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1
Hezel, Francis X., and Daniel J. Peacock. "Lee Boo of Belau: Prince in London." American Historical Review 93, no. 5 (December 1988): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1873553.
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Ballendorf, Dirk A., and Daniel J. Peacock. "Lee Boo of Belau: A Prince in London." Pacific Affairs 61, no. 2 (1988): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2759360.
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LANGDON, ROBERT. "Lee Boo of Belau: A Prince in London. DANIEL J. PEACOCK." American Ethnologist 17, no. 2 (May 1990): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1990.17.2.02a00310.
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Guitton, Matthieu J. "The Underwater Quest of Prince Lee-Char: Renewing the Hero Archetype in Star Wars." Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 31, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jrpc.2018-0045.
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Ingram, Paul O. "The Prince and the Monk: Shōtoku Worship in Shinran's Buddhism - By Kenneth Doo Young Lee." Religious Studies Review 35, no. 1 (March 2009): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2009.01330_7.x.
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Ahn, Sang Hyuk. "The Relationship of Prince Sado's Presence and Hallucinations - Focusing on the Lee Joon-ik's Film sado." CONTENTS PLUS 14, no. 6 (October 31, 2016): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14728/kcp.2016.14.06.121.
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Blumberg, Angie. "Strata of the Soul: The Queer Archaeologies of Vernon Lee and Oscar Wilde." Victoriographies 7, no. 3 (November 2017): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/vic.2017.0282.
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This essay explores Vernon Lee's ‘Amour Dure’ and ‘Prince Alberic and the Snake Lady’, as well as Oscar Wilde's ‘The Sphinx’, ‘The Truth of Masks’, and ‘The Portrait of Mr. W. H.’ to uncover how writers at the turn of the twentieth century represented encounters with material artefacts of the past to facilitate the expression of queer identity and experience. While Lee's stories address derelict material remains to expose neglected individual histories, illustrating unconventional relationships through temporal collision, Wilde's ‘The Sphinx’ adopts the exoticism of ancient Egypt to more explicitly discuss sexual transgression. Furthermore, through ‘The Truth of Masks’ and ‘The Portrait of Mr. W. H.’, Wilde can be seen to employ archaeological experience to envision queer desire. In their appropriation of the mysteries of the buried past to suggest non-normative desires buried within the self, these late-Victorian works constitute a precursor to major concepts generally associated with the twentieth century, including Freud's analogy between archaeology and psychoanalysis, and the rise of queer archaeology in the late 1980s.
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Bezio, Kelly L. "Defining Pastoral Racism in William Earle's Obi and George Keate's The Interesting History of Prince Lee Boo." Eighteenth Century 61, no. 4 (2020): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ecy.2020.0036.
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Christiansen, E. A., and E. Karl Sauer. "Red Deer Hill: a drumlinized, glaciotectonic feature near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30, no. 6 (June 1, 1993): 1224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e93-104.
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Red Deer Hill is 5 km long, 3 km wide, and 70 m high. The hill is a glaciotectonic structure formed by a single 106 m thick thrust block, presumably derived from the 80 m deep, upglacier Holmes depression. The thrust block became dislodged by displacement along a presheared horizontal gouge zone where the shearing resistance of the clay was reduced to a residual state by the first (Mennon) glaciation. The hill–depression structure was formed by the Battleford glacier, which drumlinized Red Deer Hill before depositing a veneer of till over the structure. The Holmes depression was filled with glacial Lake Saskatchewan lacustrine and deltaic sediments. Horizontal displacement along a décollement in the direction of the activating force resulted in a stress environment changing from extension to compression. In the zone of extension (Holmes depression), an active Rankine state developed and beds stretched and thinned. In the zone of compression (Red Deer Hill), conversely, a passive Rankine state developed and the beds resisted compression and thickened. Drumlinization of the thrust block occurred as lateral pressures in the block mass changed from passive (stoss slope) to active (lee slope) downglacier.
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Won, Chang-Ae. "Transition from Royal Family to Literati Class in Choson Dynasty with Reference to a case of Lee Yu-Kan Family of Duckchon-Prince Clan." NAMMYONGHAK STUDY 48 (December 30, 2015): 147–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14381/nmh.2015.12.30.48.147.
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Passchier, Sandra, Anja L. L. M. Verbers, Frederik M. Van Der Wateren, and Frans J. M. Vermeulen. "Provenance, geochemistry and grain-sizes of glacigene sediments, including the Sirius Group, and Late Genozoic Glaciol history of the southern Prince Albert Mountains, Victoria Land, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 27 (1998): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1998aog27-1-290-296.
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The southern Prince Albert Mountains, between David and Mawson Glaciers (75°30' to 76°S) in Victoria Land, Antarctica, comprise a series of nunataks with elevations ranging from 800m near the coast to 2300 m ~130 km inland. Geochemical and grain-size analyses of tills from these nunataks reveal three major groups of deposits: (1) coarse to medium sandy tills, found on Glaciolly streamlined summit plateaus of Kirk-pat rick Basalt above 2000 ma.s.l.., with geochemical compositions very similar to those of the underlying jurassic Kirkpatrick Basalt; (2) bimodal silty and sanely tills of the Sirius Group with Ferrar/Beacon-dominated geochemical compositions, at elevations of 1300-1600 m a.s.l. on striated summit plateaus and high-elevation terraces; (3) fine-grained tills with high SiO2 contents from ice-cored moraines at the lee sides of large nunataks. The geochemical composition of sandy tills from the highest summit plateaus suggests that valleys had not yet cut through the Kirkpatrick Basalt and into Beacon and Ferrar rocks at the time of deposition. These tills represent a phase of temperate glaciation prior to deposition of diatom-bearing Sirius Group tills. The latter were deposited after a first phase of landscape dissection as inferred from geochemical data. The fine-grained ice-cored moraines are late-Pleistocene basal tills. The presence of pre-Pliocene Glacial deposits on high mountain summits in the Prince Albert Mountains has implications for the interpretation of high-elevation Sirius Group sediments in other areas of the Transantarctic Mountains. It is possible that the “Sirius debate” has its origin in interpretations of both thin, barren pre-Pliocene deposits on high mountain summits and thick sequences of diatom-bearing deposits in valleys elsewhere in the Transantarctic Mountains. Both types of deposits are associated with the Sirius Group, but they belong to separate Glacial episodes.
