Academic literature on the topic 'Leeds United (Soccer team)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Leeds United (Soccer team)"

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Velarde, Carolina. "Home-Field Disadvantage: How the Organization of Soccer in the United States Affects Athletic and Economic Competitiveness." Michigan Law Review, no. 117.5 (2019): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.117.5.home-field.

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The United States men’s soccer team failed to qualify for the 2018 World Cup. In the aftermath, soccer followers questioned the organizational structure supervised by the United States Soccer Federation. An analysis of the relationships between professional soccer leagues reveals potentially anticompetitive practices that may contribute to the subpar performance of the U.S. Men’s National Team. This Note argues that the United States Soccer Federation is engaged in economically anticompetitive behavior that impedes the development of American soccer. Certain reforms, including an open-league system and player transfer fees at the youth development level, would enhance the economic and athletic competitiveness of soccer in the United States.
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Hunter, Jr., Richard J., Hector R. Lozada, and Gary H. Kritz. "Sex Discrimination, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Equal Pay, and Title IX as Applied to the Women’s National Soccer Team." Journal of Politics and Law 14, no. 4 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n4p55.

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This article presents the issues of sex discrimination, working conditions, and equal pay raised in the legal dispute between the United States Soccer Federation and the Women's National Soccer Team. The authors study the application of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Pay Act of 1963, and the implications of applying Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to the U.S. Soccer Federation. The authors conclude by offering some observations and suggestions on the practical course of action that the US Women’s Soccer Team may consider in attempting to solve its dispute with the Federation.
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Cocco, Adam R., Matthew Katz, and Marion E. Hambrick. "Co-Attendance Communities: A Multilevel Egocentric Network Analysis of American Soccer Supporters’ Groups." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (2021): 7351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147351.

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The growth of professional soccer in the United States is evident through the rapid expansion of franchises and increased game attendance within Major League Soccer (MLS) and the United Soccer League (USL). Coinciding with this growth is the emergence of European-style supporters’ groups filling sections of MLS and USL stadiums. In this study, the authors utilized an egocentric network analysis to explore relationships among supporters’ group members for two professional soccer clubs based in the United States. Egocentric network research focuses on the immediate social environment of individuals and is often viewed as an alternative approach to sociocentric (i.e., whole network) analyses. This study employed hierarchical linear modeling as an example of multilevel modeling with egocentric data, using ego- and alter-level variables to explain the strength of co-attendance ties. The results indicate the perceived commitment of fellow fans to the team, shared membership in a supporters’ group, age, and interactions with other fans in team settings related to higher levels of co-attendance. The outcomes of this study are both theoretical, as they advance an understanding of sport consumer behavior within soccer supporters’ groups, and methodological, as they illustrate the unique value of employing egocentric network analysis in sport fan research.
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Jordan, Sheldon E., Gary A. Green, Harry L. Galanty, Bert R. Mandelbaum, and Bradley A. Jabour. "Acute and Chronic Brain Injury in United States National Team Soccer Players." American Journal of Sports Medicine 24, no. 2 (1996): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036354659602400216.

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Pritchard, Stewart, Tanner Filben, Sebastian Haja, et al. "Comparison of Head Impact Exposure Across Common Activities in Youth Soccer." Neurology 98, no. 1 Supplement 1 (2021): S24.1—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000801964.42946.75.

