Academic literature on the topic 'Lee Prince'

This essay explores Vernon Lee's ‘Amour Dure’ and ‘Prince Alberic and the Snake Lady’, as well as Oscar Wilde's ‘The Sphinx’, ‘The Truth of Masks’, and ‘The Portrait of Mr. W. H.’ to uncover how writers at the turn of the twentieth century represented encounters with material artefacts of the past to facilitate the expression of queer identity and experience. While Lee's stories address derelict material remains to expose neglected individual histories, illustrating unconventional relationships through temporal collision, Wilde's ‘The Sphinx’ adopts the exoticism of ancient Egypt to more explicitly discuss sexual transgression. Furthermore, through ‘The Truth of Masks’ and ‘The Portrait of Mr. W. H.’, Wilde can be seen to employ archaeological experience to envision queer desire. In their appropriation of the mysteries of the buried past to suggest non-normative desires buried within the self, these late-Victorian works constitute a precursor to major concepts generally associated with the twentieth century, including Freud's analogy between archaeology and psychoanalysis, and the rise of queer archaeology in the late 1980s.

Red Deer Hill is 5 km long, 3 km wide, and 70 m high. The hill is a glaciotectonic structure formed by a single 106 m thick thrust block, presumably derived from the 80 m deep, upglacier Holmes depression. The thrust block became dislodged by displacement along a presheared horizontal gouge zone where the shearing resistance of the clay was reduced to a residual state by the first (Mennon) glaciation. The hill–depression structure was formed by the Battleford glacier, which drumlinized Red Deer Hill before depositing a veneer of till over the structure. The Holmes depression was filled with glacial Lake Saskatchewan lacustrine and deltaic sediments. Horizontal displacement along a décollement in the direction of the activating force resulted in a stress environment changing from extension to compression. In the zone of extension (Holmes depression), an active Rankine state developed and beds stretched and thinned. In the zone of compression (Red Deer Hill), conversely, a passive Rankine state developed and the beds resisted compression and thickened. Drumlinization of the thrust block occurred as lateral pressures in the block mass changed from passive (stoss slope) to active (lee slope) downglacier.

My stoneware sculptures in my MFA final project were named Earth Divers because clay as a material is earth and clay is also symbolic of the Earth. The way that I physically dive into clay up to my elbows is a poetic performance. The sculptures were built in sections horizontally and then stacked vertically. I began the process by first making life size plaster molds of the human figure taken from live people. Earth Divers take their architectural structure specifically from the organic curves of the negative voids that are characteristic of the plaster figure molds. I built into these plaster molds a block or brick like section. I then removed the large block sections from the molds and stacked the sections one on top of the other combining the figurative and architectural structures with gothic influence. The sculptor, Stephen De Staebler, who works in a similar fashion, describes his work as, "... first laying the figure down and later standing it in a vertical position." The way of life that was lost with the manufacturing past of my family at Castone Brick is found in the use of industrial nostalgia by modeling I-beam shapes as part of the structure of the stacked sections. I also fired nuts, bolts, and washers of various sizes in the clay that build the surface of the human forms. The square nut seen in my work is no longer being manufactured and is symbolic of the passing of the industrial age in America. Finally, to build the surfaces of my sculptures I used slips, glazes, and a variety of clays on top of clay, and laid glass fragments on the horizontal surfaces to create a look of pooled water when my work was fired similar to what I have seen in the Lehman Caves in Baker, Nevada. "I believe there is a force in this world that lives beneath the surface, something primitive and wild that awakens when you need an extra push just to survive, like wild flowers that bloom after a fire turns the forest black. Most people are afraid of it and keep it buried deep inside themselves. But, there will always be a few people who have the courage to love what is untamed inside us." (Tim McGraw)

O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar padrões nos desvios da Lei do Preço Único. Utilizando dados desagregados nacionais e internacionais do período 1998-2008, aplicaram-se duas metodologias distintas: i) análise de componentes principais; e ii) estimador group mean Fully Modified OLS para painel proposto por Pedroni (2000). A análise de componentes principais facilita a identificação de padrões na variação de uma quantidade grande de dados e, o estimador group mean FMOLS permite estimar a relação de longo prazo existente entre os preços de um mesmo produto, cotados na mesma moeda, praticados em mercados distintos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o câmbio é o principal responsável pelos desvios da Lei do Preço Único. Ademais, os resultados sugerem a existência de uma relação fraca entre os preços de um mesmo bem, cotados em Reais, mas comercializados nos mercados brasileiro e americano.
The main goal of this essay is to identify patterns in deviation from the law of one price. Using disaggregated data from Brazil and USA for the period 1998-2008, we applied two different methodologies: i) principal component analysis and ii) panel group mean Fully Modified OLS estimator proposed by Pedroni (2000). The principal component analysis facilitates the identification of patterns in the variation of a large amount of data, while the group mean FMOLS estimates the long run relationship between prices of the same good, quoted in the same currency, charged in separated markets. The results indicate that the exchange rate is the main responsible for deviations from the law of one price. Moreover, the results suggest the existence of a weak relationship between the prices of the same good, quoted in Reais, but sold in the Brazilian and American markets.

