Fernández, and Adolfo Marco. "Nesting ecology and population trend of leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea at Pacuare Nature Reserve, Costa Rica." Oryx 50, no. 2 (January 12, 2015): 274–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000775.
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AbstractThe leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea, the only extant species in its family, is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The protection of nesting beaches and the associated conservation efforts along the Western Atlantic coast of Central America have improved the population trends of some of the most important rookeries. Here we report the life history, ecology and population trends of leatherback turtles over 18 years (1994–2012, excluding 1998) of effective protection in the Pacuare Nature Reserve, on the Caribbean coast of Costa Rica. A mean density of 142 nests per km, probably the highest in Central America, indicates the importance of this rookery within the Caribbean region. Long-term conservation efforts at the Reserve have significantly reduced poaching and contributed to maintaining a high level of hatchling production. Long-term monitoring has also facilitated estimation of relevant demographic parameters of the population, such as nesting success (mean 69.8 ± SD 7.3%), clutch size (which is positively correlated with female size), hatching success (mean 55.2 ± SD 6.0%), remigration interval (2.5 years), and growth rate of remigrant females (mean 0.3 ± SD 1.0 cm per year), which is slightly faster than growth rates reported for Pacific leatherback turtles. Overall, efforts at Pacuare have been successful in protecting leatherback turtles and understanding their life history, highlighting the importance of long-term conservation projects for maintaining threatened leatherback populations.
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Fossette, S., M. J. Witt, P. Miller, M. A. Nalovic, D. Albareda, A. P. Almeida, A. C. Broderick, et al. "Pan-Atlantic analysis of the overlap of a highly migratory species, the leatherback turtle, with pelagic longline fisheries." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1780 (April 7, 2014): 20133065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3065.
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Large oceanic migrants play important roles in ecosystems, yet many species are of conservation concern as a result of anthropogenic threats, of which incidental capture by fisheries is frequently identified. The last large populations of the leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea , occur in the Atlantic Ocean, but interactions with industrial fisheries could jeopardize recent positive population trends, making bycatch mitigation a priority. Here, we perform the first pan-Atlantic analysis of spatio-temporal distribution of the leatherback turtle and ascertain overlap with longline fishing effort. Data suggest that the Atlantic probably consists of two regional management units: northern and southern (the latter including turtles breeding in South Africa). Although turtles and fisheries show highly diverse distributions, we highlight nine areas of high susceptibility to potential bycatch (four in the northern Atlantic and five in the southern/equatorial Atlantic) that are worthy of further targeted investigation and mitigation. These are reinforced by reports of leatherback bycatch at eight of these sites. International collaborative efforts are needed, especially from nations hosting regions where susceptibility to bycatch is likely to be high within their exclusive economic zone (northern Atlantic: Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal, Spain, USA and Western Sahara; southern Atlantic: Angola, Brazil, Namibia and UK) and from nations fishing in these high-susceptibility areas, including those located in international waters.
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Edwards, Jonnel J., Victor A. Amadi, Esteban Soto, Michele T. Jay-Russel, Peiman Aminabadi, Kirsten Kenelty, Kate Charles, et al. "Prevalence and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica isolates from three species of wild marine turtles in Grenada, West Indies." January-2021 14, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.222-229.
