To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Left Digit.
Journal articles on the topic 'Left Digit'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Left Digit.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Savelkouls, Sophie, Katherine Williams, and Hilary Barth. "Linguistic inversion and numerical estimation." Journal of Numerical Cognition 6, no. 3 (December 3, 2020): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jnc.v6i3.273.
Full textAbstract:
Number line estimation (NLE) performance is usually believed to depend on the magnitudes of presented numerals, rather than on the particular digits instantiating those magnitudes. Recent research, however, shows that NLE placements differ considerably for target numerals with nearly identical magnitudes, but instantiated with different leftmost digits. Here we investigate whether this left digit effect may be due, in part, to the ordering of digits in number words. In English, the leftmost digit of an Arabic numeral is spoken first (“forty-one”), but Dutch number words are characterized by the inversion property: the rightmost digit of a two-digit number word is spoken first (“eenenveertig” – one and forty in Dutch). Participants (N = 40 Dutch-English bilinguals and N = 20 English-speaking monolinguals) completed a standard 0-100 NLE task. Target numerals were read aloud by an experimenter in either English or Dutch. Preregistered analyses revealed a strong left digit effect in monolingual English speakers’ estimates: e.g., 41 was placed more than two units to the right of 39. No left digit effect was observed among Dutch-English bilingual participants tested in either language. These findings are consistent with the idea that the order in which digits are spoken might influence multi-digit number processing, and suggests linguistic influences on numerical estimation performance.
2
Sion, Guy, Rahav Tal, and Shai Meiri. "Asymmetric Behavior in Ptyodactylus guttatus: Can a Digit Ratio Reflect Brain Laterality?" Symmetry 12, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12091490.
Full textAbstract:
The digit ratio, an indicator of brain laterality, is the ratio of the second and fourth digits on the left (L24) or right foot (R24). Much of the research on the digit ratio and brain laterality focuses on primates, rather than other species such as reptiles. We tested whether the digit ratio in the gecko Ptyodactylus guttatus was associated with behaviors attributed to brain laterality. We examined risk-taking behavior (time spent under cover), foot preference (which foot was the first to start moving) and the side from which geckos bypassed an obstacle, in relation to the digit ratio. Geckos with longer fourth digits on their left hind foot (higher digit ratio) spent more time under cover. Geckos starting to move with their left leg were much more likely to bypass obstacles from the right side, and vice versa. This is the first evidence of laterality being associated with the digit ratio in reptiles. Comparisons among vertebrates are needed in order to decipher the evolutionary origin of the commonalities and peculiarities of brain asymmetry and disentangle the patterns and drivers of our evolutionary tree.
3
A, Ebeye O. "Anthropometric study of the 2D:4D digits ratio in Urhobo people of Southern Nigeria." International Journal of Forensic Medical Investigation 3, no. 2 (April 24, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21816/ijfmi.v3i2.57.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Background: Anthropometric study of the 2D:4D digits ratio in Urhobo people of Nigeria was carried out to determine the values of 2D and 4D lengths and ascertain if there are sexual differences between the 2D:4D ratios of male and female Urhobos. Materials and Method: A total of 300 volunteered (146 males and 154 females) Urhobo people were employed in the study aged 18 and above. The lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) digits were measured with a Vernier Caliper and 2D:4D digit ratios were calculated. Results: Results from the presents study showed that males had higher right index digit (R2D) lengths and ring digit (R4D) length compared to females. It was also revealed that males had higher left ring digit (L4D) lengths compared to females. However, females had higher left index (L2D) finger lengths compared to males. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that males had lower 2D:4D digits ratios compared with that of females and this was statistically significant (P<0.05).
4
Fischer, Jean-Paul, and Christophe Luxembourger. "The Battle between the Correct and Mirror Writings of a Digit in Children’s Recognition Memory." Education Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10070183.
Full textAbstract:
Recent research into character reversals in writings produced by occidental children has shown that they mainly reverse the left-oriented digits (1, 2, 3, 7, and 9) and therefore appear to apply a right-orienting rule. But do they produce similar reversal errors when asked to recognize the digits? In an experiment, based on eye-tracking observations of 50 children (Mage = 5.4 years), children had to point towards a target digit in a 2 × 2 matrix also containing three distractor digits, one of which was the mirror-reversed writing of the correctly written target digit. This recognition task led to a true “battle” in children’s memory between the two writings of the target digit. This battle is shown in the graphical abstract that represents a heat map from a sub-sample of children (on the left side) and the fixation points map from an individual child (on the right side). Rather than following the predicted right-orienting rule, the children’s responses appeared to be biased towards digits in the right-hand column of the 2 × 2 matrices (when the reversed target digit was not in the same column as the correctly written target digit). As a whole, these findings support the hypotheses that many 4- to 6-year-old’s representations of the digit writings are unoriented in their memory and that these children may adopt different solutions to overcome this lack of orientation depending on whether they write or read.
5
Brouwer, Gijs Joost, Vanessa Arnedo, Shani Offen, David J. Heeger, and Arthur C. Grant. "Normalization in human somatosensory cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 114, no. 5 (November 2015): 2588–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00939.2014.
Full textAbstract:
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure activity in human somatosensory cortex and to test for cross-digit suppression. Subjects received stimulation (vibration of varying amplitudes) to the right thumb (target) with or without concurrent stimulation of the right middle finger (mask). Subjects were less sensitive to target stimulation (psychophysical detection thresholds were higher) when target and mask digits were stimulated concurrently compared with when the target was stimulated in isolation. fMRI voxels in a region of the left postcentral gyrus each responded when either digit was stimulated. A regression model (called a forward model) was used to separate the fMRI measurements from these voxels into two hypothetical channels, each of which responded selectively to only one of the two digits. For the channel tuned to the target digit, responses in the left postcentral gyrus increased with target stimulus amplitude but were suppressed by concurrent stimulation to the mask digit, evident as a shift in the gain of the response functions. For the channel tuned to the mask digit, a constant baseline response was evoked for all target amplitudes when the mask was absent and responses decreased with increasing target amplitude when the mask was concurrently presented. A computational model based on divisive normalization provided a good fit to the measurements for both mask-absent and target + mask stimulation. We conclude that the normalization model can explain cross-digit suppression in human somatosensory cortex, supporting the hypothesis that normalization is a canonical neural computation.
6
Prakoso, Teguh Iman, Mohammad Thohar Arifin, Udadi Sadhana, Dik Puspasari, and Meira Dewi Kusuma Astuti. "Ekspresi Reseptor Estrogen, Reseptor Progesteron Dan Digit Ratio Pada Pasien Meningioma." Medica Hospitalia : Journal of Clinical Medicine 7, no. 2 (November 19, 2020): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36408/mhjcm.v7i2.518.
Full textAbstract:
Latar belakang Meningioma merupakan tumor jinak intrakranial primer yang dipengaruhi oleh keseimbangan hormon estrogen dan progesteron. Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) sangat dipengaruhi oleh paparan hormon androgen prenatal khususnya estrogen dan testosteron.