In order to function safely in a dynamic environment with humans and obstacles, robots require active compliance control with force feedback. In these applications the control law typically includes full dynamics compensation to decouple the joints and cancel out nonlinearities, for which a high-fidelity model of the robot is required. In the case of a 3D-printed robot, components cannot be easily modeled due non-uniform densities, inconsistencies among the 3D printers used in manufacturing, and the use of different plastics with mechanical properties that are not widely known. To address this issue, this thesis presents an adaptive control framework which modifies the model parameters online in order to achieve satisfactory tracking performance. The inertial properties are estimated by adapting with respect to functions of the unknown parameters. This is achieved by rewriting the robot dynamics equations as the product of a matrix of known nonlinear functions of the joint states and a vector of constant unknowns. The result is a nonlinear system linearly parameterized in terms of the of the unknowns, which can be estimated using adaptation laws derived from Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed control system consists of an outer-loop impedance controller to regulate deviations from the nominal trajectory in the presence of disturbances, and an inner-loop force controller to track the joint torques commanded by the outer-loop. The proposed system is evaluated on an early prototype consisting of a 3DOF leg, and two actuator test setups for the low-level controller.
Master of Science
In order to function safely in a dynamic environment with humans and obstacles, a robot must be able to actively control its interaction forces with the outside environment. In these applications a high-fidelity model of the robot is required. In the case of a 3D-printed robot, the components in the robot cannot be easily modeled due non-uniform densities, inconsistencies among the 3D printers used in manufacturing, and the use of different plastics with mechanical properties that are not widely known. To address this issue, this thesis presents an adaptive control framework which actively modifies the model parameters in order to achieve satisfactory tracking performance. In this work, the equations of motion of the robot are manipulated in such a way that the unknown quantities are separated from the known quantities. The unknowns are updated in real time using adaptive laws derived from Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed control system consists of a high-level torque controller to regulate deviations from the nominal trajectory, and a low-level force controller to track the joint torques commanded at the high-level. The proposed system is evaluated on an early prototype of the robot consisting of a 3 degree of freedom leg, and two actuator test setups for the low-level controller.

This diploma thesis deals with the problems of heat transfer on printed circuit boards. The first part consists of a theoretical analysis of the principles of conduction of heat in different environments, comparing the properties of common type’s base materials for PCBs in terms of thermal properties and focuses on heat transfer from the chip. In the following part they are general information about the program ANSYS ® Workbench ™. Next part consists of the basic designs of PCBs and their improving. PCBs thermal properties for different configurations are verified with calculations, simulations and practical measurements. In the last part there are created design recommendations for PCBs design based on the comparison of the results of initial proposals and proposals to improvements.

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This paper aims to map how 3D printing is already affecting and will affect intellectual property. In Chapter 1, we trace the historical development of intellectual property as well as the philosophical justifications for this related to the development of technologies that work with content (music and movies) such as the internet. Therefore, we make analogies with this case in order to capture insights that can guide the analysis regarding the relation intellectual property and 3D printer . Chapter 2 lends itself to analyze the 3D printer and its development in the market; there are also reflections on the Maker Movement, Open Source Hardware licenses and the environmental effects of this technology. Chapter 3 analyzes cases that have already occurred involving 3D printers and intellectual property, analyzing how this technology further enhances the problem of the performance of intellectual property in the XXI century.
O presente trabalho objetiva mapear de que forma a impressão 3D já afeta e afetará a propriedade intelectual. No Capítulo 1, traça-se o desenvolvimento histórico da propriedade intelectual, bem como as justificativas filosóficas para esta em face do desenvolvimento de tecnologias que trabalham com conteúdos (músicas e filmes) como a interent. São feitas assim analogias com este caso de forma a capturar insights que possam nortear análises a respeito da relação propriedade intelectual e impressora 3D . O Capítulo 2 se presta a analisar a impressora 3D e o seu desenvolvimento no mercado; há também reflexões a respeito do Movimento Maker, licenças Open Source Hardware e os efeitos ambientais desta tecnologia. O Capítulo 3 analisa casos que já ocorreram envolvendo a impressora 3D e propriedade intelectual, analisando-se de que forma esta tecnologia problematiza ainda mais o desempenho da propriedade intelectual no século XXI.

L'invocation, l'application et les implications politiques du principe de précaution suscitent de nombreux débats. Les décideurs sont constamment confrontés à un dilemme, celui de traiter des risques technologiques pour la santé humaine, la sécurité et l'environnement. En utilisant la théorie de l'activité communicative et la théorie du droit et de la démocratie de Habermas, cette thèse explore à la fois l'invocation et l'application légitimes du principe de précaution et les politiques publiques de précaution sur la base de l'examen des fondements normatifs et de la performance du principe de précaution en politique publique. En outre, cette thèse met les politiques publiques de précaution à l'épreuve des biocarburants
The invocation, application and policy implications of the precautionary principle are giving rise to much debate. Policymakers are constantly confronted with the dilemma of dealing with the technological risks to human health, safety and the environment. By using Habermas¡¯s theory of communicative activity and discourse theory of law and democracy, this thesis explores both the legitimate invocation and application of the precautionary principle and the precautionary public policy on the basis of reviewing the normative foundations and performance of the precautionary principle in public policy. Furthermore, this thesis puts the precautionary public policy to the test of biofuels