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ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare head impact exposure across common training activities in soccer.BackgroundSoccer is a popular youth sport in the United States, but repetitive head impacts during training may result in neurocognitive deficits. Current research has identified factors associated with increased head impact exposure in soccer, but research has yet to contextualize head impact exposure across soccer activities. Modifying practice structure may be an avenue for reducing head impact exposure and concussion risk in soccer.Design/MethodsEight U15 soccer players participated in this study for 2 soccer seasons. Players wore a custom instrumented mouthpiece sensor during all practices and games. On-field activities were recorded with a time-synchronized camera. Research personnel recorded the duration of all practice (e.g., technical training, team interaction) and game activities performed by each player, and film review was performed to identify all head contact events during each session. Head impact exposure was quantified in terms of peak kinematics and impacts per player per hour. The amount of time an athlete was exposed to an activity was also evaluated. Mixed effects models were used to compare peak kinematics and generalized linear models were used to compare impact rates across activity types.ResultsActivity types were associated with peak kinematics and impact rate. Technical training activities were associated with higher impact rates and lower mean kinematics compared to other activity types. Team interaction activities and game play were associated with the highest rotational kinematics, but the lowest impact rates. A similar number of player-to-player contact events occurred within technical training, team interaction, and game play activities.ConclusionsInterventions designed to reduce head impact frequency in soccer may benefit from targeting technical training activities; whereas, interventions designed to reduce head impact magnitude may benefit from targeting team interaction and game activities.
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Beggs, Clive, and Alexander John Bond. "A CUSUM tool for retrospectively evaluating team performance: the case of the English Premier League." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 10, no. 3 (2020): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-03-2019-0025.

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PurposeDespite being a widely used management technique, cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis remains almost unheard of in professional sport. To address this, CUSUM analysis of soccer match data from the English Premier League (EPL) was performed. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate CUSUM as a tool for assessing “on-field” team performance. As a secondary objective, the association between managerial change and team performance was evaluated.Design/methodology/approachCUSUM was applied retrospectively to goal difference data for six EPL teams (Arsenal, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United and Tottenham) over 23 consecutive seasons from 1995 to 2018. This was supplemented with change point analysis to identify structural changes in mean goal difference. Succession was evaluated by mapping historical managerial changes onto the CUSUM plots for the respective clubs.FindingsCUSUM analysis revealed the presence of structural changes in four clubs. Two structural change points were identified for both Chelsea and Everton, one for Manchester United and Tottenham and none for Arsenal and Liverpool. Relatively few managerial changes coincided temporally with structural changes in “on-field” performance, with most appointments having minimal impact on long-term team performance. Other factors (e.g. changes in ownership) appear to have been influential.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited by the fact that only successful teams were investigated.Practical implicationsCUSUM analysis appears to have potential as a tool for executive decision-makers to evaluate performance outcomes in professional soccer.Originality/valueThe study is the first of its kind to use CUSUM analysis to evaluate team performance in professional soccer.
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Kunkel, Thilo, Olan Scott, and Anthony Beaton. "Interview With Michael Lahoud, Professional Soccer Player: Lessons of Personal Athlete Branding via Social Media." International Journal of Sport Communication 9, no. 4 (2016): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2016-0085.

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Michael Lahoud is a professional soccer player who currently plays for Miami FC in the North American Soccer League (NASL). He was born in Sierra Leone, where he escaped civil war when he was 6 years old. As a refugee, soccer helped him integrate in the United States, where he was drafted as the ninth overall pick in the 2009 Major League Soccer (MLS) superdraft. He is a community advocate who uses his sport to support charitable efforts such as the Wall Las Memorias project, the NoH8 campaign, and Schools for Salone. He was the MLS Humanitarian of the Year in 2010, and, together with Kei Kamara, he is the recipient of the 2015 FIFPro World Players’ Union Merit Award (a prize worth $25,000), which recognized their involvement in the Schools for Salone project that builds schools in their home country of Sierra Leone. His brand is Soccer can make a difference. This interview consists of two parts, with the first part being conducted in December 2015 when he was a player with the MLS team Philadelphia Union and the second part being conducted in July 2016 after two transfers within 4 months. The interviews provide an overview of his approach to athlete branding via social media and its impact on his career.
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Figueroa, Lucila. "Cultural Norms and Immigrants in the United States: The Green Card Experiment." Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics 3, no. 2 (2018): 293–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rep.2017.24.