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Tripathi, Avinash, and Neeraj Pandey. "Does impact of price endings differ for the non-green and green products? Role of product categories and price levels." Journal of Consumer Marketing 35, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2016-1838.
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Purpose The discount image associated with odd-ending prices has led to its extensive use by retailers. The purpose of this study is to assess the impacts and applications of nine-ending vs round-ending prices on the purchase of green and non-green products at different price levels and under different purchase motivations. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments are conducted. The first experiment is a 2 (price ending: nine-ending vs round-ending) × 2 (product appeal: green vs non-green) between-subjects study; the second experiment is a 2 (price ending: nine-ending vs round-ending) × 2 (price level: low price vs high price) × 2 (product appeal: green vs non-green) between-subjects study; and the third experiment examined buyers’ preferences of price endings regarding the purchase of green products having either utility (utilitarian) or pleasure (hedonic) motivation. Findings This research highlights that consumers prefer zero-ending prices for green products and pleasure motivation products, but they prefer odd endings for low-priced and utilitarian products. These results support the increased reception of round-ending prices. Accordingly, this study contributes to the literature by providing a boundary condition for odd-ending prices. Specifically, the study finds that the effect of nine-ending prices becomes weaker as the price of the product increases. Practical implications The findings of this study have practical implications for managers, as the results indicate that pricing green products and high-quality perception products using round digits and pricing low-priced and utility perception products using odd digits will increase consumers’ purchase intentions. Moreover, pricing the products using round-ending prices will reduce the perception of low quality and deter brand loyalty emanating from a low-priced/discount image of a product. Originality/value This research contributes to theoretical and practical aspects of behavioural pricing literature. This research uncovers the buyers’ distinct preferences for zero-ending prices and odd-ending prices when purchasing different products based on different motivations and varied price levels. This is the first research of its kind to explore and compare the impact of psychological pricing on green products. The study also resolves a contradiction in past literature regarding the use of nine-ending prices by providing boundary conditions.
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Thompson Chaudhry, Theresa, and Azam Amjad Chaudhry. "The Effects of Rising Food and Fuel Costs on Poverty in Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 13, Special Edition (September 1, 2008): 117–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2008.v13.isp.a8.
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The dramatic increase in international food and fuel prices in recent times is a crucial issue for developing countries and the most vulnerable to these price shocks are the poorest segments of society. In countries like Pakistan, the discussion has focused on the impact of substantially higher food and fuel prices on poverty. This paper used PSLM and MICS household level data to analyze the impact of higher food and energy prices on the poverty head count and the poverty gap ratio in Pakistan. Simulated food and energy price shocks present some important results: First, the impact of food price increases on Pakistani poverty levels is substantially greater than the impact of energy price increases. Second, the impact of food price inflation on Pakistani poverty levels is significantly higher for rural populations as compared to urban populations. Finally, food price inflation can lead to significant increases in Pakistani poverty levels: For Pakistan as a whole, a 20% increase in food prices would lead to an 8% increase in the poverty head count.
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Tan, Wei Yu Wayne. "The Prince and the Monk: Sh?toku Worship in Shinran’s Buddhism, by Kenneth Doo Young Lee, State University of New York Press, 2007. 242pp., hb., $74.00/ £53.25, ISBN-13: 9780791470213; pb. $25.95/£16.25. ISBN-13: 9780791470220." Buddhist Studies Review 27, no. 2 (January 25, 2011): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsrv.v27i2.245.
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Jaber, Mazen, and Kylie Jaber. "Cause-related marketing and the effect of 99-ending pricing." Journal of Consumer Marketing 37, no. 3 (January 16, 2020): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-12-2018-2993.
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Purpose Cause-related marketing (CRM) campaigns have become common features of the marketplace. CRM often involves a for-profit business agreeing to contribute a specified amount to a cause when the business’s customers engage in revenue-generating exchanges. Despite the central role that price is likely to play in a consumer’s decision to purchase or not to purchase an offer associated with a CRM campaign, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, very few have examined price framing effects in a CRM context. This paper aims to explore the effect of rightmost digits manipulation in prices on participation intentions for CRM campaigns. Design/methodology/approach In Study 1, 241 college students participated in an online experiment for class credit. The experiment used a 3 (price level: low, medium and high) × 2 (price ending: 99 ending and no ending) between-subjects design. The dependent variable was participation intention, and several moderators and mediators were considered. PROCESS was used to test the moderated mediation. In Study 2, 351 subjects participated in an online experiment with a design similar to the earlier study. In Study 2, however, new mediators were added and the moderated mediation was tested using SPSS PROCESS macro. Findings This research shows that price ending impacts the effectiveness of CRM as a tactic on consumers’ purchase intentions. Consistent with the authors’ prediction, this study shows that consumers exposed to a 99-ending CRM offer are more likely to participate in the offer compared to consumers exposed to a no-ending priced offer. Offer attractiveness, elaboration and corporate social responsibility were also shown to have a strong effect on participation intentions. Practical implications This research indicates that for moderately priced products, 99-ending prices led to an increased influence on consumer purchase intentions; on the other hand, no-ending/even-ending prices were more effective for high-priced products. Thus, the use of the right digit effect by managers in a CRM context as way of increasing consumers’ participation likelihood is likely to be more successful for moderately priced offers. Originality/value This research extends previous work on CRM and right digit effect in pricing. This study’s findings, in both Studies 1 and 2, demonstrate that the effectiveness of CRM campaigns on consumer choice is dependent on the offer price ending. Consumers exposed to the no-ending priced CRM offers tend to be affected less by CRM campaigns compared to consumers exposed to 99-ending offers, who perceive the offer as more attractive.
