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1
Mokgalong, Samuel. "Enhancing integrated development planning to alleviate the legacy of apartheid planning." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22728.
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The research serves to gain a deeper understanding as to the reasons behind the persistence of the apartheid planning legacy. This is done through a discourse analysis of integrated development planning, a planning tool introduced into South Africa to address the consequences of apartheid. Thus the aim of the Research is to: 1. Understand the underlying values and meanings of the discourses used in the many iterations of the City's Integrated Development Plans (IDPs); 2. Explore if, and how, these values and meanings have changed since 2002; 3. Establish what has prompted a change in the adopted values and meanings contained within the different iterations of the City's IDPs; and 4. Critically assess how altered values and meanings have impacted on planning actions and outcomes. Research Methods used are the case study method, discourse analysis, institutional ethnography and archival research. More specifically, a case study on Cape Town and a discourse analysis of different iterations of the City's IDP (a method done in conjunction with archival research). These IDPs being the 2002, 2007 and 2012 IDP. The findings show that the values and meanings have indeed changed since the 2002 IDP. This change is mainly attributed to the dynamic nature of Cape Town's political context over time, as well as its socio-economic context. This change has resulted in the poor no longer being prioritized and empowered through integrated development planning. It is also seen that the shift towards a more managerial approach to planning, which is seen in the IDP, has come at the expense of actions and outcomes which successfully redress the legacy of apartheid planning. A result which clearly contributes to the persistence of the apartheid planning legacy.
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Montejo, Fernando Jr. "Life after mega-events : strategically reusing legacy parks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111427.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 94-103).<br>A great deal of research has scrutinized the mixed legacy of staging "mega-events" such as World's Fairs (or Expos) and Olympic Games. Host cities regularly invest billions of dollars building the facilities and supporting infrastructure needed to accommodate millions of visitors over a fixed period of time. In doing so, they also consume hundreds of acres of land, including large masses of urban space in which core activities are clustered. An analysis of urban mega-events over the past century and a half indicates that numerous host locations have converted core event grounds into large urban parks. This thesis investigates the post-event reuse of urban parks built on these fairgrounds. Through investigative research, interviews, and onsite fieldwork of selected post-event "legacy" parks, prevailing issue areas concerning their viability and accessibility are identified. Drawing on the experiences of Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, a large park built on the former grounds of two World's Fairs in New York City, this thesis suggests strategic public space reuse and management approaches for Flushing Meadows and other legacy parks confronting similar challenges. The idea that post-event parks must be preserved as democratic and accessible civic spaces is stressed, particularly in light of increased privatization of the urban public realm.<br>by Fernando Montejo.<br>M.C.P.
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Breiner, Amber Leigh. "Stewardship planning on conservation easements in the Forest Legacy Program /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7999.
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Farndon, D. "Planning for socially just outcomes : planners, politics and power in the Olympic legacy planning process." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1508299/.
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This thesis explores whether mega event-driven development can achieve socially just planning outcomes by investigating how the development in London’s Olympic Park regeneration masterplan - the Legacy Communities Scheme (LCS) planning application - was rationalised by the actors involved (particularly planners), and assesses whether the LCS’s planning outcomes were socially just. The thesis firstly critically reviews conceptualisations of social justice within the planning and urban studies literature, thus informing a normative framework of ‘socially just planning outcomes’, adapted from Fainstein’s three ‘Just City’ principles, against which to assess the LCS. This theoretical framing is accompanied by an examination into the functioning of power in the planning decision-making process, drawing from analytical concepts relating to agency, agenda setting, and rationality. Through analysis of the LCS application’s documentation and in-depth stakeholder interviews, the main planning outcomes of the LCS are established, focusing on housing, employment, open space, and education land uses. How actors engaged in the LCS’s planning decision-making process reflected on and rationalised their support/objections to these outcomes is then examined. Subsequently, the role of power in shaping the LCS is discussed, with consideration to the exceptional governance arrangements, technical expertise, agenda setting, and the consensual, ‘closed-door’ approach to decision making. The thesis concludes that the LCS only partially provides outcomes that meet the ‘Legacy promises’ and the ‘socially just planning outcomes’ criteria. These outcomes closely align with national government objectives to ensure the delivery of the ‘Legacy’ development and recoup Olympic expenditure. This was primarily secured by the LCS applicant’s technical viability rationalisations, premised on maximising financial returns, which were largely accepted by the planners within the Olympic planning authority when assessing the LCS. This constrained the application of local planning policy and development objectives, and thus the influence of rationalisations advanced by the Boroughs’ planners and councillors.
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MacAdam, L. Lane. "Legacy Planning for Major Multi-Sport Events vs Faith, Hope and Charity!" Thesis, Laurentian University of Sudbury, 2011. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/484.
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Not unlike many nations that have bid for and hosted major multi-sport events, franchise holders and their backers in countries around the world routinely cite a number of benefits that will accrue to their country in order to garner the public and private support required to successfully bid for and stage international level major multi-sport events.
These benefits include: sport development; social, cultural, economic and community
benefits, among others, derived from hosting international level sport events.
Canada has an enviable record of hosting major multi-sport events. We have staged
them often and we have hosted them well. Since 1967, Canada has hosted almost
every major multi-sport event available to it. Billions of dollars in public expenditures have been made in support of these events from all levels of government. But do the promises that are made to convince governments, community leaders and the general public deliver the benefits that they advertise?
This research paper will examine the legacy aspects of major multi-sport games from
the vantage point of community development, economic impact and in particular sport benefits. It also offers a conceptual framework to evaluate the sport benefit
legacies and introduces the Major Event Return Legacy Index (MERLIN©).
The prospect of hosting a major multi-sport event attracts a multitude of eager bidders in pursuit of tangible and intangible legacies for a nation. However, the rising complexity and spiraling expenditures necessary to secure, plan and stage these events require more robust assessment tools to properly measure the cost/benefit of supporting these mega projects. This research paper will contribute to the body of knowledge available to assist franchise holders and policy makers in determining the true legacy benefits that can be derived from hosting a major multi-sport event instead of relying on faith, hope and charity!
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Sagoe, Cecil. "English planning and governmentality : the case of the London Legacy Development Corporation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10043514/.
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This thesis investigates how contemporary English planning operates as a system of governmentality. It explores what policy agendas, what rationalities of governing, and which governance actors have shaped the London Legacy Development Corporation’s (LLDC’s) housing and regeneration plans for London’s Olympic area. In doing so, the thesis discusses how English planning’s structural technologies and statutory spaces of governing currently operate to shape the production of local-level plans. Crucially, the LLDC’s planning process offers an important opportunity to observe in real time the structuring impacts of the English planning system on a Local Plan production process. This thesis adopts a broad conceptual approach which draws from Foucauldian literature, critical approaches to neoliberalism, relational approaches to multi-level governing, the regulatory capitalism discourse, and critical pragmatism. To gather research data, a multi-method approach was employed comprising process observation, participant observation, planning document analysis and interviews. This thesis presents three key findings. Firstly, that English planning has structured the LLDC into privileging economic growth goals, market-based criteria, the role of the private sector, financial considerations, and technocratic forms of governing within their housing and regeneration plans; although this thesis discusses other policy goals and rationalities of governing that have also shaped the LLDC’s plans. Secondly, that English planning’s structural technologies of governing, and statutory spaces within the LLDC’s planning framework, have empowered governance actors who are privileging these policy goals and rationalities of governing to exert chief influence over the LLDC’s housing and regeneration plans. Thirdly, that governance actors who are challenging these policy goals and rationalities of governing, and seeking to privilege social justice goals and principles, have had marginal influences on the LLDC’s plans. Bringing these findings into conversation with this thesis’ conceptual framework, the argument is developed that in the arena of local-level planning English planning currently operates as a system of neoliberal governmentality.
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Zhang, Zhuo. "A planning approach to migrating domain-specific legacy systems into service oriented architecture." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9020.
