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Lichszteld, Krzysztof, Zygmunt Machoy, and Anna Stępińska. "Chemiluminescence in the Coupled Oxidation of Lecithin and Ascorbate." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 40, no. 3-4 (April 1, 1985): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1985-3-415.
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Chemiluminescence (CL) that appears during oxidation of lecithin and ascorbate has been studied. A simple system consisting only of purified lecithin, which has one double bond, and ascorbate as a physiological reductant with a low redox potential, was used. The CL spectrum of lecithin contain a strong band lying in the near infrared, and three bands at 20 900 cm-1, 17 700 cm-1 and 15 800 cm-1, being characteristic of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2). The effect of 1O2 quenchers on both autooxidation processes has also been investigated. The obtained results indicate that the main emitter is the 1O2. An addition of ascorbate to the system lecithin plus buffer causes a decrease of CL intensity. That is a result of stronger quenching properties of ascorbate and not due to efficiency of the generation of 1O2.
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Attia, Youssef Abd El-Wahab, Abd El-Hamid El-Syed Abd El-Hamid, Maria Cristina de Oliveira, Sameer Attiyah Nagadi, Kamel Ibrahim Kamel, El-Shohat Mohamed Qota, and Tarek Abd-Allah Sadaka. "Physiological parameters and productive performance of rabbit does and their offsprings with dietary supplementation of soy lecithin." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 53, no. 9 (September 2018): 1078–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2018000900012.
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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a dietary supplementation with soy lecithin (SL) on the productive performance and blood constituents of rabbit females and their offsprings. A total of 40 rabbits does were distributed into four treatments: control group, no dietary SL inclusion; and three groups with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% SL inclusion in the diets. The inclusion of 1.5% SL increased the count of blood cells and hemoglobin concentrations; 0.5-1.0% SL reduced the total cholesterol levels in the blood, as well as the low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the activities of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, but increased the levels of total lipids, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Supplementation with 1.0-1.5% SL resulted in higher milk production and heavier litters. Soy lecithin supplementation at 1% improves the physiological parameters and increases the milk production of rabbit does, also improving the performances of their offsprings.
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Vater, Claudia, Alexandra Apanovic, Christoph Riethmüller, Brigitte Litschauer, Michael Wolzt, Claudia Valenta, and Victoria Klang. "Changes in Skin Barrier Function after Repeated Exposition to Phospholipid-Based Surfactants and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate In Vivo and Corneocyte Surface Analysis by Atomic Force Microscopy." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13040436.
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(1) Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pure lecithins in comparison to a conventional surfactant on skin in vivo. (2) Methods: Physiological skin parameters were evaluated at the beginning and the end of the study (day 1 and day 4) (n = 8, healthy forearm skin) with an Aquaflux®, skin-pH-Meter, Corneometer® and an Epsilon® sensor. Confocal Raman spectroscopy was employed to monitor natural moisturizing factor, urea and water content of the participants’ skin. Tape strips of treated skin sites were taken and the collected corneocytes were subjected to atomic force microscopy. Circular nano objects were counted, and dermal texture indices were determined. (3) Results: Transepidermal water loss was increased, and skin hydration was decreased after treatment with SDS and LPC80. Natural moisturizing factor and urea concentrations within the outermost 10 µm of the stratum corneum were lower than after treatment with S75 or water. Dermal texture indices of skin treated with SDS were higher than skin treated with water (control). (4) Conclusions: Results suggest very good (S75) or good (LPC80) skin-tolerability of lecithin-based surfactants in comparison to SDS and encourage further investigation.
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Subbaiah, Papasani Venkata, Xian-Cheng Jiang, Natalia A. Belikova, Buzulagu Aizezi, Zhi Hua Huang, and Catherine A. Reardon. "Regulation of plasma cholesterol esterification by sphingomyelin: Effect of physiological variations of plasma sphingomyelin on lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids 1821, no. 6 (June 2012): 908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.02.007.
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Rahnama, Mostafa, Mehrdad Bouyeh, Isam Kadim, Alireza Seidavi, Mona M. M. Y. Elghandour, Poonooru Ravi Kanth Reddy, José Cedillo Monroy, and Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem. "Effect of dietary inclusion of lecithin with choline on physiological stress of serum cholesterol fractions and enzymes, abdominal fat, growth performance, and mortality parameters of broiler chickens." Animal Biotechnology 31, no. 6 (June 23, 2019): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2019.1622557.
