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Journal articles on the topic 'Leaves – Morphology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Vasco, Alejandra, and Barbara A. Ambrose. "Simple and Divided Leaves in Ferns: Exploring the Genetic Basis for Leaf Morphology Differences in the Genus Elaphoglossum (Dryopteridaceae)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 5180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155180.

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Despite the implications leaves have for life, their origin and development remain debated. Analyses across ferns and seed plants are fundamental to address the conservation or independent origins of megaphyllous leaf developmental mechanisms. Class I KNOX expression studies have been used to understand leaf development and, in ferns, have only been conducted in species with divided leaves. We performed expression analyses of the Class I KNOX and Histone H4 genes throughout the development of leaf primordia in two simple-leaved and one divided-leaved fern taxa. We found Class I KNOX are expressed (1) throughout young and early developing leaves of simple and divided-leaved ferns, (2) later into leaf development of divided-leaved species compared to simple-leaved species, and (3) at the leaf primordium apex and margins. H4 expression is similar in young leaf primordia of simple and divided leaves. Persistent Class I KNOX expression at the margins of divided leaf primordia compared with simple leaf primordia indicates that temporal and spatial patterns of Class I KNOX expression correlate with different fern leaf morphologies. However, our results also indicate that Class I KNOX expression alone is not sufficient to promote divided leaf development in ferns. Class I KNOX patterns of expression in fern leaves support the conservation of an independently recruited developmental mechanism for leaf dissection in megaphylls, the shoot-like nature of fern leaves compared with seed plant leaves, and the critical role marginal meristems play in fern leaf development.
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2

Nukazuka, Akira, Takahiro Yamaguchi, and Hirokazu Tsukaya. "A Role for Auxin in Triggering Lamina Outgrowth of Unifacial Leaves." Plant Physiology 186, no. 2 (February 23, 2021): 1013–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiab087.

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Abstract A common morphological feature of typical angiosperms is the patterning of lateral organs along primary axes of asymmetry—a proximodistal, a mediolateral, and an adaxial–abaxial axis. Angiosperm leaves usually have distinct adaxial–abaxial identity, which is required for the development of a flat shape. By contrast, many unifacial leaves, consisting of only the abaxial side, show a flattened morphology. This implicates a unique mechanism that allows leaf flattening independent of adaxial–abaxial identity. In this study, we report a role for auxin in outgrowth of unifacial leaves. In two closely related unifacial-leaved species of Juncaceae, Juncus prismatocarpus with flattened leaves, and Juncus wallichianus with transversally radialized leaves, the auxin-responsive gene GLYCOSIDE HYDROLASE3 displayed spatially different expression patterns within leaf primordia. Treatment of J. prismatocarpus seedlings with exogenous auxin or auxin transport inhibitors, which disturb endogenous auxin distribution, eliminated leaf flatness, resulting in a transversally radialized morphology. These treatments did not affect the radialized morphology of leaves of J. wallichianus. Moreover, elimination of leaf flatness by these treatments accompanied dysregulated expression of genetic factors needed to specify the leaf central-marginal polarity in J. prismatocarpus. The findings imply that lamina outgrowth of unifacial leaves relies on proper placement of auxin, which might induce initial leaf flattening and subsequently act to specify leaf polarity, promoting further flattening growth of leaves.
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3

Verdam, Maria Christina S., Débora T. Ohana, Maria Gracimar P. Araújo, Fernanda Guilhon-Simplicio, Maria Sílvia de Mendonça, and Maria M. Pereira. "Morphology and anatomy of Justicia acuminatissima leaves." Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 22, no. 6 (December 2012): 1212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-695x2012005000129.

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4

Tang, M. S., Y. P. Yang, and C. R. Sheue. "Comparative morphology on leaves of Daphniphyllum (Daphniphyllaceae)." Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants 54, no. 1 (October 30, 2009): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651909x474104.

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5

Jeong, SoHyeon, Si-Hyung Park, and Chang-Hun Kim. "Simulation of Morphology Changes in Drying Leaves." Computer Graphics Forum 32, no. 1 (January 21, 2013): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12009.

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6

Gokmen, Sabri. "Metamorphic Leaves." Leonardo 53, no. 5 (October 2020): 522–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01741.

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This article introduces an algorithm influenced by Goethe's concept of metamorphosis capable of generating a wide range of parametric leaf forms. Metamorphosis is defined as alternating stages of expansion and contraction that are observable during the development of flowering plants. This principle is extended toward leaf morphology, where two main developmental trajectories are outlined. By formulating simple two-dimensional geometric rules, the author tests the concept of metamorphosis on parametric leaf forms.
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7

Liu, Guangzhou, Yunshan Yang, Wanmao Liu, Xiaoxia Guo, Jun Xue, Ruizhi Xie, Bo Ming, Keru Wang, Peng Hou, and Shaokun Li. "Leaf Removal Affects Maize Morphology and Grain Yield." Agronomy 10, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020269.

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Increasing planting density is an important practice associated with increases in maize yield, but densely planted maize can suffer from poor light conditions. In our two-year field experiments, two morphologically different cultivars, ZD958 (less compact) and DH618 (more compact), were planted at 120,000 plants ha−1 and 135,000 plants ha−1, respectively. We established different leaf area index (LAI) treatments by removing leaves three days after silking: (1) control, no leaves removed (D0); (2) the two uppermost leaves removed (D1); (3) the four uppermost leaves removed (D2); (4) the leaves below the third leaf below the ear removed (D3); (5) the leaves of D1 and D3 removed (D4); (6) the leaves of D2 and D3 removed (D5). Optimal leaf removal improved light distribution, increased photosynthetic capacity and the post-silking source-sink ratio, and thus the grain yield, with an average LAI of 5.9 (5.6 and 6.2 for ZD958 and DH618, respectively) for the highest yields in each year. Therefore, less-compact cultivars should have smaller or fewer topmost leaves or leaves below the ear that quickly senesce post-silking, so as to decrease leaf area and thus improve light distribution and photosynthetic capacity in the canopy under dense planting conditions. However, for more compact cultivars, leaves below the ear should senesce quickly after silking to reduce leaf respiration and improve the photosynthetic capacity of the remaining top residual leaves. In future maize cultivation, compact cultivars with optimal post-silking LAI should be adopted when planting densely.
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8

Somda, Zana C., and Stanley J. Kays. "Sweet Potato Canopy Morphology: Leaf Distribution." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 115, no. 1 (January 1990): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.115.1.39.