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The planning work prior to implementing an SOA migration project is very important for its success. Up to now, most of this kind of work has been manual work. An SOA migration planning approach based on intelligent information processing methods is addressed to semi-automate the manual work. This thesis will investigate the principle research question: 'How can we obtain SOA migration planning schemas (semi-) automatically instead of by traditional manual work in order to determine if legacy software systems should be migrated to SOA computation environment?'. The controlled experiment research method has been adopted for directing research throughout the whole thesis. Data mining methods are used to analyse SOA migration source and migration targets. The mined information will be the supplementation of traditional analysis results. Text similarity measurement methods are used to measure the matching relationship between migration sources and migration targets. It implements the quantitative analysis of matching relationships instead of common qualitative analysis. Concretely, an association rule and sequence pattern mining algorithms are proposed to analyse legacy assets and domain logics for establishing a Service model and a Component model. These two algorithms can mine all motifs with any min-support number without assuming any ordering. It is better than the existing algorithms for establishing Service models and Component models in SOA migration situations. Two matching strategies based on keyword level and superficial semantic levels are described, which can calculate the degree of similarity between legacy components and domain services effectively. Two decision-making methods based on similarity matrix and hybrid information are investigated, which are for creating SOA migration planning schemas. Finally a simple evaluation method is depicted. Two case studies on migrating e-learning legacy systems to SOA have been explored. The results show the proposed approach is encouraging and applicable. Therefore, the SOA migration planning schemas can be created semi-automatically instead of by traditional manual work by using data mining and text similarity measurement methods.
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Hoolachan, Andrew. "Scalar politics : sustainability planning under Localism and the delivery of London's Olympic legacy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269398.
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This thesis seeks to address a research gap concerning the relationship between the Localism Act 2011 and planning’s central purpose of achieving sustainable development. In addition it uses a physical example in urban space to illustrate the main arguments, and in doing so adds to the growing literature on the various outcomes since the Localism Act was enforced across England in 2011. The thesis asks four inter-related questions: Firstly, regarding the theoretical bases of sustainability and localism from the various ontologies of ‘scale’ and ‘the natural’; secondly, regarding the general conflicting assumptions within localism and sustainable development; thirdly, regarding the ways in which sustainable development is inherently multi-scalar; and lastly how our case study example highlights the need for policy-makers to examine the often overlooked trade-offs which exist in normative sustainable development models. The thesis also demonstrates the role that site-specific research can play in grounding theoretical and policy discussions. The research is situated in the rapidly changing sub-region of East London, particularly in the shadow of the 2012 Olympic regeneration of Stratford and the Borough of Newham. We take the example of a failed upgrade due the Localism Act, of a multi-scalar and multi-functional ‘Greenway’ to consider the relationship between localism and sustainable urbanism in the context neo-liberalism. Methods comprise site-based analysis in the form of walking, photography and note-taking, the analysis of national, metropolitan and local planning documents, as well as interviews with officials related to policy and design in the area and local residents. The research finds that national and metropolitan conceptions of sustainable development are weighted differently to those at local scales. In addition the Localism Act exacerbates planning capacities between Local Authorities and the communities they serve. There are some opportunities for neighbourhood planning but these are dependent on local capacities, widening already-existing socio-spatial inequalities. The thesis concludes by destabilising the widely used idea of sustainable development as a ‘balance’ between social, economic and environmental needs. Viewing sustainability through a scalar lens, in our case using a physical site and the policy of Localism, we are able to reveal the material differences between sustainable development agendas which have been criticised for masking over conflict in a post-political manner for the continuation of ‘status quo’ economic development trajectories.
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Kinahan, Kelly L. "Neighborhood Revitalization and Historic Preservation in U.S. Legacy Cities." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1463599566.
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Biziouras, Sotiris A. (Sotiris Agis) 1972. "Enriching the legacy of Athens' 2004 Olympic Village : the role of information technology infrastructure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64554.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-66).<br>The year is 2004. Athens, the capital of Greece is hosting the Olympic Games for the first time in 108 years. Athens, to accommodate the needs of the XXVIII Olympiad, has altered the form of the city through major infrastructure projects. The Olympic Village, as one of these projects, is a place with significant information infrastructure and transformation capabilities that will contribute to the future development of Athens. In this thesis, I examine the post-Olympic development of Athens' Olympic Village. Although the Greek government has decided that the Village will be used for housing, I believe that other forms of development should be explored. Under the hypothesis that the presence of information technology infrastructure provides a unique opportunity for post-Olympic development, this thesis proposes an alternative solution for the Village's future development. Through research on the experience of previous Olympic Villages, presentation of the current situation of the Athens Olympic Village, and evaluation of the role of information technology infrastructure on urban structures, I propose an alternative post-Olympic development for the Village; a proposal that not only values the Village's role in the surrounding community but also the potential of the Village to become a major technology center which will aid the future development of Athens.<br>by Sotiris A. Biziouras.<br>M.C.P.
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Rosales, Rick. "A legacy of excellence the USAF weapons school's challenge to maintain standards." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FRosales.pdf.
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Keating, Alexander M. (Alexander Matthew). "Redeveloping division : the legacy of conflict and contested space in post-peace treaty Belfast, Northern Ireland." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59752.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-104).<br>This thesis examines the ways in which the phenomena of walling, ethnic segregation, sectarian violence, and imbalanced urban development have continued to reproduce themselves and reinforce one another in the present day, post-Good Friday city of Belfast. Situated within an understanding of the historic patterns of urban development and sectarian conflict in Belfast, as well as the city's emerging socio-spatial divergence, three case studies of present-day management and development at key 'interface' areas in North, West, and East Belfast are presented. These case studies highlight the continued legacy of violent conflict on present-day development outcomes, as well as help to frame the impact that these outcomes have on the emergence of divergent visions of desired post-conflict urban development. Ultimately, this thesis underlines why interface management, urban development, and the mitigation or escalation of violent conflict must not be addressed as separate functions within the context of chronic violence by examining how the Belfast's legacy of urban violence has conditioned the restructuring of physical space at various scales, and has itself subsequently been conditioned by those outcomes.<br>by Alexander M. Keating.<br>M.C.P.
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Prats-Abadia, Esther. "On the systematic reuse of legacy data in distributed object-based enterprise resource planning software." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2000. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34563.
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The study concerns the development and testing of a systematic approach to reuse of legacy data. A key aspect of the approach is that it is designed to transform relational data, as might typically be stored in a source database, into object-oriented data. By building upon and extending the use of a set of general-purpose software engineering concepts the systematic approach has many potential application areas. However, within this study focus has been on testing the utility and practicality of the approach in the domain of enterprise resource planning (ERP). The systematic approach is based on a process consisting of four main steps, two of which are centred on the use of an algorithm which was conceived and developed to automate the processing of relational schema and data input by expert users so that object schema can be drawn out, new object classes can be added and redundant object classes removed.