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Javitt, Norman B. "History of hepatic bile formation: old problems, new approaches." Advances in Physiology Education 38, no. 4 (December 2014): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00076.2014.
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Studies of hepatic bile formation reported in 1958 established that it was an osmotically generated water flow. Intravenous infusion of sodium taurocholate established a high correlation between hepatic bile flow and bile acid excretion. Secretin, a hormone that stimulates bicarbonate secretion, was also found to increase hepatic bile flow. The sources of the water entering the biliary system with these two stimuli were differentiated by the use of mannitol. An increase in its excretion parallels the increase in bile flow in response to bile acids but not secretin, which led to a quantitative distinction between canalicular and ductular water flow. The finding of aquaglyceroporin-9 in the basolateral surface of the hepatocyte accounted for the rapid entry of mannitol into hepatocytes and its exclusion from water movement in the ductules where aquaporin-1 is present. Electron microscopy demonstrated that bile acids generate the formation of vesicles that contain lecithin and cholesterol after their receptor-mediated canalicular transport. Biophysical studies established that the osmotic effect of bile acids varies with their concentration and also with the proportion of mono-, di-, and trihydroxy bile acids and provides a basis for understanding their physiological effects. Because of the varying osmotic effect of bile acids, it is difficult to quantify bile acid independent flow generated by other solutes, such as glutathione, which enters the biliary system. Monohydroxy bile acids, by markedly increasing aggregation number, severely reduce water flow. Developing biomarkers for the noninvasive assessment of normal hepatic bile flow remains an elusive goal that merits further study.
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Lund, Ivar, Najlae El Kertaoui, Marisol S. Izquierdo, David Dominguez, Benni W. Hansen, and Patrick Kestemont. "The importance of phospholipids combined with long-chain PUFA in formulated diets for pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae." British Journal of Nutrition 120, no. 6 (July 30, 2018): 628–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518001794.
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AbstractDietary phosphoglycerides and n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) play important functions in the development of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae. This study aimed to determine optimal dietary levels of soyabean lecithin (SBL)-derived phospholipids (PL) in starter feeds for pikeperch larvae 10–30 d post-hatch (DPH) and examine performance and ontogeny by additional supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFA in the form of Algatrium DHA 70 (glyceride product; 660–700 mg/g DHA; EPA 60–75 mg/g). In total, six isoproteic and isoenergetic extruded diets were formulated with increasing levels of PL (3·7, 8·3 or 14·5 % wet weight (w.w.), respectively); however, three of the diets were supplemented with three levels of Algatrium DHA 70 (0·6, 2·0 or 3·4 %, respectively). Liver proteomic analyses of larvae at 30 DPH were included for effects of PL and primarily DHA on performance, physiological expression and interactions in larval proteins. In addition, bone anomalies, digestive enzymatic activity, candidate gene expression and skeleton morphogenesis were examined. Results confirmed the importance of dietary PL levels of at least 8·2 % w.w., and an additional beneficiary effect of supplementation with DHA plus EPA. Thus, combined supplementation of SBL (up to 14·51 % w.w. PL) and n-3 LC-PUFA (1·004 % DM DHA and 0·169 % DM EPA) in the form of TAG resulted in highest growth and lowest incidence of anomalies, improved digestive enzyme activity and had differential effect on liver proteomics. The results denote that essential fatty acids can be supplemented as TAG to have beneficial effects in pikeperch larvae development.
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Wecker, Lynn. "Neurochemical effects of choline supplementation." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-054.
