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Books on the topic 'Left periphery of sentence'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Axel, Katrin. Studies on Old High German syntax: Left sentence periphery, verb placement and verb-second. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2004.

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2

Studies on Old High German syntax: Left sentence periphery, verb placement and verb-second. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub., 2007.

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3

The syntax of multiple-que sentences in Spanish: Along the left periphery. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015.

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4

Kiss, Katalin E., ed. Event Structure And The Left Periphery. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4755-8.

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5

Kiss, Katalin É., ed. Event Structure and the Left Periphery. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4755-x.

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6

Dufter, Andreas, and Álvaro S. Octavio de Toledo, eds. Left Sentence Peripheries in Spanish. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.214.

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7

Lohnstein, Horst, and Susanne Trissler, eds. The Syntax and Semantics of the Left Periphery. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110912111.

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8

The clause structure of Wolof: Insights into the left periphery. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2013.

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9

Haegeman, Liliane M. V. Adverbial clauses, main clause phenomena, and composition of the left periphery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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10

Haegeman, Liliane M. V. Adverbial clauses, main clause phenomena, and composition of the left periphery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

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11

Left sentence peripheries in Spanish: Diachronic, variationist and comparative perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014.

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12

The left periphery: The interaction of syntax, pragmatics and prosody in Czech. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub., 2008.

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13

Gupton, Timothy. The syntax-information structure interface: Clausal word order and the left periphery in Galician. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2014.

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14

Bravo, Rodrigo Gutiérrez. Structural markedness and syntactic structure: A study of word order and the left periphery in Mexican Spanish. New York: Routledge, 2006.

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15

Structural markedness and syntactic structure: A study of word order and the left periphery in Mexican Spanish. New York: Routledge, 2005.

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16

Petrova, Svetlana. Introduction to Part I. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0002.

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This chapter provides an overview of the diachronic development of the left periphery in German. It introduces the OV/V2 asymmetry as a basic property of continental West Germanic syntax, as well as the components of the verb-second rule. On this basis, it surveys the rise of verb-second, elaborating on state-of-the-art in the beginning of the attestation, on the relation between V2 and the emergence of complementizers in Germanic, as well as on the role of Germanic sentence particles in the left periphery of the clause. In addition, orders challenging the validity V2 in German—such as verb-first, verb-third, and verb-final orders—are discussed. The chapter also discusses the role of information structure in movement to the left periphery, as well as the emergence of a special class of adverbial connectives, which develop from low adverbs and acquire a special status with respect to the left periphery.
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17

Lohnstein, Horst. Verum Focus. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.33.

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This chapter aims to shed light on a phenomenon first described asverum focusby Höhle. He characterizes its semantic effectas emphasizing the expression of truth of a proposition. In German, the phenomenon typically appears in the left periphery of main and embedded clauses. Höhle relates it to a linguistic object VERUM occuring in the syntactic/semantic structure of clauses. After presenting several approaches which make crucial use of VERUM, the concept oftruthand its linguistic realization in clausal structures is discussed. This leads to a perspective that connects verum focus to the part of the sentence that spells out the intention of the sentence meaning: the sentence mood. This line of reasoning intends to promote the view that verum focus can be derived from the systematic interaction of sentence mood with the regular properties of focus assignment.
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18

Axel-Tober, Katrin. Origins of verb-second in Old High German. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0003.

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This chapter investigates the characteristics of the left sentence periphery in Old High German. In the earlier OHG prose texts we still find some archaic characteristics of a non- or pre-verb-second grammar. These include residual and partly productive features of a non-conflated C-domain arguably inherited from Proto-Germanic or even Proto-Indo-European. On the other hand, there is ample evidence that the precursor of the so-called prefield position already existed in OHG and that it was already a target for both operator movement and Stylistic Fronting. All these phenomena shed interesting light on the question of which syntactic steps the language had to take in order consolidate its verb-second grammar.
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19

Paola, Benincà, and Munaro Nicola, eds. Mapping the left periphery. New York, N.Y: Oxford University Press, 2010.