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Changes in leaf distribution of the sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] cultivar Jewel were assessed bi-weekly for 18 weeks at three plant densities (15, 30, and 45 cm × 96-cm spacing). The distribution of leaves on the branches and the timing at which leaf number stabilized were affected by the plant density. Plant density resulted in significant differences in the number of leaves and percentage of missing leaves during the growing season. Leaf number and total leaf area varied substantially in response to plant density, but individual lamina and petiole lengths and leaf area did not vary. Average petiole and leaf lengths and leaf size increased during the season, with the maximum length and area dependent on the type of branch on which the leaf was formed. Average petiole length per branch and the susceptibility to leaf loss increased with descending branch hierarchy (secondary branch < primary branch < main stem). Leaf losses after the 4th week tended to parallel a progressive increase in petiole length of new leaves, suggesting shading as a primary cause of leaf shedding and the loss of the oldest leaves first.
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9

Nurminskaya, Yu V., F. S. Malkov, and S. V. Bakhvalov. "AUTOMATION STUDIES THE MORPHOLOGY OF LEAVES OF PLANTS." PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 7, no. 1 (March 2017): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2017-7-1-57-62.

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10

Shi, Ke, Zhengqi Wei, Weixing Zhang, and Chunxia He. "The effect of hot water treatment on the properties of lotus leaves, reed leaves, and basho leaves combined with gelatin composites." BioResources 16, no. 1 (December 10, 2020): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.1.805-815.

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This study investigated the feasibility of preparing biodegradable composites, such as food packing materials, from plant leaves as a substitute plastic. Lotus leaves, reed leaves, and basho leaves were treated with hot water and combined with gelatin to form composite samples. The effects on the morphology, thermal properties of leaves, and the mechanical properties and moisture absorption of the composites were studied. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that the amorphous components such as lignin, wax, and pectin were removed after the hot water treatment. The treatment had the most beneficial effect on the reed leaf. The reed/gelatin composites had the best mechanical properties, of which the tensile strength and the flexural strength were 14.0% and 77.1%, respectively, higher than that of the lotus/gelatin composites and 121.5% and 192.5%, respectively, higher than that of the basho/gelatin composites. The morphology of the cross-section of the composites showed that there were numerous holes and gaps in the basho/gelatin composites which induced a high moisture absorption performance.
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11

Meeker, James R., and Richard A. Goyer. "Relationships Between Patterns of Defoliation by the Fruittree Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Foliage Morphology of Baldcypress in Forested Wetlands of Louisiana." Journal of Entomological Science 28, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-28.4.317.

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Baldcypress, Taxodium distichum (L.) Richard, has been threatened recently by a new insect herbivore, the fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Baldcypress foliage varies from long-leaved, open-faced branchlets with leaves arranged in two-ranked fashion to short-leaved, appressed, imbricate branchlets. Field surveys revealed that the tallest trees contained 72 – 85% appressed foliage, whereas intermediate and small-sized trees contained 55–92% open type foliage. Over a three-year period, open morphology trees repeatedly exhibited significantly higher levels of defoliation (percentage of crown loss) by the fruittree leafroller, compared with appressed morphology trees. There was no ovipositional preference (number of egg masses) associated with morphology type. Differences in defoliation levels, therefore, were attributed to morphologically related influences on foliage suitability for larval stages.
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12

Wilder, George J. "Morphology of Dianthoveus cremnophilus (Cyclanthaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 2450–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-315.

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Dianthoveus cremnophilus exhibits terminal inflorescences and rhizomes composed of renewal shoots. A rhizome bears two kinds of vegetative buds directly, viz. renewal buds that form renewal shoots and nonrenewal buds that may develop into new rhizomes. Adult leaves consist of sheath, petiole, transition zone, and a bifid lamina that varies from unicostate to subtricostate. The inflorescence axis consists of peduncle and spadix and bears two kinds of spathes, conspicuous and inconspicuous. Seeds exhibit four outer cell layers and become split periclinally throughout the third layer, as well as longitudinally down to this layer, along one edge. Tissue outside the region of splitting may be abscinded; wall ingrowths of the ruptured third layer adhere to, and appear outermost on, the remaining portion of seed, where they directly contact the environment. Seedlings exhibit a primary root, very short hypocotyl, cotyledon, and epicotyl with plumular leaves. Shoots manifest substantial mirror-image symmetry.
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13

Baysinger, J. A., H. A. Melouk, and D. S. Murray. "Alterations of Leaf Epicuticular Wax of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) by Applications of Herbicides and Adjuvants1." Peanut Science 27, no. 2 (July 1, 2000): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-27-2-10.

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Abstract Leaf surface morphology of untreated peanut leaves and peanut leaves treated with herbicides and adjuvants were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Electron micrographs revealed that the adaxial surface of untreated peanut leaves was covered with crystalline wax platelets above an amorphous layer of wax. Electron micrographs revealed that peanut leaves treated with acifluorfen plus nonionic surfactant, bentazon and lactofen with crop oil concentrate, and 2,4-DB, altered the leaf surface morphology when compared to nontreated peanut leaves. Alterations in the leaf epicuticular wax structures appeared amorphous-like rather than normal plate-like structures. Nonionic surfactant and crop oil concentrate applied alone to peanut leaves altered the epicuticular wax structures similarly to that of herbicides plus adjuvants.
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14

Sriyanti, Ida, Muhammad Rama Almafie, Yuda Prasetya Nugraha, Meutia Kamilatun Nuha Ap Idjan, and Jaidan Jauhari. "The morphology of polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers containing Anredera cordifolia leaves." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika Al-Biruni 10, no. 2 (October 14, 2021): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v10i2.8820.

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The electrospinning method has been used successfully to make polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofiber containing Anredera cordifolia leaves (BLE). The research methods used were qualitative and pure experiment method. Polyvinilpirolidone nanofibers containing BLE were prepared with three mass variations of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (% w/w), namely 12%, 10%, and 8% w/w, respectively. The results of the macroscopic photo show that the fiber structure looks white for PVP nanofibers and yellow for PVP/BLE nanofibers. The fiber morphology was analyzed using SEM and the results showed that PVP and all PVP/BLE nanofibers were like a continuous strand of crossbars with a diameter of 590 – 1190 nm. The decrease in the concentration of the PVP polymer led to a reduction in the diameter of the resulting nanofibers. The coefficients of variance (ε), of the PVP, BLE1, BLE2, and BLE3 nanofibers were 0.06, 0.09, 0.11, and 1.22, respectively. The physicochemical structure of the nanofibers was evaluated using XRD and FTIR. The chemical analysis (FTIR) showed that there was a molecular interaction between Anredera cordifolia leaves extract and polyvinylpyrrolidone in the form of hydrogen bonds. The physics analysis (XRD) shows the effect of the electrospinning process, which is to change the structure of BLE crystals to semi crystals. The application of PVP/BLE nanofiber for wounds dressing
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15

Aveling, Theresa A. S., Heidi G. Snyman, and F. H. J. Rijkenberg. "Morphology of infection of onion leaves by Alternaria porri." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-142.