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Whether or not the brain can use supplemental choline to enhance the synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) is an important consideration for assessing the merits of using choline or phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders postulated to involve hypocholinergic activity. While it is well documented that administered choline is incorporated into ACh, the ability of supplemental choline to increase the synthesis and release of ACh has been questionable. Studies in my laboratory have demonstrated that acute or chronic choline supplementation does not, by itself, enhance the levels of ACh in brain under normal biochemical and physiological conditions. However, supplemental choline prevents the depletion of ACh in brain induced by numerous pharmacological agents that increase the firing of cholinergic neurons. Since the levels of free choline in brains from supplemented rats were not different from controls prior to drug challenge, evidence suggested that the observed effects of choline were mediated by alterations in the mobilization of choline from choline-containing compounds. Studies investigating the release of choline from brain indicated that more choline was released per unit time in tissues from choline-supplemented rats than from controls. In addition, brain tissue from choline-supplemented rats had increased concentrations of total lipid phosphorus as compared with controls. Hence, although choline supplementation does not alter the levels of ACh in brain under normal conditions, it does appear to support ACh synthesis during drug-induced increases in neuronal activity, an effect most likely mediated by alterations in the metabolism of choline-containing phospholipids.
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Sanyal, Sankar N. "Evidence for the presence of a glycosphingolipid-transfer protein in rat brain cytosol." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 65, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o87-063.
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Proteins in the postmicrosomal supernatant fraction of rat brain catalyzed the transfer of bovine brain galactocerebroside, sulfatide, and ganglioside GM1 from unilamellar liposomes to the rat erythrocytes or ghosts. The vesicles were made with egg yolk lecithin, cholesterol, 3H-labelled glycolipid, and a trace of [14C]triolein as a nonexchangeable marker. The routine assay of the glycosphingolipid transfer consisted of incubation of the donor liposomes with erythrocytes in the presence or absence of supernatant protein in physiological buffer at 37 °C for various time intervals. After the incubation, the erythrocytes were separated from the vesicles by centrifugation and the extent of protein-catalyzed transfer of labelled glycolipid in the membrane-bound total lipid fraction was determined by scintillation spectrometry. The fraction of [3H]glycosphingolipid transferred is represented by a change in the 3H/14C ratios at initial and subsequent time intervals. The glycosphingolipid transfer catalyzed by the supernatant protein was found to be logarithmic, whereas the protein-independent transfer was linear over a period of 3–4 h. The rate constant (K) and half time (t1/2) of the protein-catalyzed transfer reaction of cerebrosides and sulfatides were almost the same, while the transfer of ganglioside GM1 occurred at a slightly faster rate, probably owing to the greater aqueous solubility of this lipid. The transfer activity was also increased in a manner dependent on the amount of supernatant protein added up to 10 mg. The catalytic activity of the protein was lost when heated at 70 °C for 5 min. The pH optimum of the activity was around 7.4. Divalent metal ions Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ at a concentration of 0.1–2.0 mM had no appreciable effect on the transfer of cerebroside. However, Ca2+ at the concentration tested notably inhibited sulfatide transfer. Approximately, 3–5 pmol of the glycosphingolipids was transferred from the vesicles to the erythrocytes per milligram of supernatant protein per hour. The transferred radioactivity can be exclusively recovered in the red cell membrane bound glycolipid fraction, as analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The active material was partially purified (over 30-fold) by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-75, with an indicated molecular weight of about 21 000.
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Nishimukai, Megumi, Hiroshi Hara, and Yoritaka Aoyama. "Enteral administration of soyabean lecithin enhanced lymphatic absorption of triacylglycerol in rats." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 3 (September 2003): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003946.
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As the physiological roles of dietary lecithin have not yet been clearly defined, we examined the effects of lecithin on lipid absorption in male Wistar rats with a mesenteric lymph cannula. Lymphatic absorption was observed after the infusion of 1 ml emulsion containing 100 mg test oil emulsified with sodium taurocholate (10 g/l) in three separate experiments. Test oils (100 mg) were: soyabean oil (triacylglycerol (TG) source, SO) and soyabean oil + lecithin (75 mg soyabean oil+25 mg lecithin, LE) in Expt 1; SO, LE or soyabean oil + lysolecithin (75 mg soyabean oil plus 25 mg lysolecithin, LY) in Expt 2; hydrolysed soyabean oil (HSO) or HSO+lysolecithin (75 mg HSO+25 mg lysolecithin, HLY) in Expt 3. After LE and LY infusions, lymph flow and the lymphatic output of TG was higher than after SO infusion at 0-30 min and 0-90 min respectively (Expts 1 and 2). Lecithin-induced increases in lymph TG output remained constant when HSO was infused (Expt 3). There were no differences in the TG:phospholipid ratio in the lymph after infusion among the groups; nevertheless, the lymphatic output of TG was much higher after infusion with LE than with SO. Fatty acid was released more efficiently from SO than from LE and LY by in vitro digestion with rat bile–pancreatic juice. These present results demonstrate that a TG emulsion containing soyabean lecithin or its hydrolysates promote lymphatic TG output and suggest that the increases in TG absorption do not depend on TG digestion.