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Background and Aim: Salmonella enterica causes enteric disease in mammals and may potentially be transmitted from marine turtles that shed the pathogen in the environment. Marine turtle-associated human salmonellosis is a potential public health concern in Grenada, as the island supports populations of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), and green turtles (Chelonia mydas) that interface with veterinarians and conservation workers, the local population, and the thousands of visitors that frequent the island yearly. To date, the prevalence of S. enterica has only been examined in a small subset of marine turtles in the Caribbean and no studies have been conducted in Grenada. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of S. enterica in leatherback, hawksbill and green turtles in Grenada, characterize phenotypes and DNA profiles, and explore the potential risk to human health in the region. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 cloacal swabs were obtained from nesting leatherback turtles and foraging hawksbill and green turtles. Samples were cultured on enrichment and selective media and isolates were phenotypically characterized using serotyping, pulsed-phase gel electrophoresis, and antibiotic susceptibility. Enrichment broths were additionally screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using S. enterica-specific primers. Results: S. enterica was cultured from 15/57 (26.3%) leatherback turtles, 0/28 hawksbill, and 0/17 green turtles. This included S. enterica serovars Montevideo, S. I:4,5,12:i:-, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Newport, S. I:6,7:-:-, and S. I:4,5,12:-:-. Five/15 leatherback turtles carried multiple serovars. Eight pulsotype groups were identified with multiple clustering; however, there was no clear association between pulsotype group and serotype profile. Five/71 isolates showed resistance to streptomycin or ampicillin. Twenty-one/57 leatherback turtles, 14/28 hawksbill turtles, and 8/17 green turtles tested positive for S. enterica by quantitative PCR. Conclusion: Nesting leatherback turtles actively shed S. enterica and poses a risk for zoonosis; however, the presence of viable pathogen in green and hawksbill species is unclear. These findings help elucidate the role of marine turtles as potential sources of zoonotic S. enterica and provide baseline data for one health research in Grenada and the wider Caribbean region.
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Hays, Graeme C., Jonathan D. R. Houghton, and Andrew E. Myers. "Pan-Atlantic leatherback turtle movements." Nature 429, no. 6991 (June 2004): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/429522a.
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Botterell, Zara L. R., Rod Penrose, Matthew J. Witt, and Brendan J. Godley. "Long-term insights into marine turtle sightings, strandings and captures around the UK and Ireland (1910–2018)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, no. 6 (September 2020): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315420000843.
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AbstractWith over a century of records, we present a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal occurrence of marine turtle sightings and strandings in the UK and Ireland between 1910 and 2018. Records of hard-shell turtles, including loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta, N = 240) and Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii, N = 61), have significantly increased over time. However, in the most recent years there has been a notable decrease in records. The majority of records of hard-shell turtles were juveniles and occurred in the boreal winter months when the waters are coolest in the North-east Atlantic. They generally occurred on the western aspects of the UK and Ireland highlighting a pattern of decreasing records with increasing latitude, supporting previous suggestions that juvenile turtles arrive in these waters via the North Atlantic current systems. Similarly, the majority of the strandings and sightings of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea, N = 1683) occurred on the western aspects of the UK and the entirety of Ireland's coastline. In contrast to hard-shell turtles, leatherback turtles were most commonly recorded in the boreal summer months with the majority of strandings being adult sized, of which there has been a recent decrease in annual records. The cause of the recent annual decreases in turtle strandings and sightings across all three species is unclear; however, changes to overall population abundance, prey availability, anthropogenic threats and variable reporting effort could all contribute. Our results provide a valuable reference point to assess species range modification due to climate change, identify possible evidence of anthropogenic threats and to assess the future trajectory of marine turtle populations in the North Atlantic.
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Lehman, Thomas M., and Susan L. Tomlinson. "Terlinguachelys fischbecki, a new genus and species of sea turtle (Chelonioidea: Protostegidae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Texas." Journal of Paleontology 78, no. 6 (November 2004): 1163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000043973.
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Remains of a large sea turtle, Terlinguachelys fischbecki n. gen. and sp., were recovered from paralic deposits of the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Aguja Formation in Big Bend National Park, Texas. T. fischbecki is a primitive protostegid that retains a constricted humerus, well ossified plastron and costals, prominent retroarticular process on the lower jaw, and long slender femora; however, it has some features, such as a prominent tubercle at the base of the scapular acromion process, found elsewhere only in derived leatherback sea turtles. The unique combination of primitive and derived traits in T. fischbecki illustrates further diversity among Cretaceous sea turtles and another case of parallelism common in sea turtle phylogeny.
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Barata, Paulo C. R., Eduardo H. S. M. Lima, Márcio Borges-Martins, Juarez T. Scalfoni, Claudio Bellini, and Salvatore Siciliano. "Records of the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) on the Brazilian coast, 1969–2001." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 6 (November 23, 2004): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404010720h.