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Conidial germination of Alternaria porri, formation of prepenetration structures, penetration of the onion leaf surface, and the postpenetration processes were studied using light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Ninety-six percent of conidia germinated at 25 °C within 24 h of inoculation. Each conidium formed several germ tubes that grew in any direction across the leaf surface. Each germ tube usually terminated in a bulbous appressorium formed directly on the epidermal cell (52.4% of appressoria) or on a stoma (48.6% of appressoria). Following direct penetration of the outer epidermal cell wall or the stoma, bulbous primary hyphae developed below the appressoria. Secondary hyphae developed from the primary hyphae within 48 h after inoculation and grew within the intercellular spaces penetrating mesophyll cells. The changes in ultrastructure of cells in close proximity to hyphae and of infected cells are described. Key words: Allium cepa, electron microscopy, infection process, purple blotch.
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16

Falloon, Richard E., Paul W. Sutherland, and Ian C. Hallett. "Morphology of Erysiphe pisi on leaves of Pisum sativum." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 11 (November 1, 1989): 3410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-415.

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Morphological details of conidium germination, hyphae, appressoria, conidiophores, and organisation within colonies of Erysiphe pisi on leaves of Pisum sativum were studied in frozen, hydrated specimens with a scanning electron microscope. The pathogen has several adaptations to enable efficient colonisation of host leaf surfaces, including production of several hyphae from each germinated conidium, unidirectional growth of individual hyphae, prolific hyphal branching at obtuse angles to lines of hyphal growth, and rapid and prolific development of appressoria and conidiophores. Hyphal cells on leaf surfaces are specialised to produce either appressoria or conidiophores and hyphal branches.
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17

Kang, Hosung, Philip M. Graybill, Sara Fleetwood, Jonathan B. Boreyko, and Sunghwan Jung. "Seasonal changes in morphology govern wettability of Katsura leaves." PLOS ONE 13, no. 9 (September 27, 2018): e0202900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202900.

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18

Groom, PK, BB Lamont, and L. Kupsky. "Contrasting Morphology and Ecophysiology of Cooccurring Broad and Terete Leaves in Hakea trifurcata (Proteaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 3 (1994): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940307.

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We studied the morphology, anatomy, phyllotaxy and daily seasonal ecophysiology of the two leaf types (broad and terete) of Hakea trifurcata (Smith) R.Br., a widespread shrub in south-western Australia. Both leaf types may be present on the same branchlet, with one or two broad leaves forming first during the annual growth period (late winter) followed by many terete leaves in spring. Terete leaves were more xeromorphic than broad leaves, including greater thickness, denser tissues and fewer veins. Broad leaves fixed more carbon and transpired more water per unit mass than terete leaves, in a well ventilated leaf chamber, and had lower (more negative) xylem pressure potentials. Broad leaf temperatures only exceeded those of terete leaves under hot, dry conditions, with no relationship between transpiration rates and leaf temperature. Terete leaves possessed many structural and physiological characteristics commonly associated with drought-tolerant leaves, whereas broad leaves were characteristic of leaves which keep their stomates open during periods of water and heat stress. Both leaf types appear to increase the fitness of this species in a mediterranean climate, with broad leaves having the potential to supply extra photosynthates and nutrients to the new season's growth.
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19

Killedar, Suresh G., Harinath N. More, and Sameer J. Nadaf. "Microscopic Evaluation of Leaves ofMemecylon umbellatumBurm." Advances in Agriculture 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/104849.

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Objective. Aim of present work is to perform the microscopic evaluation and physicochemical analysis and to explore the morphology parameters ofMemecylon umbellatumBurm leaves.Methods. Fresh, dried and desiccated powdered leaf samples were studied for their morphology, microscopy, organoleptic characters, and an assortment of other WHO recommended methods for standardisation.Results. The microscopy revealed the dorsiventral nature of the leaf. Midrib showed presence of nonlignified phloem, lignified xylem with well-defined xylem fibers, vessels, and parenchyma. Presence of Phloecentric vascular bundles surrounded by endodermis and crystal sheath. Well-defined patches of collenchyma were observed above and below the vascular bundles in the midrib area. Trichomes are mostly absent and stomata (anomocytic) were observed on both epidermal surfaces.Conclusions. It can be concluded that the microscopic analysis and pharmacognostic parameters can serve as tool for developing standards for proper authentication, quality, and purity ofMemecylon umbellatumBurm leaves.
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20

OROZCO, CLARA INÉS, ÁLVARO J. PÉREZ, KATYA ROMOLEROUX, ANDRÉS FELIPE BOHÓRQUEZ-OSORIO, and JOSÉ MURILLO ALDANA. "Three new species of the Andean genus Brunellia (Brunelliaceae) from Colombia and Ecuador." Phytotaxa 433, no. 1 (February 13, 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.433.1.4.

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Three new species of Brunellia are described; their morphology and affinities with other species and their conservation status are discussed. Two of them are endemic to Colombia: Brunellia alnifolia, characterized by three simple and verticellate leaves per node and boat–shaped endocarps, and Brunellia gracilis, with pinnate leaves and urceolate endocarps. The third species, Brunellia hippocrepiformis, is endemic to Ecuador. On account of the morphology of leaves, stipules and follicles, it differs from all other Brunellia species.
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21

Singh, Ajai, and Shalini Singh. "A morpho-taxonomic observation on seedlings of Parthenium hysterophorus L.- A well-known exotic weed." Indian Journal of Forestry 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-yld35w.

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Present communication deals with seedling morphology and taxonomy of Parthenium hysterophorus L., a well-known exotic weed from Varanasi region, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seedling morphology is observed for 44 days up to 5th true leaf stage. Seedling morphology showed that seed germination is epigeal, the seedlings are macranga type and phanerocotylar. The seed leaves are isocotylar, opposite and persist up to 6th true leaf stage, obovate, entire, green, smooth with less distinct veins. The first true leaf was ovate, entire, dark green, hairy, veination unicostate reticulate. Subsequent leaves were same as first true leaf, but margin denate at 2nd or 3rd true leaf stage. Fourth or 5th true leaves were peltate with lyrate margin and oblique base.
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22

Wirdayanti, K. A. Dwiwijaya, Suriani, D. R. Rochmawati, and F. S. Putri. "Identification of Herbal Plants Using Morphology Method and K-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm (KNN)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1157, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1157/1/012041.

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Abstract The large number of herbal plants and the lack of public knowledge about the types of herbal medicines make it difficult for people to distinguish the types of herbal medicinal plants. So, to provide information for public, an identification system that could identify and recognize a herbal medicinal plant is needed. Leaves identificiation is based on the Morphological method with K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Leafs data that will be used in this study is Basil Leaves, Orthosiphon leaves, Painted Nettle leaves, Betel leaves, and Teak leaves which are categorized as flowering plants from the Lamiaceae or Labiatae family for the classification process. Image processing techniques will be used to obtain the pattern of the shape and characteristics of each leaf which is known as the recognition of leaf morphological features. This study using 200 leaves data and separated into 2 types, with 70% basic data and 30% test data. With Morphological Feature Extraction using area and parameters as well the compactness and metric features of the leaves. The accuracy of the classification results using the confusion matrix testing method with K3 values obtained by 80%, K5 and K7 values obtained accuracy of 76.67% and K9 values showing accuracy of 78, 67%.
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23

Fraser, Joanna. "Seasonal yield changes in white clover varieties and ecotypes in Nova Scotia." Journal of Agricultural Science 110, no. 3 (June 1988): 609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600082204.