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Jordahl, Haley. "Zoning for industry in a post-industrial era : the legacy and potential of Chicago's downtown planned manufacturing districts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105065.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 116-121).<br>In 1988, Chicago established a unique zoning mechanism intended to preserve manufacturing space in its downtown: the planned manufacturing district (PMD), which protects production-oriented land use in gentrifying neighborhoods where industrial buildings are at risk of conversion to housing or commercial space. The PMDs were rooted in an effort to retain manufacturing business, and the employment they supported, amidst structural deindustrialization and downtown gentrification. In the 28 years since, Chicago's downtown development pattern has followed a decidedly post-industrial trajectory: the City has pursued an economic development strategy focused on service-sector growth, and industrial employment in the Loop has declined precipitously. Fifteen PMDs continue to exist, however, and half are concentrated in the neighborhoods that ring the downtown. In 2014, Chicago's second-oldest steel mill, Finkl Steel, relocated its production facility from Lincoln Park, a high-income residential neighborhood north of the Loop, leaving a 40-acre parcel vacant and creating the largest downtown redevelopment opportunity in 30 years. The opening of the FInkI Steel site, coupled with a thriving tech sector eager to convert industrial space to office use, has sparked renewed debate over the value and purpose of industrial areas in downtown Chicago. This spring, the City launched a public review process intended to explore potential mixed-use development in its downtown PMDs. Chicago's downtown PMDs have not yet been examined to understand how, or whether, they continue to hold the high-value industrial work they were intended to preserve. This thesis uses business and employment data, coupled with a series of in-person stakeholder interviews, to illustrate the economic and employment dynamics of three downtown PMDs between 2005 and 2013. Though the districts have lost industrial employment more rapidly than the City of Chicago, they are swiftly adding work in non-industrial sectors. This thesis contends that the flexible structure of Chicago's PMDs has allowed them to serve as spaces for employment growth; however, as a land use tool, industrial zoning does not have the capacity or teeth to ensure that emerging opportunities for work are high-value. "It is becoming a recognized fact that the power, growth, and advancement of a city is limited only by the measure of united civic interest of its people. The stronger and more vital the community spirit, the greater and more influential a city. It is this spirit which gives Chicago its great world distinction." Wacker's Manual of the Plan for Chicago, 1916 "The antimony of neighborhood versus downtown - a long-standing, urban grass-roots metaphor - was transformed in Chicago and elsewhere in the 1980s to portray a new set of development choices: manufacturing versus the service economy; blue-collar jobs versus low-wage McJobs; job generation versus real estate development; industrial expansion versus downtown growth; credit-starved neighborhoods versus the growth of the finance industry; targeted local hiring versus regional business climate; and minority / female businesses versus efficiency." "Spatial Change and Social Justice: Alternative Economic Development in Chicago," Robert Giloth & Robert Mier "At a time when jobs and economic opportunity are desperately needed across all neighborhoods, it pays to shine a bright light on the planned manufacturing district and the city's industrial retention policies and plans, and to ultimately ask the question of who benefits from these industrial land use decisions." "Pull the plug? No way. Let's power up the Clybourn industrial corridor," Mike Holzer.<br>by Haley Jordahl.<br>M.C.P.
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Woodman, Brett. "The Effect of Season of Fire on Post-fire Legacies in Northwestern Ontario Red Pine (Pinus resinosa) Mixedwoods." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/969.
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Prescribed burns are employed in the southern boreal forest of northwest Ontario, Canada, as a method of re-instating fire in this fire-dependent landscape. They are also used to manage fuel loads associated with tree mortality from defoliating insects and from blow-downs, as well as in-site preparation following harvest. The natural fire season in boreal Canada typically runs from April through September and is most often characterized by stand replacing fires. However, prescribed burns in northwestern Ontario are mostly scheduled for October when fire crews and equipment are available and fire hazard is reduced. In this study, three recent fires: a spring prescribed natural fire, a summer wildfire, and a fall prescribed burn were examined to assess the effect of season on post-fire legacies in red-pine mixedwood stands in Quetico Provincial Park, northwestern Ontario. Legacies were assessed by tree, shrub and herb species composition, and by measurements of structure such as litter depth, basal areas of live trees and coarse woody debris. Tree species diversity was nearly identical. Post-fire stand structure varied widely between the different sites. The spring treatment experienced the least mortality of trees (10% of basal area dead); the summer treatment had the highest mortality (100%); and the fall prescribed burn was intermediate with 49% dead. The effect of the fall burn on the forest was probably more intense than that of a comparable natural fall fire because of the way in which it was managed, thus partly compensating for the late season. <br /><br /> This research suggests that all fires are not equal. Different post-fire structure will have lasting ecological implications such as varying edge to interior ratios, and forest habitats. From a policy perspective this is important because maintaining ecological processes including fire is mandated for some provincial parks. In addition, the new Fire Policy for Ontario has established targets to limit wildfires, and permit ecologically renewing fires, without recognition of the variability of the effects of fire or fire legacies.
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Park, In Kwon. "Essays on a City’s Assets: Agglomeration Economies and Legacy Capital." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269458854.
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Miles, Peter Harry. "Philippine international tourism and the role of marketing communications." Thesis, University of Derby, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369901.
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Kafi, Kambiz. "Critical Success Factors for Integration of Enterprise Resource Planning System." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-28656.
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Title: Critical Success Factors for Integration of Enterprise Resource Planning System Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Master Degree (one year) in Business Administration Author: Kambiz Kafi Supervisor: Dr. Maria Fregidou-Malama Examiner: Dr. Ehsanul Huda Chowdhury Date: 2018-11-26 Aim: This study examines the Critical Success Factor (CSF) model and its implementation in a case study where ERP Systems are integrated. The model includes Legacy System as a CSF. Method: Deductive reasoning and case study were applied to support the research theory. Primary and secondary data were collected. Interviews with managers and staffs were performed. Result & Conclusions: The study shows the factors that are critical in successful implementation of ERP project and how a successful implementation and integration of ERP projects is executed when two companies are being merged. It also shows how the ERP integration project can be implemented. This work studied an implementation of Holland and Light’s theoretical CSF model empirically and validated that the model is general and robust for successful ERP implementation and managing changes. Contribution of the research: This study of integration of few Legacy Systems when companies are being merged is a contribution to the theory of CSF. The central role that Legacy Systems plays in ERP project implementation is shown empirically. This study presents Software Alignment (Software Configuration) based on two company’s business processes empirically and found it to be essential in success of ERP projects. The research shows how CSF model manages changes, assisting managers in merging two companies successfully. The research presents a modified Holland and Light CSF model to meet the merging situations. Suggestions for future research: To gain more knowledge about CSFs for integration of ERPs, this study suggests further cross- industrial empirical studies in wholesale and retail industries with varied sizes. Research about identifying CFSs in extended ERP using e_CRM is recommended.
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Ng, Chun-shing Michael, and 吳進成. "Critically analyze the role and legacy of small house policy for sustainable development in the New Territories." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894239.
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Chiawah, Tambei. "Relationship Between Enterprise Resource Planning System and Organizational Productivity in Local Government." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6409.
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Organizations experience challenges despite efforts to increase productivity through implementing large-scale enterprise systems. Leaders of local government institutions do not understand how to achieve expected and desired benefits from the implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Lack of alignment between social and technical elements in ERP implementation depresses organizational productivity. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine whether social and technical elements increase use and productivity in ERP implementation. The research questions addressed the relationship between ERP and organizational efficiency, cross-functional communication, information sharing, ease of ERP use, and ERP usefulness. Sociotechnical systems theory provided the theoretical basis for the study. Data were collected from online surveys completed by 61 ERP users and analyzed using Wilcoxon matched pairs statistics and Spearman's correlation coefficient. Findings indicated a positive significant relationship between ERP and information sharing, a positive significant relationship between ERP system quality and ease of ERP use, and a positive significant relationship between ERP system quality and organizational productivity. Findings may be used by local government leaders, technology managers, and chief information officers to ensure ERP sustainability and increase productivity.
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Sperry, Benjamin Robert. "An investigation of induced travel at mixed-use developments." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2695.
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Abreu, Fabio Lanzillotta de. "Pontos críticos para o desempenho dos voluntários na operacionalização de megaeventos esportivos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13794.
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Previous issue date: 2015-02-24<br>The purpose of the presentation is to analyze the main issues in the operationalization of a sports mega-event when thousands of volunteers become the work force without receiving any kind of remuneration, as Brazil will host, during the decade, important mega-events of that kind and will be in need voluntary workforce. For that reason, an explorative qualitative research was conducted, by means of individual interviews with volunteers having previous experience in sports events and with managers of the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Organizing Committee, in order to take a closer look at the analysis on incentives, event planning, organization during the event and the legacy in the vision of these two groups.<br>O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os pontos de atenção na operacionalização de um megaevento esportivo, em que milhares de voluntários participam como força de trabalho, sem qualquer tipo de remuneração, considerando que o Brasil, nesta década, sediará importantes megaeventos e precisará contar com o uso de mão de obra voluntária. Para tal, foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, por meio de entrevistas individuais em profundidade com voluntários que apresentavam experiências anteriores em eventos esportivos e com gestores do Comitê Organizador dos Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos do Rio de Janeiro em 2016. Assim, aprofundou-se as análises sobre motivação, planejamento do evento, organização durante o evento e legado, na visão destes dois grupos
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Pereira, Rafael Henrique Moraes. "Distributive justice and transportation equity : inequality in accessibility in Rio de Janeiro." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3552ca9f-25c0-4d2f-acdd-0649de911afc.