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Werenfels, Martha L. "Lee Nelson's Carpenters' Price and Rule Books." APT Bulletin 27, no. 1/2 (1996): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1504498.
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Baum, Sandy, and Saul Schwartz. "Is Postsecondary Education Affordable?" International Higher Education, no. 70 (January 1, 2013): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2013.70.8706.
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The evolution of higher education from a privilege for the elite to an economic and social necessity for broad segments of the population has created financing challenges, along with new opportunities, for students and their families. Governments that were able to provide free or low-priced access to universities for the select few have found it necessary to charge rising levels of tuition, even as less-affluent citizens aspire to enroll. In a number of countries—including Canada, Chile, and England—students have taken to the streets to protest tuition policies. Students are less militant in the United States; but there, as elsewhere, rising college prices and stagnating incomes have led to the widespread perception that postsecondary education is “unaffordable” for more and more people.Yet, it is not obvious what “unaffordable” means. What price is relevant—the published price of postsecondary study, the price people actually pay, or the price people should be expected to pay? Efforts to increase educational opportunity can be hindered if policymakers do not have a clear idea of the meaning of an “affordable” or “unaffordable” education.
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Husain, Fazal, and Tariq Mahmood. "Causality between Money and Prices: Evidence from Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 4II (December 1, 1998): 1155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.1155-1161.
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The relationship between money and prices has been a debated issue among economic schools of thought particularly between the Monetarists and the Keynesians. The monetarists claim that changes in money stocks cause changes in price levels. In other words, the direction of causation runs from money to prices implying that prices can be controlled through money supply. The keynesians, on the other hand, argue that money is important but is not responsible for changes in price levels. Instead, structural factors play important role suggesting that money supply is not an effective instrument to control price changes. The causal relationship between money and prices has been extensively tested in various countries. For example, Brillembourg and Khan (1979) examined this relationship in USA. Using Sims procedure for the period 1870-1975, they found unidirectional causality running from money to prices. Similar directions of causation are reported by Lee and Li (1983) and Ramachandran and Kamaiah (1992) who investigated the causal relationship in Singapore and India respectively. On the other hand, Aghevli and Khan (1978), while investigating the causal relationship in Brazil, Columbia, the Dominican Republic, and Thailand, found bidirectional causality between money and prices in these countries.
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Chen, Xi, and Michael Funke. "Real-Time Warning Signs of Emerging and Collapsing Chinese House Price Bubbles." National Institute Economic Review 223 (February 2013): R39—R48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011322300105.
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The recent increase in Chinese house prices has led to concerns that China is vulnerable to asset price shocks. In this paper, we apply recently developed recursive unit root tests to spot the beginning and the end of potential speculative bubbles in Chinese house price cycles. Overall, we find that except for 2009–10 actual house prices are not significantly disconnected from fundamentals. Thus, the evidence for speculative house price bubbles in China is in general weak.
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van Geuns, Edward. "The dawn of LNG price reviews in Asia Pacific." APPEA Journal 56, no. 2 (2016): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj15094.
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LNG is often sold under long-term contracts with strong volume commitments from both sides, and a cost linked to the oil price. In volatile commodity markets, parties are under pressure to try to review the price under the agreement, either on the basis of price review clauses, hardship clauses, or by relying on general legal principles. This leads to great commercial and legal challenges for both buyers and sellers. The experience in Europe with gas price reviews can be a source of knowledge for companies on how to deal with price reviews. Long-term gas contracts in Europe also used to be linked to oil prices. This led to a great number of price reviews when oil prices started to soar as of 2005. After that, a new wave of price reviews arose when gas prices decoupled from oil prices in 2009. European gas companies are still dealing with the resolution of those reviews. On the basis of a number of case studies, this extended abstract sets out the key points that have been learned from a decade of price reviews in Europe with a focuses on practical advice for commercial and legal decision makers. It discusses how negotiations on price reviews are best approached; whether parties should voluntarily disclose confidential information about prices (also in view of competition law), and how arbitrators deal with a gas price review.
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Bawa, Sani, Ismaila S. Abdullahi, Danlami Tukur, Sani I. Barda, and Yusuf J. Adams. "Asymmetric Impact of Oil Price on Inflation in Nigeria." Central Bank of Nigeria Journal of Applied Statistics, Vol. 11 No. 2 (April 8, 2021): 85–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.33429/cjas.11220.4/8.
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This study examines the impact of oil price shocks on inflation in Nigeria. A NonLinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach was applied on quarterly data spanning 1999Q1 to 2018Q4. Results showed that oil price increases led to increase in headline, core and food measures of inflation in Nigeria. However, a decline in oil price resulted in a decline in the marginal cost of production and culminated in moderation of domestic inflation. Furthermore, negative oil price shocks led to higher inflation in Nigeria when exchange rate is dropped from the models, indicating that exchange rate absorbed the impact of oil price declines earlier, as lower oil prices culminated in lower external reserve, depreciation of the naira and ultimately higher inflationary pressures. Also, core inflation tends to respond more to oil price increases than food inflation. These results were robust to changes in econometric specifications and sample period. The study recommends that monetary policy actions of the Central Bank of Nigeria should focus on taming core inflation in periods of substantial oil price increases while strengthening its efforts at ensuring domestic sustainability in food production through its agricultural intervention programmes to further minimize the impact of international oil prices on food inflation. Similarly, the fiscal authorities should ensure that the fiscal stance is not excessively procyclical in periods of rising oil prices.
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Ishak Ramli, Vidyarto Nugroho,. "Krisis Ekonomi Krisis Politik Dunia Dan Ihsg." Jurnal Ekonomi 21, no. 1 (October 23, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/je.v21i1.382.