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SummaryTwo ecotypes and three varieties of white clover (Trifolium repens) of contrasting morphology were established in monoculture field plots in Truro, Nova Scotia (45° N) in July 1985. Destructive measurements were taken at monthly intervals from August to November 1985 and April to August 1986. The seasonal distribution of number of active stolons/m2, number of leaves, number of leaves per stolon, and lamina weight together with dry weights of leaves-I-petioles, stolons and flowers + peduncles were recorded. Number of leaves was inversely proportional to leaf weight, smaller-leaved varieties and ecotypes having higher leaf densities than large-leaved white clovers. Leaf and petiole dry-matter yields were related to leaf and number of active stolons in 1985 and to leaf weight increments in 1986. The two naturalized ecotypes exhibited considerably less leaf loss than the three varieties in a winter where mean minimum air temperatures drop to as low as – 13°C. There were considerable differences between ecotypes and between varieties in the seasonal distribution of leaves and petioles, stolon and flower dry weights over the limited time period of this study.
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24

Kalinganire, A., K. Pinyopusarerk, and E. R. Williams. "Geographic variation in seedling morphology of Chukrasia species." Australian Journal of Botany 50, no. 3 (2002): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt01072.

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Seed collected from 23 native provenances of Chukrasia A.Juss. and one Australian land race was used to study geographic variation in seedling morphology under temperature-controlled glasshouse conditions. Twenty-four variates were measured for each seedling and the resultant data subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. The multivariate analyses effectively separated the Chukrasia genus into three different groups or eco-geographical clusters. The most important characteristics that separated the groups were bark structure, leaf type and midrib colour. The first group, provenances from China, Laos, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Australian land race, is characterised by smooth bark, pinnate or intermediate leaves and reddish-green to greenish-red midrib. The second group, provenances from Myanmar and Thailand, is characterised by rough bark, mainly bipinnate leaves and green midrib. The third group, provenances from Sri Lanka, is characterised by rough bark, bipinnate leaves and red midrib. The study clearly shows Chukrasia to be a polymorphic species comprising at least three ecotypes or possibly three ecospecies. A study of allozyme variation may better reveal the systematics within the genus.
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25

Wilder, George J. "Morphology and symmetry of the vegetative parts of Smilax auriculata (Smilacaceae)." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 14, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v14.i1.899.

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Smilax auriculata produces a subterranean rhizome system and an aerial vegetative branching system. Three intergrading types of stems (types 1, 2, and 3) compose the aerial branching system; these types are identified primarily according to prickle concentration, but also differ from one another in additional ways. Type-3 stems are determinate and either proleptic or precocious. Between growing seasons a foliage leaf of a type-3 stem may subtend either a solitary vegetative bud (or an expanded vegetative branch) or an inflorescence superposed over a vegetative bud (or expanded vegetative branch). Occasionally, an inflorescence terminates a type-3 stem. Whereas, rhizomes exhibit solely scale leaves, the aerial vegetative branching system manifests scale leaves, transitional leaves, and foliage leaves. On many type-3 stems the foliage leaves become oriented skyward, by bending of their leaf sheaths and petioles. The aerial vegetative branching system manifests bilateral symmetry and mirror-image symmetry. The inflorescence is a pedunculate umbel. The peduncle culminates in a torus which bears a peripheral whorl of bracts, centripetally situated bracteoles, and pedicellate flowers. Type-1 stems exhibit numerous prickles, which vary from unbranched to branched and from solitary to basally connate in rows.
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26

Boyne, Richard L., Susan P. Harvey, Kunjithapatham Dhileepan, and Tanya Scharaschkin. "Variation in leaf morphology of the invasive cat's claw creeper Dolichandra unguis-cati (Bignoniaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 61, no. 6 (2013): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt13063.

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The invasive liana cat’s claw creeper Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G. Lohmann (syn. Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A.H. Gentry) exhibits intraspecific variation in leaf morphology, but this is rarely noted in the published literature. The present study documents variation in leaf morphology in two forms of the species that occur in Australia (long pod and short pod). Leaf morphology is compared between the two forms and the position of the shoots (trunk and ground) at the only two sites in which they co-occur. Leaves were categorised on the basis of leaflet number and the presence or absence of tendrils. Simple leaves were produced mainly on shoots growing along the ground and were more abundant in the short-pod form. Long-pod plants were dominated by bifoliate leaves with tendrils. Cat’s claw creeper exhibits considerably wider variation in leaf morphology than recorded previously. Variations in leaf morphology may be linked to differences in the genotype, developmental stage and plastic responses of the plants. Understanding these variations may have implications for taxonomic delimitation and improved management, particularly biological control involving leaf-feeding insects.
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Sibley, Jeff, D. Joseph Eakes, Charles Gilliam, Gary Keever, William Dozier, and Curt Peterson. "Anatomy and Morphology of Select Red Maple Cultivars." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 21, no. 3 (May 1, 1995): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1995.023.

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This study was conducted to compare and define foliage features of select red maple and red maple hybrid cultivars under similar environmental conditions. Nine red maple (Acerrubrum) cultivars, three Freeman maple (Acer xfreemanii) cultivars, and a red maple seedling selection were evaluated in a field study for differences in average leaf area, petiole length, stomatal density, foliar nitrogen (N) content, and chlorophyll content. Leaves of the three A. x freemanii cultivars were the largest. Leaves of A. rubrum 'Autumn Flame' were the smallest. 'Autumn Blaze' had the highest stomatal density. Leaf photographs of each cultivar are included.
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Martin, Chris A., William P. Sharp, John M. Ruter, and Richard L. Garcia. "Alterations in Leaf Morphology of Two Landscape Shrubs in Response to Disparate Climate and Paclobutrazol." HortScience 29, no. 11 (November 1994): 1321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.11.1321.