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Data from several sources and original data are presented regarding sightings, strandings and incidental captures of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) on the Brazilian coast in a 33 year period, from 1969 to 2001. Two of the turtles were small juveniles (curved carapace length=40 cm and approximately 85 cm) and the remaining animals with known carapace size were large juveniles or adults. The origin of leatherbacks observed in Brazil is unknown. Several colonies in South America, including a Brazilian one, in the Caribbean, in western Africa and even in eastern South Africa could be the source of these turtles. The data presented here suggest that more effort should be directed to the assessment of the impact of fishing gear and marine pollution on leatherbacks and that systematic surveys on beaches should be maintained in order to monitor long term fluctuations in stranding levels and spatial stranding patterns. Genetic studies and satellite telemetry would be helpful in clarifying the origin of leatherbacks stranded or incidentally captured on the Brazilian coast.
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Flores, Eric E. "Recent observations of Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761), in the waters of Pacific Panama." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 17, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.17.e81465.
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The situation of the Eastern Tropical Pacific subpopulation of the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) is critical due to the drastic declines of nesting females. Evidence of the presence of leatherback sea turtles along the Pacific coast of Panama is anecdotal and is based on the local knowledge of local residents. I present here an uncommon observation of a subadult and an adult D. coriacea in the waters off the coast of Azuero Peninsula in central Panama. These observations indicate the need for intensive surveys along this coast that in part may rely on key local informants to urgently implement conservation efforts for this species.
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Yewen, Martha Yulita, and I. Made Bayu Ariwangsa. "Peran Stakeholders dalam Konservasi Penyu Belimbing di Pantai Peneluran Jamursba Medi Kabupaten Tambrauw Provinsi Papua Barat." JURNAL DESTINASI PARIWISATA 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2018): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jdepar.2017.v05.i02.p27.
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The conservation potential of Leatherback Sea Turtle in Jamursba Medi Spawning Beach is for ecotourism attraction. This research was conducted at PeneluranJamursbaMedi Beach. This research was conducted to find out the potential of Leatherback Sea Turtle at JamursbaMediSpawningBeach as ecotourism attraction in Tambrauw Regency and also to find out the form of cooperation of Stakeholders in the area of Jamursba Medi Spawning Beach, Regency of Tambrauw, Province of West Papua. The type of data being used in this research was qualitative and quantitative with primary and secondary data source obtained through data sampling technique of depth interview observation, literature study with informant determination technique of purposive sampling and data analysis technique of descriptive qualitative. The result of research shows that in the area of Spawning Beach, Leatherback Sea Turtles have a potential to support tourism development in the form of natural, cultural and human. These three potencies are the assets to give contribution for tourism development and management of coastal park and has potential for ecotourism sector. So participation and active role of stakeholders namely Government, Population, and non-governmental organizations / WWF (World Wildlife Fund) is required for advancement and development in the area of Jamursba Medi Spawning Beach.
Key words: Potency, Ecotourism Conservation, Stakeholder.
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Pattiselanno, Freddy, Natanael Natumnea, Kuswanto Kuswanto, Muhamad Ansarudin, Yosefina M. Goban, Evi S. H. Kararbo, Martha Kayadoe, and Eli F. Karubaba. "MENDUKUNG UPAYA PERLINDUNGAN PENYU BELIMBIMG (Dermochelys coriacea) MELALUI PENDIDIKAN (PROGRAM KKN WAU-WEYAF, ABUN)." IGKOJEI: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (July 12, 2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.46549/igkojei.v2i2.209.
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ABSTRACT
Wau-Weyaf Beach is the nesting ground of six species of turtles, including the world's largest turtle, the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea). The University of Papua (UNIPA) Manokwari, since 2009 has been directly involved in the turtle nesting area protection program by involving the students of UNIPA through the Community Service Program (KKN). In 2016, students carried out the KKN Program starting from June 30th to August 16th in Kampung Wau-Weyaf, one of the leatherback turtles’ egg-laying locations in Abun. This paper is a part of the Community Service Program which is carried out in the said village. The activities conducted during the KKN include both formal and non-formal education, religious education, and environmental education. Education-based KKN directly helps to improve public awareness which, in turn, supports the efforts to protect and save the leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) on the coast of Abun, Tambrau. The same approach is also able to improve the calistung (the capability to read, write, and count) ability of school children along with their awareness to maintain the cleanliness of their homes, school, and village environment.