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20

Massam, Diane. Niuean. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793557.001.0001.

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This book presents a detailed descriptive and theoretical examination of predicate-argument structure in Niuean, a Polynesian language within the Oceanic branch of the Austronesian family, spoken mainly on the Pacific island of Niue and in New Zealand. Niuean has VSO word order and an ergative case-marking system, both of which raise questions for a subject-predicate view of sentence structure. Working within a broadly Minimalist framework, this volume develops an analysis in which syntactic arguments are not merged locally to their thematic sources, but instead are merged high, above an inverted extended predicate which serves syntactically as the Niuean verb, later undergoing movement into the left periphery of the clause. The thematically lowest argument merges as an absolutive inner subject, with higher arguments merging as applicatives. The proposal relates Niuean word order and ergativity to its isolating morphology, by equating the absence of inflection with the absence of IP in Niuean, which impacts many aspects of its grammar. As well as developing a novel analysis of clause and argument structure, word order, ergative case, and theta role assignment, the volume argues for an expanded understanding of subjecthood. Throughout the volume, many other topics are also treated, such as noun incorporation, word formation, the parallel internal structure of predicates and arguments, null arguments, displacement typology, the role of determiners, and the structure of the left periphery.
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21

Horst, Lohnstein, and Trissler Susanne 1957-, eds. The syntax and semantics of the left periphery. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2004.

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22

Beeching, Kate, and Ulrich Detges, eds. Discourse Functions at the Left and Right Periphery. BRILL, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004274822.

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23

Egedi, Barbara. Word order change at the left periphery of the Hungarian noun phrase. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0005.

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This chapter studies the determination and the distribution of possessive constructions from Old to Modern Hungarian. The grammaticalization of the definite article in well-defined contexts had structural consequences, the most salient of which is the emergence of a new strategy for demonstrative modification, which is called determiner doubling throughout the paper. Word order variation arises due to the determiners’ interference with the possessor expressions at the left periphery of the noun phrase. The newly added demonstratives first adjoined to the noun phrase in a somewhat looser fashion: their combination with the dative-marked possessors resulted in a word order specific only to the Middle Hungarian period (Demonstrative-Possessor). At a later stage, demonstratives got incorporated into the specifier of the DP, giving rise to the fixed word order Possessor-Demonstrative, with the Possessor undergoing noun phrase internal topicalization, thus landing in a phrase-initial specifier position.
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24

Issues in the Left Periphery: A Typological Approach to Topic and Focus Constructions (Europäische Hochschulschriften). Peter Lang Publishing, 2006.

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25

Ermisch, Sonja. Issues in the Left Periphery: A Typological Approach to Topic and Focus Constructions (Europäische Hochschulschriften). Peter Lang Publishing, 2006.

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26

Speyer, Augustin. Stress clash and word order changes in the left periphery in Old English and Middle English. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199922765.013.0071.

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27

Event Structure and the Left Periphery: Studies on Hungarian (Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory). Springer, 2006.

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28

Discourse Functions at the Left and Right Periphery: Crosslinguistic Investigations of Language Use and Language Change. BRILL, 2014.

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29

Kiss, Katalin É. Event Structure and the Left Periphery: Studies on Hungarian (Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory). Springer, 2007.

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30

Haegeman, Liliane. Adverbial Clauses, Main Clause Phenomena, and Composition of the Left Periphery: The Cartography of Syntactic Structures, Volume 8. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2012.

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31

Gutierrez-Bravo, Rodrigo. Stuctural Markedness and Syntactic Structure: A Study of Word Order and the Left Periphery in Mexican Spanish (Studies in Linguistics). Routledge, 2005.

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32

Fuß, Eric. Introduction to Part III. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0011.