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O objetivo deste trabalho ? discorrer acerca da for?a normativa dos princ?pios, entender melhor como deve ocorrer, juridicamente, o enquadramento da improbidade administrativa e como pode ser punida. Assim, buscou-se demonstrar a forma normativa dos princ?pios, sua distin??o das regras e conceituar a improbidade administrativa. Tamb?m foram abordados os princ?pios constitucionais regentes da Administra??o P?blica, conceituando-se os princ?pios expressos na Constitui??o, como a legalidade, a impessoabilidade, a moralidade, a publicidade e a efici?ncia. Da mesma forma, foram tratados os outros princ?pios n?o expressos, como o do interesse p?blico, da motiva??o e da finalidade, dedicando-se cap?tulo ? parte aos princ?pios da proporcionalidade e da razoabilidade, porquanto incidem eles tanto na individualiza??o de uma conduta como ?mproba quanto na aplica??o das san??es cominadas a tal ato; tudo com vista a demonstrar que o foco dos atos tem de estar voltado para o respeito aos princ?pios constitucionais da administra??o. Foi, na seq??ncia, feita uma interpreta??o sistem?tica do artigo 11 da Lei n. 8.429/92, concluindo-se pela possibilidade de cometimento de improbidade administrativa por viola??o de princ?pios na modalidade culposa, apesar de o dispositivo a ela n?o se referir. Dissertou-se, por fim, acerca da repara??o ao er?rio e ? quest?o do dano moral ? Administra??o P?blica, quando caracterizada a improbidade por viola??o dos princ?pios administrativos, apontando-se afirmativamente para a ocorr?ncia daquele dano.

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The discussion of this study focuses on Law No. 11,942/2009 of May 28th of 2009, which altered the texts of Articles 14, 83 and 89 of Law Number 7210 of July 11th of 1984 - Penal Execution Law to ensure the female prison minimum conditions of assistance to imprisoned mothers and their newborns during the period of breastfeeding and the study of the principles of humanity and personality of the punishment. The Law Number 11,942 / 2009 brought major changes to the Criminal Sentencing Act, which refers to: (i) assured medical care to women and newborns; (ii) provided spaces for prison nurseries cater for children of female prisoners during breastfeeding up to six (06) months of age; (iii) ensured the existence of section for pregnant and laboring women, as well as child care for children six (06) months and younger than 07 (seven) years of age to assist the helpless child, whose mother is serving a custodial sentence and (iv) ensured that the section and the nursery will be accompanied by qualified personnel, meeting the educational standards. This study aims to determine whether the principles of humanity and personality of the punishment were contemplated in the Law Number 11,942 / 2009, given the advances with respect to maternal and arrested his son, as well as the prediction of kindergarten and nursery areas, and also the possibility of extension of time children stay in prison until 07 (seven) incomplete years of age. Accordingly, we seek to analyze the female prison, especially with regard to the period of stay of children in prisons for exercising the right to breastfeeding, as well as assess whether the principles of humanity and personality of the punishment observed in the remaining Law Number 11,942/2009
A discuss?o do presente estudo centra-se na Lei n? 11.942/2009 de 28 de maio de 2009, que deu nova reda??o aos artigos 14, 83 e 89 da Lei n? 7.210 de 11 de julho de 1984 Lei de Execu??o Penal para assegurar no c?rcere feminino condi??es m?nimas de assist?ncia ?s m?es presas e aos rec?m-nascidos no per?odo da amamenta??o e no estudo acerca dos princ?pios da humanidade e da pessoalidade da pena. A Lei n?. 11.942/2009 trouxe modifica??es importantes ? Lei de Execu??o Penal, as quais menciona-se: (i) assegurou acompanhamento m?dico ? mulher e ao rec?m-nascido; (ii) proporcionou estabelecimentos prisionais com espa?os para ber??rios para abarcar os filhos das presidi?rias no per?odo da amamenta??o at? os 06 (seis) meses de idade; (iii) assegurou a exist?ncia de se??o para gestante e parturiente, bem como creches para crian?as de 06 (seis) meses e menores de 07 (sete) anos para assistir a crian?a desamparada, cuja m?e estiver cumprindo pena privativa de liberdade e (iv) assegurou que a se??o e a creche ser?o acompanhadas por pessoal qualificado, atendendo ?s normas educacionais. O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar se os princ?pios da humanidade e da pessoalidade da pena foram contemplados na Lei n?. 11.942/2009, considerando os avan?os no que diz respeito ? sa?de da m?e presa e do seu filho, bem como a previs?o de espa?os de creche e ber??rio e, ainda, a possibilidade de exten??o do tempo de perman?ncia das crian?as no c?rcere at? os 07 (sete) anos de idade incompletos. Nesse sentido, busca-se analisar o c?rcere feminino, especialmente, no que se refere ao per?odo de perman?ncia das crian?as nas unidades prisionais para o exerc?cio do direito ? amamenta??o, bem como aferir se os princ?pios da humanidade e da pessoalidade da pena restaram observados na Lei n?. 11.942/2009.