Keywords: Education; Conservation; Turtle; Wau-Weyaf
ABSTRAK
Pantai Wau-Weyaf merupakan tempat bertelur bagi 6 jenis penyu, termasuk penyu terbesar di dunia, Penyu Belimbing (Dermochelys coriacea). Universitas Papua (UNIPA) Manokwari, sejak tahun 2009 telah terlibat secara langsung dalam program perlindungan kawasan peneluran penyu ini melalui pelibatan mahasiswa melalui program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN). Pada tahun 2016, mahasiswa Universitas Papua (UNIPA) melaksanakan program KKN yang dilaksanakan antara tanggal 30 Juni sampai dengan 16 Agustus 2016 di Kampung Wau-Weyaf. Tulisan ini merupakan bagian dari pelaksanaan kegiatan KKN yang dilaksanakan di kampung Wau-Weyaf sebagai salah satu lokasi peneluran telur penyu belimbing di Abun. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi pendidikan formal dan non-formal, pendidikan agama, dan pendidikan lingkungan. KKN berbasis pendidikan yang dilakukan secara langsung membantu meningkatkan penyadar tahuan masyarakat yang menunjang usaha perlindungan dan penyelamatan penyu belimbing (Dermochelys coriacea) di pesisir Abun, Tambrau. Pendekatan yang sama juga mampu meningkatkan kemampuan calistung anak-anak sekolah dan kesadaran menjaga kebersihan lingkungan rumah, sekolah dan kampung.
Kata kunci: Pendidikan; Konservasi; Penyu; Wau-Weyaf
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Rojo-Nieto, E., P. D. Álvarez-Díaz, E. Morote, M. Burgos-Martín, T. Montoto-Martínez, J. Sáez-Jiménez, and F. Toledano. "Strandings of cetaceans and sea turtles in the Alboran Sea and Strait of Gibraltar: a long–time glimpse of the north coast (Spain) and the south coast (Morocco)." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 34, no. 1 (2011): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2011.34.0151.
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A total of 13 species of cetaceans and three species of marine turtles were found in this study. Data were collected by eight independent and self-regulated stranding networks, providing information about 1,198 marine mammal (10 odontocetii, three mysticetii and one phocidae) and 574 sea turtle stranding events between 1991 and 2008. Trends in the strandings were analysed in relation to species composition and abundance, and their geographic and seasonal distribution. The most abundant species recorded were the striped dolphin and the loggerhead turtle. Some of the strandings, such as the humpback whale, harbour porpoise, hooded seal and olive ridley turtle, were considered ‘rare’ because their distribution did not match the pattern of the study. When the north and south coasts in the study area were compared, pilot whales stranded more frequently in the north, while delphinid species stranded more in the south coast, and loggerhead turtles stranded more frequently in the north while leatherback turtles stranded more in south coast.
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Kurniawan, Ahmad. "i-LENUK: Sistem Pendataan Penyu Berbasis Aplikasi Bagi Pokmaswas Pantai Taman Kili Kili, Trenggalek, Jawa Timur." Journal of Innovation and Applied Technology 6, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiat.2020.006.01.4.