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Wirtu, G., C. E. Pope, M. C. Gomez, R. A. MacLean, D. L. Paccamonti, and B. L. Dresser. "274 LYSOLECITHIN TREATMENT OF ELAND, BONGO, AND BOVINE SPERMATOZOA AND CLEAVAGE OF BOVINE OOCYTES AFTER INTERSPECIES INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab274.
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Compared to success rates in human, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is inefficient in ungulate species. Although factors such as injection of membrane-intact sperm and toxic effects of acrosome contents are suspected causes, the reasons for the inefficiency are unclear. A recent report in mice demonstrated that ICSI using spermatozoa treated with a physiological detergent, lysolecithin, improved oocyte activation, cleavage, and offspring production after embryo transfer (Morozumi K et al. 2006 PNAS 109, 17 661–17 666). The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of detergent treatment on motility and membrane integrity of frozen thawed eland, bongo and bovine spermatozoa and to examine sperm decondensation/embryonic cleavage following ICSI of in vitro-matured bovine oocytes. In experiment 1, sperm motility was observed on a warm microscope stage during exposure to 3 lecithin concentrations, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01%, and the time at which 100% of the spermatozoa lost motility was recorded. In experiment 2, spermatozoa were exposed to 0.02% lecithin for 22 s, and the membrane integrity and acrosome status of spermatozoa were determined using a combined trypan blue-Giemsa staining (Nagy et al. 1999 Theriogenology 52, 1153–1159). In experiment 3, bovine oocytes were injected, using the piezo drill, with lecithin-treated (0.02%, immobilized) or untreated (piezo pulse immobilized) eland, bongo, or bovine spermatozoa and subsequently cultured for 2 days in CR1aa containing 3 mg mL–1 BSA. Each experiment was replicated at least 3 times. Lecithin induced time- and concentration-dependent loss of sperm motility. The average time to loss of motility in 100% of the spermatozoa at 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01% lecithin was 107, 222, and 344 s in bovine; 82, 135, and 179 s in eland; and 65, 115, and 158 in bongo, respectively. Data on membrane integrity (intact or nonintact) and acrosome status (reacted or nonreacted) of detergent-treated or control spermatozoa are shown in Table 1. Sperm head decondensation and embryonic cleavage were observed following homologous and interspecies (antelope into bovine) ICSI of lecithin-treated or control spermatozoa. In conclusion, lecithin treatment induced concentration and time-dependent loss of motility and was effective in damaging the sperm membrane and acrosome in eland, bongo, and domestic bulls. Eland and bongo spermatozoa underwent decondensation and activated bovine oocytes after interspecies ICSI. Table 1.
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Kolesnichenko, Svetlana, Alla Salavelis, Sergey Pavlovsky, and Svitlana Poplavska. "Development of innovative technology for sauce with lecithin." Technology audit and production reserves 4, no. 3(60) (July 31, 2021): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.238039.
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Consumers of catering establishments especially value their health and therefore give preference to dishes that correspond to modern concepts of healthy eating. In this regard, the development of such dishes is an important task. Thus, the object of the study was an emulsion sauce made using the spherification technique. Agar-agar was used as a material for encapsulating the sauce. The recipe composition of the sauce contains irreplaceable nutritional components: plant phospholipids (soy lecithin), monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids of olive oil and camelina oil, natural food fibers of agar-agar. Each recipe component of the developed emulsion sauce contains physiologically active substances with a high efficiency of health-improving effect. Synergy The combination of the positive effects of these prescription components makes it possible to create a therapeutic and prophylactic product. One of the most problematic areas is the formation of a lecithin-oil-water composition with a lamellar structure. Such a structure as a multilayer «container» helps to preserve the biologically active substances that make up the sauce from destruction and to better assimilate them by the human body. Due to the choice of a certain number of recipe components and their sequential combination under certain conditions (temperature 45 °C, mixing), it is possible to obtain a lamellar structure. In the course of the study, recipe components were selected that correspond to healthy food products, recipes and technologies for the preparation of an emulsion sauce with a lamellar structure were developed. And also provided with the help of spherification an attractive appearance and determined the organoleptic, microbiological indicators and shelf life of the product. To confirm the presence of the lamellar structure of the sauce, carry out optical studies and presented a micrograph in polarizing light. The research carried out makes it possible to expand the range of sauces with an extended shelf life (three days) for the restaurant industry.