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Paclobutrazol at 0 and 750 μl·liter–1 was sprayed on shoots of Feijoa sellowiana O. Berg. and Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. grown under similar production regimes in central Arizona (subtropical desert) and southern Georgia (humid temperate). Five months after application, Feijoa and Ligustrum leaves were generally smaller and thicker in Arizona than in Georgia. Arizona leaves were thicker than those in Georgia because of more layers of palisade and spongy mesophyll cells. Compared with leaves from control plants, paclobutrazol 1) increased Feijoa leaf area in Georgia, 2) decreased Ligustrum leaf area at both locations by ≈50%, and 3) decreased leaf thickness of both species in Arizona. Arizona Feijoa leaves had trichomes on adaxial and abaxial surfaces, whereas Georgia Feijoa leaves had trichomes on abaxial surfaces only. Paclobutrazol increased trichome frequency on adaxial surfaces of Arizona Feijoa leaves. Stomatal frequency of Georgia Feijoa leaves was about doubled by paclobutrazol. Reflectance of near-infrared radiation by paclobutrazol-treated Feijoa leaves was 1.4 times higher than that of nontreated leaves in Georgia and 1.9 times in Arizona. Near-infrared reflectance by Georgia Ligustrum leaves was 1.3 times higher than by Arizona Ligustrum leaves and was not affected by paclobutrazol. Leaf reflectance of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by Arizona Feijoa was higher than by Georgia Feijoa. Paclobutrazol increased PAR reflectance by Arizona Feijoa leaves. In contrast, Georgia Feijoa PAR reflectance was decreased by paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol or location did not affect Ligustrum PAR reflectance. Chemical name used: (2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol (paclobutrazol).
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Shiba, Masayuki, Tomoki Tate, and Tatsuya Fukuda. "Adaptative Leaf Morphology of Eurya japonica Thunb. (Ternstroemiaceae) in Serpentine Areas." Journal of Plant Studies 11, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jps.v11n1p10.

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Serpentine soils are known to affect plant growth and plants in these soils have morphological and anatomical modifications. Comparative leaf morphology and anatomy studies of Eurya japonica Thunb. was conducted between serpentine and inland (control) areas. Our morphological analyses revealed that the individuals in the serpentine areas had significantly smaller and thicker leaves than those in the inland areas. Our anatomical analyses showed that the smaller leaves of serpentines had decreased numbers of cells, and their thicker leaves contributed to the increased height of epidermal cells, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue. Furthermore, the stomatal size of serpentines was significantly smaller than those from the inland areas. We concluded that E. japonica adapted to the serpentine areas by decreasing leaf size due to low levels of nutrients, by thickening the leaves to store water and reducing the stomatal size to minimize water loss via gas exchange.
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Adamidis, George C., Georgios Varsamis, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos, and Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou. "Patterns of Leaf Morphological Traits of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) along an Altitudinal Gradient." Forests 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2021): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12101297.

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Broadleaved tree species in mountainous populations usually demonstrate high levels of diversity in leaf morphology among individuals, as a response to a variety of environmental conditions associated with changes in altitude. We investigated the parameters shaping leaf morphological diversity in 80 beech individuals (Fagus sylvatica L.), in light and shade leaves, growing along an elevational gradient and under different habitat types on Mt. Paggeo in northeastern Greece. A clear altitudinal pattern was observed in the morphological leaf traits expressing lamina size and shape; with increasing altitude, trees had leaves with smaller laminas, less elongated outlines, and fewer pairs of secondary veins. However, this altitudinal trend in leaf morphology was varied in different habitat types. Furthermore, the shade leaves and light leaves showed differences in their altitudinal trend. Traits expressing lamina shape in shade leaves were more related to altitude, while leaf size appeared to be more influenced by habitat type. While the altitudinal trend in leaf morphology has been well documented for numerous broadleaved tree species, in a small spatial scale, different patterns emerged across different habitat types. This morphological variability among trees growing in a mountainous population indicates a high potential for adaptation to environmental extremes.
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Zhao, Zilong, Weixi Huang, Bingwei Li, Kexing Chen, Kuifu Chen, Hongping Zhao, and Xiqiao Feng. "Synergistic Effects of Chiral Morphology and Reconfiguration in Cattail Leaves." Journal of Bionic Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 2015): 634–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1672-6529(14)60153-0.

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32

Reidel, Edwin J., Lailiang Cheng, and Robert Turgeon. "(126) Morphology and Physiology of Sugar Transport in Apple Leaves." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1061E—1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1061e.

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Sorbitol is the predominant phloem-translocated carbohydrate in apple. The pathway—either apoplastic or symplastic—of sugar transport from photosynthetic cells to the phloem is not established. Furthermore, the presence of absence of phloem loading has not been tested. This study characterized the morphology and physiology of sugar movement to the phloem in apple leaves. An electron micrographic survey of apple leaf minor vein morphology was performed. Plasmodesmata were abundant and found at the interfaces of each cell type from mesophyll to sieve elements, indicating a symplastic sugar pathway. We also tested for a phloem loading mechanism. First, 14C-labeled sorbitol and sucrose were introduced exogenously to leaf discs to determine if they are loaded into veins from the apoplast. Although leaf discs floated on a solution containing either sugar actively accumulated label, the labeling pattern was diffuse, with no accumulation in minor veins. The addition of the sulfhydryl reagent PCMBS to the leaf disc assay inhibited sugar uptake. We also attempted plasmolysis of apple leaf sections to measure the solute concentration difference between photosynthetic mesophyll cells and cells of the minor vein phloem. Apple leaf pieces fixed in a solution containing 1.5 mol/kg osmoticum did not plasmolyze. We conclude that although active uptake of both sorbitol and sucrose takes place in apple leaves, apoplastic phloem-loading is absent. Considering the high sugar concentration and the symplastic connectivity among leaf cell types, we propose that sugars are instead enter the phloem after moving down—rather than against—a concentration gradient.
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Kang, Hosung, Philip M. Graybill, Sara Fleetwood, Jonathan B. Boreyko, and Sunghwan Jung. "Correction: Seasonal changes in morphology govern wettability of Katsura leaves." PLOS ONE 13, no. 11 (November 8, 2018): e0207425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207425.

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34

Ameram, Nadiah, Muhammad Afiq Che Agoh, Wan Farhana W. Idris, and Arlina Ali. "Chemical characterization of bamboo leaves (Gigantochloa albociliata and Dracaena surculosa) by sodium hydroxide treatment." F1000Research 7 (July 9, 2018): 1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15036.1.

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Background: Dracaena surculosa and Gigantochloa albociliata leaves are different in morphology and appearance. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is widely used in pulping of wood for making paper or regenerated fibers. NaOH is used to separate lignin from cellulose fibers, and this treatment is needed to identify the characteristics of leaves. This study was conducted in order to investigate the characteristics of D. surculosa and G.albociliata species under NaOH treatment. Methods: NaOH was applied to the leaves for 8 hours. Treated and untreated bamboo leaves were analysed using FTIR analysis, in order to identify the presence of functional groups in the leaves. Results: It was observed that these two species not only differ physically, but also chemically. The presence of OH, CH and alkynes functional groups in the leaf sample indicates that the species share similar properties but have a slight difference in the molecular bonds. From the morphological observation of D. surculosa and G. albociliata leaves, they are slightly different in terms of leaf appearance and characteristics. G. albociliata have thicker leaves compared to D. surculosa, and NaOH treatment shows that D. surculosa leaves are harder to dissolve into the solvent. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of these two species shows the initial structure of fibres in the leaves are intact but after NaOH treatment, the fibres are ruptured and appear in non-uniform shapes. Conclusions: The initial morphology of G. albociliata and D.surculosa is different in color and appearance. However after NaOH treatment, the color becomes almost the same. Regarding SEM analysis, after NaOH treatment the morphology of the bamboo leaves completely changes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the process of hemicellulose removal had occurred during treatment. The results show that lignin has been removed by NaOH treatment to enhance the characteristics of the bamboo leaves from different species.
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35

Wirthensohn, MG, and M. Sedgley. "Epicuticular Wax Structure and Regeneration on Developing Juvenile Eucalyptus Leaves." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 6 (1996): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960691.