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Public transport policies play a key role in shaping the social and spatial structure of cities. These policies influence how easily people can access opportunities, including health and educational services and job positions. The accessibility impacts of transport policies thus have important implications for social inequalities and for the promotion of just and inclusive cities. However, in the transportation literature, there is still little theoretically informed understanding of justice and what it means in the context of transport policies. Moreover, few studies have moved beyond descriptive analyses of accessibility inequalities to evaluate how much those inequalities result from transport policies themselves. This is particularly true in cities from the global South, where accessibility and equity have so far remained marginal concerns in the policy realm. This thesis builds on theories of distributive justice and examines how they can guide the evaluation of transport policies and plans. It points to pathways for rigorous assessment of the accessibility impacts of transport policies and it contributes to current discussions on transportation equity. A justice framework is developed to assess the distributional effects of transport policies. This framework is then applied to evaluate recent transport policies developed in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in preparation to host sports mega-events, such as the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, which included substantial expansion of the rail and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) infrastructure. This research presents ex-post analyses of the policies implemented between 2014 and 2017 and ex-ante analysis of an as yet unfinished BRT project. It evaluates how the planned transport legacy of those mega-events impacted accessibility to sports venues, healthcare facilities, public schools and job opportunities for different income groups. The results show that there were overall accessibility benefits from the expansion in transport infrastructure between 2014 and 2017, but these were generally offset by the reduction in bus service levels that followed an economic crisis that hit the city after the Olympics. Quasi-counterfactual analysis suggests that, even if the city had not been hit by the economic crisis, recent transport investments related to mega-events would have led to higher accessibility gains for wealthier groups and increased inequalities in access to opportunities. Results suggest that those investments had, or would have had, greater impact on inequalities of access to jobs than in access to schools and healthcare facilities. The evaluation of the future accessibility impacts of the unfinished BRT corridor, nonetheless, indicates that such project could significantly improve access to job opportunities for a large share of Rio's population, particularly lower-income groups. Spatial analysis techniques show that the magnitude and statistical significance of these results depend on the spatial scale and travel time threshold selected for cumulative opportunity accessibility analysis. These results demonstrate that the ad-hoc methodological choices of accessibility analysis commonly used in the academic and policy literature can change the conclusions of equity assessments of transportation projects.
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Van, der Westhuizen Jonathan Eugene. "Land use planning mandates: a quest for legal certainty." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18592.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>This thesis focuses on the lack of legal certainty with regard to the exercise of planning law mandates of the respective spheres of government in South Africa. An attempt is made to uncover the reasons for the lack of legal certainty by looking at the pre-1994 planning regime and the regulatory framework inherited by the new dispensation. Thereafter, the subsequent Constitutional and legislative developments are outlined and areas of confusion are identified. Reasons are given for why cooperative governance has failed to allay such confusion. Lastly, the subsequent attempts by the judiciary and the legislature are analysed to see whether they have successfully provided for the legal certainty needed.
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MORELLATO, MASSIMO. "Reputational capital and olympic events: a case study of whistler live!" Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/29578.
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Mega events such as the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games present unique opportunities to increase the economic and social capital required by destinations to be competitive on the global tourism stage. Engaging Games and community stakeholders in the networks needed to organize and deliver such events is central to creating sustained and positive legacies. Network building and maintenance can occur at a variety of levels and scales. Effective and sustained networks depend on and are shaped by the social and reputational capital created through the process of managing various dimensions of the event. One of the more recent Games’ dimensions used as a vehicle for creating social capital is the Cultural Olympiad.
This dissertation creates and tests the utility of a conceptual model in identifying how event organizers strategically select stakeholders and nurture network relations to build the reputational capital needed for sustained competitiveness. It builds this model based on premises and principles emerging from literature related to corporate social responsibility, social capital development, reputational capital creation, Olympic mega-event legacies, tourism destination branding and community based sustainability planning. The study tests the model’s usefulness through a case study of the stakeholders, networks, and outcomes created in the development and delivery of Whistler’s portion of the 2010 Winter Games Cultural Olympiad – ‘Whistler Live!’. It explores the ways in which Whistler engaged its stakeholders and partners so as not only to meet its immediate Olympic goals, but also to contribute the longer term reputation and sustainability of the resort community.
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Kennedy, Patrick C. (Patrick Conrad). "Renegotiating chapter 121A agreements : legal and financial considerations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75518.
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Brown, Alison P. "Land tenure and forestry in Scotland : a socio-legal study with particular reference to crofter forestry." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388943.
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This thesis explores the relationship between land tenure and land use, and specifically, the involvement in woodland management of tenants holding land under crofting tenure in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. In the early 1990s, several changes to the social and political context of land use in Scotland were occurring. Forestry policy began to reflect growing environmental concerns; agricultural policy encouraged diversification of land use and farm incomes; and changes to land tenure were being proposed and debated, with crofting tenure taking a prominent place. Tenancy as legal and social relations, and the way in which law is constructed and interpreted are explored. A socio-legal approach was used, drawing on the perspectives of sociology and geography of law. A combination of qualitative methods were used, including in-depth interviews with tenants and with staff of a range of organisations, questionnaires, and analysis of public records, legislation, judicial decisions and the press. Applications by tenants throughout Scotland for planting grants were taken as a starting point. Of the relatively small number of such applications, it was found that the vast majority of tenants involved in woodland schemes were crofters. Two types of crofter initiative were seen, those by households and those by villages on common grazings. These were investigated, in order to explain their type and geographical distribution, reflecting both the regulatory framework and the state of community life and crofting. Improving the environment and the benefits of shelter and fencing, rather than timber production, were the main motivations, reflecting the opportunities given by the changes in forestry policy. Unlike agricultural tenants, crofters' status as tenants was not seen as an obstacle that had to be overcome, and there are many other reasons why crofters do not become involved in woodland. In general, though, their legal rights are of little concern to crofters until a conflict arises. A small minority of village schemes, however, ran foul of the legislative provision that landlords must give consent.
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Skarzauskaite, Jurate. "Overview of legal framework and territorial planning process for coastal zone management." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32778.
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This Master Thesis “Overview of legal framework and territorial planning process for costalzone management” was done in the Master’s Programme in Sustainable Technology at theRoyal Institute of Technology.Cities in coastal areas and islands in particular have a special interest due to the particular rolethey may acquire as growth poles and gates to their hinterland in a broader process of spatial integration but also as centers of growing economic activities such as tourism, transport andfishing. Furthermore, they are also important as areas, which face increasing pressures from amultitude of actors for development with diverse interests. As a consequence their planning should be seen in the context of broader spatial strategies.Planning is an important tool for the integrated coastal zone management, but in order to beeffective it should be accompanied with a variety of policy instruments, put in timely action,developed in a strategic manner with a long term vision and take into consideration the interconnections across spatial levels.The study focused on the legal framework and territorial planning legislations analysis and comparison between two countries in the Baltic Sea region: Sweden and Lithuania. The main attentions was paid for the coastal zone management framework as they are on the increasing pressure through anthropogenic activities, such as building of new roads, hotels, private summer houses and so on. In this case, the study analyzes two harbors – relocation ofLoudden Port in Stockholm, Sweden and expansion of Klaipeda State Seaport in Klaipeda,Lithuania. In both cases the situation is complicated and involves social, economical, cultural aspects.Many different stakeholders with different interest are involved in planning process. It was overviewed the obstacles and the legislations failings concerning territorial planning andpublic participation in it, because despite big efforts to improve the integrated coastal zonemanagement, still exist barriers such as bureaucratic inertia, opposition to changes, conflicts coming from multiple interests, overlapping of local, regional and national competencies anddifficulties of cooperation among different bodies.The Thesis work was also concentrated on public participation in territorial planning process.Both countries differ in cultural social, economical, historical aspects. Consequently, theplanning and participatory processes are different in each country. In order to reveal better the existing situation concerning Klaipeda State Seaport expansion, there were questioned different stakeholders involved in this process.<br>www.ima.kth.se
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Sarkawi, Azila Ahmad. "The legal considerations of neighbouring lands in development planning : the Malaysian context." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431135.