Tujuan Mengetahui hubungan reseptor estrogen (ER) dan reseptor progesteron (PR) dengan Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) pada pasien meningioma.
Metode Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional study. Jumlah sampel sebesar 25 pasien meningioma yang dilakukan pemeriksaan ER dan PR. Pengukuran Digit Ratio dilakukan di poliklinik dan bangsal bedah syaraf RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Uji statistik menggunakan uji spearman.
Hasil Digit Ratio kanan, kiri dan selisih kanan-kiri dengan nilai rerata 1,0046; 1,0021 dan 0,0492. Uji spearman, hubungan Digit Ratio kanan, Digit Ratio kiri dan Selisih Digit Ratio kanan kiri dengan PR didapatkan masin–masing nilai p = 0,5 (r = 0,1), p = 0,8 ( r = 0,1), dan p = 0,3 (r = 0,2). Hubungan Digit Ratio kanan, Digit Ratio kiri dan Selisih Digit Ratio kanan kiri dengan ER didapatkan masing–masing nilai p = 0,4 (r = 0,2), p = 0,5 ( r = -0,1), dan p = 0,9 (r = 0,1). Secara statistik terdapat hubungan yang sangat lemah antara Digit Ratio kanan, Digit Ratio kiri, selisih Digit Ratio kanan kiri dengan ER dan PR pada pasien meningioma Simpulan Terdapat hubungan yang sangat lemah antara reseptor estrogen (ER) dan reseptor progesteron (PR) dengan Digit Ratio pada pasien meningioma.
Kata kunci : Reseptor Estrogen, Reseptor Progesteron, Digit Ratio, Meningioma.
Background Meningiomas are primary intracranial benign tumors that are affected by the balance of estrogen and progesterone. Digit Ratio (2D: 4D) is strongly influenced by exposure to prenatal androgen hormones especially estrogen and testosterone.
Objective To determine the relationship between estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) with Digit Ratio (2D: 4D) in meningioma patients.
Method Analytical observational research with cross-sectional study design. The total sample of 25 meningioma patients who underwent ER and PR examinations. Digit Ratio measurements were performed at the clinic and neurosurgical ward of RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. The Spearman test was used for the statistical test.
Results Right, left and right-left difference digit ratio with mean value of 1.0046; 1,0021 and 0,0492. After Spearman test, the relationship between right Digit Ratio, left Digit Ratio and Difference between right and left Digit Ratio with PR was p = 0.5 (r = 0.1), p = 0.8 (r = 0.1), and p = 0.3 (r = 0.2). Correlation between right Digit Ratio, left Digit Ratio and Difference between left and right Digit Ratio with ER was p = 0.4 (r = 0.2), p = 0.5 (r = -0.1), and p = 0.9 (r = 0.1). Statistically there is a very weak relationship between right Digit Ratio, left Digit Ratio, difference between right and left Digit Ratio with ER and PR in patients with meningiomas.
Conclusions There is a very weak relationship between estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) and Digit Ratio in meningioma patient.
Keywords: Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, Digit Ratio, Meningioma.
7
Lin, Keh-Chung, Sharon A. Cermak, Marcel Kinsbourne, and Catherine A. Trombly. "Effects of left-sided movements on line bisection in unilateral neglect." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2, no. 5 (September 1996): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561770000148x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThirteen patients with left neglect performed line bisection under four conditions: no cue, visual cueing involving the report of a digit placed at the left end of the line, circling the left-end digit, and digit circling plus tracing of the line with the right index finger from its left end to its midpoint before bisection. Digit circling plus finger tracing was unequivocally more effective in reducing left neglect than digit circling alone, which was in turn more effective than visual cueing; indeed, digit circling with tracing completely abolished the rightward bisection bias. Thus continuously directing visuomotor control to the left side of the line (even with the right hand) until bisection is performed reduces neglect more than only requiring patients to attend to left-sided visual cues. The facilitatory effects of the cueing procedures may reflect their differential efficacy in constraining as well as attracting attention and action to the left part of the target line. These findings have implications for neglect rehabilitation. (JINS, 1996, 2, 404–411.)
8
Repetto, Luca, and Alex Solís. "The Price of Inattention: Evidence from the Swedish Housing Market." Journal of the European Economic Association 18, no. 6 (November 23, 2019): 3261–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvz065.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Do behavioral biases affect prices in a high-stakes market? We study the role of left-digit bias in the purchase of an apartment. Left-digit bias is the failure to fully process digits after the first, perceiving prices just below a round number (such as $3.99) as cheaper than their round counterpart ($4). Apartments with asking prices just below round millions are sold at a 3%–5% higher final price after an auction. This effect appears not to be driven by differences in observables or in real estate agents’ behavior. Auctions for apartments listed just below round numbers are more competitive and attract more bidders and bids.
9
Lacetera, Nicola, Devin G. Pope, and Justin R. Sydnor. "Heuristic Thinking and Limited Attention in the Car Market." American Economic Review 102, no. 5 (August 1, 2012): 2206–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.5.2206.
Full textAbstract:
Can heuristic information processing affect important product markets? Analyzing over 22 million wholesale used-car transactions, we find evidence of left-digit bias in the processing of odometer values, whereby individuals focus on the number's leftmost digits. The bias leads to discontinuous drops in sale prices at 10,000-mile odometer thresholds, along with smaller drops at 1,000-mile thresholds. These findings reveal that information-processing heuristics matter even in markets with large stakes and easily observed information. We model left-digit bias in an inattention framework and structurally estimate the inattention parameter. Empirical patterns suggest the results are driven by final customers rather than professional agents. (JEL D12, D44, D83, L81)
10
Black, F. William. "Neuroanatomic and Neuropsychologic Correlates of Digit Span Performance by Brain-Damaged Adults." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (October 1986): 815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.815.
Full textAbstract:
Digit repetition performance was examined in samples of adult brain-injured patients having confirmed unilateral lesions. The primary purposes of the study were to investigate the sensitivity of forward and backward repetition to the effects of lateralized brain lesions and to assess the differential neuroanatomic and neuropsychologic substrates of the two forms of digit repetition. Digit repetition, especially digits backward and particularly by patients with left-hemisphere lesions, was significantly lower than would be predicted on the basis of intelligence. However, impaired repetition was not invariably a consequence of brain damage. Correlational data suggested but could not confirm hypotheses about either the functional or the neuroanatomic substrate in differential performance on digits forward and backward. Problems implicit in using measures having a high intellectual loading in clinical studies are discussed, as are suggestions for further research.
11
Manning, Kenneth C., and David E. Sprott. "Price Endings, Left-Digit Effects, and Choice." Journal of Consumer Research 36, no. 2 (August 2009): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597215.
Full text
12
Lacina, Michael, B. Brian Lee, and Dong Wuk Kim. "Management of Revenue and Earnings in Korean Firms Influenced by Cognitive Reference Points." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 21, no. 02 (May 27, 2018): 1850012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091518500121.