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The global economic crisis of 2008-2010 had an impact on the global economic slowdown. Plus the political crisis in the countries of the Middle East region called the Arab Spring had become the center of world attention, because it also lowers economic conditions and corporate America and in other developing countries. By using daily data price of crude oil, the price of gold and exchange rates as well Rp./USD IDX Composite Index from the year 2010 - 2012, tested the impact of crude oil prices, global gold prices on the Stock Exchange Composite Index. The result was at the time of global economic and political crisis in oil prices and the world gold price positively affects JCI opposed to when normal conditions. When the economic crisis plus the political crisis that led to the oil price increases, the share price (CSPI) on the Stock Exchange also increased. Funds drawn investors from investing in the United States and other developing countries is invested in Indonesia so that stock prices rise along with oil prices and gold prices. While the exchange rate negatively affects Rp./USD JCI Stock Exchange, as a stronger rupiah lead JCI Stock Exchange also increased
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Ogunmola, Omotoso Oluseye, Abiodun Elijah Obayelu, and Sakiru Oladele Akinbode. "Volatility and Co‑movement: an Analysis of Food Commodity Prices in Nigeria." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 50, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ats-2017-0014.
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AbstractThis study explains volatility as a measure and interaction of the possible movement in a particular economic variable. Prices change rapidly in adjustment to market circumstances. Food prices hike experienced overyears has resulted in widespread menace which led to increase in food price volatility. However, volatility and co-movement had generally been lower for the past two decades than for the previous ones. Wide price movements over a short period of time connote high volatility, rendering the producers and consumers vulnerable. Excess volatility can be subjected to sector ineffectiveness and is commodity specific. Producers and processors are mostly concerned about increased price volatility, which greatly exposed them to unpredictable risks and uncertainty associated with price changes. This study examined the volatility and co-movement of food commodity prices in Nigeria using price series data on rice, maize, sorghum, cassava and yam for the period of 1966 to 2013. The data were analysed using Vector Autoregressive Model to forecast food price volatility and to examine the food commodity prices that Granger cause food price volatility in other food commodities. The GARCH regression model is used to estimate the magnitude of volatility which revealed that, food commodity prices exhibit high volatility and there is persistent increase in prices over the period of study. The Nigerian food commodity prices have experienced high fluctuations over the period; therefore, the study recommends proper storage facilities and infrastructure for the food distribution corporations in Nigeria.
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Khan, Safi Ullah. "Role of the Futures Market on Volatility and Price Discovery of the Spot Market: Evidence from Pakistan’s Stock Market." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2006): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2006.v11.i2.a6.
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This paper focuses on the role of the financial futures market in the volatility of Pakistan’s stock market and determines whether the stock futures price is capable of providing some relevant information for predicting the spot price. The Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) approach is used to measure volatility in the spot and the futures market and to analyze the relationships between spot and futures market volatility. Causality and feedback relationships between the two markets are analyzed and determined through the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Empirical results support the evidence that spot prices generally lead the futures prices in incorporating new information, and that volatility in the futures market does not increase volatility in the spot market. Rather the study finds more consistent support for the alternative hypothesis that volatility in the futures market may be an outgrowth of the volatile spot market.
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Anis Erma Wulandari, Harianto Harianto, Bustanul Arifin, and Heny K Suwarsinah. "The Impact of Futures Price Volatility to Spot Market : Case of Coffee in Indonesia." Jurnal Organisasi dan Manajemen 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33830/jom.v15i1.5.2019.
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Indonesia is the world 4th largest coffee producer after Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia with export potential and higher national consumption concluded in 2017 while the coffee production was relatively stagnant. This was led the producer to not only the production risk but also the price risk which then emphasize the importance of futures markets existence as price risk management. This study is performed to examine the impact of futures price volatility to spot market using ARCH-GARCH toward primary data of coffee futures and spot prices of 1172 trading days starting from January 2014 to June 2018. The ARCH-GARCH analysis result indicates that futures price volatility and monetary variables are impacting the volatility of spot price. Arabica spot price volatility is impacted by volatility of Arabica futures price, inflation and exchange rate while Robusta spot price is impacted by Robusta futures price volatility and exchange rate. This is confirming that futures market plays dominant role in spot price discovery. Local futures and spot prices are also found to be significantly influenced by volatility of offshore futures prices which indicates that emerging country futures market is actually influenced by offshore futures market which the price itself used as price reference.
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Dastagiri, M. B., and L. Bhavigna. "The Theory of Agricultural Price Bubble & Price Crash in Global Economy." Applied Economics and Finance 6, no. 5 (August 21, 2019): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v6i5.4464.
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Agricultural prices play greater role in living Economics. Since many decades’ farmers faced declining agricultural prices and low prices in developing countries. Therefore, in these countries agricultural price policies are under closer appraisal. Government and policy makers worry about inflation. Economic precision is required in determining prices. This understanding led to conception of the study. The specific objectives are to review various agricultural price theories, research evidences and construct the theory of agricultural price bubble and crash and their effect on macro economy and suggest measures to improve. The study reviews various agricultural price theories, concepts, policies, research gaps and do meta-analysis and formulated the theory of Agricultural prices bubble and price crash. Since 1950, many development economists and practitioners prophesy in developing countries is that low agricultural commodities prices discourage poverty alleviation. Many countries are unable to make successful pricing policies due to there is not enough operative methodological and theoretical support for decision-making. According to the economic theory of cooperativism, the entities come closer to the pecking order theory. Unexpected changes and changes in regulations can have significant impact on the profitability of farming activities. “Demand channel" is the crucial factor in elucidation of commodity price growth. Future prices moments in agriculture have fat-tailed distributions and display quick and unpredicted price jumps. World Trade Organization study highlights the importance of strengthening multilateral disciplines on both import and export trade interventions to food price fluctuations to reduce beggar-thy-neighbor unilateral trade policy. The theory of NAFTA regionalism did not lead to regionalization and not increasing share of intraregional international trade. In EU countries land rents in modern agriculture causing upward trend in agricultural land prices. Information friction, agricultural supports, agricultural price & trade policies, agricultural price transmission are responsible price fluctuations. In economic theory, asymmetric price transmission has been the subject of considerable attention in agricultural gaps. Selection of forecasting models are based on chaos theory. Chaos in agricultural wholesale price data provides a good theoretical basis for selecting forecasting models. This theory can be applied to agricultural prices forecasting. Novelties in agricultural products fluctuations research offer scientific basis in planning of agricultural production.