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Schultheis, Eric (Eric Waibel). "Socio-spatial entanglement theory, the I2S2A method, and civil legal service realized accessibility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107082.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 174 blank.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-173).<br>Most spatial and social service accessibility studies are unidimensional; they examine one dimension of service accessibility in isolation. These unidimensional studies are not responsive to the realities of service usage. This is because unidimensional service accessibility studies implicitly assume that spatial and social service accessibility factors are not entangled with one another. Everyday experience and common sense conflict with a unidimensional conceptualization of service accessibility. For instance, the ease of traveling twenty five miles to receive a service is different for the single dad receiving public assistance with no car and the single adult who has stable employment and a car. In fact, many types of differences between users could result in substantive differences in how service accessibility is experienced. In this thesis, I develop a theory, socio-spatial entanglement theory, and method for realized service accessibility research. Socio-spatial entanglement theory is a way of theorizing service accessibility that accounts for the why and how of service accessibility. Socio-spatial entanglement theory posits that spatial and social service accessibility factors are necessarily entangled and that these entanglements capture and explain the lived-experience of service accessibility. This theory is based on applied Critical Realist conceptions of the ontology of the social world. I also develop a method, the integrated, interactive socio-spatial accessibility (12S2A) method, to explain socio-spatial entanglements and generate explanations of the why and how of realized service accessibility. The 12S2A method is informed by Critical Realist understandings of how researchers can know the social world. Lastly, I apply socio-spatial entanglement theory and the 12S2A method to explain the factors and causal mechanisms that mediate civil legal service usage amongst low-income households. These explanations allow policy makers and civil legal service providers to design interventions that target the underlying phenomena that impact service usage in furtherance of increasing realized access to civil legal services.<br>by Eric Schultheis.<br>Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Studies
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Bressler, Mark Scott. "The city as entrepreneur : a legal rationale for sharing the profits of downtown development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/71373.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH<br>Bibliography: leaves 56-58.<br>by Mark Scott Bressler.<br>M.C.P.
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Osman, Elizabeth Helen. "Rural land sharing communities in South Australia : planning and legal constraints to their development." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envo83.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 103-106. This research is concerned with rural land sharing communities in South Australia. The state's planning system is examined to see what mechanisms it possesses for dealing with communal or any other unconventional development, and what the main planning constraints are. A case study of an actual development application for a rural land sharing community is examined.
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Sabatino, Gianmatteo. "Legal Models of Development Planning - A Comparative Inquiry in Dialogue with China and Europe." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/246517.
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Why should a legal scholar be interested in development plans? The present work begins and evolves with such question in mind. In order to provide an answer, the research focuses on certain major epiphanies of modern development planning and tries to isolate their legal characters. Therefore, the first issue to be addressed is the identification of “legal models” of development planning. The legal nature and legal effects of planning acts is still not clear and moves along fuzzy borders between traditional categories of mid-twentieth century planning (socialist and nonsocialist) and modern soft law planning documents and guidelines. In the first place, the research will try to assess the notion of planning in a legal perspective as well as the legal features of the planning acts/planning norms. The objective of this phase is to decide whether or not, and to which extent, socio-economic development planning may be thought of legally. In order to do so, I will carry out an analysis from the perspective of legal anthropology. In the second place, the research will focus on the definition of the legal features of modern development planning in the People’s Republic of China, through the analysis of the relevant legal formants, with the purpose of determining whether or not the identification of a Chinese “development planning law” is logically feasible. In the third place, I will question and verify the existence of development planning acts and norms in European Law. The purpose of the phase is on one hand to reconstruct and define the legal value of the regulatory framework for the functioning of European development policies. On the other hand, at this stage certain categories and practical solutions verified on the “Chinese front” may be applied to the European context. In the fourth place, i.e. in the conclusive chapter, I will try to draw some results of the comparative analysis carried out, as well as to trace an evolutionary pattern, determining how legal models of development planning affect, on a global scale, the changes in the role of the state in its relationship with the market.
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Luk, Kwok-on Anthony, and 陸國安. "The incorporation, role and legal-requirements of Environmental ImpactAssessment (EIA) in the Hong Kong planning system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258669.
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Guo, Yuchen. "Public participation in the marine spatial planning process : lessons learned from theoretical, legal, and empirical perspectives." Thesis, University of Hull, 2017. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16468.
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Public participation is a crucial component in environmental decision-making. The accepted wisdom is that participatory decision-making is a good thing. However, there is no single solution for designing and implementing public participation. The participation pattern in the marine planning context should be different from those applied in other decision-making processes in order to address the particular challenges and demands of marine management. Few studies have focused on public participation in marine planning, especially in the English marine planning context. This thesis fills this knowledge gap by studying public participation in English marine planning from theoretical, legal and empirical perspectives. This thesis addresses three research questions. First, what is the appropriate participation strategy for English marine planning? Second, to what extent does the current legal regime ensure effective public participation in marine planning and other marine-related decision-making? Third, how have the requirements for participation been implemented in marine planning practices? To investigate these questions, this thesis constructs a pluralist rationale for participation, including normative, substantive and instrumental dimensions, which fits the English marine planning context. The appropriate strategy for participation is identified. This strategy will contribute to fulfil the pluralist rationale for participation in marine planning process. The thesis also reviews the relevant legal framework at the international and domestic levels, to examine to what extent these legal regimes can support the implementation of public participation in the marine decision-making context. Finally, as a qualitative case study, the process and outcome of participation in producing the English East Inshore and Offshore Marine Plans are evaluated to reveal the deficiencies regarding participation in the English marine planning regime.
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Luk, Kwok-on Anthony. "The incorporation, role and legal-requirements of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in the Hong Kong planning system /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1403654X.
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Thaxton, Teresa Ann. "Architectural codes : written and implied in the retail street." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21607.
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ZIMMERMANN, MARCIO PEREIRA. "TECHNICAL E LEGAL ASPECTS RELATED TO THE EXPANSION PLANNING OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN THE BRAZILIAN NEW INSTITUTIONALONAL FRAMEWORK." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11489@1.
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Até meados da década de 90 o setor elétrico brasileiro era
constituído predominantemente por empresas verticalmente
integradas, com controle estatal, federal ou estadual. A
partir do ano de 1995, seguindo uma tendência
internacional, começou a ser implantada uma reforma do
modelo então vigente, com a promulgação da Lei n. 9.074.
Com essa lei, foram dados os primeiros passos na direção de
introduzir a competição na geração e na comercialização de
energia elétrica, bem como iniciou-se o processo de
privatização da distribuição. No ano seguinte foi criada a
Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica. Em 1998, como
resultado do Projeto de Restruturação do Setor Elétrica (RE-
SEB), a Lei n. 9.648 instituiu o Mercado Atacadista de
Energia, e fez surgir um novo tipo de agente - os
comercializadores. Além disso, esta lei estabeleceu o
Operador Nacional do Sistema Elétrico - ONS. Assim, sem
entrar no mérito de se analisar a eficiência, pode-se
afirmar que no marco regulatório anterior (oriundo do
projeto RESEB) as questões da operação eletro-energética,
bem como da comercialização de energia elétrica, ficaram
bem delineadas. Entretanto, a função planejamento ficou
para ser discutida e detalhada em uma segunda etapa, que
não aconteceu. Na realidade, ocorreu uma mudança da
estrutura que dava suporte ao planejamento setorial. Foi
extinto o Grupo Coordenador do Planejamento dos Sistemas
Elétricos (GCPS), coordenado pela ELETROBRÁS, e em seu
lugar, instituiu-se o Comitê Coordenador do Planejamento da
Expansão dos Sistemas Elétricos (CCPE), na esfera do MME.