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Johnson, Wilbur, Wilma F. Bergfeld, Donald V. Belsito, Ronald A. Hill, Curtis D. Klaassen, Daniel C. Liebler, James G. Marks, et al. "Safety Assessment of Lecithin and Other Phosphoglycerides as Used in Cosmetics." International Journal of Toxicology 39, no. 2_suppl (September 2020): 5S—25S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581820953123.
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The phosphoglycerides considered in this safety assessment are reported to function primarily as skin and hair conditioning agents, emulsifying agents, and surfactants in cosmetic products and are used up to a maximum reported concentration of 50%. Although phospholipids exert physiologic effects, these are not reproduced by application of phospholipid ingredients to the skin. Given the possibility that Lecithin may be derived from animal sources, it should be noted that the Food and Drug Administration does not permit the use of ingredients made from bovine specified risk materials in cosmetic products. The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety concluded that the 17 phosphoglycerides are safe in the present practices of use and concentration in cosmetics, as described in this safety assessment.
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Sannita, Walter G., Vincenzo Balestra, Guido Rosadini, Maurice Salama, and Claudio Timitilli. "Quantitative EEG and Neuropsychological Effects of Piracetam and of the Association Piracetam-Lecithin in Healthy Volunteers." Neuropsychobiology 14, no. 4 (1985): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000118228.
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Chechi, Kanta, John J. McGuire, and Sukhinder K. Cheema. "An Interaction of the Pre- and Post-Weaning Diets Rich in Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fats Alters Plasma Lipids, Hepatic Gene Expression and Aortic Vascular Reactivity in Adult 057Bl/6 Mice." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 3 (January 2010): NMI.S6026. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/nmi.s6026.
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Aim To investigate the effects of diets rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fats (PUFA) fed during pre- and post-weaning time periods on the lipid metabolism and vascular reactivity in adult C57Bl/6 mice, in order to assess the impact of maternal nutrition and its interaction with the offspring diet on the metabolism of adult offspring. Methods Female C57Bl/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet enriched with n-6 PUFA (P) or control diet (C) for 2-weeks before, during mating, gestation and lactation, while their pups received either P or C for 8-weeks post-weaning. Results A significant interaction between the maternal and post-weaning diets was observed for the offspring body weight, food-, caloric-intake, plasma lipids, hepatic mRNA expression of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, aortic contractile and relaxation responses ( P < 0.05). Conclusion The overall metabolic and physiological outcome in the offspring is dependent upon the interaction between the pre- and post-weaning dietary environments.
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Miura, H., S. Tazuma, and G. Kajiyama. "Partial characterization of regulation of biliary lecithin hydrophobicity: association with organic anion-induced solute cholestasis in rats." Biochemical Journal 312, no. 3 (December 15, 1995): 795–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3120795.
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We examined the effects of the depletion of bile salts and of the intravenous infusion of sodium taurocholate (STC) with or without bromosulphophthalein (BSP) in rats on the biliary secretion of lipids to clarify the regulatory mechanism(s). Each rat was equipped with a bile-duct cannula to collect bile. After the endogenous bile salt pool was depleted, STC was infused at a constant rate (160 nmol/min per 100 g body wt.) with or without BSP (50, 100, or 150 nmol/min per 100 g body wt.). BSP reduced the biliary secretion of cholesterol and phospholipids dose-dependently without affecting the secretion of bile salts (uncoupling phenomenon). Compared with the physiological and STC-infused condition, the biliary cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio increased under the bile salts depletion and uncoupling phenomenon. Data indicate that the hydrophobicity of biliary lecithin increases with a decrease in the bile salt micelle capacity to induce biliary lipid secretion, resulting in a higher packing density of biliary vesicle. The cholesterol-holding capacity of the biliary vesicle is therefore enhanced during the depletion of bile salts and the uncoupling phenomenon.