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Lojek, Helen, and Brian Rosenberg. "Mary Lee Settle's Beulah Quintet: The Price of Freedom." Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 47, no. 1/2 (1993): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1347566.
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Abukov, Sergey Navilievich. "Kashin princes in 60-80s of the XIV century." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201762206.
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In the following paper the author researches the significance of Kashin as an important centre of the Tver Principality during the reign of Grand prince Vasily Mikhailovich and the confrontation between Moscow and Tver, Kashin unstable position of the princes, caused by the struggle of parties among the local ruling elite, caught between the two centers of power. As a result, the part of the elite continued to focus on Tver, while the other gave preference to Moscow. The latter position prevailed, which led to the refusal of the Prince of Kashin from the treaty with Mikhail and his involvement in the campaign against Tver in 1375. Special attention is paid to the growth of local separatism, the fate of the Kashin Principality under the treaty of 1375, securing its secession from the supreme power of Tver, as well as the short period of its formal independence and the circumstances of its return to Tver in 1382. The influence of the Kashin princes kinship ties, especially the marriage of Kashin prince Mikhail Vasilievich and the Moscow princess Vasilisa Semenovna, is also analyzed, the reasons, circumstances and significance of this marriage in the light of Moscow-Tver relations in the 60-80s of the XIV century in the general context of conjugal unions of the two leading principalities of North-Eastern Rus.
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Afzal, Mohammad. "Priced Separation and Supply-Price Specification of Exports: Evidence from Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2002.v7.i1.a6.
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Introduction Empirical studies of international trade have concentrated on singleequation models to analyse the demand relationship for imports and exports [Houthakker and Magee (1969). Naqvi et al (1983), Bnhmani-Oskooee (1984,1986)]. These studies have assumed that the imports and exports price elasticities facing any individual country are infinite or at least large. The assumption of infinite supply price elasticity may be acceptable for the world supply of imports to a single country. Export demand and supply functions have been estimated in a simultaneous equation framework by Khan (1974), Goldstein and Khan (1978). Dunlevy (1980), Arize (1986.1988). Balassa et al [1989]. Anwar (1985), and Khan and Saqib (1993)] for both developed and underdeveloped countries.
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Mangla, Inayat U., and Kalim Hyder. "Global Uncertainty and Monetary Policy Effectiveness in Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 22, Special Edition (January 1, 2017): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2017.v22.isp.a5.
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This article investigates monetary policy effectiveness in Pakistan in the presence of external uncertainties stemming from the economic growth of developed economies and international oil price movements. We estimate a structural VAR model to gauge the impact of international oil prices and global demand on key macroeconomic variables in Pakistan. Our findings suggest that monetary policy remains an effective tool for controlling inflation. An increase in oil prices (supply shock) leads to higher real policy rates, real exchange rate depreciation, an economic growth slowdown and rising inflation. A global demand surge leads to higher real policy rates, real exchange rate appreciation, economic growth and rising inflation. Real policy rates adjust upward in response to inflation and real exchange rate shocks. The real exchange rate depreciates if inflation increases. This indicates that the monetary authorities in Pakistan are generally able to stabilize consumer prices and real exchange rates in the economy.
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Amjad Chaudhry, Azam. "A Panel Data Analysis of Electricity Demand in Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 15, Special Edition (September 1, 2010): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2010.v15.isp.a5.
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This paper looks at the economy-wide demand and the firm level demand for electricity in Pakistan. The economy wide estimation of electricity demand uses panel data from 63 countries from 1998-2008, and finds that the elasticity of demand for electricity with respect to per capita income is approximately 0.69, which implies that a 1% increase in per capita income will lead to a 0.69% increase in the demand for electricity. The firm level analysis uses firm level data from the World Bank’s Enterprise Survey for Pakistan and finds that the price elasticity of demand for electricity across all firms is approximately -0.57, which implies that a 1% increase in electricity prices will lead to a 0.57% decrease in electricity demand across firms. Across sectors, the textile sector has the highest price elasticity of demand (-0.81) while the price elasticity of demand for firms in the electricity and electronics sector is the smallest (-0.31). Finally, firm level data is also used to estimate production functions in order to estimate the impact of electricity shortages on manufacturing output.
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Rahim, Sikander. "What Does the Exchange Rate Do? A Status Symbol?" LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 19, Special Edition (September 1, 2014): 35–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2014.v19.isp.a3.
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This paper aims to assess the harmful impacts of exchange rate depreciations on Pakistan’s economy, including impacts on international capital movements, wages, the domestic price level, and development. Devaluation of a currency in terms of foreign currencies or metallic standards was for long considered to be undesirable and, if unavoidable, a sign of failure. Attitudes have since changed and devaluation is thought to bring advantages, especially by making economies more competitive exporters. This paper is intended to show that it has disadvantages that outweigh any supposed advantages, notably its effects on inflation, income distribution, service on foreign debt and incentives. It does so by describing in concrete terms the relations between foreign and domestic prices and the costs of untradeable goods and services that are components of the price of any good in any domestic price index. It also discusses the motives, official and unofficial, that have prompted the monetary authorities of Pakistan to make a practice of regular depreciation of the rupee and to question their justification.
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Rahim, Sikander. "The Exchange Rate and its Effects An Overvalued Quantity?" LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 3, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.1998.v3.i2.a7.