Também, conferiu-se ao planejamento da expansão da geração
e da transmissão um caráter indicativo. Essas mudanças,
associadas à instabilidade que se verificou nas equipes
responsáveis pela elaboração do planejamento, nos últimos
anos, reduziram, na prática, a eficácia dessa função. Com o
novo marco regulatório, consubstanciado pelas Leis no.
10.847 (criação da Empresa de Pesquisa Energética - EPE) e
10.848 (Nova Lei de Comercialização de Energia), de 15 de
março de 2004, ocorreu o resgate dessa importante função
integradora, atualmente em fase de consolidação e por meio
do Decreto n. 5.267 houve a reestruturação do Ministério
de Minas e Energia, com a criação de uma Secretaria de
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Energético que coordenasse
este processo, a qual veio instrumentar o MME, para que o
art. 174º da Constituição Federal efetivamente fosse
implementado, já que planejamento é função indelegável do
Governo. Este trabalho tem dois objetivos básicos: (i)
descrever os principais aspectos do ordenamento regulatório
vigente para o setor elétrico brasileiro, analisando as
diversas leis e decretos e suas sucessivas atualizações,
destacando o papel das instituições criadas e
contextualizando a importante função do planejamento
setorial; e (ii) analisar a questão do planejamento
energético no marco regulatório mais recente, com ênfase no
setor elétrico, destacando as responsabilidades pela
condução do processo de planejamento, as etapas de
implementação, a inter-relação do setor elétrico com os
demais setores energéticos, bem como os aspectos técnicos,
econômicos e metodológicos associados nos horizontes de
curto (10 anos) e longo (30 anos) prazos.<br>From the Law nº 9,074, issued in 1995, the Brazilian
electrical sector experienced the starting of a reform in
its institutional framework. Following an international
trend, this law introduced the competition in the
generation and commercialization areas, as well as started
the privatization process of the distribution companies. In
the following year, the electrical sector regulatory agency
was created. In 1998, as a result of the Electrical Sector
Restructuring Project (RE-SEB), the Law nº 9,648 set the
Wholesale Energy Market, e a new type of agent emerged -
the trading companies. Besides that, this law created the
Independent System Operator. Therefore, without analyzing
how efficient it was, one can state that in the
institutional framework introduced by the RE-SEB Project,
the issues related with system operation and energy trading
were well defined. On the other hand, the expansion
planning aspects were neglected and left to be discussed
and detailed in a second phase, which did not take place.
Actually, a change on the institutional arrangement that
supported the expansion planning activities was introduced:
The Electrical System Planning Coordination Group (GCPS),
chaired by ELETROBRÁS, was replaced by the Electrical
System Expansion Planning Coordination Council (CCPE), now
under the MME. Also, the generation expansion planning
became indicative. These changes, associated to the
irregularity of the staff in charge of the planning
studies, led to the decrease of the effectiveness of this
important function in the last years. However, the new
institutional framework put in place in 2004 with the Laws
no. 10,847 (establishment of Empresa de Pesquisa
Energética - EPE) and 10,848 (New Energy Trading Law)
promoted the renovation of this very import integrating
function, which is now in a consolidation phase. This work
has two basic objectives: describe the main aspects of the
electrical sector legal framework, analyzing the several
laws and decrees and their updating, highlighting the new
institutions and the important function of the expansion
planning; and (ii) analyze the issue of the energy planning
in the new institutional framework, with emphasis in the
electrical sector, stressing the roles of the institutions
involved in the planning process, the implementing phases,
the interface between the electrical sector and the other
energy sectors, as well as the technical, economic and
methodological aspects associated to the short (10 years)
and long (30 years) term planning horizons.
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Van, Schalkwyk Catherine Louie. "A legal perspective on the role of municipalities in navigating the relationship between land use planning and mining." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30447.
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The legislative and executive powers dealing with mining and land use respectively are allocated to different spheres of government. Mining rights are issued by the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), as representative of the national government, whereas land use and zoning are regulated by municipalities, the local sphere of government. According to a 2012 ruling by the Constitutional Court of South Africa, a mining right holder cannot commence mining activities, despite holding the mining right, unless and until the land is appropriately zoned by the municipality in whose jurisdiction the land is located. The separate functions of the two spheres of government make duplication in application processes inevitable. The potential for conflicting decisions is also apparent. This project aims to determine how alignment of the respective processes of obtaining a mining right and land use approval can provide for better co-operation between the responsible government authorities. This question translates into two sub-inquiries: a) How do municipalities currently regulate land use for mining purposes? b) Should municipal rezoning procedures be incorporated into the application process for mining rights? These issues are considered by examining three selected municipalities’ rezoning procedures and policies and comparing these to the requirements of mining right applications. The thesis investigates the extent to which these procedures overlap and are duplicated. Potential policy changes are explored, to suggest streamlining application processes by providing a more cohesive solution. The three selected municipalities are the City of Cape Town Municipality in the Western Cape Province, the Sol Plaatje Municipality in the Northern Cape Province and the City of uMhlathuze Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal Province. The thesis shows how poor intergovernmental relations and processes hamper effective co-operation and collaboration between the DMR and municipalities. While it is imperative that each government institution retains legislative and executive authority over their respective constitutional powers – DMR over mining activities, and municipalities over land use issues – the thesis argues that greater efforts at process alignment or synchronisation are necessary. It offers suggestions for improvement.
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Joscelyne, Kimberly. "The nature, scope and purpose of spatial planning in South Africa : towards a more coherent legal framework under SPLUMA." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19785.
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Planning law has a significant role to play in facilitating and governing development within a country. In South Africa, a shift has occurred from the utilisation of planning laws to regulating development, to facilitating it. A key area of this legal discipline is spatial planning, which determines the ideal utilisation and allocation of an area for certain land uses. The history of spatial planning in South Africa, and more specifically in the Western Cape, is an interesting one as the planning system that exists is fragmented and fraught with confusion. This has resulted in issues, confusion and conflicts which has resulted in numerous court cases. Previous attempts to reform the planning regime have proven to be somewhat unsuccessful as inherent challenges persist whilst new challenges have arisen. Prior to the introduction of the Constitution, spatial planning was utilised to promote Apartheid ideologies. In 1994 South Africa entered into a democratic era, entrenching equal rights and subjecting all laws to the Constitution. This had hefty impetus for spatial planning and its instruments which, to a large extent, were racially biased and therefore became unconstitutional. The legal regime governing spatial planning was tasked with addressing the ills of apartheid and simultaneously striving towards the goal of sustainable development. Issues and challenges have arisen, which have resulted in a fragmented and incoherent planning dispensation. These challenges and issues include the persistence of old order planning legislation and sector policies with activities operating parallel to the planning discipline. Consequently, there is overlap and confusion with regard to the purpose and legal status of spatial planning instruments. To address this at the national sphere, in 2013 contemporary planning reform was embarked upon, with the enactment of Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 (SPLUMA). In light of recent planning reform triggered by the commencement of SPLUMA, the aim of this dissertation is to determine if SPLUMA provides a more coherent legal regime governing spatial planning in South Africa. This is pursued by understanding the role spatial planning has had in South Africa, by determining the nature, scope and purpose that spatial planning under the legal regime prior to SPLUMA. During Apartheid a dichotomy of planning systems existed, where different areas were governed by different laws which were underpinned by racial segregation. This resulted in significant issues of fragmentation and confusion. The transition to democracy brought about significant changes to the legal landscape, including planning as the nature, scope and purpose of spatial planning was tasked with addressing the ills of apartheid and promoting sustainability. Although legislative reform was triggered by democracy, clarity of the legal framework governing spatial planning did not occur. One of the contributing factors of this was the persistence of old order legislation and the spatial planning instruments it provided for. The commencement of SPLUMA has triggered wholesale reform which aims to provide a more coherent legal regime governing spatial planning. Positive strides towards this are evident, including the uniform approach which is applicable throughout South Africa that SPLUMA adopts.