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Taman Kili Kili Beach is a nesting place for turtles. There are Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), Hawksbill Turtle (Deretmocelys imbricate), Green Turtle (Chelonian mydas)and Leatherback (Dermocelys oliacea) that found completing their natal homing to this area during the night. The beach area was conserved and managed by a group of local community that called as Pokmaswas Taman Kili-Kili Beach with consideration of the government at the village level. However, due to limitation of Pokmaswas human resources, turtle data tabulation process still conducted by filling sheet manually and it went ineffective and prone to lost. i-LENUK, an application-based on android that developed for turtle data tabulation and database system for the Pokmaswas of Taman Kili Kili introduced and applied to solved and increase effectiveness. Pokmaswas members have been trained as tabulator and administrator in the turtle data tabulation including verification and maintain data as well
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Shillinger, George L., Emanuele Di Lorenzo, Hao Luo, Steven J. Bograd, Elliott L. Hazen, Helen Bailey, and James R. Spotila. "On the dispersal of leatherback turtle hatchlings from Mesoamerican nesting beaches." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1737 (February 29, 2012): 2391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2348.
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So little is known about the early life history of leatherback turtles ( Dermochelys coriacea ) from hatchling to adulthood that this period has been termed the ‘lost years’. For critically endangered eastern Pacific leatherback populations, continued and rapid declines underscore the urgent need to develop conservation strategies across all life stages. We investigate leatherback hatchling dispersal from four Mesoamerican nesting beaches using passive tracer experiments within a regional ocean modelling system. The evolution of tracer distribution from each of the nesting beaches showed the strong influence of eddy transport and coastal currents. Modelled hatchlings from Playa Grande, Costa Rica, were most likely to be entrained and transported offshore by large-scale eddies coincident with the peak leatherback nesting and hatchling emergence period. These eddies potentially serve as ‘hatchling highways’, providing a means of rapid offshore transport away from predation and a productive refuge within which newly hatched turtles can develop. We hypothesize that the most important leatherback nesting beach remaining in the eastern Pacific (Playa Grande) has been evolutionarily selected as an optimal nesting site owing to favourable ocean currents that enhance hatchling survival.
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Davenport, J., and J. Wrench. "Metal levels in a leatherback turtle." Marine Pollution Bulletin 21, no. 1 (January 1990): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(90)90152-x.
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Cadena, E. A., T. M. Scheyer, J. D. Carrillo-Briceño, R. Sánchez, O. A. Aguilera-Socorro, A. Vanegas, M. Pardo, D. M. Hansen, and M. R. Sánchez-Villagra. "The anatomy, paleobiology, and evolutionary relationships of the largest extinct side-necked turtle." Science Advances 6, no. 7 (February 2020): eaay4593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay4593.
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Despite being among the largest turtles that ever lived, the biology and systematics of Stupendemys geographicus remain largely unknown because of scant, fragmentary finds. We describe exceptional specimens and new localities of S. geographicus from the Miocene of Venezuela and Colombia. We document the largest shell reported for any extant or extinct turtle, with a carapace length of 2.40 m and estimated mass of 1.145 kg, almost 100 times the size of its closest living relative, the Amazon river turtle Peltocephalus dumerilianus, and twice that of the largest extant turtle, the marine leatherback Dermochelys coriacea. The new specimens greatly increase knowledge of the biology and evolution of this iconic species. Our findings suggest the existence of a single giant turtle species across the northern Neotropics, but with two shell morphotypes, suggestive of sexual dimorphism. Bite marks and punctured bones indicate interactions with large caimans that also inhabited the northern Neotropics.
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Eckert, Scott A., Karen L. Eckert, P. Ponganis, and G. L. Kooyman. "Diving and foraging behavior of leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 2834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-399.
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Remote time–depth recorders (TDR) were deployed on six gravid leatherbacks nesting on Sandy Point, St. Croix. Dive behavior was monitored continuously for each turtle during internesting intervals ranging from 9 to 11 days. Dive duration averaged 9.9 min/dive (SD = 5.3, n = 5096); mean depth was 61.6 m (SD = 59.1, n = 5096). One turtle dived twice beyond the range of her TDR to depths we estimate >1000 m. Postdive surfacing intervals averaged 4.9 min/dive (SD = 13.1, n = 5090). Differences in mean dive depth, dive duration, and surface intervals among turtles were not attributable to differences in body size (length or mass). Distinct diel periodicity was observed in dive behavior; submergence intervals were longest at dawn, declined throughout the day, and were shortest at dusk. Night dives (19:00–04:59) were shorter, shallower, and more frequent than day dives (05:00–18:59). Dive depth was less variable at night than during the day. The dive pattern suggests nocturnal foraging within the deep scattering layer, a hypothesis that is corroborated by seasonal weight loss data.