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A presente obra se disp?e a analisar a quest?o do labor ligado ? ind?stria do petr?leo quando este ocorre em plataformas e embarca??es de apoio mar?timo, no ?mbito da Zona Econ?mica Exclusiva brasileira. Pretende-se primordialmente, sob o prisma do princ?pio basilar do Direito do Trabalho que ? o Princ?pio da Prote??o, verificar com o aux?lio do m?todo hipot?tico-dedutivo a possibilidade de efetiva??o de direitos atrav?s da normatiza??o atualmente incidente sobre o setor, isto diante do contexto ambivalente da descoberta da possibilidade de extra??o na camada do "pr?-sal" aliada ? recente crise no pre?o do barril de petr?leo. De in?cio, ? trazida uma contextualiza??o quanto ? cria??o e desenvolvimento da ind?stria do petr?leo brasileira, sua expans?o para o mar, bem como as caracter?sticas do espa?o mar?timo onde a maior parte da explora??o no pa?s ocorre: a Zona Econ?mica Exclusiva. Em seguida, partindo da Constitui??o Federal de 1988, ? abordado o sistema de prote??o laboral no Brasil, sua import?ncia e princ?pios, seu di?logo de fontes e as particularidades do trabalho embarcado ? que implicam na necessidade de uma prote??o espec?fica. Posteriormente, se analisa aspectos quanto ? terceiriza??o intensa ao qual se submete o setor e ? quest?o da aplicabilidade ou n?o da legisla??o laboral sobre os contratos internacionais de trabalho, comuns na ?rea. Por fim, parte-se para uma an?lise das normas, em sentido amplo, aplic?veis tanto na atua??o do petroleiro propriamente dito como na do tripulante das embarca??es de apoio mar?timo. Este estudo se utilizou dos m?todos monogr?fico e hipot?tico-dedutivo, com revis?o de doutrina e jurisprud?ncia relativas ao tema e investiga??o das normas em sentido amplo incidentes.
This work intends to analyze the question of labour related to the oil industry when it occurs in platforms and maritime support vessels, within the scope of the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. It is intended, primarily, under the prism of the fundamental principle of Labor Law, which is the Principle of Protection, to verify with the help of the hypothetical-deductive method the possibility of actualizing rights through the normatization currently pertaining to the sector, this against the ambivalent context of the discovery of the possibility of extraction in the "pre-salt" layer allied to the recent crisis in the price of the oil barrel. Initially, a contextualization about the creation and development of the Brazilian oil industry is brought, its expansion into the sea, as well as the characteristics of the maritime space where most of the exploration in the country occurs: the Exclusive Economic Zone. Next, starting from the 1988 Federal Constitution, the system of labour protection in Brazil is approached, its importance and principles, its dialogue of sources and the particularities of the offshore work, which incurs in the need of a specific protection. After, aspects on the intense outsourcing to which the sector is subjected and on the question of the applicability or not of the labor legislation on the international labour contracts, which are common in the area, are analyzed. Finally, we incur in an analysis of the norms, in a broad sense, applicable both to the performance of the oil workers themselves as well as to the crew of the maritime support vessels. This study used the monographic and hypothetical-deductive methods, with a review of doctrine and jurisprudence related to the topic and investigation of the applicable norms, in a broad sense.

The construction industry's two main certifications are Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and Energy Star. To achieve the triple bottom line of sustainability for these certifications, both certifications should make a positive impact individually as well as mutually, with their impact extending to the surrounding neighborhood. This research examined the spillover effect of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on the property values of other buildings in their neighborhood in Manhattan, New York City from an economic standpoint. The spatial analysis approach using the Geographic Information System and the statistical analysis approach based on the Hedonic Price Model and the Linear Mixed Effect Model were applied to identify the geographical distribution of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings and their other buildings in their neighborhoods and analyze the impact of the former on the latter. The results were as follows: 1) There was a significant correlation between a LEED and/or Energy Star certified office building and the unit market values of its adjoining buildings through the unit market values of the certified office building, the LEED and/or Energy Star certification achievement, and the major features of LEED certification; 2) There was a varying spillover effect of the certified office building on the median unit market value of buildings depending on their proximities to a LEED and/or Energy Star certified office building. This research provides a firm foundation for further efforts to quantify the spillover effect of LEED and/or Energy Star certification on a neighborhood from an economic standpoint, thus supporting and encouraging growth in the local real estate market and benefitting not only the owners, developers, and investors of the certified office building but also the owners of neighboring buildings.
Ph. D.

Pour retracer l'histoire de la parole des femmes prise ou donnée, leur présence et leur influence aux différentes époques de notre histoire, dans le discours littéraire et journalistique francophone, dans les œuvres de référence que sont les dictionnaires et encyclopédies, nous avons réuni des points de vue variés de spécialistes provenant de différents pays et de différents horizons scientifiques. Comment les femmes s'intègrent-elles dans la définition d'une norme langagière et dans la création linguistique ? Quels sont les mots qui les décrivent ou qu'on leur adresse ? Quelles sont les figures féminines qui émergent des différents ouvrages analysés, vecteurs de nos cultures et sociétés ? De la maîtresse ou de l'étrangère, de l'intellectuelle ou de la putain, de l'ouvrière ou de la femme de pouvoir, différentes facettes de femmes, exposées ou décriées dans leurs intentions ou leurs intimités, proposent une vision dynamique de la condition féminine.

Knowledge management (KM) systems are quite diverse, but all provide increased access to organizational knowledge, which helps the enterprise to be more connected, agile, and effective. The dilemma faced when using a KM system is to balance the goal of being knowledge-enabled while being knowledge-secure (Cohen, 2003; Lee & Rosenbaum, 2003). A recent survey of IT security professions found that over 50% of respondents indicated an increase in the security budgets of their organizations since September 11, 2001, and projected that 2004 IT security budgets would be larger than ever (Briney & Prince, 2003).

Chapter two argues that Thomas Pringle’s experiences of exile and displacement informed his editorial contributions to The History of Mary Prince (1831), the first narrative of a black woman’s life published in Britain. While critics have looked at Pringle’s contributions to emphasize the intercultural aspects of the History and slave narratives more generally, few have attended to the transnational elements of Pringle’s own background. In 1820, the collapse of his family’s fortune forced Pringle and his family to leave Scotland and sail for the Cape Colony, where he led a party of Scottish immigrants to newly opened settlements along the frontier. Tensions with colonial officials forced Pringle to leave, and he resettled in London, where he became secretary of the Anti-Slavery Society and crossed paths with Prince. As a product of a Scottish diaspora, Pringle’s contribution manifests a partial identification with Prince, while providing its own distinct expression of dispossession..

When Natasha opened Prince Andrei’s door with a familiar movement and let Princess Marya pass into the room before her, the princess felt the sobs rising in her throat. Hard as she had tried to prepare herself and now tried to remain tranquil, she...