Full textAbstract:
We investigate how Korean officers manage revenue and earnings to achieve cognitive reference points (round up). In Korea, revenue has traditionally served as one of the key financial statement figures. Thus, we study revenue management around cognitive reference points both in isolation and to influence earnings around cognitive reference points through a chain effect. Our study compares the distributions of the second (from the left) and first digits in revenue and various proxies for earnings with their corresponding Benford distributions (Benford, 1938). Also, we perform a logistic regression analysis and compute probabilities based on this analysis. The results show that revenue observations have more first digit 1’s and second digit 0’s and fewer first and second digits 9’s than under a Benford distribution. Korean managers appear to round up revenues with high second digits to improve first digits. In addition, we document that revenue observations with second digits of 0 are associated with higher proportions of positive earnings (gross margin and earnings from operations) with second digits of 0. This suggests that Korean firms simultaneously convert the second digits of revenue and earnings to improve the first digits of those numbers. Results from additional tests convey more upward management of the second digit of revenue for firms that have characteristics that indicate higher ex ante benefits and stronger ex post effects from revenue management.
13
Breitreiter, Katrina. "Late-onset osteosarcoma after onychectomy in a cat." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports 5, no. 1 (January 2019): 205511691984239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055116919842394.
Full textAbstract:
Case summary A 12-year-old neutered male onychectomized Ragdoll cat presented for a 3 day history of swelling and hemorrhagic purulent discharge on the first digit of the left manus. Radiographs revealed fragments of the third phalangeal bone (P3) present in the partially amputated digits with swelling adjacent to the P3 fragment on the first digit of the left manus. Thoracic radiographs revealed no evidence of primary or metastatic neoplasia. Surgery was performed to remove all P3 fragments and the associated swelling on the diseased digit. On gross examination of the excised swelling, a mass was present at the cut edge of P3. The bone fragment and associated mass were submitted for histopathological evaluation. Osteosarcoma was diagnosed. Because neoplastic cells extended to the surgical margins, amputation of the left thoracic limb was performed. The cat recovered from surgery, and survival time at the time of writing was 8 months. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of onychectomy-associated osteosarcoma. Trauma from partial P3 amputation during onychectomy is suspected to have played a role in osteosarcoma development in this case. Malignant transformation may be considered a potential complication of onychectomy achieved by partial P3 amputation.
14
Sokolova, Tatiana, Satheesh Seenivasan, and Manoj Thomas. "The Left-Digit Bias: When and Why Are Consumers Penny Wise and Pound Foolish?" Journal of Marketing Research 57, no. 4 (June 17, 2020): 771–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243720932532.
Full textAbstract:
Consumers’ price evaluations are influenced by the left-digit bias, wherein consumers judge the difference between $4.00 and $2.99 to be larger than that between $4.01 and $3.00, even though the numeric differences are identical. This research examines when and why consumers are more likely to fall prey to the left-digit bias. The authors propose that the left-digit bias is stronger in stimulus-based price evaluations, wherein people see the focal price and the reference price side by side, and weaker in memory-based price evaluations, wherein people have to retrieve at least one price from memory. This is because in stimulus-based price evaluations, people tend to rely on perceptual representations of prices without rounding them. In memory-based price evaluations, they rely more on conceptual representations, which makes them more likely to round the prices. Results from six studies—five experiments and a scanner panel study—support the hypothesis that the left-digit bias is stronger in stimulus-based evaluations. These results inform managers about when to use left-digit pricing and characterize fundamental differences between stimulus-based and memory-based evaluations.
15
Pastura, Giuseppe, Tadeu Takao Almodovar Kubo, Maria Angélica Regalla, Cíntia Machado Mesquita, Gabriel Coutinho, Emerson Leandro Gasparetto, Otávio Figueiredo, Paulo Mattos, and Alexandra Prüfer de Queiroz Campos Araújo. "Working memory and left medial temporal cortical thickness." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 74, no. 10 (October 2016): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20160123.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Objective To perform a pilot study to investigate the association between working memory and cortical thickness in a sample of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. Methods Seventeen children aged 7-10 years diagnosed with ADHD and 16 healthy children underwent a magnetic resonance scan for cortical thickness measurements. Data was correlated with working memory performance using the Backwards Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Results Working memory impairment, evidenced by lower scores on the Backwards Digit Span, was observed in patients with ADHD compared to healthy controls. There was a direct correlation between working memory and cortical thickness of the left medial temporal lobe (Spearman’s correlation coefficient: 0.499; p < 0.005). Conclusions Our data suggests, for the first time, a correlation between working memory, evaluated by the Backwards Digit Span, and left medial temporal cortical thickness.
16
MacKillop, James, Michael T. Amlung, Ashley Blackburn, James G. Murphy, Maureen Carrigan, Matthew J. Carpenter, and Frank Chaloupka. "Left-digit price effects on smoking cessation motivation." Tobacco Control 23, no. 6 (July 18, 2013): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050943.
Full text
17
Joye, M., and Sung-Ming Yen. "Optimal left-to-right binary signed-digit recoding." IEEE Transactions on Computers 49, no. 7 (July 2000): 740–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/12.863044.
Full text
18
Brilliantika, Surya Pratama, Muhammad Thohar Arifin, Hermawan Istiadi, Tri Indah Winarni, and Hexanto Muhartomo. "Correlation between Digit Ratio and Incidence of Meningioma and its Clinical Profiles." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 18, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v18i2.40707.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Proliferation and progression of meningioma were influenced by the balance of estrogen and testosterone. Digit Ratio (DR) was a sign of prenatal exposure to estrogen and testosterone. This study intends to find the relationship between Digit Ratio and meningioma.
Aim: To determine the relationship between DR and incidence of Meningioma and its Clinical Profiles (age at the onset, sex, Body Mass Indec (BMI) and histopathology grading)
Methods: Analytical observational study was used with case-control design. Case group consisted of patients clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with meningioma (n=25). Patients who were not diagnosed with primary intracranial tumors were included in the control group (n=25). Matched group were conducted. Subjects of this study were patients of RSUP dr Kariadi in the period of January 2016-August 2017. This study was conducted by collecting data consisted of DR, age, sex, BMI, and grading histopathology. Tests used in this study are Chi-Square Test, Mann-Whitney Test and Fishers exact Test.
Results: Digit Ratio Mean for right, left and right-left difference were 1.0041; 1.0104 and 0.0357 while for the right and left DR cutoff value 0.993; 0.989. There is a relationship between right and left Digit Ratio and incidence of meningioma (p = 0,000) with OR (Odds Ratio) Right DR = 11.17(CI95% 2,864 – 43,464) and OR left DR = 16,00 (CI95% 4,002 – 63,975). There is a relationship between Right Digit Ratio andBMI case group (p = 0,022). There is no relationship of Digit Ratio and age at onset, gender and histopathology grading (p <0.05).