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This chapter provides an overview of Part III, which deals with various aspects pertaining to the right sentence periphery in historical stages of German. It outlines a set of issues that figure prominently in relevant current research, including the theoretical analysis of linguistic variation, the impact of information structure on word order (OV versus VO, in particular), and the historical development of verb clusters. In addition, the chapter includes brief summaries of the individual contributions, which focus on word order variation in the lower/right-most part of the middle field (and the post field), and properties of the so-called verbal complex located in the right sentence bracket.
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33

Mebazaa, Alexandre, and Mervyn Singer. Pathophysiology and causes of cardiac failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0151.

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Organ congestion upstream of the dysfunctional left and/or right ventricle, with preserved stroke volume, is the most frequkeywordent feature of myocardial failure.Clinical manifestations do not necessarily correlate with the degree of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (i.e. left ventricular ejection fraction).Systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction may be present, with systolic dysfunction usually predominating.Pulmonary oedema is related to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Compensatory mechanisms (within the heart and/or periphery) may prove paradoxically disadvantageous on ventricular stroke work and stroke volume.
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34

Bacskai-Atkari, Julia. The relative cycle in Hungarian declaratives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0004.

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This chapter examines word order variation and change in the high CP-domain of Hungarian embedded clauses containing the finite subordinating C head hogy ‘that’. It is argued that the complementizer hogy developed from an operator of the same morphophonological form, meaning ‘how’, and that its grammaticalization path develops in two steps. In addition to the change from an operator, located in a specifier, into a C head (specifier-to-head reanalysis), the fully grammaticalized complementizer hogy also changed its relative position on the CP-periphery, ultimately occupying the higher of two C head positions (upward reanalysis). Other complementizers that could co-occur with hogy in Old Hungarian eventually underwent similar reanalysis processes. Hence the possibility of accommodating two separate C heads in the left periphery was lost and variation in the relative position of complementizers was replaced by a fixed order.
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35

Palier, Bruno, Allison E. Rovny, and Jan Rovny. European Disunion? Social and Economic Divergence in Europe, and their Political Consequences. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.003.0011.

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This chapter demonstrates the economic and political dualization of Europe, and a growing divergence between two groups of countries as a result of the economic crisis. The first group of countries in the north of Europe, concentrated around Germany, Austria, and the Nordic countries, along with certain eastern European countries having close economic ties to Germany, has steadily emerged from the crisis and resumed a positive economic and social path. The second group, however, comprised mainly of the southern and eastern periphery, remains stuck in negative economic and social situations following the crisis. The chapter shows that despite the seemingly uniform rise of populist anti-EU challengers across Europe, these challengers differ significantly in the grievances they raise. Radical right parties are dominant in the center of Europe, while radical left parties outperform the radical right in the periphery, a dynamic that constitutes a second, political, dualization of Europe.
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36

Hinterhölzl, Roland, and Svetlana Petrova. Prosodic and information-structural factors in word order variation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0014.

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This chapter proposes an analysis that derives the word order variation in dependent clauses in OHG within a universal VO base order, plus additional cyclic leftward movement operations that target different information-structural projections in the complex left periphery of the clause. More precisely, it is argued that categories conveying contrastive information land in [Spec,FocP], with the finite verb targeting Foc° and marking the left edge of the new-information focus domain, while background information is placed further left, between ForceP and FocP. This positional realization of the verb and phrases expressing different semantic types of focus is considered a special strategy of disambiguating broad from narrow focus, as well as of avoiding the clash of two focus phrases in the middle field of clauses with multiple foci.
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37

Maher, Lynn M. Broca’s Aphasia and Grammatical Processing. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.9.

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Broca’s aphasia serves as a platform for discussions of the cognitive and neural mechanisms of sentence production and how those systems break down in individuals with damage in left inferior frontal regions beyond Broca’s area, suggesting a role for such regions in syntactic processing. Standardized and nonstandardized diagnostic tools facilitate assessment of comprehension and production of grammatical functions that can be impaired in Broca’s aphasia. Several treatment approaches address impairment in sentence production that emanates across various processes in sentence formulation. The nomenclature surrounding Broca’s aphasia provides a launching pad to guide analysis and intervention for the communication impairments experienced by these individuals.
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38

Arregui, Ana, María Luisa Rivero, and Andrés Salanova, eds. Modality Across Syntactic Categories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.001.0001.