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is an innovative technology that creates parts by adding small portions of materials layer by layer, which frees designers to create parts that were not possible to manufacture with subtractive manufacturing processes previously. This led to wide-spread popularity of 3D-printing technology. In this technology. fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most affordable one in the market now. Therefore, it is vital to understand how the print orientation, which can be customized very easily, affects the mechanical properties of the prints to maximize the strength of the product. This paper aims to present the methodology and results of the experimental characterization of the acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) 3D-printed part. Tensile characterization of ABS was performed to analyze anisotropic nature of 3D-printed parts caused by its unique manufacturing process. Specimens were printed with six different configurations: four raster ([45/−45], [30/−60], [15/−75] and [0/90]) and three build orientations (0 or flat, 45, and 90 degrees with respect to the build plate, all printed in [45/−45] raster orientation). Dogbone tensile specimens were printed and pulled using the tensile test machine. The young’s modulus, yield strength, ultimate strength, strain at failure, breaking strength were found for each configuration. As the build orientation angle increased and the raster orientation goes from [45/−45] to [0/90], mechanical properties decreased steadily except the Young’s modulus. For build orientation, Young’s modulus decreased first then increased as angle increased, and for the raster orientation, there was no statistically significant difference as raster changed from [45/−45] to [0/90]. Overall, [45/−45] flat configuration is the strongest and the most stable configuration.

Coal-fired power plants are a source of inexpensive, reliable electricity for many countries. Unfortunately, their high carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions rates contribute significantly to global climate change. With the likelihood of future policies limiting CO2 emissions, CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) could allow for the continued use of coal while low- and zero-emission generation sources are developed and implemented. This work compares the potential impact of flexibly operating CO2 capture systems on the economic viability of using CCS in gas- and coal-dominated electricity markets. The comparison is made using a previously developed modeling framework to analyze two different markets: 1) a natural-gas dominated market (the Electric Reliability Council of Texas, or ERCOT) and 2) a coal-dominated market (the National Electricity Market, or NEM in Australia). The model uses performance and economic parameters for each power plant to determine the annual generation, CO2 emissions, and operating profits for each plant for specified input fuel prices and CO2 emissions costs. Previous studies of ERCOT found that flexible CO2 capture operation could improve the economic viability of coal-fired power plants with CO2 capture when there are opportunities to reduce CO2 capture load and increase electrical output when electricity prices are high. The model was used to compare the implications of using CO2 capture systems in the two electricity systems under CO2 emissions penalties from 0–100 US dollars per metric ton of CO2. Half the coal-fired power plants in each grid were selected to be considered for a CO2 capture retrofit based on plant efficiency, whether or not SO2 scrubbers are already installed on the plant, and the plant’s proximity to viable sequestration sites. Plants considered for CO2 capture systems are compared with and without inflexible CO2 capture as well as with two different flexible operation strategies. With more coal-fired power plants being dispatched as the marginal generator and setting the electricity price in the NEM, electricity prices increase faster due to CO2 prices than in ERCOT where natural gas-plants typically set the electricity price. The model showed moderate CO2 emissions reductions in ERCOT with CO2 capture and no CO2 price because increased costs at coal-fired power plants led to reduced generation. Without CO2 prices, installing CO2 capture on coal-fired power plants resulted in moderately reduced CO2 emissions in ERCOT as the coal-fired power plants became more expensive and were replaced with less expensive natural gas-fired generators. Without changing the makeup of the plant fleet in NEM, a CO2 price would not currently promote significant replacement of coal-fired power plants because there is minimal excess capacity with low CO2 emissions rates that can displace existing coal-fired power plants. Additionally, retrofitting CO2 capture onto half of the coal-based fleet in NEM did not reduce CO2 emissions significantly without CO2 costs being implemented because the plants with capture become more expensive and were replaced by the coal-fired power plants without CO2 capture. Operating profits at NEM capture plants increased as CO2 price increased much faster than capture plants in ERCOT. The higher rate of increasing profits for plants in NEM is due to the marginal generators in NEM being coal-based facilities with higher CO2 emissions penalties than the natural gas-fired facilities that set electricity prices in ERCOT. Overall, coal-fired power plants were more profitable with CO2 capture systems than without in both ERCOT and NEM when CO2 prices were higher than USD25/ton.

After significant interest in the 1970s, but relatively few deployments, the use of concentrating solar collectors for thermal applications, including enhanced oil recovery, desalination, and industrial process heat (IPH), is again increasing in global interest. In particular, recent advances in collector design and manufacturing have led to reduced cost per square meter of aperture area. In this study, analysis of a modern parabolic trough that is suited for use in small solar IPH (SIPH) applications predicts that the installed solar field cost can be as low as $170/m2. A slightly higher cost of $200/m2 is estimated for facilities typical of a SIPH plant size. Full project costs will include additional costs for contingency, piping and heat exchanger interface, and project indirect costs. The cost for solar-generated heat by SIPH is quantified by defining the levelized cost of heat (LCOH). California offers a favorable environment for SIPH given its good insolation, gas prices typically higher than the national average, and policies promoting solar-thermal deployment. Given historically low gas prices, competing with natural gas remains the primary challenge to deployment. However, this study finds that the solar LCOH for many regions in California is lower than the LCOH from natural gas, using a representative installed solar hardware price and the average price for industrial natural gas in California. Lastly, modification are in progress to the parabolic trough model within NREL’s System Advisor Model (SAM) to allow users to more easily predict performance for these steam-generation applications.