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I. Introduction The Exchange Rate and Competitive Goods The exchange rate poses an awkward problem; if the same goods are produced by and traded between different countries and if international trade is competitive, the prices of such goods in any country will be the same, regardless of the country of origin. The law of one price must hold within each country; exchange rate movements cannot alter the relative prices in the same country of competing goods according to country of origin. There is, then, no general a priori reason why purchasers in a given country should choose the product of one country rather than the competing product of another and the standard argument, that changes in exchange rates alter the volumes of imports and exports through such relative price changes, cannot hold for such goods. The conclusion is that, if most of the imports and exports of a country are goods that have international competition, there is no reason that exchange rate changes will have predictable effects on its balance of trade.
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A. S. Choudharyv, Munir, and Muhammad Aslam Chaudhry. "Effects of the Exchange Rate on Output and Price Level: Evidence from the Pakistani Economy." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 49–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2007.v12.i1.a3.
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The question of whether devaluation of the currency affects output positively or negatively has received considerable attention both from academic and empirical researchers. A number of empirical studies have supported the contractionary devaluation hypothesis using pooled time series data from a large number of heterogeneous countries. Since the effects of devaluation on output and the price level may not be uniform across all developing countries, the empirical results can not be generalized for all countries. In addition, almost none of the empirical studies used to test the contractionary devaluation hypothesis separate the effects of devaluation from import prices. Thus, a country specific study is needed that separate the effects of devaluation from the import price effects. This paper uses a VEC model to analyze the effects of the exchange rate on output and the price level in Pakistan for the period 1975-2005. Our analysis shows that devaluation has a positive effect on output but a negative effect on the price level. Thus, the evidence presented in this paper does not support the contractionary devaluation hypothesis for the Pakistani economy.
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Wang, Shing-Yi. "State Misallocation and Housing Prices: Theory and Evidence from China." American Economic Review 101, no. 5 (August 1, 2011): 2081–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.5.2081.
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This paper examines the equilibrium price effects of the privatization of housing assets that were previously owned and allocated by the state. I develop a theoretical framework that shows that privatization can have ambiguous effects on prices in the private market, and that the degree of misallocation of the assets prior to privatization determines the subsequent price effects. I test the predictions of the model using a large-scale housing reform in China. The results suggest that the removal of price distortions allowed households to increase their consumption of housing and led to an increase in equilibrium housing prices. (JEL L33, O18, P25, R31, R38)
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Rani, Saima, David Vanzetti, Elizabeth Petersen, and Muhammad Qasim. "Estimation of Supply and Demand Elasticities for Major Crops Produced in Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2020.v25.i1.a5.
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Thisarticlestudiesthe supply and demand of major Pakistani crops. We estimatesupply elasticities usinga Nerlovian partialadjustment processanddemand elasticities usingthe Deaton and MuellbauerAlmost Ideal Demand Systems (AIDS). We usesecondary data from various Household IntegratedEconomicSurveysand Agricultural Statistics of Pakistan. Our estimated supplyelasticities with respect to price liebetween 0.1 and 0.5 for all crops. Pulses tend to have higher elasticities than traditional crops such as wheat and rice. Demand elasticities with respect to price tend to beinelastic, with the exception of poultry andfruit which appearto be luxury items. Pulses are income inelastic, implying that consumption may not rise significantly asper capita incomesand thatthe introduction of yield enhancing varietieswill lead to lower prices.
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Maiorov, Alexander V. "The Alliance between Byzantium and Rus’ Before the Conquest of Constantinople by the Crusaders in 1204." Russian History 42, no. 3 (September 3, 2015): 272–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04203002.
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The Galician-Volhynian prince Roman Mstislavich became the main military ally of the Byzantine Empire in the early 13th century. The circumstances and the time of Roman’s campaign in Niketas Choniates’ account are the same as in the Russian chronicles reporting the steppe campaigns of the prince. All the Byzantine sources name Roman Mstislavich the “igemon of Galicia”. The term igemon, unlike other Byzantine titles of Rusian princes, meant the Emperor’s ally and relative (or in-law). The alliance between Alexios III and Roman led also to more stable relations with the Rusian population of the Lower Dniester and the Lower Danube. The military aid that Roman rendered to Alexios III was guaranteed by Roman’s marriage to the niece of Alexios III, the elder daughter of the overthrown emperor Isaak II.
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Barrell, Ray, Simon Kirby, and Rebecca Riley. "The Current Position of UK House Prices." National Institute Economic Review 189 (July 2004): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795010418900105.
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House price inflation in the UK has been particularly high in recent years. This has led to much discussion concerning the future path of house price growth. Whether the future scenario involves a moderation or instead a sharp correction in house prices has important implications for the short to medium path of household consumption expenditure.
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Golev, Konstantin. "Intra-Mongol Diplomacy and Witch-Hunt during the Dissolution of the Empire: the Witchcraft Trial at the Court of Hülegü." Eurasian Studies 17, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 327–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685623-12340079.
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Abstract The present paper examines the events that led to the establishment of the Ilkhanate under Hülegü as well as the beginning of the war between the Hülegüids and the Jöchids of the Golden Horde. The article discusses the struggle between the two branches of Chinggis Khan’s Golden Lineage during the march of Hülegü through South West Asia. This process reached its apex when Hülegü decided to get rid of the Jöchid contingents in his army together with the princes that headed them. This happened because they were a serious obstacle on the way towards establishing his empire in Iran and the adjacent areas. Hülegü used an accusation in witchcraft as an official pretext to remove fellow Chinggisid prince (or princes).
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Atta-ul-Islam Abrar, Muhammad, Muhsin Ali, Uzma Bashir, and Karim Khan. "Energy Pricing Policies and Consumers’ Welfare: Evidence from Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2019.v24.i1.a1.