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This volume explores the extremely rich diversity found under the “modal umbrella” in natural language. Offering a cross-linguistic perspective on the encoding of modal meanings that draws on novel data from an extensive set of languages, the book supports a view according to which modality infuses a much more extensive number of syntactic categories and levels of syntactic structure than has traditionally been thought. The volume distinguishes between “low modality,” which concerns modal interpretations that associate with the verbal and nominal cartographies in syntax, “middle modality” or modal interpretation associated to the syntactic cartography internal to the clause, and “high modality” that relates to the cartography known as the left periphery. By offering enticing combinations of cross-linguistic discussions of the more studied sources of modality together with novel or unexpected sources of modality, the volume presents specific case studies that show how meanings associated with low, middle, and high modality crystallize across a large variety of languages. The chapters on low modality explore modal meanings in structures that lack the complexity of full clauses, including conditional readings in noun phrases and modal features in lexical verbs. The chapters on middle modality examine the effects of tense and aspect on constructions with counterfactual readings, and on those that contain canonical modal verbs. The chapters on high modality are dedicated to constructions with imperative, evidential, and epistemic readings, examining, and at times challenging, traditional perspectives that syntactically associate these interpretations with the left periphery of the clause.
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39

Cardoso, Adriana. Remnant-internal relativization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198723783.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 investigates a specific configuration (dubbed “remnant-internal relativization”) in which the head noun and some modifier/complement related to it appear discontinuously (as in the so-called split or discontinuous noun phrases). It is argued that the analysis of remnant-internal relativization is of particular interest from the theoretical and diachronic point of view. Theoretically it can illuminate the long-standing debate between the right adjunction and the head raising analyses of RRCs, providing evidence in favor of the latter. From a diachronic perspective, it is argued that the loss of remnant-internal relativization with the modifier/complement in the left periphery of the Portuguese relative clauses might be due to a restriction on movement that emerges inside the DP, which blocks the extraction of the modifier/complement to a left peripheral position.
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40

Skopeteas, Stavros. Information Structure in Modern Greek. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.15.

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This chapter deals with the prosodic and syntactic reflexes of information structure in Modern Greek. The relevant properties of this language are: (a) the word order is sensitive to information structure, such that topics and foci target positions in the left periphery and background information is right dislocated; (b) the intonational nucleus depends on the focus domain and is realized through pitch accents; and (b) definite complements must be doubled through co-referent clitic pronouns if they are not accented, which depends on information structure. This chapter introduces these phenomena and outlines their interaction for the expression of information structural notions.
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41

Alqassas, Ahmad. A Unified Theory of Polarity Sensitivity. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197554883.001.0001.

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This book examines polarity sensitivity—a ubiquitous phenomenon involving expressions such as anybody, nobody, ever, never, and somebody and their counterparts in other languages, with particular focus on Arabic. These expressions belong to different classes such as negative and positive polarity, negative concord, and negative indefinites, which led to examining their syntax and semantics separately. In this book, Ahmad Alqassas pursues a unified approach that relies on examining the interaction between the various types of polarity sensitivity. Treating this interaction is fundamental for scrutinizing their licensing conditions. Alqassas draws on data from Standard Arabic and the major regional dialects represented by Jordanian, Egyptian, Moroccan, and Qatari. The book provides a new perspective on the syntax–semantic interface and develops a unified syntactic analysis for polarity sensitivity. Through the (micro)comparative approach, Alqassas explains the distributional contrasts with a minimal set of universal syntactic operations such as Merge, Move, and Agree, and a fine-grained inventory of negative formal features for polarity items and their licensors. The features are simple invisibles that paint a complex landscape of polarity. The results suggest that syntactic computation of Arabic polarity (externally merged in the left periphery) is subservient to the conceptual–intentional interface. Alqassas argues for last resort insertion of covert negation operators in the CP layer to interpret non-strict NCIs, which is an extra mechanism that serves the semantic interface but adds to the complexity of syntactic computation. Likewise, head NPIs in the left periphery require licensing by operators higher than the tense phrase, adding more constraints on the syntactic licensing.
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42

Manow, Philip, Hanna Schwander, and Bruno Palier. Conclusions: Electoral Dynamics in Times of Changing Welfare Capitalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.003.0012.