The advancement of printed electronics technology has significantly facilitated the development of electronic engineering. However, so far there still remain big barriers to impede the currently available printing technologies from being extensively used. Many of the difficulties came from the factors like: complicated ink-configurations, high post-treatment temperature, poor conductivity in room temperature and extremely high cost and time consuming fabrication process. From an alternative strategy, our recently invented desktop liquid metal printer offered a flexible way to better address the above deficiencies. Through modifying the system developed in the authors’ lab, here we demonstrated the feasibility of the method in quickly and reliably printing out various large area electronic circuits. Particularly, the liquid metal ink made of GaIn24.5 alloy, with a high electrical resistivity of 2.98×10−7 Ω·m, can be rapidly printed on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) substrate with maximum sizes spanning from centimeter size to meter large. Most important of all, all these manufactures were achieved at an extremely low cost level which clearly shows the ubiquitous value of the liquid metal printer. To evaluate the working performance of the present electronics fabrication method, the electrical resistance and wire width of the printed circuits were investigated under multiple overprinting cycles. For practical illustration purpose, LED lighting conductive patterns which can serve as a functional electronic decoration art were fabricated on the flexible plastic substrate. The present work sets up an example for directly making large-scale ending consumer electronics via a high-efficiency and low-cost way.

This article develops low cost moiré deflectometry for two-dimensional temperature measurement in free boundary environment. Experimental setup uses a red monochrome LED lamp with wavelength range of 625–635 nm as light source. In process, the light first runs through the convex lens and then propagates to the parabolic mirror with diameter of 406 mm and f/4.5 for generating the parallel light. The parallel light further propagates to test object and through two gratings with both pitch 254 lpi which are printed by laser printer. Behind the two gratings, a CCD camera is applied to capture the image, the distorted fringes. Based on the moiré deflectometry theory, the two-dimensional temperature distribution in free boundary environment can be determined in terms of the captured fringe shift analysis. This work has successfully measured the two-dimensional temperature distribution in free boundary environment with heat source models of 40–95 °C vertical wall, 60 W light bulb, and burning candle flame. The measured temperature deviations between moiré deflectometry and thermocouple thermometer are all less than 5%.

The Nordic Economic Policy Review (NEPR) is an annual publication presenting some of the latest and cutting-edge research into selected topics of economic policy. This year’s edition dives into the Nordic housing markets, examining some of the key policy mechanisms behind the rapidly rising housing prices, as well as the impacts on social welfare and social and ethnic segregation. The theme is selected by the NEPR steering group, which consists of representatives from the Nordic Ministries of Finance, Nordregio, and the NEPR editor. This publication provides a short summary of the five NEPR 2021 articles, which seek to answer the following questions: André Anundsen: What is the prevalence of house price bubbles in the Nordics? Erlend Eide Bø: Do buy-to-let investments lead to higher housing prices? Mats Bergman and Sten Nyberg: What explains the large increase in the relative cost of construction? Niku Määttänen: How can housing taxation improve social welfare? Essi Eerola: How do Nordic housing policies affect affordability and integration?