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Eighteen species of Eucalyptus L'Hér. were studied for changes in wax morphology of juvenile foliage with leaf age using environmental scanning electron microscopy. Three species were studied for wax regeneration following removal from the adaxial surface of day 16 and day 30 leaves (16 and 30 days following lamina separation, respectively) while still attached to the tree. For each leaf age, four leaves per species were sampled at 0, 1, 3, 9 and 15 days after wax removal. All species had tube wax on juvenile leaves but there were differences between the species, in the length and conformation of tubes and percentage surface area covered by wax. Tube length was greatest in day 30 leaves, but tube diameter was narrower than day 0 leaves (unfolding leaves). There were significant differences in wax structure between the proximal and distal ends of day 0 leaves of 10 species, and tubes were observed crystallising from amorphous wax deposits in the proximal area only. Significant wax regeneration occurred more rapidly on day 16 leaves than day 30 leaves. Wax morphology was consistent across six species of the series Viminales. Thirteen species of Eucalyptus are recommended for the cut foliage industry.
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36

Chambelland, Jean-Christophe, Mathieu Dassot, Boris Adam, Nicolas Donès, Philippe Balandier, André Marquier, Marc Saudreau, Gabriela Sonohat, and Hervé Sinoquet. "A double-digitising method for building 3D virtual trees with non-planar leaves: application to the morphology and light-capture properties of young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica)." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 10 (2008): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08051.

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We developed a double-digitising method combining a hand-held electromagnetic digitizer and a non-contact 3D laser scanner. The former was used to record the positions of all leaves in a tree and the orientation angles of their lamina. The latter served to obtain the morphology of the leaves sampled in the tree. As the scanner outputs a cloud of points, software was developed to reconstruct non-planar (NP) leaves composed of triangles, and to compute numerical shape parameters: midrib curvature, torsion and transversal curvature of the lamina. The combination of both methods allowed construction of 3D virtual trees with NP leaves. The method was applied to young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from different sunlight environments (from 1 to 100% incident light) in a forest in central France. Leaf morphology responded to light availability, with a more bent shape in well-lit leaves. Light interception at the leaf scale by NP leaves decreased from 4 to 10% for shaded and sunlit leaves compared with planar leaves. At the tree scale, light interception by trees made of NP leaves decreased by 1 to 3% for 100% to 1% light, respectively.
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Ding, De Hong, Kui Fang, Yi Neng Chen, and Song Jing. "Visual Modeling and Simulation of Plant Leaves." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.537.

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Based on the original image of plants leaves, the edge detection method will be used to extract the geometrical morphology of leaves. The characteristic points of the contour can be calculated by Harris method. The contours of plant leaves is constructed by the quadratic B-spline interpolating curve, the leaf vein is generated by L system. The simulation of plant leaves is realized in OpenGL.
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Grabias, Barbara, Lucjan Świątek, and Jacek Świętosławski. "The morphology of hairs in Verbascwn L. species." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 60, no. 3-4 (2014): 191–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1991.016.

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The hairs on the flowers and perifloral leaves of 25 representatives of the genus <i>Verbascum</i> L. were examined. Thirteen morphological types of hairs were identified. The calyx and perifloral leaves possess the most morphologically diversified hairs while the stamens usually " have only one type of hairs. Clavate and headed hairs are typical of the studied species. It has been found that the structure of hairs can serve to distinguish taxa of various ranks among the genus <i>Verbascum</i>. The structure of the hairs of <i>V. roripifolium</i> and <i>V. capitis-viridis</i> suggests that both of these species be set apart from the genus <i>Verbascum</i>.
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39

Koyama, Tomotsugu. "Regulatory Mechanisms of Transcription Factors in Plant Morphology and Function." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 8 (April 11, 2023): 7039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087039.

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40

PRATAMA, SN, SUDARSONO, SW ARDIE, and D. SUKMA. "IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CASSAVA MUTANT GENOTYPES WITH HIGH LEAF MINERAL CONTENT AT THE MV10 GENERATION." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 55, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 836–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2023.55.3.19.

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Cassava leaves’ consumption as vegetables are common in several Asian countries. They contain various nutrients, such as, anthocyanins, carotene, minerals, and vitamins. New varieties with high mineral contents in leaves need development to increase the leaves’ quality as vegetables. This study aimed to identify and characterize cassava genotypes of the MV10 generation resulting from gammaray- induced mutations based on the leaves' morphology, growth characteristics, and mineral contents, using two cultivars and 10 cassava genotypes. All genotypes planted in a randomized complete block design had three replications. The leaf's morphology and mineral contents underwent scrutiny on the third to fifth leaf below the apical shoot. The mineral content analysis used the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Data analysis comprised the ANOVA test and descriptive analysis. This study revealed petiole length, leaf lobe length, and leaf lobe width were significantly different between genotypes at four months after planting (MAP). However, no meaningful difference showed for the plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves among genotypes. In general, the leaf morphology consisted of purplish green apical leaves with present pubescence; the shape of the central leaflet is lanceolate; the petiole color is reddish to greenish; leaves are dark green with five to seven leaf lobes; leaf veins are reddish-green; smooth lobe margins; and horizontal petiole orientation. The genotypes affect mineral contents, as the genotype with the highest Mg contents was G6-2-15-5-3, and the one with the highest Zn contents was G2D1-422. Fe contents showed more variations between genotypes, and no genotype showed consistently high Fe contents. This research produced promising genotypes for Mg or Zn contents in leaves for future cassava varieties for vegetable production.
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Fu, Jimin, Hua Zhang, Zhenbin Guo, Dan-qing Feng, Vengatesen Thiyagarajan, and Haimin Yao. "Combat biofouling with microscopic ridge-like surface morphology: a bioinspired study." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 140 (March 2018): 20170823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0823.

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Biofouling refers to the unfavourable attachment and accumulation of marine sessile organisms (e.g. barnacles, mussels and tubeworms) on the solid surfaces immerged in ocean. The enormous economic loss caused by biofouling in combination with the severe environmental impacts induced by the current antifouling approaches entails the development of novel antifouling strategies with least environmental impact. Inspired by the superior antifouling performance of the leaves of mangrove tree Sonneratia apetala , here we propose to combat biofouling by using a surface with microscopic ridge-like morphology. Settlement tests with tubeworm larvae on polymeric replicas of S. apetala leaves confirm that the microscopic ridge-like surface morphology can effectively prevent biofouling. A contact mechanics-based model is then established to quantify the dependence of tubeworm settlement on the structural features of the microscopic ridge-like morphology, giving rise to theoretical guidelines to optimize the morphology for better antifouling performance. Under the direction of the obtained guidelines, a synthetic surface with microscopic ridge-like morphology is developed, exhibiting antifouling performance comparable to that of the S. apetala replica. Our results not only reveal the underlying mechanism accounting for the superior antifouling property of the S. apetala leaves, but also provide applicable guidance for the development of synthetic antifouling surfaces.
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McWhorter, Chester G., Rex N. Paul, and William L. Barrentine. "Morphology, Development, and Recrystallization of Epicuticular Waxes of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense)." Weed Science 38, no. 1 (January 1990): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450005606x.