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Larsson, Stefan. "Law and Spatial Planning. Socio-Legal Perspectives on the Development of Wind Power and 3G Mobile Infrastructures in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-00595.
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This PhD thesis in Spatial Planning argues for the importance of understanding the approaches to knowledge and rationalities embedded in spatially relevant decision-making. It emphasises the significance of seeing law as an empirical object of study for planning and environmental management. The Swedish development of wind power and 3G mobile infrastructures are used as cases to study these issues of principal interest. It is a compilation thesis consisting of a comprehensive introductory framework and five articles or chapters that have also been published elsewhere. The study is based on three main perspectives: Level of decision-making, legitimacy of different forms of knowledge involved in the process, and the sociolegal tension between formal law and its practical consequences. The thesis deals with problems stemming from the multi-level tensions in the planning and implementation that exist between the national, the regional and the local authorities. The legal context is analysed from the sociolegal perspective, in particular how the juridification of siting and permit conflicts determines what type of knowledge that can legitimately affect the decision-making and thereby set conditions for public participation. Finally, the thesis elaborates on the largely counterproductive results of the strong emphasis on efficiency in the revision of planning and permit processes for wind power and 3G-infrastructure, and what can be learnt from the experiences of the attempts at increasing efficiency. A combination of methods has been employed in the studies, and the data comes from a range of sources such as a large set of mast building permits, a sample of wind permit cases, as well as appealed permit cases. In addition, interviews have been conducted with judges from relevant courts, including regional handling officers who assess wind turbine applications. Legal documents such as preparatory work and licence conditions have also been analysed. The results show that there is a legal-rhetorical adaptation to the expert-based decision-making in court when permits are appealed. Further, the administrative levels interact poorly in the overall implementation. The national decisions, irrespective of the normative viewpoint of who should control the landscape planning, could be better informed of the preconditions at a local level that factually define the outcome of the implementation. The author, Stefan Larsson, holds a PhD in Sociology of Law, an LLM and is a sociolegal researcher who generally studies issues in the intersection of conceptual, sociolegal and technological change. The thesis has been supervised by Professor Lars Emmelin, The Swedish School of Planning, BTH, and co-supervised by Professor Karsten Åström, the Department of Sociology of Law, Lund University. The thesis is the result of research within the programme Tools for environmental assessment in strategic decision-making, MiSt, funded by The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Centre for Work, Technology and Social Change at Lund University.<br><p>Full text available: http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=4587806&fileOId=4 588973</p>
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Pacífico, Filho Valdecir José. "A repartição do chão e as condições administrativas e legais para o surgimento de Piracanjuba ( 1831/1886)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3494.
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Previous issue date: 2016-06-14<br>This paper seeks to understand the process of transferring a ground
portion for the formation of Pouso Alto term, to its development as a city with the
name of Piracanjuba in 1886. The development concept was discussed as
transition between the village category, village or district, town and city. The
understanding of the process in question is inserted into the legal and
administrative form for the implementation of the municipality, which as a rule
began with the appearance of the village. The first decades of the 19th century
were also marked by the presence of the Church as arm of the State
administrative power, where they were present in the same space, the laws and
norms of the Church and the state, the regulation of urban education. That is
why we had to show the process of secularization of the pious and public space
and regulation of urban life as it strengthened the liberal policy and the presence
of local authorities, which was obscured by the presence of Canon Jose Olinto
in policy Pouso Alto that formed because the landing of troops intensified,
possibly due to the creation of the Port of Santa Rita do Paranaiba. The
research is inserted in Brazil's imperial period, specifically between the years
1831-1886, a period that was directly influenced by significant administrative
changes, from the creation of the General Councils of the 1824 Constitution, law
of October 1 1828 which regulated the elections for councilors and justice of the
peace, police regulated the positions and the creation of provincial assemblies
in 1834. Given the existence of two arms of the regulatory power of the urban
space, we decided to analyze the religious and secular legal texts and official
settlements, as the reports of the provincial presidents, maps, records of real
estate, inventories and land records, we consider not as a representation of
reality, but as a personification of the dominant mentality. We use two types of
historiographical sources, the text (journals, dissertations, theses, and academic
research) and dried laws (Decrees, Laws, Resolutions and Constitution of 1824)
of the imperial period. Care being taken to cross the information contained in the
laws with the constant analysis of the textual sources in order to confront them
so that they corroborate or come to show discrepancies ideological or regional
analyzes to demonstrate the nuances between the legal and the everyday<br>Este trabalho busca entender como se deu a formação dos chãos para a
constituição e consolidação de Pouso Alto, bem como os trâmites legais e
administrativos necessários para o seu estabelecimento. A pesquisa terá como
recorte temporal os anos 1831 até 1886, época em que o povoado foi elevado à
categoria de cidade, quando se passou a ser chamado de Piracanjuba. A
distribuição do chão em Pouso Alto está diretamente ligada ao patrimônio leigo e
ao patrimônio público, tornando-se inconsistente a conclusão à cerca da
distribuição do chão em decorrência do patrimônio religioso pela fragilidade dos
vestígios. No Brasil, as primeiras décadas do século 19 ainda estavam marcadas
pela presença da Igreja enquanto braço do poder administrativo do Estado, por
esta razão se fizeram presentes em ambas as instituições, as leis e as
normatizações sob a regulamentação da formação urbana. Por outro lado,
evidenciou-se, também, o processo de secularização do espaço pio, do espaço
público e das regulamentações da vida urbana, sobretudo, à medida que se
fortalecia a política liberal e a presença do poder local, obscurecida pela presença
de Cônego José Olinto na política de Pouso Alto. Esta política se formou devido o
pouso de tropas intensificado, possivelmente, devido a criação do Porto de Santa
Rita do Paranaíba. A pesquisa encontra-se inserida no período imperial do Brasil,
especificamente entre os anos de 1831 a 1886, período que foi diretamente
influenciado por significativas mudanças administrativas, a partir da criação dos
Conselhos Gerais, da Constituição Política de 1824, lei de 1º de outubro de 1828
que regulamentou as eleições para vereadores e juiz de paz, normatizou as
posturas policiais e a criação das Assembleias Provinciais, em 1834. Para tanto se
analisou os textos legais religiosos e seculares e os assentamentos oficiais, como
os relatórios dos presidentes de província, mapas, registros dos bens de raiz,
inventários e registros de terras, que os consideramos não enquanto representação
da realidade, mas enquanto personificação da mentalidade dominante. Utilizou-se,
também, duas categorias de fontes historiográficas, as textuais (revistas,
dissertações, teses, e pesquisas acadêmicas) e leis secas (Decretos, Leis,
Resoluções e a Constituição de 1824) do período imperial. Havendo o cuidado de
cruzar as informações contidas nas leis com as análises constantes das fontes
textuais no sentido de confrontá-las para que se corroborassem ou viessem a
mostrar discrepâncias de análises ideológicas ou regionais, no sentido de
demonstrar as nuanças entre o legal e o cotidiano. O entendimento do processo de
distribuição do chão está inserido na forma legal e administrativa para a
implantação da municipalidade, que via de regra se iniciava com o surgimento da
vila.