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AbstractThis paper explores the effect of norms—standards of conduct dictated by an identity—on white, American immigration attitudes. Results from a survey experiment show that when respondents evaluate immigrants who violate cultural norms, by speaking a non-English language and/or rooting for a foreign soccer team, respondents are less supportive of green cards for immigrants. Moreover, norm violations are consequential for tolerant, prejudiced, liberal, moderate, and conservative respondents. Valuing cultural norms is a shared and pervasive aspect of immigration attitudes, and targeting norms for inquiry brings into view the societal structure of opposition to immigration. However, norm violations affect green card support among liberals only in evaluations of Latino immigrants, and among conservatives only in evaluations of European immigrants.
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Bell, Travis R., and Roxane Coche. "High Power Kick." Communication & Sport 6, no. 6 (2017): 745–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479517734853.

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The 2015 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Women’s World Cup final, won by the United States women’s national team (USWNT), was the most-watched soccer match (men or women) in U.S. history. This quantitative content analysis examined 491 American newspaper front pages published on July 6, 2015, the day after the USWNT win. Results discuss newspapers that placed the story on their front pages (81%) and those that didn’t (19%). The significant coverage of the victory indicates a small step toward improvement of a stereotypical (lack of) media representation for female athletes. However, newspapers that omitted USWNT coverage are remnants of what scholarly literature pointed toward for years: Media put more emphasis on men’s sports, regardless of level of play, than they do on women’s sports.
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Madou, Karel, and Chris Pribish. "Introduction, interpretation and reliability of a simple wingate based modified field running test to assess anaerobic capacity (of female soccer players in Germany and the United States of America)." MOJ Sports Medicine 4, no. 2 (2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojsm.2020.04.00093.

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Introduction: In team sports with short repeated sprints and changes of direction, it is important to know how the anaerobic capacity level of his players is and develops during the season. To test this ability the 15m Modified Shuttle Run Test (15m MSRT), based on the Wingate Cycle Test principles, was developed. Method: Two groups of five female soccer players from Germany (GER) (average age 19.2 years; range 18–21) and the United States of America (US), (average age 18.8 years; range 17–21) performed a 15m MSRT on two occasions to test the reliability. Maximum (Highest Lap Velocity (HLV)), minimum (Lowest Lap Velocity (LLV)) and average speed (Mean (Individual) Velocity (M(I)V)) of the individual player and average lap speed (Mean Lap Velocity (M(L)V)), the Fitness Index (FiI), Fatigue Index (FaI) and Speed–Endurance–Index (SEI) was calculated for the individual player as well as for the whole team. Results: The ICC and CV for the MLV was 0.95 and 1.41% resp (GER) and 0.72 and 3.24% (US), the Fitness Index (GER: 0.93 and 2.90%; USA: 0.78 and 4%) and Speed–Endurance–Index (GER: 0.95and 3.30%; US: 0.94 and 4.40%) Conclusion and recommendation: The 15m MSRT is a reliable tool to assess and monitor both individual and team running speed. The MIV is useful to individualize anaerobic capacity training.
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Books on the topic "Leeds United (Soccer team)"

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Edwards, Gary. No glossing over It: How football cheated Leeds United. Mainstream, 2011.

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Croft, Andy. Leeds United. Hodder & Stoughton, 1999.

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Clavane, Anthony. Promised land: The reinvention of Leeds United. Yellow Jersey, 2010.

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Rostron, Phil. We are the damned united: The real story of Brian Clough at Leeds United. Mainstream, 2011.

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We are the Damned United: The real story of Brian Clough at Leeds United. Mainstream, 2009.

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Tom, Palmer. If you're proud to be a Leeds fan. Mainstream, 2002.

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Scum airways: Inside football's underground economy. Mainstream Pub., 2002.

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Clavane, Anthony. Promised land: A Northern love story. Yellow Jersey, 2011.

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1962-, Andrews David L., ed. Manchester United: A thematic study. Routledge, 2004.