Conclusion: DR is risk factor of Meningioma
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(2) 2019 p.347-352
19
TANAKA, IKUKO. "MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF CICONIA BOYCIANA (AVES: CICONIIDAE) TRACKS IN HOMOGENEOUS SEDIMENT." PALAIOS 36, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.027.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The morphological variability of Ciconia boyciana (oriental white stork) tracks is documented in an actualistic ichnological experiment using wet potter's clay. Measurements were obtained from 54 tracks left by two individuals comprising area, length, width, depth, volume, and rotation for each track. The trackmakers were also filmed while walking. An anatomical feature unique to C. boyciana is that, unlike other wading birds, it does not leave metatarsophalangeal pad impressions. This feature can be used to distinguish C. boyciana tracks from those left by other birds of similar body weight and habitat. Track width varied by up to 30%, with wider tracks showing more splayed digits occurring in trackways with shorter stride length and larger trackway width. Conversely, narrow trackways with a large stride length were composed of tracks with a smaller digit divarication. Coefficient analysis of track geometry revealed that the widths and depths of tracks vary inversely to maintain a consistent volume. Sorting the C. boyciana tracks into morphological types (14 types for avians with four digits) demonstrates the result that most tracks are deeper between digits III and IV than between digits II and III. Combining track data with video footage shows that C. boyciana moves its hips from side to side while walking. Noting that the tracks within any given trackway are outwardly rotated, we interpret this track morphology as resulting from laterally directed pressure exerted primarily through digit IV.
20
Al- Sharoot, H. A. "Anatomical Study of the Digits of Fore limbs in goat." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2013): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29079/vol12iss2art254.
Full textAbstract:
The study aim to explain the anatomical description of the digit of fore limb in goat (Capra hircus). Left and right fore limbs of 10 Iraqi healthy male goats aging (6) months, with no history of lameness and without local swelling or joint distension were utilized in this study. The study reveals that the goats have two digits; each digit has three phalanges (pI, p II, p III) and sesamoid bones. The PI longer than the other phalanx while the pII was much shorter than the pI. PIII was uniquely triangular in shape with numerous vascular channels. The proximal sesamoid bones were elongated and each bone have three surfaces while distal sesamoid bones were shuttle in shape and situated palmer to the second interphalangeal joints.
21
Wijerathne, Buddhika TB, and Geetha K. Rathnayake. "Association between digital dermatoglyphics and handedness among Sinhalese in Sri Lanka." F1000Research 2 (April 18, 2013): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.2-111.v1.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundThe relationship between handedness and digital dermatoglyphic patterns has never been investigated in the Sinhalese population. The goal of this study is to establish the above mentioned relationship, which would positively aid personal identification. FindingsOne hundred Sinhalese students (50 right-handed and 50 left-handed) were studied for their digital dermatoglyphic pattern distribution. The results show that a statistically significant correlation exists for digit 3 (P=0.002, Fisher’s exact test) of the right hand and digit 1 (P=0.002, Fisher’s exact test) and digit 2 (P=0.021, Fisher’s exact test) of the left hand. Further, whorl patterns are more common in right-handed than left-handed Sinhalese students.Conclusions Statistically significant differences in handedness and digital dermatoglyphic patterns were evident among Sinhalese people. Further study with a larger sample size is recommended.
22
Husmann, Schenk Romer, Amann-Vesti, Spada, and Koppensteiner. "Acroparesthesia and acral arterial occlusions as first manifestations of essential thrombocythemia." Vasa 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.34.1.53.
Full textAbstract:
Thrombocytosis is either caused by a reactive process (secondary thrombocytosis) or by a clonal bone marrow disorder. The latter category includes essential thrombocythemia with bleedings and thrombotic complications as major causes of illness and death in this patients. We describe a 43-year-old man with a 6 months history of acroparesthesia in his toes. Half a year after onset of these symptoms, he noticed a bluish discoloration of digit V of his left foot. On first presentation physical examination revealed a bluish discoloration of all toes and a cold and blue digit V of the left foot. Peripheral pulses were all palpable, normal ankle systolic pressure measurements and normal pulse volume recordings except for digit V of the left foot were found. Laboratory tests revealed thrombocytosis of 800 000/microliter. On treatment with acetylsalicylacid, prostanoids intravenously and low molecular weight heparin, the patient became asymptomatic and pulse volume recording of digit V was normalized. After exclusion of cardial or vascular sources of embolism by utrasonography bone marrow aspirate and biopsy supported the diagnosis of essential thrombocythemia.
23
Mackus, M., D. de Kruijff, L. S. Otten, A. D. Kraneveld, J. Garssen, and J. C. Verster. "The 2D : 4D Digit Ratio as a Biomarker for Autism Spectrum Disorder." Autism Research and Treatment 2017 (2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1048302.
Full textAbstract:
It has been suggested that the second (2D, index finger) to fourth (4D, ring finger) digit ratio, 2D : 4D, may be a biomarker for the risk of developing autism. The aim of the current study was to determine the usefulness of the 2D : 4D digit ratio as biomarker for autistic traits. N=401 healthy young volunteers participated in the study. For both hands, digit lengths were measured using digital Vernier calipers. In addition to demographics, the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire was completed, comprised of five subscales, assessing “social insights and behavior,” “attention switching,” “communication,” “imagination,” and “attention to detail.” Overall, no significant correlations were observed between the AQ total score, its subscales, and the 2D : 4D digit ratio. For women, the left hand 2D : 4D digit ratio correlated significantly with the subscale score “communication” (r=-0.142; p=0.036). For men, a significant positive correlation was found between the left 2D : 4D digit ratio and the total AQ score (r=0.157; p=0.042) and AQ subscale “attention switching” (r=0.182; p=0.017). In conclusion, gender specific associations between the 2D : 4D digit ratio and specific autism traits were observed, which were stronger in men than in women. Future studies should be conducted in patients that are formally diagnosed with autism.
24
Dias, Verônica O., Maria L. Santos, Patrícia Helena C. Mendes, Claudia A. D. Fonseca, Daniella R. B. Martelli, Rodrigo S. de Andrade, and Hercílio Martelli Júnior. "Association between Hand Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Disease Markers 2018 (November 26, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4938725.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. Digit ratio (2D : 4D) has been suggested as a biomarker for prenatal hormone activity and has been linked to several types of cancer. This study investigated the possible correlation between 2D : 4D ratios and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods. A case-control study was performed with Brazilian subjects. Direct measurements of the lengths of index and ring fingers of both hands of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n=43) and controls matched by age and gender (n=86) were obtained by using a digital vernier caliper. Mean ratios between the second and fourth digits were compared. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test with a significance level of 5%. Results. No significant difference was found between the mean digit ratios of the right and left hands between the groups for any analysis (p>0.05), neither for the whole sample nor for the distribution by gender. Conclusions. We observed that patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia do not have a different digit pattern when compared with unaffected individuals, which may suggest that exposure to prenatal sex hormone is similar between groups.