1.1 Macroeconomic summary Economic recovery has consistently outperformed the technical staff’s expectations following a steep decline in activity in the second quarter of 2020. At the same time, total and core inflation rates have fallen and remain at low levels, suggesting that a significant element of the reactivation of Colombia’s economy has been related to recovery in potential GDP. This would support the technical staff’s diagnosis of weak aggregate demand and ample excess capacity. The most recently available data on 2020 growth suggests a contraction in economic activity of 6.8%, lower than estimates from January’s Monetary Policy Report (-7.2%). High-frequency indicators suggest that economic performance was significantly more dynamic than expected in January, despite mobility restrictions and quarantine measures. This has also come amid declines in total and core inflation, the latter of which was below January projections if controlling for certain relative price changes. This suggests that the unexpected strength of recent growth contains elements of demand, and that excess capacity, while significant, could be lower than previously estimated. Nevertheless, uncertainty over the measurement of excess capacity continues to be unusually high and marked both by variations in the way different economic sectors and spending components have been affected by the pandemic, and by uneven price behavior. The size of excess capacity, and in particular the evolution of the pandemic in forthcoming quarters, constitute substantial risks to the macroeconomic forecast presented in this report. Despite the unexpected strength of the recovery, the technical staff continues to project ample excess capacity that is expected to remain on the forecast horizon, alongside core inflation that will likely remain below the target. Domestic demand remains below 2019 levels amid unusually significant uncertainty over the size of excess capacity in the economy. High national unemployment (14.6% for February 2021) reflects a loose labor market, while observed total and core inflation continue to be below 2%. Inflationary pressures from the exchange rate are expected to continue to be low, with relatively little pass-through on inflation. This would be compatible with a negative output gap. Excess productive capacity and the expectation of core inflation below the 3% target on the forecast horizon provide a basis for an expansive monetary policy posture. The technical staff’s assessment of certain shocks and their expected effects on the economy, as well as the presence of several sources of uncertainty and related assumptions about their potential macroeconomic impacts, remain a feature of this report. The coronavirus pandemic, in particular, continues to affect the public health environment, and the reopening of Colombia’s economy remains incomplete. The technical staff’s assessment is that the COVID-19 shock has affected both aggregate demand and supply, but that the impact on demand has been deeper and more persistent. Given this persistence, the central forecast accounts for a gradual tightening of the output gap in the absence of new waves of contagion, and as vaccination campaigns progress. The central forecast continues to include an expected increase of total and core inflation rates in the second quarter of 2021, alongside the lapse of the temporary price relief measures put in place in 2020. Additional COVID-19 outbreaks (of uncertain duration and intensity) represent a significant risk factor that could affect these projections. Additionally, the forecast continues to include an upward trend in sovereign risk premiums, reflected by higher levels of public debt that in the wake of the pandemic are likely to persist on the forecast horizon, even in the context of a fiscal adjustment. At the same time, the projection accounts for the shortterm effects on private domestic demand from a fiscal adjustment along the lines of the one currently being proposed by the national government. This would be compatible with a gradual recovery of private domestic demand in 2022. The size and characteristics of the fiscal adjustment that is ultimately implemented, as well as the corresponding market response, represent another source of forecast uncertainty. Newly available information offers evidence of the potential for significant changes to the macroeconomic scenario, though without altering the general diagnosis described above. The most recent data on inflation, growth, fiscal policy, and international financial conditions suggests a more dynamic economy than previously expected. However, a third wave of the pandemic has delayed the re-opening of Colombia’s economy and brought with it a deceleration in economic activity. Detailed descriptions of these considerations and subsequent changes to the macroeconomic forecast are presented below. The expected annual decline in GDP (-0.3%) in the first quarter of 2021 appears to have been less pronounced than projected in January (-4.8%). Partial closures in January to address a second wave of COVID-19 appear to have had a less significant negative impact on the economy than previously estimated. This is reflected in figures related to mobility, energy demand, industry and retail sales, foreign trade, commercial transactions from selected banks, and the national statistics agency’s (DANE) economic tracking indicator (ISE). Output is now expected to have declined annually in the first quarter by 0.3%. Private consumption likely continued to recover, registering levels somewhat above those from the previous year, while public consumption likely increased significantly. While a recovery in investment in both housing and in other buildings and structures is expected, overall investment levels in this case likely continued to be low, and gross fixed capital formation is expected to continue to show significant annual declines. Imports likely recovered to again outpace exports, though both are expected to register significant annual declines. Economic activity that outpaced projections, an increase in oil prices and other export products, and an expected increase in public spending this year account for the upward revision to the 2021 growth forecast (from 4.6% with a range between 2% and 6% in January, to 6.0% with a range between 3% and 7% in April). As a result, the output gap is expected to be smaller and to tighten more rapidly than projected in the previous report, though it is still expected to remain in negative territory on the forecast horizon. Wide forecast intervals reflect the fact that the future evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic remains a significant source of uncertainty on these projections. The delay in the recovery of economic activity as a result of the resurgence of COVID-19 in the first quarter appears to have been less significant than projected in the January report. The central forecast scenario expects this improved performance to continue in 2021 alongside increased consumer and business confidence. Low real interest rates and an active credit supply would also support this dynamic, and the overall conditions would be expected to spur a recovery in consumption and investment. Increased growth in public spending and public works based on the national government’s spending plan (Plan Financiero del Gobierno) are other factors to consider. Additionally, an expected recovery in global demand and higher projected prices for oil and coffee would further contribute to improved external revenues and would favor investment, in particular in the oil sector. Given the above, the technical staff’s 2021 growth forecast has been revised upward from 4.6% in January (range from 2% to 6%) to 6.0% in April (range from 3% to 7%). These projections account for the potential for the third wave of COVID-19 to have a larger and more persistent effect on the economy than the previous wave, while also supposing that there will not be any additional significant waves of the pandemic and that mobility restrictions will be relaxed as a result. Economic growth in 2022 is expected to be 3%, with a range between 1% and 5%. This figure would be lower than projected in the January report (3.6% with a range between 2% and 6%), due to a higher base of comparison given the upward revision to expected GDP in 2021. This forecast also takes into account the likely effects on private demand of a fiscal adjustment of the size currently being proposed by the national government, and which would come into effect in 2022. Excess in productive capacity is now expected to be lower than estimated in January but continues to be significant and affected by high levels of uncertainty, as reflected in the wide forecast intervals. The possibility of new waves of the virus (of uncertain intensity and duration) represents a significant downward risk to projected GDP growth, and is signaled by the lower limits of the ranges provided in this report. Inflation (1.51%) and inflation excluding food and regulated items (0.94%) declined in March compared to December, continuing below the 3% target. The decline in inflation in this period was below projections, explained in large part by unanticipated increases in the costs of certain foods (3.92%) and regulated items (1.52%). An increase in international food and shipping