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Manchester United: Soccer champions. Lerner Publications, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Leeds United (Soccer team)"

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Oda, Kentaro, Takeshi Ohashi, Shuichi Kouno, et al. "ASURA: Kyushu United Team in the Four Legged Robot League." In RoboCup 2001: Robot Soccer World Cup V. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45603-1_112.

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Snyder, Sarah B. "Playing on the Same Team." In Soccer Diplomacy. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179513.003.0002.

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This chapter highlights how states have utilized football as a signal to the international community of a new status—using soccer as a rite of passage or power. This theoretical chapter considers different models for thinking about how sport and diplomacy or soccer and diplomacy fit together, particularly how they mirror broader themes in diplomatic history. For those used to studying the history of diplomacy, much about soccer will seem familiar. The structure of international soccer lends itself well to international relations scholars’ preference for utilizing three levels of analysis: the international, national, and individual, and FIFA’s structure is akin to the United Nations General Assembly, granting each member one vote.
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Kioussis, George N. "“The Finest Ambassadors”." In Soccer Diplomacy. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179513.003.0005.

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In 1955, the US national soccer team landed at the Keflavik airport in Iceland for a government-sponsored three-match tour for the purposes of building goodwill. The exchange occurred as Icelandic public opinion mounted against the American military presence at Keflavik. With this tour, and a subsequent return tour of the Icelandic national team to the United States the following year, Washington used soccer to deal with the Keflavik situation specifically and the political realities of the region more broadly. The global game possessed a unique ability to cut across political lines, as evidenced in how the tours were mediated by Icelandic newspapers of varying political persuasion. It also explores how strategic mishaps—at the level of both federal and sport governance—were not enough to sully the goodwill-building potential of the venture on the whole.
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Bunk, Brian D. "Soccer Goes Pro." In From Football to Soccer. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043888.003.0006.

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Two professional soccer leagues began play in 1894. The American League of Professional Football was formed by baseball club owners in Boston, Brooklyn, Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, and Washington DC. A rival league called the American Association of Professional Football (AAPF) had four teams in Philadelphia, Trenton, Newark, and Paterson, New Jersey. The chapter argues that baseball owners launched a soccer league because they wished to maintain control over professional team sports and viewed it as an additional revenue stream that would allow them to make money year-round. The motivations for launching the AAPF are less clear. Both competitions were failures, shutting down after just weeks, with only twenty-five games played. Ultimately the leagues flopped because of poor organization, low attendance, and higher than expected costs. The failed experiments of 1894 meant that a major, fully professional soccer league would not return to the United States until 1921.
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Kessler, Cláudia Samuel, and Silvana Vilodre Goellner. "From Out of the Shadows of Invisibility." In More than Cricket and Football. University Press of Mississippi, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496809889.003.0008.

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Marta, one of the few football (soccer) stars to be known by only her first name was raised in abject poverty in the football crazy Brazil, also home to male star Pele. Her inclusion on a boys’ team led to her joining the women’s national team and ultimately leaving Brazil to play in Sweden and the United States. Marta’s scoring and dominance in the women’s game have made her a worldwide star in sport, though often to greater gains outside of her home country where she continues to play under Pele’s enormous shadow.
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Cleveland, Todd. "Negotiating Colonial Repression." In The Whole World Was Watching. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503610187.003.0014.

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The political dimensions of African soccer players’ immigration to dictatorial Portugal came under increasing pressure from Socialist nations and newly independent African states. Even the United States privately implored Lisbon to relax controls in the empire. This pressure prompted Portugal to waive a host of travel and labor restrictions to facilitate the employment and relocation of African soccer players and showcase them as part of a multiracial national team. African players were able to ply their skills in the metropole, while the regime’s revised policies remained highly restrictive. The unflinching apoliticism of the vast majority of these players limited their political utility for both the regime and for the liberation movements in its colonies.
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