25
Lawfield, Angela, Dennis J. McFarland, and Anthony T. Cacace. "Dichotic and Dichoptic Digit Perception in Normal Adults." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 22, no. 06 (June 2011): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.22.6.3.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Verbally based dichotic-listening experiments and reproduction-mediated response-selection strategies have been used for over four decades to study perceptual/cognitive aspects of auditory information processing and make inferences about hemispheric asymmetries and language lateralization in the brain. Test procedures using dichotic digits have also been used to assess for disorders of auditory processing. However, with this application, limitations exist and paradigms need to be developed to improve specificity of the diagnosis. Use of matched tasks in multiple sensory modalities is a logical approach to address this issue. Herein, we use dichotic listening and dichoptic viewing of visually presented digits for making this comparison. Purpose: To evaluate methodological issues involved in using matched tasks of dichotic listening and dichoptic viewing in normal adults. Research Design: A multivariate assessment of the effects of modality (auditory vs. visual), digit-span length (1–3 pairs), response selection (recognition vs. reproduction), and ear/visual hemifield of presentation (left vs. right) on dichotic and dichoptic digit perception. Study Sample: Thirty adults (12 males, 18 females) ranging in age from 18 to 30 yr with normal hearing sensitivity and normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. Data Collection and Analysis: A computerized, custom-designed program was used for all data collection and analysis. A four-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) evaluated the effects of modality, digit-span length, response selection, and ear/visual field of presentation. Results: The ANOVA revealed that performances on dichotic listening and dichoptic viewing tasks were dependent on complex interactions between modality, digit-span length, response selection, and ear/visual hemifield of presentation. Correlation analysis suggested a common effect on overall accuracy of performance but isolated only an auditory factor for a laterality index. Conclusions: The variables used in this experiment affected performances in the auditory modality to a greater extent than in the visual modality. The right-ear advantage observed in the dichotic-digits task was most evident when reproduction mediated response selection was used in conjunction with three-digit pairs. This effect implies that factors such as “speech related output mechanisms” and digit-span length (working memory) contribute to laterality effects in dichotic listening performance with traditional paradigms. Thus, the use of multiple-digit pairs to avoid ceiling effects and the application of verbal reproduction as a means of response selection may accentuate the role of nonperceptual factors in performance. Ideally, tests of perceptual abilities should be relatively free of such effects.
26
Varjão de Oliveira, Humberto, and Sergio X. Salles-Cunha. "Digital Traumatic Fistula and Arteriovenous Malformation in a Patient with Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndrome." Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 41, no. 1 (March 2017): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154431671704100103.
Full textAbstract:
Objective —Ulnar nerve compression, the Guyon's canal syndrome, is more unusual than carpal tunnel disorders. An exceptional case of a patient with vascular and neurogenic signs and symptoms is described. Patient Presentation —A 26-year-old female physiotherapist presented with neurogenic and arteriovenous signs and symptoms involving the right hand. The patient described fourth finger and wrist pain with flexion, and pain and itching extending to arm and forearm. Sensations worsened when exposed to air conditioning. Enlarged vessels were noted in the medial aspect of the fourth digit; trauma occurred 8 years earlier during attempts to open a nail polish container. Methods —Color flow, duplex-Doppler ultrasonography (US) of the subclavian to digital vessels was performed using 3- to 13-MHz transducers. Interpretation focused on flow waveforms obtained with the hand open and closed, having the left extremity as reference. Thermography was performed with camera Flir 15, room temperature at 21°C (70°F) and relative humidity at 48%. Results —Right subclavian to digital arteries had high diastolic flow with opened hand. Hand closure interrupted diastolic flow except in the ulnar circulation to the fourth digit. Common digital arteries feeding digits 3–4 and 4–5 had significantly more diastolic flow than the artery feeding digits 2–3. Diastolic flow through a dilated ulnar artery despite hand closure was associated to a millimetric arteriovenous fistula in the fourth finger. Hyperthermia saturating at 35°C (95°F) showed channel-like images over the ulnar nerve and artery and fourth digit, compared with 20°C (68°F) for digit 2. Conclusions —US and thermography demonstrated high flow and hyperthermia associated with a fourth digit fistula and abnormal vessels, and ulnar artery dilatation likely associated with ulnar nerve injury. A coadjuvant diagnosis of Guyon's canal syndrome at the wrist was raised.
27
Fischer, Jean-Paul, and Xavier Thierry. "Miswriting (Especially Mirror Writing) of the Digits: An Ecological Assessment Using ELFE Data." Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jcep-d-19-00053.
Full textAbstract:
The French National Cohort of Children Study (Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance—ELFE) tested the literacy and numeracy skills of 4- to 5-year-old typically developing children in the second year of école maternelle. Tasks were administered by more than 4,000 teachers at schools across France. One of the study's numeracy tasks required participants to write the number of ducks (up to 5) they had counted. Analyzing the digits written by 14,904 children showed that miswritings were much more common for the digit 3 than for the digit 4. This result is consistent with the right-orienting rule, which young children in Western cultures apply when they do not know a digit's orientation, and which leads them to write, for example, ε instead of 3.The nature and frequency of miswritten digits did not differ significantly between the 466 children presumed to have written with their left hand and the 3,531 children presumed to have written with their right hand. However, a logistic mixed-effects regression showed that two other factors—age of entry to école maternelle and very early smartphone use—had a (modest) influence on the percentage of digits that were miswritten.
28
Aharonovich, E., N. Karny, and I. Nachson. "Visual field processing in paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics." European Psychiatry 8, no. 6 (1993): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924933800000687.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe hypothesis that paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics are differentially associated with unilateral hemisphere dysfunction was tested on 12 paranoid and 12 non-paranoid schizophrenics, as well as on 24 affective patients and 24 normal controls. The subjects were presented for 150 ms with series of digit-pairs and open rings to the left or right visual fields. Overall recognition of digits and localization of gaps in the rings were better for the right than for the left visual field. However, performance of the paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenics was relatively poorer in response to the right and left visual field stimuli, respectively. Since these data do not correspond to the findings obtained in the auditory modality, they were interpreted as indicating modality-specific associations of paranoid schizophrenia with left hemisphere dysfunction, and of non-paranoid schizophrenia with right hemisphere dysfunction.
29
O'Connor, Patrick, Pooja Bhadbhade, Qamar Khan, and Stephen Williamson. "Acral vascular syndrome during an immune checkpoint inhibitor." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 5 (May 2020): e233463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-233463.
Full textAbstract:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including antiprogrammed death cell protein 1 (anti-PD-1) and anti cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (anti-CTLA-4), have been associated with a range of autoimmune-related side effects since their introduction in cancer treatment. Small vessel digital necrosis, referred to as the acral vascular syndrome, is a rare but serious complication that can result in loss of digits. Here we present a case report of acral vascular syndrome and review possible aetiologies. A 45- year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast presented to the emergency department during neoadjuvant treatment with carboplatin, docetaxel and pembrolizumab with complaints of severe pain in her right third digit. She had physical findings consistent with ischaemic necrosis and gangrene of the distal phalanx. Angiography demonstrated Raynaud’s phenomenon in the distal portion of the digits. Laboratory testing showed a weakly positive RNA polymerase III antibody level. Her case resulted in surgical amputation of her affected digit after partial resolution of symptoms with prednisone, vasodilators and antibiotics.