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The Conclusion summarizes the most important findings of the book. It states a homogenization of European party systems, the emergence of a new combination of leftist socio-economic and rightist socio-cultural positions in many parties, and the rise of the radical right in the north of Europe and the radical left in the south. The contributions of this book also indicate a confluence toward renewed welfare state support among both parties and voters. Finally, center-right parties in power in continental and northern European countries, being under pressure from their rising radical right competitors, push for tougher austerity measures throughout the EU. These measures, or even just the rhetoric, further fuel the success of the radical left in the southern periphery. Hence, the Europeanization of political dynamics, combined with incompatible growth models, has created pronounced European cleavages.
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43

Aboh, Enoch. Information Structure. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.004.

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This chapter discusses the cartographic approach to clause structure according to which information structure directly relates to syntactic heads that project within the clausal left periphery. This view is supported by data from languages in which information-structure-sensitive notions (e.g. topic, focus) are encoded by means of discourse markers that trigger various constituent displacement rules. Such empirical facts are compatible with the cartographic view in which lexical choices condition information packaging and clause structure. Put together, the cross-linguistic data presented in this chapter indicate that [FOCUS], [TOPIC], and [INTERROGATIVE] represent formal features that are properties of lexical elements and may sometimes trigger generalized-piping and snowballing movement.
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44

Clemens, Lauren, and Diane Massam, eds. Polynesian Syntax and its Interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860839.001.0001.

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This volume presents research in theoretical syntax and its interfaces with semantics and prosody within the Polynesian language family, with chapters focusing on Hawaiian, Māori, Niuean, Samoan, and Tongan. It includes in-depth analyses of issues within particular languages, as well as chapters that take a comparative-Polynesian approach. Theoretical issues addressed include ergativity and case systems, word order variations, modality and superlatives, causativization, negation, resumption and linearization, raising, the Extended Projection Principle (EPP), and the left periphery of both the sentential and nominal domains. The volume showcases the theoretical typology of Polynesian languages with their varying case systems, word orders, and isolating particle-based morphology.
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45

Cardoso, Adriana. Discontinuous noun phrases and remnant-internal relativization in the diachrony of Portuguese. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0003.

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This chapter investigates syntactic change regarding the availability of split noun phrases in relative clauses in the diachrony of Portuguese. In earlier stages of the language an element that is thematically dependent on the head noun (either as a complement or as a modifier) may not appear adjacent to it but in a relative clause internal position. In Contemporary European Portuguese, noun phrase discontinuity also arises in relative clauses, but only with the modifier/complement in the rightmost position. The word order with the modifier/complement at the left periphery of the relative clause is not allowed. The change is explained as being due to the loss of a left-peripheral position for contrastive focus within relative clauses (and possibly other types of subordinate clauses). Hence, the contraction of clause structure and the concomitant loss of movement are taken to constrain the possibilities of phrasal discontinuity found in earlier periods.
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46

DiGirolamo, Cara M. Word order and information structure in the Würzburg Glosses. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0008.

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This chapter deals with the interface between Syntax and Pragmatics by examining argument fronting in Old Irish non-poetic Glosses. Relying on lexical and contextual indicators of discourse function, three Information Structure patterns can be identified: aboutness topic; contrastive topic; and focus. Aboutness and contrastive topic are often resumed and do not mark relativization on the verb, suggesting that they are left dislocation structures. Focus is most commonly expressed through clefts, although clefts in Old Irish can be morphologically opaque. Modern Irish has all these structures besides a non-clefted focus structure, which is likely derived from interpreting morphologically opaque clefts as topicalization. In sum, this paper argues that Old Irish has a set of productive argument fronting positions with distinct and conventional information structural properties that can be analysed in terms of an articulated left periphery, and that these fronting positions are the direct ancestors of fronting positions in Modern Irish.
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47

Kiss, Katalin É. Discourse Functions. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.24.