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Majdolhosseini, Leila, Hossein Ali Ghasemi, Iman Hajkhodadadi, and Mohammad Hossein Moradi. "Nutritional and physiological responses of broiler chickens to dietary supplementation with de-oiled soyabean lecithin at different metabolisable energy levels and various fat sources." British Journal of Nutrition 122, no. 8 (October 10, 2019): 863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000711451900182x.
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AbstractA 42-d study was conducted to investigate the effects of an emulsifier supplementation (de-oiled soyabean lecithin (DSL)) of diets with different levels of metabolisable energy (ME) and various sources of fat on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile and jejunal morphology of broiler chickens. Diets were arranged factorially (2 × 2 × 2) and consisted of two concentrations of ME (normal and low), two fat sources (soyabean oil (SO) and poultry fat (PF)) and two levels of DSL supplementation (0 and 1 g/kg). A total of 800 1-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to eight treatments with five replicates/treatment. The results showed the supplemental DSL caused improvements in the overall feed conversion ratio, fat digestibility and jejunal villus height:crypt depth ratio, but the magnitude of the responses was greater in the PF-containing diets, resulting in significant fat × DSL interactions (P<0·05). Abdominal fat percentage was also reduced by the PF-containing diet, but the response was greater in the normal ME diet, resulting in a significant ME × fat interaction (P = 0·048). Dietary DSL supplementation also increased nitrogen-corrected apparent ME values but decreased blood TAG (P = 0·041) and LDL (P = 0·049) concentrations, regardless of the source of fat used or the ME values in the diet. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the improvements in growth performance, fat digestibility and intestinal morphology that can be achieved with DSL supplementation are highly dependent on the degree of saturation of lipid incorporated into broiler chicken diets.
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Hellhammer, J., E. Fries, C. Buss, V. Engert, A. Tuch, D. Rutenberg, and D. Hellhammer. "Effects of Soy Lecithin Phosphatidic Acid and Phosphatidylserine Complex (PAS) on the Endocrine and Psychological Responses to Mental Stress." Stress 7, no. 2 (June 2004): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10253890410001728379.
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Chen, Bing-Huei, and Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj. "Nanoemulsion and Nanoliposome Based Strategies for Improving Anthocyanin Stability and Bioavailability." Nutrients 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2019): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11051052.
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Background: Anthocyanins, a flavonoid class of water-soluble pigments, are reported to possess several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. However, anthocyanins are highly susceptible to degradation in high pH, light, heat, and oxygen during processing and storage. Conventional microencapsulation techniques fail to provide stability to anthocyanins under physiological environments mainly because of their large particle size as well as low zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency. Methods: Nanotechnology provides novel strategies for preparing nanoformulations to enhance the physicochemical stability of anthocyanins. Nanoemulsion and nanoliposome are the two most commonly used nanosystems in pharmaceutical and food-related fields. In this review, an overview of various nanoemulsion and nanoliposome systems reported recently for enhancing stability, bioavailability, and bioactivity of anthocyanins is presented. Results: Anthocyanin nanoemulsions with different oil, water, surfactant, and cosurfactant ratios were prepared from extracts of mangosteen peel, purple sweet potato, cranberry, red cabbage, blueberry, jaboticaba peel, and acai berry and evaluated for their antioxidant activity, enhancement of physicochemical stability, topical skin application, and urinary tract infection. Likewise, unilamellar and multilamellar nanoliposomes were prepared using different types and levels of lecithin without or with cholesterol from anthocyanin standards and extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa, mulberry, elderberry, black carrot, and pistachio green hull for the evaluation of physicochemical and oxidative stability, in vitro bioaccessibility, and melanogenic activity, as well as protective effects against diabetes mellitus and cataract. Conclusion: This review provides an insight into the current nanotechnology updates on enhancement of anthocyanin stability and biological activity.