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This study analyzes the impact of energy pricing policies on consumers’ welfare in rural and urban Pakistan. The study is based on pooled data from the Household Integrated Economic Survey for the period 1984/85 to 2011/12. We use the Almost Ideal Demand System to estimate parameters and price elasticities. The welfare analysis suggests that the rise in energy prices has been greater than the rise in the general consumer price index over this period. Therefore, consumers have incurred high expenditures in all years from 1984 to 2012, with a consistent welfare loss for all consumers with a decreasing trend. Additionally, the welfare loss to rural consumers is greater than that to urban consumers.
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Borawski, Piotr, Marta Guth, Wojciech Truszkowski, Dagmara Zuzek, Aneta Beldycka-Borawska, Bartosz Mickiewicz, Elzbieta Szymanska, Jayson Kennedy Harper, and James Willam Dunn. "Milk price changes in Poland in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 1 (January 27, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/178/2019-agricecon.
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Changes in the retail prices of pasteurised milk, purchase prices, and the price relationship between retail prices for pasteurised milk and other food products are analysed for Poland during the period from 2004–2018. In addition, the paper presents factors affecting changes in milk prices in Poland and characterises the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the milk market. The adoption of a long period of analysis allows for the study of periods of both high and low variability. The data analysis uses various methods including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and the Autoregressive-Moving-Average Model (ARMA). The milk market showed significant response because it was one of the few that was strongly administered by the European Union. These policies led to a significant increase in milk prices in the analysed period. The average price of pasteurised food milk increased by 63% in 2003–2015, and the purchase farm price of milk increased by 91.74%. The situation changed when the production limits were eliminated after 2015. In the initial period after quotas ended, the price of milk decreased and then increased. Similar changes were observed in other EU countries. Even short-term fluctuations associated with economic crises did not significantly affect the milk market.
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Shah, Hassnain, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Tariq Azeem, Abdul Majid Abdul Majid, and Abid Mehmood. "The Impact of Gypsum Application on Groundnut Yield in Rainfed Pothwar: An Economic Perspective." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2012.v17.i1.a5.
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This study presents an economic analysis of experimental on-farm data on the yield effect of gypsum on groundnut production in Pakistan’s Pothwar region. The data indicates that groundnut pod yield increases significantly with the application of gypsum at 500 kg/ha for both local and improved (chakori) varieties of groundnut. The higher net benefits generate a marginal rate of return of up to 132 percent for local and 202 percent for improved varieties of groundnut. We carry out a sensitivity analysis and minimum returns analysis, and find, respectively, that the recommended application is capable of withstanding price variability and variability in yield. Since price structure changes more rapidly than technology, recommendations should be based on an analysis of returns under varying input and output prices.
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Salvo, Francesca, Marina Ciuna, and Manuela De Ruggiero. "Property prices index numbers and derived indices." Property Management 32, no. 2 (April 14, 2014): 139–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-03-2013-0021.
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Purpose – A useful instrument to understand and examine the inner workings of the property trade is devising index numbers of property prices based on historical sequences of market prices. The present work aims at the definition of index numbers of property prices, proposing an innovative methodology compared with what usually recurs in literature. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis proposed, based on the mechanisms of formation of stock indices, investigates the analogies between stock and property information, according to the peculiarities of the property trade, leading to a methodology approach, derived from Simple Price Index Method, able to consider possible anomalies in the collected sample of purchase prices, using weighting coefficients based on reliability coefficients of sale prices of properties. Findings – The novel approach proposed has led to the definition of a original methodology useful to appraise property price index numbers and other derived indicators, effective for interpreting and identifying real estate market dynamics in a given area of study, regarded as a standard estimating methodology applicable to any geographical context and kind of property. Practical implications – Methodology proposed in this work is useful to revalue real estate sales price and to consider presence of anomalous sales price in property samples. Originality/value – The calculation of index numbers of prices is usually based on Simple Price Index Methods. Literature shows large use of different methods, such as Repeat Sales Method, Hedonic Price Method, Repeat Value Model. The present work propose an innovative methodology able to detect the presence of possible anomalous market prices in the representative sample, using an appropriate vector of weights in order to take into account the level of reliability of market data.
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Bin Jamil, Haris, Aisha Ghazi Aurakzai, and Muhammad Subayyal. "Can Analysts Really Forecast? Evidence from the Karachi Stock Exchange." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2014.v19.i1.a4.
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This study examines the impact of analysts’ recommendations on stock prices listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange for the period 2006–12. The recommendations are extracted from the daily Morning Shout report published by Khadim Ali Shah Bukhari Securities Ltd (KASB), which provides buy and sell recommendations for different stocks. We use the market model to estimate the abnormal returns around the recommendation dates for these securities. The study also investigates whether the abnormal returns are due to price pressure or information content. We find that investors earn abnormal returns on the basis of analysts’ recommendations for these securities. The results are robust in considering only the sub-sample subsequent to 2008’s global financial crisis, and are also consistent with the information content hypothesis and price pressure hypothesis.
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Schneider, Henry S. "The Bidder's Curse: Comment." American Economic Review 106, no. 4 (April 1, 2016): 1182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20120767.
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The prices of auctions on eBay often exceed eBay's fixed-price “Buy-It-Now” prices. I investigate the causes of this overbidding, focusing on the interpretation in Malmendier and Lee (2011) that the observed overbidding cannot be explained “without allowing for nonstandard preferences or beliefs” and that the “strongest direct evidence points to limited attention.” Using data from their study and new data from eBay, I provide evidence that a key condition for identifying nonstandard behavior may not have been met, and that the observed overbidding is not inconsistent with standard behavior once we allow for the likely presence of search costs. (JEL D12, D44, D83)
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Hoch, Stephen J., Xavier Drèze, and Mary E. Purk. "EDLP, Hi-Lo, and Margin Arithmetic." Journal of Marketing 58, no. 4 (October 1994): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800402.