30
Mutluay, Şükriye Deniz, and Memduha Gülhal Bozkır. "Estimation of Stature from Second and Fourth Digit Lengths in Young Adults." Bulletin of Legal Medicine 24, no. 3 (December 29, 2019): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17986/blm.2019252273.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: Estimating stature from long extremity bones, such as femur, humerus, is commonly usedduring forensic examinations. The aim of this study is to estimate stature by anthropometric measurements of right and left-hands second (2D) and fourth digit (4D) lengths.
Method:The sample group consisted of 140 young adults, 70 male and 70 females (aged 21-19 years), whose 2D and 4D lengths were measured (using digital vernier caliper) of their left and right hands. One measurement was taken directly from landmarks from the proximal metacarpophalangeal crease to the finger tips.
The program SPSS (Version 17.0) was used to make a descriptive analysis, Student’s t-test was usedto analyze the difference in height 2D and 4D between males and females. One-way ANOVA was usedto determine the potential interactions between anthropometric measurements within each other and stature. Pearson Correlation coefficient and related P values were also used. Statistical significance was assigned to p values <0.05. Linear and multiple regressions were also developed.
Results:The differences between the right-and the left fingers length values were statistically significant for both sexes (p<0.001). In all, the measurements of males were significantly higher than females. The correlation coefficients between stature and the measurements of second and fourth digit were found to be positive and statistically significant. The highest correlation coefficient between stature and digit length for males regarded the right second digit (r=0.505), and for females, the left second digit (r=0.596). Regression equations were checked for accuracy by comparing the estimated stature and actual stature.
Conclusion: Both regression models can...
31
Fischer, Martin H. "Cognitive Representation of Negative Numbers." Psychological Science 14, no. 3 (May 2003): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.03435.
Full textAbstract:
To understand negative numbers, must we refer to positive number representations (the phylogenetic hypothesis), or do we acquire a negative mental number line (the ontogenetic hypothesis)? In the experiment reported here, participants made lateralized button responses to indicate the larger of two digits from the range -9 to 9. Digit pairs were displayed spatially congruent or incongruent with either a phylogenetic or an ontogenetic mental number line. The pattern of decision latencies suggests that negative numbers become associated with left space, thus supporting the ontogenetic view.
32
Hill, Randy, Ben Simpson, John Manning, and Liam Kilduff. "Right–left digit ratio (2D:4D) and maximal oxygen uptake." Journal of Sports Sciences 30, no. 2 (January 2012): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.637947.
Full text
33
Lin, Chien-Huang, and Jyh-Wen Wang. "Distortion of price discount perceptions through the left-digit effect." Marketing Letters 28, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-015-9387-5.
Full text
34
Kozieł, Sławomir, Raja Chakraborty, and Aneta Sitek. "Second to fourth digits ratio (2D:4D) and subjective pain experience in tattooing." Anthropological Review 76, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This aims of this research are to determine if the 2D:4D digit ratio is related to subjective pain experience during tattooing and to examine gender differences therein. The study involved 43 male and 28 female Polish adults recruited from two tattoo salons in Wroclaw and Leszno in Western Poland. These subjects were asked if they felt pain during their tattooing and answers were recorded as ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. The ventral surface lengths of the second and fourth digits of each hand were measured, and analysis of variance was performed to assess significant differences in the 2D:4D ratios of right and left hands and twohand averages between genders and the Yes/ No groups reporting pain experience. Results revealed that although the digit ratios for females had systematically higher values than those in males, differences were not statistically significant. Both sex and subjective pain feeling were significantly associated with 2D:4D ratio in both hands and their average values, while sex and pain experience were independently associated with digit ratio. Subjects who felt pain during tattooing had a significantly lower digit ratio. In conclusion, the study did not support the hypothesis that the lower masculine 2D:4D ratio is associated with a higher pain threshold. Prenatal sex hormonal exposure generating the gender dimorphic 2D:4D index may not predispose the actual feeling of all kinds of pain; in this instance, not in pain associated with tattooing.
35
Takeda, Shinsuke, Michiro Yamamoto, Yosuke Takeichi, Tatsuya Hara, Toshikazu Kurahashi, and Hitoshi Hirata. "Treatment of Multiple Digit Amputation in an Infant Using an Abdominal Pocket Combined with Composite Grafts of the Amputated Distal Phalanxes and Nails." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 25, no. 03 (July 28, 2020): 364–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424835520720108.
Full textAbstract:
Retention of the distal phalanxes is important in the treatment of multiple digit amputations in infants to preserve the digit length and nail for functional and cosmetic reasons. We report the case of a 22-month-old boy with multiple digit amputations of his left index, middle, and ring fingers, which were severely mangled and not suitable for replantation. We propose the usefulness of the abdominal pocket method combined with composite grafts of the amputated phalanxes and nails and report the outcome of our case, with 2-year follow-up.
36
Müller, Dana, and Wolf Schwarz. "“1-2-3”: Is There a Temporal Number Line?" Experimental Psychology 55, no. 3 (January 2008): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.3.143.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Evidence suggests that numbers are intimately related to space ( Dehaene, Bossini, & Giraux, 1993 ; Hubbard, Piazza, Pinel, & Dehaene, 2005 ). Recently, Walsh (2003) suggested that numbers might also be closely related to time. To investigate this hypothesis we asked participants to compare two digits that were presented in a serial manner, i.e., one after another. Temporally ascending digit pairs (such as 2-3) were responded to faster than temporally descending pairs (3-2). This effect was, in turn, qualified by a local SNARC (spatial numerical association of response codes) effect and a local semantic congruity effect (SCE). Moreover, we observed a global numerical SCE only for temporally descending digit pairs. However, we did not observe a global SNARC effect, i.e., an interaction of numerical magnitude and the right/left response hand. We discuss our results in terms of overlearned forward-associations (“1-2-3”) as formed by our ubiquitous cognitive routines to count off objects or events.
37
Sadieda, Lisanul Uswah, and Agustin Eka Cahyani. "Identifikasi Mental Computation Siswa Disleksia dalam Melakukan Operasi Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan Bilangan Bulat." Jurnal Review Pembelajaran Matematika 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jrpm.2017.2.2.106-119.
Full textAbstract:
To describe mental computation strategies of the dyslexic student in performing the addition and subtraction of 1-digit and 2-digit integer. Mental computation is a process of doing arithmetic calculations without using other tools. This strategy will help dyslexic students find more accurate and flexible solution while solving the arithmetic problem because it can minimize their weaknesses in terms of reading and writing. This research uses the qualitative approach. Data were collected by using a task-based interview for two dyslexic students. The results of this study indicate that dyslexic students use the spin-around strategy to solve the addition for the 1-digit number and the working from the right and from the left strategies to solve the addition for the 2-digit number. Meanwhile, to solve the subtraction problem, dyslexic students use think addition and counting back strategies for the 1-digit number and Working from The Right strategy for the 2-digit number.