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Holtz, Bethany, Kelly R. Stewart, and Wendy E. D. Piniak. "Influence of environmental and anthropogenic acoustic cues in sea-finding of hatchling leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): e0253770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253770.
Full textAbstract:
Although the visual and geomagnetic orientation cues used by sea turtle hatchlings during sea-finding have been well studied, the potential for auditory stimuli to act as an orientation cue has not been explored. We investigated the response of sea turtle hatchlings to natural and anthropogenic noises present on their nesting beaches during sea-finding. The responses of hatchling leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, collected from the Sandy Point National Wildlife Refuge, St. Croix, were measured in the presence of aerial acoustic sounds within hatchlings’ hearing range of 50 to 1600 Hz. The highest sound energy produced by beach waves occurs at frequencies 50–1000 Hz, which overlaps with the most sensitive hearing range of hatchling leatherbacks (50–400 Hz). Natural beach wave sounds, which have highest sound energy at frequencies of 50–1000 Hz, may be masked by human conversations (85–650 Hz) and vehicle traffic noise (60–8000 Hz). In the presence of three stimuli, a) beach wave sounds (72.0 dB re: 20 μPa), b) human conversation (72.4 dB re: 20 μPa), and c) vehicle traffic noise (71.1 dB re: 20 μPa), hatchlings exhibited no phonotaxic response (wave sounds: mean angle = 152.1°, p = 0.645; human conversation: mean angle = 67.4°, p = 0.554; traffic noise: mean angle = 125.7°, p = 0.887). These results may be due to the hatchlings being unable to localize sounds in the experimental arena. Visual and auditory cues may also converge to affect sea-finding orientation. Future studies should focus on the localization ability of sea turtles and on the role that sound may play in orientation when combined with other sensory and environmental cues.
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Charles, Kate E., Clare E. Morrall, Jonnel J. Edwards, Kenrith D. Carter, Josephine A. Afema, Brian P. Butler, and David P. Marancik. "Environmental and Nesting Variables Associated with Atlantic Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) Embryonic and Hatching Success Rates in Grenada, West Indies." Animals 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2023): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13040685.
Full textAbstract:
Annual monitoring of leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting grounds in Grenada, West Indies has identified relatively low hatch rates compared to worldwide trends. This study investigated the impact of selected environmental variables on leatherback sea turtle embryonic development and hatching success rates on Levera Beach in Grenada between 2015–2019. The mean number of nests per year and eggs per nest were 667.6 ± 361.6 and 80.7 ± 23.0 sd, respectively. Within excavated nests, 35.6% ± 22.0 sd of eggs successfully developed embryos and 30.6% ± 22.6 sd of eggs successfully hatched. The number of eggs per nest, along with embryo and hatching success rates, differed by nesting year. Embryo development success rate was associated with nest location, and both embryo development and hatching success rates were positively associated with nest depth and negatively associated with the percentage of eggs exhibiting microbial growth and with the presence of inspissated yolk. There was no embryo development or hatchling success association with month of the nesting season, distance from the high-water mark, distance from vegetation, nor maternal carapace length. The mean nest temperature was 31.7 °C ± 1.64 sd and mean temperatures during the middle third of egg incubation suggest clutches are highly skewed towards a preponderance of female hatchlings. Histopathologic findings in hatchling mortalities included severe, acute, multifocal, heterophilic bronchopneumonia with intralesional bacteria in 4/50 (8%) hatchlings. Data from this study guide conservation strategies by identifying risk factors and further avenues of research needed to support reproductive success of leatherback sea turtles in Grenada and the greater Caribbean region.
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Fossette, Sabrina, Adrian C. Gleiss, James P. Casey, Andrew R. Lewis, and Graeme C. Hays. "Does prey size matter? Novel observations of feeding in the leatherback turtle ( Dermochelys coriacea ) allow a test of predator–prey size relationships." Biology Letters 8, no. 3 (November 16, 2011): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0965.