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Li, Haowen, Biao Liu, Hui Ao, Jingxin Fu, Yian Wang, Yue Feng, Yifei Guo, and Xiangtao Wang. "Soybean lecithin stabilizes disulfiram nanosuspensions with a high drug-loading content: remarkably improved antitumor efficacy." Journal of Nanobiotechnology 18, no. 1 (January 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-019-0565-0.
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AbstractDisulfiram (DSF) has been considered as “Repurposing drug” in cancer therapy in recent years based on its good antitumor efficacy. DSF is traditionally used as an oral drug in the treatment of alcoholism. To overcome its rapid degradation and instability, DSF nanosuspensions (DSF/SPC-NSps) were prepared using soybean lecithin (SPC) as a stabilizer of high drug-loaded content (44.36 ± 1.09%). Comprehensive characterization of the nanosuspensions was performed, and cell cytotoxicity, in vivo antitumor efficacy and biodistribution were studied. DSF/SPC-NSps, having a spherical appearance with particle size of 155 nm, could remain very stable in different physiological media, and sustained release. The in vitro MTT assay indicated that the cytotoxicity of DSF/SPC-NSps was enhanced remarkably compared to free DSF against the 4T1 cell line. The IC50 value decreased by 11-fold (1.23 vs. 13.93 μg/mL, p < 0.01). DSF/SPC-NSps groups administered via intravenous injections exhibited better antitumor efficacy compared to the commercial paclitaxel injection (PTX injection) and had a dose-dependent effect in vivo. Notably, DSF/SPC-NSps exhibited similar antitumor activity following oral administration as PTX administration via injection into a vein. These results suggest that the prepared nanosuspensions can be used as a stable delivery vehicle for disulfiram, which has potential application in breast cancer chemotherapy.
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DE NARDI, A. B., S. RODASKI, R. S. SOUSA, D. L. K. BAUDI, and J. H. T. CASTRO. "CICATRIZAÇÃO SECUNDÁRIA EM FERIDAS DERMOEPIDÉRMICAS TRATADAS COM ÁCIDOS GRAXOS ESSENCIAIS, VITAMINAS A e E, LECITINA DE SOJA E IODO POLIVINILPIRROLIDONA EM CÃES." Archives of Veterinary Science 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/avs.v9i1.4040.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da solução contendo ácidos graxos essenciais, lecitina de soja e vitaminas A e E sobre a cicatrização secundária de feridas dermoepidérmicas, observou-se a evolução da reparação tecidual em nove cães machos, SRD, com idade variando entre três e cinco anos e peso de 12 kg em média. Para isto, em cada paciente foram produzidos dois defeitos de pele, medindo 6cm de altura (sentido dorsoventral) x 4cm de largura (sentido craniocaudal) em ambas as faces laterais do tórax e do abdome, sendo que nas lesões do lado esquerdo procedeu-se a avaliação física e mensuração diária, enquanto que nas feridas do lado direito, realizou-se biópsia incisional a cada dois dias. Nas lesões abdominais esquerdas, tratadas com ácidos graxos e curativos úmidos com solução fisiológica 0,9%, tanto macro como microscopicamente, observou-se inflamação aguda durante os três primeiros dias, sendo esta seguida pelos eventos de granulação, contração e reepitelização completa até o 25º dia. Nas feridas torácicas esquerdas, expostas ao iodo polivinilpirrolidona e curativos úmidos, constatouse a predominância dos eventos inflamatórios agudos por sete dias, seguida dos fenômenos proliferativos, de contração e completa reepitelização até o 31º dia pós cirúrgico. A ausência de sinais compatíveis com toxicidade sistêmica e a mais rápida cicatrização das lesões tratadas com ácidos graxos, permitem a indicação desta solução para o tratamento de feridas abertas dermoepidérmicas, em cães. Secondary cicatrization in dermoepidermal wounds treated with essential fatty acids, vitamins A and E, soy lecithin and polynylpyrrolidone-iodine in dogs Abstract The effects of a solution containing essential fatty acids, soy lecithin and vitamins A and E in the healing of canine second intention dermoepidermal wounds were evaluated. In order to observe evolution of the tissue repair. Nine male, mixed breed dogs, with age varying between three and five years and average weight of 12 kg, were used in the experiment. Skin wounds were surgically performed in each dog. Two defects (6 x 4 cm) were performed in both thoracic and abdominal lateral faces of the animals. Daily physical evaluation and measurement were analyzed in the lesions situated on the left side, while incisional biopsy every other day was performed in the right side lesions. The left abdominal lesions, treated with fatty acids and humid curatives with physiologic solution 0.9 %, showed macro and microscopic changes such as acute inflammation during the firs three days. After this period and until the 25th day, granulation tissue followed by contraction events and total reepitelization were observed. The left thoracic lesions, treated with povidone-iodine and humid curatives, showed predominance of acute inflammatory events during the first seven days; these events were followed by proliferative and contraction events and by the total recovery of the epithelial surface until the 31st day after the surgery. In conclusion, the absence of compatible signs with systemic toxicity and the fastest healing of the lesions treated with fatty acids allow its indication for dermoepidermal wound treatment in dogs.