38
Moncrieff, Deborah W., and Richard H. Wilson. "Recognition of Randomly Presented One-, Two-, and Three-Pair Dichotic Digits by Children and Young Adults." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 20, no. 01 (January 2009): 058–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.20.1.6.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: To establish normative data for children and to characterize developmental differences in performance with the free recall version of the Randomized Dichotic Digits Test. Research Design: Group comparison of behavioral data derived from administration of the Randomized Dichotic Digits Test. Study Sample: Children from 10 to 18 years of age (167) and young adults from 19 to 28 years of age (50). Results: Performance improved with age across all types of digit pairs, especially in the left ear, leading to smaller interaural asymmetries among older participants. A left-ear advantage was produced by 39 subjects (18%), only two of whom were left-handed. Normative data are reported for right and left ear scores and for interaural asymmetry (percent correct difference between the two ears) under one-, two-, and three-pair conditions of the test and for interaural asymmetry across the entire test. A unilateral deficit was identified in children (15.5%) and young adults (12%) for the left ear and in children (11.3%) and young adults (6%) for the right ear. A bilateral deficit was also identified in children (6.5%) and young adults (6%). Conclusions: This test may be useful as part of the clinical battery for identifying binaural integration weaknesses and referring individuals for auditory rehabilitation for interaural asymmetry (ARIA).
39
Rollandini, Jobeth, Matthew James Sabo, and Mirsada Hasanovic. "Macrodystrophia Lipomatosa of a Fifth Digit." Foot & Ankle Specialist 7, no. 5 (March 30, 2014): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640014527125.
Full textAbstract:
Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) is a rare, nonhereditary, congenital malformation that primarily affects the proliferation of mesenchymal structures. It presents with localized macrodactyly of one or more digits. The characteristic pathology is associated with hypertrophic fibroadipose tissues, more so to the plantar aspect of the foot. This condition can pose a threat to vascular supply, innervation, and even joint function. We present a single case of a 4-year-old male patient who presented with progressive enlargement of a unilateral left fifth digit since birth. The patient became increasingly symptomatic. Amputation was the selected treatment, and on pathological review of the specimen, the diagnosis of MDL was confirmed. The patient is approximately 1 year postoperative and has recovered uneventfully with an improved quality of life. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of this condition with an emphasis on diagnosis through ancillary imaging results. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case report
40
Wilson, P., and P. J. Snow. "Effect of neonatal denervation of hindlimb digits on the somatotopic organization of lumbar spinocervical tract neurons in the cat." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 762–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.3.762.
Full textAbstract:
1. The effect of transection and ligation of the digital nerves of either one (toe 3) or two (toe 3 and toe 4) hindpaw digits, in the first postnatal week, on the tactile receptive fields (RFs) of spinocervical tract (SCT) neurons was studied in adult, alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats. Immediately before recording, the digital nerves of the corresponding digit(s) of the opposite, intact hindpaw were transected, and the neonatally lesioned digital nerves were recut proximal to the transection neuroma. 2. In the medial part of the dorsal horn at the L6-L7 level, the digits of the hindlimb are represented in the RFs of SCT cells in a precise axial sequence from the most medial digit (toe 2) rostrally to the most lateral digit (toe 5) caudally. Acute denervation of one or two digits in the adult produced an area in the ipsilateral dorsal horn in which SCT cells lacked any RFs. When acute denervation was restricted to a single digit, the unresponsive region of dorsal horn was approximately 3 mm in length, and when two digits were denervated the unresponsive zone was approximately 6 mm long. Because the representation of the toes of the left hindpaw is a mirror image of that of the right, the rostrocaudal extent and position of the region of unresponsive SCT cells was used to assess the location of the borders of the chronically deprived region on the opposite side of the cord. 3. In all cats examined after neonatal denervation of toe 3, most (89%) of the SCT cells sampled within the chronically deprived toe 3 representation had RFs. These RFs were either on toe 2 (44%) or toe 4 (18%), and a large proportion of cells (38%) had multiple RFs with components on both toe 2 and toe 4. In most cases the cells fired briskly to displacement of hairs or light touch of the skin within these RFs. SCT cells with a RF on toe 2 and/or toe 4 were found throughout the whole 3-mm length of the chronically deprived toe 3 region, but cells with a RF on toe 2 were more commonly found than cells with a RF on toe 4 at axial distances greater than or equal to 1.5 mm from the boundary of the normal representations of the respective digit. 4. After chronic, neonatal denervation of both toe 3 and toe 4, 59% of SCT cells sampled overall had RFs, but there was a large degree of interanimal variation in the proportion of unresponsive neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
41
INGLES, JANET L., and GAIL A. ESKES. "A comparison of letter and digit processing in letter-by-letter reading." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 14, no. 1 (December 14, 2007): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617708080119.
Full textAbstract:
The extent to which letter-by-letter reading results from a specific orthographic deficit, as compared with a nonspecific disturbance in basic visuoperceptual mechanisms, is unclear. The current study directly compared processing of letters and digits in a letter-by-letter reader, G.M., using a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) task and a speeded matching task. Comparisons were made to a group of six brain-damaged individuals without reading deficits. In the RSVP task, G.M. had increased difficulty reporting the target identities when they were letters, as compared with digits. Although this general pattern was also evident in the control group, the magnitude of the letter–digit accuracy difference was greater in G.M. Similarly, in the matching task, G.M. was slower to match letters than digits, relative to the control group, although his response times to both item types were increased. These data suggest that letter-by-letter reading, at least in this case, results from a visuoperceptual encoding deficit that particularly affects letters, but also extends to processing of digits to a lesser extent. Results are consistent with the notion that a left occipitotemporal area is specialized for letter processing with greater bilaterality in the visual processing of digits. (JINS, 2008,14, 164–173.)
42
Moon, Jeonghyeon, Kim Hillers, and Min Su Kim. "Primary bone hemangiosarcoma involving the 4th digit in a Siberian Husky dog." Veterinary Record Case Reports 8, no. 1 (January 2020): e000963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vetreccr-2019-000963.
Full textAbstract:
An 11-year-old female spayed Siberian Husky was presented with a left hind, swollen, bleeding mass involving digit 4. Radiographs revealed osteolytic lesions involving the distal phalanx (P3) and part of the middle phalanx (P2). Digit amputation was performed; histopathology was consistent with hemangiosarcoma. Although no signs of systemic involvement were detected around the time of amputation, the patient was euthanised 47 days later due to regional and distant metastasis.
43
Qin, Baodong, Ming Li, Fanyu Kong, and Daxing Li. "New left-to-right minimal weight signed-digit radix-r representation." Computers & Electrical Engineering 35, no. 1 (January 2009): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2008.09.007.
Full text
44
Wang, Y., J. Buchan, J. Deng, V. Raman, and C. Yang. "MA03.11 Cognitive Bias in Lung Cancer Surgery: The Left Digit Effect." Journal of Thoracic Oncology 16, no. 3 (March 2021): S143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.222.
Full text
45
Auger, Jacques, Dominique Le Denmat, Raymond Berges, Ludivine Doridot, Benjamin Salmon, Marie Chantal Canivenc-Lavier, and Florence Eustache. "Environmental levels of oestrogenic and antiandrogenic compounds feminize digit ratios in male rats and their unexposed male progeny." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1768 (October 7, 2013): 20131532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1532.