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The chapter first summarizes the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties of the topic–comment structure in the Hungarian sentence. It describes the topic as a constituent external to the extended verbal projection, binding an empty argument in the comment, derived by topic movement or base-generated in situ. The topic functions as the logical subject of predication. Then the chapter discusses the focus–background articulation of the comment. The Hungarian sentence structure contains a designated focus position at the left edge of the comment. The focus elicits verb movement. The Hungarian focus construction, expressing exhaustive identification, is analysed as a predication structure both syntactically and semantically. It is claimed to represent specificational predication, with the background determining a set, and the focus referentially identifying its members.
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48

Jäger, Agnes, Gisella Ferraresi, and Helmut Weiß, eds. Clause Structure and Word Order in the History of German. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.001.0001.

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Over roughly the last decade, there has been a notable rise in new research on historical German syntax in a generative perspective. This volume presents a state-of-the-art survey of this thriving new line of research by leading scholars in the field, combining it with new insights into the syntax of historical German. It is the first comprehensive and concise generative historical syntax of German covering numerous central aspects of clause structure and word order, tracing them throughout various historical stages. Each chapter combines a solid empirical basis and valid descriptive generalizations with reference also to the more traditional topological model of the German clause with a detailed discussion of theoretical analyses couched in the generative framework. The volume is divided into three parts according to the main parts of the clause: the left periphery dealing with verbal placement and the filling of the prefield (verb second, verb first, verb third orders) as well as adverbial connectives; the middle field including discussion of pronominal syntax, order of full NPs and the history of negation; and the right periphery with chapters on basic word order (OV/VO), prosodic and information-structural factors, and the verbal complex including the development of periphrastic verb forms and the phenomena of IPP (infinitivus pro participio) and ACI (accusativus cum infinitivo). This book thus provides a convenient overview of current research on the major issues concerning historical German clause structure both for scholars interested in more traditional description and for those interested in formal accounts of diachronic syntax.
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49

Morgan, Kimberly J. Varieties of Electoral Dilemmas: Partisan Jousting over Welfare States and Immigration in a Changing Europe. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.003.0005.

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This chapter examines the dilemmas that parties face in the welfare democracies as they attempt to respond to shifting constituencies, the rise of new issues, and steadily growing rival parties on the periphery of the party system. Based on an analysis of parties’ positions on immigration and the welfare state in sixteen countries using data from the Comparative Manifesto Project, and a closer look at electoral campaigns in Britain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Sweden, the chapter shows how pushing too far with market reforms or austerity policies opens up the center-left and center-right parties to electoral challenges, in particular during the Great Recession from 2008–12. The rising salience of immigration on political agendas across the continent, on the other hand, puts pressure on the center parties while fueling the growth of radical right-wing parties.
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50

Kenny, Paul D. Broker Autonomy and the End of Indian National Congress Party Dominance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807872.003.0005.

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Abstract:
This chapter examines how India’s patronage-based system became unstable, connecting the increase in broker autonomy that followed Nehru’s death in 1964 to a shift in partisan control away from the Congress at the subnational level. The increase in broker autonomy following Nehru’s death was subtle but highly significant. With the separation of the dual government and party authority that had allowed Nehru to arbitrate between competing factions at the state level, Congress factions could compete more openly and prosper as distinct parties, resulting in the fragmentation of the patronage network between center and periphery. This left the Congress party in control at the center but in opposition in several of India’s most populous states. The chapter argues that the crisis of the Congress system was driven by the de facto removal of central control over the subnational units of the party that followed Nehru’s death rather than economic decline.
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