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The authors examine the viability of an “everyday low price” (EDLP) strategy in the supermarket grocery industry. In two series of field experiments in 26 product categories conducted in an 86-store grocery chain, they find that a 10% EDLP category price decrease led to a 3% sales volume increase, whereas a 10% Hi-Lo price increase led to a 3% sales decrease. Because consumer demand did not respond much to changes in everyday price, they found large differences in profitability. An EDLP policy reduced profits by 18%, and Hi-Lo pricing increased profits by 15%. In a third study, the authors increase the frequency of shallow price deals in the context of higher everyday prices and find a 3% increase in unit volume and a 4% increase in profit. Finally, they draw a conceptual distinction between “value pricing” at the back door and EDLP pricing at the front door.
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Girik Allo, Albertus, Elan Satiawan, and Lincolin Arsyad Arsyad. "THE IMPACT OF RISING FOOD PRICES ON FARMERS’ WELFARE IN INDONESIA." Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business 33, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jieb.17303.
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Food prices regularly change due to various factors such as the policy on imports. This paper analyzes the impact of changes in food prices including rice, red onions, and garlic, on farmers’ welfare. The Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) was used to estimate the demand function for food commodities, and the Compensating Variation (CV) was used to estimate the impact of price changes both immediately and in the short-term. This study contributes an idea of how the government makes its policies on food prices and imports, and how they provide benefits for farmers in Indonesia. Data were collected from the 2014 National Socio-economic Survey (SUSENAS). The research results indicated that income improvement led to the increase in rice, red onion and garlic consumption. The dynamics of income, own-price and cross-price elasticity varied, depending on demography, the social economic condition, and the geographic location of the household. The short-term impact of imported products on welfare changes was larger than the immediate impact.
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Khan, Gulzar, Adiqa Kiani, and Ather Maqsood Ahmed. "Globalization, Endogenous Oil Price Shocks and Chinese Economic Activity." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 22, no. 2 (January 1, 2017): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2017.v22.i2.a2.
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Using a structural vector autoregressive model, this study investigates the extent to which international oil price shocks have influenced the Chinese economy over the period 1991–2014. Given China’s intensified macroeconomic activity and its increasing demand for energy resources, we also examine the endogenous response of international oil prices to economic conditions in the country. To that end, we derive and empirically estimate a small open-economy New Keynesian model for China and the rest of the world. Our results show that the Chinese economy is relatively more sensitive to global economic conditions than to domestic policy actions. Global productivity shocks appear to be the most important variable causing Chinese macroeconomic activity through trade, where oil prices impact aggregate demand negatively.
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Bai, Liang, and Sebastian Stumpner. "Estimating US Consumer Gains from Chinese Imports." American Economic Review: Insights 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180358.
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We estimate the size of US consumer gains from Chinese imports during 2004–2015. Using barcode-level price and expenditure data, we construct inflation rates under CES preferences, and use Chinese exports to Europe as an instrument. We find significant negative effects of Chinese imports on US prices. This effect is driven by both changes in the prices of existing goods and the entry of new goods, and it is similar across consumer groups by income or region. A simple benchmarking exercise suggests that Chinese imports led to a 0.19 percentage point annual reduction in the price index for consumer tradables. (JEL E21, E31, F14, P33)
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Pavlovic, S., M. Starovic, S. Stojanovic, G. Aleksic, S. Kojic, M. Zdravkovic, and D. Josic. "The First Report of Stolbur Phytoplasma Associated with Phyllody of Calendula officinalis in Serbia." Plant Disease 98, no. 8 (August 2014): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-14-0085-pdn.
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Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is native to southern Europe. Compounds of marigold flowers exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor-promoting, and cytotoxic activities (4). In Serbia, pot marigold is cultivated as an important medicinal and ornamental plant. Typical phyllody, virescence, proliferation of axillary buds, and witches' broom symptoms were sporadically observed in 2011 in Pancevo plantation, Serbia (44°51′49″ N, 20°39′33″ E, 80 m above sea level). Until 2013, the number of uniformly distributed affected pot marigold plants reached 20% in the field. Due to the lack of seed production, profitability of the cultivation was seriously affected. Leaf samples from 10 symptomatic and 4 symptomless marigold plants were collected and total nucleic acid was extracted from midrib tissue (3). Direct PCR and nested PCR were carried out with primer pairs P1/16S-SR and R16F2n/R16R2n, respectively (3). Amplicons 1.5 and 1.2 kb in length, specific for the 16S rRNA gene, were amplified in all symptomatic plants. No PCR products were obtained when DNA isolated from symptomless plants was used. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the 1.2-kb fragments of 16S rDNA were determined by digestion with four endonucleases separately (TruI1, AluI, HpaII, and HhaI) and compared with those of Stolbur (Stol), Aster Yellows (AY), Flavescence dorée-C (FD-C), Poinsettia Branch-Inducing (PoiBI), and Clover Yellow Edge (CYE) phytoplasmas (2). RFLP patterns from all symptomatic pot marigold plants were identical to the Stol pattern, indicating Stolbur phytoplasma presence in affected plants. The 1.2-kb amplicon of representative Nv8 strain was sequenced and the data were submitted to GenBank (accession no. KJ174507). BLASTn analysis of the sequence was compared with sequences available in GenBank, showing 100% identity with 16S rRNA gene of strains from Paeonia tenuifolia (KF614623) and corn (JQ730750) from Serbia, and peach (KF263684) from Iran. All of these are members of the 16SrXII ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ group, subgroup A (Stolbur). Phytoplasmas belonging to aster yellows (16SrI) (Italy and Canada) and peanut witches' broom related phytoplasma (16SrII) group (Iran) have been identified in diseased pot marigold plants (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of pot marigold by Stolbur phytoplasma in Serbia. References: (1) S. A. Esmailzadeh-Hosseini et al. Bull. Insectol. 64:S109, 2011. (2) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (3) J. P. Prince. Phytopathology 83:1130, 1993. (4) M. Ukiya et al. J. Nat. Prod. 69:1692, 2006.