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Johnsongrass leaves were covered with epicuticular wax that varied from 16 to 25 μg/cm2on leaf blades and 56 to 206 μg/cm2on leaf sheaths. At emergence, leaves were covered with a layer of smooth amorphous wax, but crystalline wax (wax plates) began to form on the amorphous wax within 1 or 2 days. This continued until all leaf surfaces were covered with wax plates. At 3 to 4 weeks of age, a smooth layer of coalescence wax was deposited over the wax plates. Formation of coalescence wax continued until nearly all leaf surfaces were covered with a smooth wax layer. Production of wax filaments began when plants were 3 to 4 weeks old and these tubular structures extended 100 to 200 μm above all other wax formations. Deposition of amorphous wax continued after stomata closed in the darkness, sealing over stomata, but the wax layer was broken when stomata opened again in the light. A capillary method was devised that was used to evaporate chloroform containing leaf waxes through 0.1- to 1.2-μm pores in inert filters to recrystallize amorphous wax and wax plates similar to that produced on johnsongrass leaves. Recrystallization of wax from wax filaments dissolved in chloroform produced the same structures of amorphous wax and wax plates as when only wax from leaves with amorphous wax and wax plates was used. Wax washed from leaves also produced wax plates and a variety of crystalline structures on the walls of glass vials after chloroform solutions were evaporated. This result indicated that the morphology of epicuticular waxes is influenced more by their inherent chemical and physical properties than by underlying cells or the cuticular membrane.
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43

Stephens, Elizabeth L., Sonali Saha, and Eric S. Menges. "Intracanopy variation in leaf morphology and physiology in dominant shrubs of Florida’s xeric uplands." Botany 87, no. 1 (January 2009): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b08-117.

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The variation in morphological traits and photosynthetic potentials associated with light conditions in the canopy can determine whole-plant function. However, leaf structure–function relationships are poorly studied in ecosystems experiencing nominal light attenuation. We examined morphological leaf traits (area, specific leaf area, thickness, revoluteness, length–width) and photosynthetic traits estimated from rapid light curves (PARsat, ETRmax, light harvesting efficiency α) in seven shrub species in two xeric upland ecosystems of Florida: rosemary scrub and sandhill. Across species and ecosystem types, shade leaves had greater specific leaf area, were thinner, and less revolute than sun leaves. Surprisingly, shade leaves had smaller areas than sun leaves. Three out of six species showed a tight relationship between morphological and photosynthetic traits. Species common to both sandhill and rosemary scrub ecosystems showed similar photosynthetic traits but greater sclerophylly in the scrub ecosystem. Overall, greater leaf thickness and greater leaf area of upper canopy leaves yielded higher photosynthetic capacities and saturation at higher photon flux densities compared with lower canopy leaves. Our results suggest that variation in leaf morphological traits governed by patterns in light availability have functional significance; however, ecosystem properties such as nutrient availability might also impact light-driven structure-function relationships.
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44

Ivojević, Sead, Ćemal Višnjić, and Faruk Mekić. "VARIABILITY OF CERTAIN MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAVES OF EUROPEAN BEECH (Fagus sylvatica L.) OF FIVE PROVENANCES IN PART OF ITS NATURAL RANGE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 42, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2012.v42.i2.122.

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UDK 582.632.2:581.45(497.6) This paper deals with the morphological variability of beech leaves (Fagus sylvatica L.) of various provenances in part of its natural range in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of the study was to determine whether beech leaves of various provenances in Bosnia and Herzegovina demonstrate morphological variability, and whether the morphology of beech leaves is an inherited characteristic or is influenced by the habitat conditions of a given provenance. Following an examination of the morphological characteristics of the beech leaves of each provenance, both intra-provenance and inter-provenance variability of certain leaf characteristics was identified, among both naturally regenerated specimens and seedlings raised from seed from the same provenance. As regards heredity and morphological leaf characteristics, no correlation was identified between the morphology of leaves of specific provenance and the equivalent nursery-raised seedlings. This suggests that the majority of the morphological parameters of beech leaves are not inherited, and that beech in Bosnia and Herzegovina is a fairly variable and adaptive species.
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45

Liu, Qingting, Yuan Zhou, and Joerg Fettke. "Starch Granule Size and Morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana Starch-Related Mutants Analyzed during Diurnal Rhythm and Development." Molecules 26, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 5859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26195859.

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Transitory starch plays a central role in the life cycle of plants. Many aspects of this important metabolism remain unknown; however, starch granules provide insight into this persistent metabolic process. Therefore, monitoring alterations in starch granules with high temporal resolution provides one significant avenue to improve understanding. Here, a previously established method that combines LCSM and safranin-O staining for in vivo imaging of transitory starch granules in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana was employed to demonstrate, for the first time, the alterations in starch granule size and morphology that occur both throughout the day and during leaf aging. Several starch-related mutants were included, which revealed differences among the generated granules. In ptst2 and sex1-8, the starch granules in old leaves were much larger than those in young leaves; however, the typical flattened discoid morphology was maintained. In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed. With leaf development, the starch granules became spherical exclusively in dpe2/phs1/ss4. Thus, the presented data provide new insights to contribute to the understanding of starch granule morphogenesis.
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46

Taqi, Raza, Hasnain Kazmi Zurriat, Arshad Ullah Muhammad, Kanwal Iqra, Imran Shakeel, Ahmad Rizwan, and Ishtiaq Hyder Syed. "Comparative Effectiveness of Different Growth Media on Growth, Biomass and Morphology Features of Kinnow Mandarin Seedling." Food Processing & Nutritional Science 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46619/fpns.2020.1-1001.

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An experiment was conducted at the University of Agriculture, Sub-campus Burewala Vehari during spring 2018 to investigate the most effective growth media for the growth of kinnow Mandarin seedlings along with highest potential of root, shoots, branches and leaves growth. The growing media is crucial for better plant growth and development. Seeds of Kinnow Mandarin were sown in twelve (12) different composite media (made from different proportions of peat moss, coco coir, compost, baggase, and soil) in CRD with three repeats. Data regarding germination of kinnow seeds and seedling quality parameters (Fresh weight, dry weight, seedling length, root shoot ratio, dry matter contents) were recorded during the experiment. The results proved that the peat moss was the most efficient among all the other growing media for producing the maximum number of leaves, shoot length, root length and seedling length while, compost was found to be a most effective medium for maximum seed germination. The composition in 1:1 of baggase + peat moss was most prominent to produce leaves with larger surface areas. Therefore, peat moss is an effective growth media among other growing media for Kinnow production.
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47

Tekin, Mehmet, and Esra Martin. "Morphology, anatomy and karyology of endangered Turkish endemic Physoptychis haussknechtii Bornm. (Brassicaceae) from Central Anatolia." Acta Botanica Croatica 76, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2016-0045.