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Chhibber-Goel, Jyoti, Anamika Gaur, Varsha Singhal, Neeraj Parakh, Balram Bhargava, and Amit Sharma. "The complex metabolism of trimethylamine in humans: endogenous and exogenous sources." Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 18 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/erm.2016.6.
Full textAbstract:
Trimethylamine (TMA) is a tertiary amine with a characteristic fishy odour. It is synthesised from dietary constituents, including choline, L-carnitine, betaine and lecithin by the action of microbial enzymes during both healthy and diseased conditions in humans. Trimethylaminuria (TMAU) is a disease typified by its association with the characteristic fishy odour because of decreased TMA metabolism and excessive TMA excretion. Besides TMAU, a number of other diseases are associated with abnormal levels of TMA, including renal disorders, cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Aside from its role in pathobiology, TMA is a precursor of trimethylamine-N-oxide that has been associated with an increased risk of athero-thrombogenesis. Additionally, TMA is a major air pollutant originating from vehicular exhaust, food waste and animal husbandry industry. The adverse effects of TMA need to be monitored given its ubiquitous presence in air and easy absorption through human skin. In this review, we highlight multifaceted attributes of TMA with an emphasis on its physiological, pathological and environmental impacts. We propose a clinical surveillance of human TMA levels that can fully assess its role as a potential marker of microbial dysbiosis-based diseases.
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Hayashi, Hiroshi, Mitsunobu Kawamura, and Mitsuru Seishima. "Abstract 543: Enhancement of Rat Lymphatic Lipid Transport by Glucose Ingestion." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 36, suppl_1 (May 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvb.36.suppl_1.543.
Full textAbstract:
The intestine is a major source of lipid in the body. The mechanisms of absorption, intracellular metabolism, and lymphatic transport of intestinally derived lipid have been investigated vigorously. The lipid in the intestinal lumen is supplied as bile and food, the latter of which usually contains many kinds of nutrients. Although the intestinal lipid absorption physiologically occurs with the absorption of other nutrients, little is known about the effect of simultaneously absorbed other nutrients on lipid absorption in the intestine. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of glucose ingestion on lipid transport in rat mesenteric lymph. The glucose is derived from carbohydrate which is a major constituent of food. A mesenteric lymph fistula was made in male Sprague-Dawley rats and the duodenum was cannulated through the fundus of stomach. Postoperatively, the rats were allowed to recover in restraint cages and intraduodenally infused with saline. On the day after surgery, the saline infusion was replaced by a lipid infusion containing 35.4 mg/h of triolein, added with cholesterol, egg lecithin, and taurocholate, emulsified in phosphate-buffered saline with (the experimental group) or without (the control group) 10% glucose. While the lipid emulsion was infused for 8 hours, lymph was collected before and hourly during the lipid infusion. The concentrations of glucose, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in lymph were measured enzymatically. The glucose concentration in lymph increased in the experimental group. The lymphatic glucose concentrations in 8 h were 338 ± 79 (mean ± SE) mg/dl in the experimental group (n = 5) and 152 ± 14 mg/dl in the control group (n = 4), respectively. The amount of TG transported in lymph for 8 hours were 175 ± 3 mg in the experimental group and 147 ± 7 mg in the control group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01). PC was also transported in lymph significantly more in the experimental group than in the control group. In conclusion, simultaneous glucose feeding enhanced lymphatic lipid transport in the rat intestine.