Full textAbstract:
Optimal foraging models predict that large predators should concentrate on large prey in order to maximize their net gain of energy intake. Here, we show that the largest species of sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea , does not strictly adhere to this general pattern. Field observations combined with a theoretical model suggest that a 300 kg leatherback turtle would meet its energetic requirements by feeding for 3–4 h a day on 4 g jellyfish, but only if prey were aggregated in high-density patches. Therefore, prey abundance rather than prey size may, in some cases, be the overriding parameter for foraging leatherbacks. This is a classic example where the presence of small prey in the diet of a large marine predator may reflect profitable foraging decisions if the relatively low energy intake per small individual prey is offset by high encounter rates and minimal capture and handling costs. This study provides, to our knowledge, the first quantitative estimates of intake rate for this species.
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Barnett, Linda K., Craig Emms, Alpha Jallow, Anna Mbenga Cham, and Jeanne A. Mortimer. "The distribution and conservation status of marine turtles in The Gambia, West Africa: a first assessment." Oryx 38, no. 2 (April 2004): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605304000353.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports the first systematic survey of the marine turtles of the 80 km of Gambian coastline, and brings together new data and all past records and reports of marine turtles in The Gambia. Green turtles Chelonia mydas are the most abundant turtles and this is the only species so far observed nesting in The Gambia, with peak nesting between August and October. Although 75% (60 km) of The Gambian coastline appears to be suitable for turtle nesting, most nesting activity is confined to the southern coastline. Offshore foraging habitat is apparently extensive. Strandings of green turtles, olive ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea, leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea and hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata have been recorded, but we were unable to find evidence for loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta. Threats are mainly of human origin, and include illegal harvesting of eggs, juveniles and adults, as well as mortality as fisheries bycatch, including trawling. One stranded green turtle apparently had fibropapilloma disease. The major threat to nesting habitats is erosion and unregulated development of the coast for tourism. Marine turtles are fully protected under Gambian law. Other national efforts to conserve turtles in The Gambia are described and assessed.
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Holst, Meike. "Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Sightings During a Survey of the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, British Columbia." Canadian Field-Naturalist 131, no. 2 (October 29, 2017): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v131i2.1873.
Full textAbstract:
Marine mammals and sea turtles were documented as part of a monitoring and mitigation program during a seismic study offshore (~250 km) from Vancouver island, British Columbia, during August–September 2009. Forty-one marine mammals in nine groups were sighted. Dall’s Porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli) was the most frequently sighted species. A Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus), a pod of Pacific White-sided Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), an unidentified toothed whale, a Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga angustirostris), and a leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) were also observed. These data augment current knowledge on the occurrence of marine mammals and sea turtles in the offshore waters of British Columbia.
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James, Michael C., Ransom A. Myers, and C. Andrea Ottensmeyer. "Behaviour of leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea , during the migratory cycle." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1572 (July 11, 2005): 1547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3110.
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Leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea , undertake broad oceanic movements. While satellite telemetry has been used to investigate the post-nesting behaviour of female turtles tagged on tropical nesting beaches, long-term behavioural patterns of turtles of different sexes and sizes have not been described. Here we investigate behaviour for 25 subadult and adult male and female turtles satellite-tagged in temperate waters off Nova Scotia, Canada. Although sex and reproductive condition contributed to variation in migratory patterns, the migratory cycle of all turtles included movement between temperate and tropical waters. Marked changes in rates of travel, and diving and surfacing behaviour, accompanied southward movement away from northern foraging areas. As turtles approached higher latitudes the following spring and summer, they assumed behaviours consistent with regular foraging activity and eventually settled in coastal areas off Canada and the northeastern USA. Behavioural patterns corresponding to various phases of the migratory cycle were consistent across multiple animals and were repeated within individuals that completed return movements to northern waters. We consider the potential biological significance of these patterns, including how turtle behaviour relates to predator avoidance, thermoregulation and prey distribution.