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Abstract In this study, the morphology, anatomy, pollen morphology, leaf and seed micromorphology and karyology of the Turkish endangered endemic Physoptychis haussknechtii were investigated in detail for the first time. The species was studied in terms of detailed morphology. Basal leaves are narrowly spatulate and cauline leaves are linear to oblanceolate; both leaves are covered with flattened stalked five-armed trichomes. Raceme length was found to be up to 6 cm and 9 cm in the flowering and fruiting stages, respectively. Sepals are linear-oblong, rarely elliptic with obtuse to subacute apex. Petals are spatulate with emarginate apex. Some morphological characteristics such as dimensions of cauline leaves and ovary and length of pistil were measured for the first time. In an anatomical study, root, stem, basal leaf and cauline leaf were examined. The anatomical results showed that the plants have secondary growth in roots, primary growth in stems, amphistomatic and equifacial basal and cauline leaves with anisocytic stomata. Pollen grains are radial symmetrical, isopolar and tricolpate. The ratio of polar axis to equatorial diameter is 1.16, and pollen shape is subprolate. Exine sculpturing is reticulate under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Seeds are obovatesuborbicular, compressed and pale brown. The chromosome number of P. haussknechtii was defined to be 2n=16. The karyotype formula of P. haussknechtii consists of five metacentric chromosome pairs and three submetacentric chromosome pairs.
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Das, Saubhik. "Leaf and seedling morphology: the two prospective parameters to trace phylogeny in apiaceae subfamily apioideae." Annals of Plant Sciences 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2017): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/aps.2017.6.10.3.

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Determination of phylogenetic affinity among the members of Apiaceae especially the subfamily Apioideae is much debatable. The morphological evidences on inflorescence, fruit and seed characters showed little concomitance with those derived from molecular parameters as far as groupings in clades are concerned. In the present study involving few selected Apiaceae members, a Dendrogram was computed and a putative evolutionary trend was outlined based on leaf margin insertion pattern and cotyledonary leaf features, general plant morphology as well as leaf surface micromorphology by SEM. The members of Apiaceae with broad-ovate pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves and ovate –lanceolate cotyledonary leaves were included in a distinct cluster but the members with pinnatisect – decompounds leaves and linear cotyledonary leaves were included in a separate cluster. Long Coriander (Eryngium foetidum) included in the subfamily Saniculoideae may represent the most primitive condition having simple entire leaf with spiny margin. The member like Long coriander might have served as progenitor stock from which Coriander, Celery, Parsley (all with ovate pinnatifid to pinnatipartite leaves) and Cumin, Fennel, Dill (all having pinnatisect to decompounds leaves with linear segments) might have originated as evidenced by gradual increase in marginal insertion. Similarly, gradual narrowing of ovate-lanceolate cotyledonary leaves might have given rise to narrow linear cotyledonary leaves. Leaf-margin insertion pattern and cotyledonary leaf features appeared to be promising in tracing phylogeny in Apiaceae especially in Apioideae. Simple entire leaf represents the primitive condition and evolution in Apiaceae supposed to have progressed towards gradual increase in marginal insertion leading to pinnately dissected, pinnatipartite and ultimately to decompound leaves with narrow linear segments. Dendrogram computed from morphological features showed concomitance with that phylogenetic trend as far as grouping and interrelationships of members are concerned. In the present study leaf margin insertion pattern and seedling morphology appeared to be instrumental in tracing the phylogeny in Apiaceae specially subfamily Apioideae while molecular systematics are not conclusive.
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49

Costa, Filipe Gomes Cardoso Machado da, Claudia Petean Bove, Rosani do Carmo Oliveira Arruda, and C. Thomas Philbrick. "Silica bodies and their systematic implications at the subfamily level in Podostemaceae." Rodriguésia 62, no. 4 (December 2011): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-78602011000400019.

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Abstract Podostemaceae is a family of eudicotyledonous rheophytes with unique morphology, sometimes resembling algae, lichens or bryophytes. This study evaluates the taxonomic value of silica-body morphology (presence, location, size, shape, ornamentation) in species representing the three subfamilies: Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng. (Tristichoideae), Weddellina squamulosa Tul. (Weddellinoideae) and Diamantina lombardii Novelo, C.T. Philbrick & Irgang (Podostemoideae). T. trifaria and D. lombardii have silica bodies in stems and leaves. In contrast, W. squamulosa exhibits silica bodies only in the scale-like leaves. The morphology of these bodies is unique to each species. The results denote the taxonomic usefulness of silica characteristics and a need for a more complete study of silica bodies throughout the family.
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50

Islam, M. Ashraful. "Morphology, pod yield and nutritional quality of two cultivars of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) in Bangladesh." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 37 (October 10, 2020): 3893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v13i36.1083.

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Background/Objectives: Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is a multi-purpose tree with valuable nutritional density found in the leaves and pods. Both seasonal and year-round cultivars are available and consumed in Bangladesh. This study evaluated the qualitative and quantitative morphological characteristics and nutritional content in leaves and pods of moringa cultivars from two major ecological locations in Bangladesh. Methodology: The selected local varieties used were seasonal production (SP: V1) and year-round production (YP: V2) cultivars from the two ecological regions Chapai Nawabganj (L1) and Pabna (L2). Findings: Flowering and fruiting occurred once per year in seasonal cultivar (SP) and three times per year in year-round cultivar (YP). Flowers are zygomorphic; and tripinnate and pinnately compound leaves in both cultivars. The average yield of pods over two years of production for V1 was 45-62 kg/year/plant and 27-38 kg/plant/year for V2. Leaves contained more than two times higher protein (29-36%) compared to pods (11-15%). Similarly, nutrients including calcium and iron were significantly higher in leaves (2314-3487 ppm and 276-418 ppm, respectively) than pods (2017-2032 ppm and 61-68 ppm, respectively). There were no significant differences in potassium content of both cultivars in both location, but pod contained more than four times higher phosphorus (1.5- 1.7%) than leaves (0.34-0.38%). The highest amounts of magnesium (1768-1861 ppm) and sodium (496-535 ppm) were found in pods. Applications: Cultivar and plant part (e.g leaves) can be considered when promoting and utilizing moringa micronutrient for nutritional security. It demands for policies and development actions for production and intensification of moringa in dry parts of the country. Keywords: Moringa; cultivars; leaves; pods; morphology; nutritional security
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