Full textAbstract:
Digit length ratios, especially the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D), are associated with various pathological and behavioural conditions in many species including humans and are dependent upon prenatal androgen to oestrogen balance. It is unknown whether digit ratios are modified by environmental exposure to ubiquitous endocrine disruptors . We studied the effect on adult male Wistar rat digit ratios of a gestational exposure to the oestrogenic and antiandrogenic compounds bisphenol A (BPA), genistein and vinclozolin, in low doses, and in combination with investigating in parallel a possible sexual dimorphism of this trait. We also investigated the effects on the male progeny not exposed during gestation. X-rays were taken of the left and right forepaws, and 2D–5D proximal to distal phalanx distances were measured by a standardized procedure based on semi-automatic image analysis. We provide evidence that there is a sexual dimorphism of digit ratios in the Wistar rat, and we found that BPA alone or in combination with genistein and vinclozolin significantly feminized digit ratios in male rats. Intriguingly, significant feminization of digit ratios was also found in the unexposed male progeny of males that had been exposed to compound mixtures. In conclusion, prenatal environmental levels of endocrine-active substances permanently disrupt digit ratios. Digit ratio measurement in adults is thus a promising biomarker of prenatal exposure to low-dose endocrine disruptors in rodents, with potential implications for future studies in humans.
46
JONES, M. E., S. BURNETT, A. SOUTHGATE, P. SIBBONS, A. O. GROBBELAAR, and C. J. GREEN. "The Role of Human-Derived Fibrin Sealant in the Reduction of Postoperative Flexor Tendon Adhesion Formation in Rabbits." Journal of Hand Surgery 27, no. 3 (June 2002): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2002.0752.
Full textAbstract:
This study assessed the role of a novel fibrin sealant (Vivostat®) in adhesion reduction after flexor tendon surgery. The deep flexor tendons of the 2nd and 4th digits of the left paw of 20 rabbits were exposed and a standard partial injury was performed on each. The rabbits were randomized to either immediate post-injury treatment with Vivostat® or no treatment. In each case active movement of the 2nd digit was prevented while the 4th digit was allowed to move normally. The two groups were assessed at 14 days for adhesion formation with a tensiometer. The right paw acted as the unoperated control. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the force needed to remove the tendon from its sheath when comparing the two Vivostat®-treated groups to the unoperated controls. There was, however, a highly significant difference in this force between the non-Vivostat®-treated groups and the unoperated controls. This suggests a beneficial effect of Vivostat® in reducing post surgical tendon adhesion formation.
47
Sahin, Ismail, Mustafa Nisanci, Andac Aykan, Serbulent Guzey, Serdar Ozturk, and Selcuk Isik. "Reconstruction of the One-Digit Foot with an Osteocutaneous Fibula Flap." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 5 (September 1, 2014): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.5.526.
Full textAbstract:
The decision to amputate or reconstruct after high-energy foot injuries is controversial. A 25-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with a complex injury to his left foot sustained during a mine explosion, and the second to fifth digits and metatarsals of the left foot had been traumatically amputated before admission to our facility. The complex left foot defect was reconstructed with an osteocutaneous fibula flap during a single session. An osteotomy was performed on the bone segment of the flap, and both lateral longitudinal and transverse arches were repaired. Both aesthetic and functional outcomes were very satisfactory, including independent ambulation, light jogging, and full performance of activities of daily living without limitation. Many factors, including comorbidities, should be considered during the decision-making process of amputating or reconstructing complex foot injuries.
48
Friedlander, K., R. Ko, R. Aper, G. Breur, and H. Towle. "Surgical treatment of simple syndactylism with secondary deep digital flexor tendon contracture in a Basset Hound." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 20, no. 03 (2007): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/vcot-06-11-0086.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryA five-month-old, female Basset Hound was presented for lameness associated with a fused 3rd and 4th digital pad on the left hind limb (simple incomplete syndactyly), and secondary contracture of the deep digital flexure tendon of the 3rd and 4th digit. An onychectomy of the third phalanx of the third and fourth digits was performed. Following the operation, the dog gained good use of the affected limb for one month until intermittent non-weight bearing lameness developed. A second surgery was performed six months later, partially removing the second phalanx of digits three and four. Follow-up reports indicate that the dog is doing well and is without lameness. This is the first report of deep digital flexor tendon contracture and surgical treatment of this complication in canine simple syndactylism.
49
Kemper, Susan, Donna Kynette, Shannon Rash, Kevin O'Brien, and Richard Sprott. "Life-span changes to adults' language: Effects of memory and genre." Applied Psycholinguistics 10, no. 1 (March 1989): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716400008419.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThree different language samples were collected from a group of young adults, 18 to 28 years of age, and a group of elderly adults, 60 to 92 years of age: an oral questionnaire eliciting information about the adults' background, education, and current health and activities; an oral statement describing the person they most admired; and a written statement recounting the most significant event in their lives. In addition, the WAIS vocabulary and digit-span tests were administered to the adults. Age-related changes in the length, clause structure, and fluency of the adults' oral answers and oral and written statements were investigated. There was an overall decrement in the complexity of adults' oral and written statements attributable to an age-related loss of left-branching clauses which occurred in all three language samples. Correlations between the length, clause, and fluency measures from the language samples and the education, health, and WAIS vocabulary and digit-span tests revealed that better-educated adults scored higher on the WAIS vocabulary test, produced longer utterances, and used more right-branching clauses, and that adults with greater memory capacity, as measured by the WAIS Digits Backward test, produced more complex utterances and used more right- and left-branching clauses. Judges found the statements from the elderly adults to be more interesting and clearer than those from the young adults. This finding suggests that there is a trade-off between producing complex syntactic structures and producing clear and interesting prose.
50
Kasielska-Trojan, Anna, Marian Danilewicz, and Bogusław Antoszewski. "Is There a Rationale behind Pharmacotherapy in Idiopathic Gynecomastia?" Hormone Research in Paediatrics 89, no. 6 (2018): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000487753.
Full textAbstract:
Background/Aims: The aim of this research was to analyze digit ratio in relation to estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and to verify digit ratio (2D: 4D) as a marker of ER and PR overexpression in the male breast. Methods: This study included 35 patients who underwent breast reduction due to the idiopathic form of gynecomastia. The average age of the studied individuals was 25.7 years (SD = 7.8). ER and PR expression was detected in breasts, and digit ratios were calculated in patients with idiopathic gynecomastia. Results: ER expression did not correlate with the right (p = 0.51) and left 2D: 4D (p = 0.97). Also, there was no correlation between PR expression and 2D: 4D. A lack of correlation between these variables may result from the fact that the analyzed group of men with idiopathic gynecomastia was small in number, but at the same time, it appeared to be homogenous in these aspects (positive ER and/or PR expression and high digit ratio). Conclusion: High digit ratio in men with gynecomastia may tend to be a marker of overexpression of ER and PR. This may justify an early use of tamoxifen in men with gynecomastia and a high digit ratio.