prices, increased foreign demand for beef, and specific upward pressures on perishable food supplies appear to explain a lower-than-expected deceleration in the consumer price index (CPI) for foods. An unexpected increase in regulated items prices came amid unanticipated increases in international fuel prices, on some utilities rates, and for regulated education prices. The decline in annual inflation excluding food and regulated items between December and March was in line with projections from January, though this included downward pressure from a significant reduction in telecommunications rates due to the imminent entry of a new operator. When controlling for the effects of this relative price change, inflation excluding food and regulated items exceeds levels forecast in the previous report. Within this indicator of core inflation, the CPI for goods (1.05%) accelerated due to a reversion of the effects of the VAT-free day in November, which was largely accounted for in February, and possibly by the transmission of a recent depreciation of the peso on domestic prices for certain items (electric and household appliances). For their part, services prices decelerated and showed the lowest rate of annual growth (0.89%) among the large consumer baskets in the CPI. Within the services basket, the annual change in rental prices continued to decline, while those services that continue to experience the most significant restrictions on returning to normal operations (tourism, cinemas, nightlife, etc.) continued to register significant price declines. As previously mentioned, telephone rates also fell significantly due to increased competition in the market. Total inflation is expected to continue to be affected by ample excesses in productive capacity for the remainder of 2021 and 2022, though less so than projected in January. As a result, convergence to the inflation target is now expected to be somewhat faster than estimated in the previous report, assuming the absence of significant additional outbreaks of COVID-19. The technical staff’s year-end inflation projections for 2021 and 2022 have increased, suggesting figures around 3% due largely to variation in food and regulated items prices. The projection for inflation excluding food and regulated items also increased, but remains below 3%. Price relief measures on indirect taxes implemented in 2020 are expected to lapse in the second quarter of 2021, generating a one-off effect on prices and temporarily affecting inflation excluding food and regulated items. However, indexation to low levels of past inflation, weak demand, and ample excess productive capacity are expected to keep core inflation below the target, near 2.3% at the end of 2021 (previously 2.1%). The reversion in 2021 of the effects of some price relief measures on utility rates from 2020 should lead to an increase in the CPI for regulated items in the second half of this year. Annual price changes are now expected to be higher than estimated in the January report due to an increased expected path for fuel prices and unanticipated increases in regulated education prices. The projection for the CPI for foods has increased compared to the previous report, taking into account certain factors that were not anticipated in January (a less favorable agricultural cycle, increased pressure from international prices, and transport costs). Given the above, year-end annual inflation for 2021 and 2022 is now expected to be 3% and 2.8%, respectively, which would be above projections from January (2.3% and 2,7%). For its part, expected inflation based on analyst surveys suggests year-end inflation in 2021 and 2022 of 2.8% and 3.1%, respectively. There remains significant uncertainty surrounding the inflation forecasts included in this report due to several factors: 1) the evolution of the pandemic; 2) the difficulty in evaluating the size and persistence of excess productive capacity; 3) the timing and manner in which price relief measures will lapse; and 4) the future behavior of food prices. Projected 2021 growth in foreign demand (4.4% to 5.2%) and the supposed average oil price (USD 53 to USD 61 per Brent benchmark barrel) were both revised upward. An increase in long-term international interest rates has been reflected in a depreciation of the peso and could result in relatively tighter external financial conditions for emerging market economies, including Colombia. Average growth among Colombia’s trade partners was greater than expected in the fourth quarter of 2020. This, together with a sizable fiscal stimulus approved in the United States and the onset of a massive global vaccination campaign, largely explains the projected increase in foreign demand growth in 2021. The resilience of the goods market in the face of global crisis and an expected normalization in international trade are additional factors. These considerations and the expected continuation of a gradual reduction of mobility restrictions abroad suggest that Colombia’s trade partners could grow on average by 5.2% in 2021 and around 3.4% in 2022. The improved prospects for global economic growth have led to an increase in current and expected oil prices. Production interruptions due to a heavy winter, reduced inventories, and increased supply restrictions instituted by producing countries have also contributed to the increase. Meanwhile, market forecasts and recent Federal Reserve pronouncements suggest that the benchmark interest rate in the U.S. will remain stable for the next two years. Nevertheless, a significant increase in public spending in the country has fostered expectations for greater growth and inflation, as well as increased uncertainty over the moment in which a normalization of monetary policy might begin. This has been reflected in an increase in long-term interest rates. In this context, emerging market economies in the region, including Colombia, have registered increases in sovereign risk premiums and long-term domestic interest rates, and a depreciation of local currencies against the dollar. Recent outbreaks of COVID-19 in several of these economies; limits on vaccine supply and the slow pace of immunization campaigns in some countries; a significant increase in public debt; and tensions between the United States and China, among other factors, all add to a high level of uncertainty surrounding interest rate spreads, external financing conditions, and the future performance of risk premiums. The impact that this environment could have on the exchange rate and on domestic financing conditions represent risks to the macroeconomic and monetary policy forecasts. Domestic financial conditions continue to favor recovery in economic activity. The transmission of reductions to the policy interest rate on credit rates has been significant. The banking portfolio continues to recover amid circumstances that have affected both the supply and demand for loans, and in which some credit risks have materialized. Preferential and ordinary commercial interest rates have fallen to a similar degree as the benchmark interest rate. As is generally the case, this transmission has come at a slower pace for consumer credit rates, and has been further delayed in the case of mortgage rates. Commercial credit levels stabilized above pre-pandemic levels in March, following an increase resulting from significant liquidity requirements for businesses in the second quarter of 2020. The consumer credit portfolio continued to recover and has now surpassed February 2020 levels, though overall growth in the portfolio remains low. At the same time, portfolio projections and default indicators have increased, and credit establishment earnings have come down. Despite this, credit disbursements continue to recover and solvency indicators remain well above regulatory minimums. 1.2 Monetary policy decision In its meetings in March and April the BDBR left the benchmark interest rate unchanged at 1.75%.

The URL links to a website page in the Drexel Digital Museum (DDM) fashion image archive containing a 3D interactive panorama of an evening gown by French fashion designer Christian Lacroix with related text. This evening gown by Christian Lacroix is from his Fall 1990 collection. It is constructed from silk plain weave, printed with an abstract motif in the bright, deep colors of the local costumes of Lacroix's native Arles, France; and embellished with diamanté and insets of handkerchief edged silk chiffon. Ruffles of pleated silk organza in a neutral bird feather print and also finished with a handkerchief edge, accentuate the asymmetrical draping of the gown. Ruching, controlled by internal drawstrings and ties, creates volume and a slight pouf, a nod to 'le pouf' silhouette Lacroix popularized in his collection for Patou in 1986. Decorative boning on the front of the bodice reflects Lacroix's early education as a costume historian and his sartorial reinterpretation of historic corsets. It is from the private collection of Mari Shaw. The panorama is an HTML5 formatted version of an ultra-high resolution ObjectVR created from stitched tiles captured with GigaPan technology. It is representative the ongoing research of the DDM, an international, interdisciplinary group of researchers focused on production, conservation and dissemination of new media for exhibition of historic fashion.