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Visis, Sanghirun Riegle Rodney P. "Administrator and teacher responses to legally mandated, learner-centered educational reform an examination of instructional dilemmas in a Thai private vocational school /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3064537.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2002.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed January 26, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Rodney P. Riegle (chair), William Rau, Albert Azinger, George Padavil. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-156) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Pettersson, Maria. "Renewable energy and the function of law : a comparative study of legal rules related to the planning, location and installation of windmills." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Samhällsvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18758.
Full textAbstract:
Swedish energy policy relies heavily on the promotion of renewable energy, in particu-lar wind power. Notwithstanding a substantial political and economic support for this development, the installed capacity of wind power in Sweden remains fairly small both in relation to the corresponding development in other countries and in absolute num-bers. The starting point for this study is that the implementation of a planning policy, such as the Swedish development goal for wind power, is partly dependent on the re- quirements of the law. In other words, in the face of supposedly strong economic incen-tives to promote wind power, barriers to the implementation might be found embedded in the institutional system. The purpose of this study is thus, primarily, to describe and analyse the function of Swedish law with reference to the implementation of renewable energy policy objectives, with focus on the development of wind power. This involves legal rules related to planning, location and operation of windmills. The legal system is evaluated in respect of its capacity to facilitate or impede the development of wind power. Secondly, the study includes a comparative analysis of the corresponding legal functions in Denmark, Norway and England. The result of the analysis of Swedish law indicates that the legal system governing the implementation process encompasses bar- riers to the development of wind power. The main obstacles are found in the system for physical planning and the concession system, although quite a few hindering individual provisions have also been disclosed. The lack of sufficient control functions together with an extensive municipal power creates an unpredictable and ineffective planning system that basically lacks confidence for an efficient implementation of wind power. The installation of windmills may further require as many as five different types of permits, which risks to seriously hamper the development due to lengthy processes and appeals. Among the individual rules, the location requirement in the Swedish Environ-mental Code strikes as notably hindering; the requirement to objectively assess alterna-tive sites has in several cases obstructed the installation of windmills. Overall, the im- plementation deficits are considerable. The examination of the corresponding legal functions in Denmark, Norway and the United Kingdom presents some very important differences with respect to planning control and permit requirements, as well as regard-ing substantial provisions. Generally, it looks as if there is a correlation between the level of overarching control over the physical planning on the one hand, and the poten-tial to successfully implement renewable energy policy objectives on the other. Time-limits for permit procedures, legal standards for emissions, explicit rules for the balanc-ing of opposite interests and so forth, are other interesting features that may be em-ployed in Sweden. A realization of the Swedish wind power planning goal will thus presumably require changes of the law. The most important issue is perhaps to reduce the implementation deficits by improving the legal framework governing the planning and installation processes. A few of the discussed factors emerge as crucial in this re-spect and that is roughly: to remove the general permit requirement, and thus leave the entire trial to the planning system; and to breach the municipal planning monopoly.<br>Godkänd; 2008; 20081124 (ysko)
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Swendson, Lana Ann. "Strategically addressing the needs of agricultural producers in times of financial and legal distress." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16933.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Science<br>Department of Communications and Agricultural Education<br>Lauri M. Baker<br>The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of Kansas' agricultural producers in relation to financial and legal matters at a local level. The following research questions guided this study: 1) what services, identified by local producers, are needed in communities across Kansas to assist producers in times of financial and legal distress; 2) what are the perceptions among producers of the Kansas Agricultural Mediation Services (KAMS); 3) what brand attributes, names, and taglines would appeal to producers for an organization addressing their financial and legal distress; 4) how can organizations effectively market financial and legal services to producers? A qualitative study design was used in order to assess the research questions. Six focus groups were performed throughout the state in three different geographic locations. Participants were selected using purposive sampling in order to have one group of people familiar with the organization (KAMS) currently helping producers with their legal and financial issues and one unfamiliar group in each location. Grunig’s excellence in public relations model served as the conceptual framework for this study. Results of this study concluded that rural Kansas’ communities see a need for service organizations similar to KAMS. Participants value assistance with family farm transition planning as well as financial assistance. Participants saw marketing and promotion of the current services offered just as critical as having the services themselves. Participants felt these services should be marketed through two-way communication channels, such as social media, an organizational representative for face-to-face interaction, and collaboration with extension. Additionally, participants voiced strong opinions about various brand attributes.
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Beningfield, Perry Guy. "Leading strategic change : driving the transformation in the provision of legal services to the Eastern Cape Provincial government /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/493/.
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McInerney, Amy B. "A legal analysis of planning scheme complexity in Queensland: Understanding the problem and exploring the benefits and limitations of a risk-based response to it." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/391525.
Full textAbstract:
My research applies risk theory to the long-standing problem of planning scheme complexity in Queensland. For the purpose of my thesis, planning scheme complexity has two elements. Firstly, the process of preparing a planning scheme is complex, taking years and costing a lot of money. Secondly, the documents created out of the process are unclear and their lack of clarity generates uncertainty.
Much has been written to criticise planning schemes in terms of their complexity but it is a legal problem that, so far, defies solving. Before the problem can be solved, there is a need to understand planning scheme complexity and its fundamental cause/s. My thesis provides that understanding but it goes further. It provides a novel and significant contribution to the debate by exploring the potential application of risk-based regulation (RBR) to help understand the causes of complexity and then address them. RBR has gained popularity and generated excitement in the regulatory space. It has become widely endorsed as a way to achieve better regulatory outcomes. My thesis provides a deep analysis of the causes of complexity and identifies where a risk-based response to planning scheme complexity is well suited and where other responses are needed. It highlights that RBR is useful in helping to understand the causes of planning scheme complexity. It also shows, as a regulatory response to planning scheme complexity, RBR offers some potential benefits but it also suffers from some important limitations.
The substantive part of my thesis begins with an overview of RBR. An understanding of RBR is critically important to my thesis because I apply it to provide a novel way to understand and address planning scheme complexity in Queensland. Presenting my research about risk, up front, has allowed me to investigate the relevance of risk concepts to my discussion of the causes of planning scheme complexity as well as the potential role of risk theory in addressing it. To varying degrees, my research about risk permeates my entire thesis. It informs my conclusions about a response to planning scheme complexity but it also helped me piece together the causes of planning scheme complexity. In particular, in analysing the causes of the problem, I apply concepts such as risk perception, risk appetite, trade-offs, societal and institutional risk.1
After introducing the concept of RBR, I trace the evolution of planning scheme complexity, which identifies that the start of the problem aligns with the introduction of the Integrated Planning Act 1997 (Qld) (the IPA). Identifying that the problem started with the IPA guided me to a legal analysis of those reforms, bringing to light that the introduction of two key aspects of the IPA reforms fundamentally shaped planning schemes. Introducing ecological sustainability (ES) as a purpose for planning broadened the scope and complexity of planning scheme goals. Introducing performance-based planning (PBP) changed the way that planning schemes regulate. Logically, my research moves on to deeply analyse those two concepts, unearthing that (a) the challenge of advancing ES complicates the process of preparing a planning scheme and leads to a lack of clarity around planning scheme goals; and (b) Queensland’s implementation of PBP has favoured the production of unclear planning scheme provisions that advance uncertainty.
My thesis provides a deep analysis of ES as a cause of planning scheme complexity. Attempting to prepare a planning scheme that balances goals to advance the community’s economic, social/cultural and ecological wellbeing is complex. It is not a matter of giving each element of ES equal weight. The appropriate balance between the elements of ES depends on what is most important, in each context, but there is no objectively ‘right’ answer to that question. Local governments are given the discretionary power (and responsibility) to shape the balance between these considerations. Paralysed by the complexity and institutional risk that arises out of deciding the weight that ought to be given to each element of ES, local governments are eschewing their responsibility to clearly articulate meaningful planning scheme goals. Without clear goals, it becomes difficult to prepare a planning scheme that clearly articulates measures to advance them. The complexity of choices about ES not only complicates the process of preparing a planning scheme; it can also manifest itself in the resulting document, lead to planning schemes that provide an incomplete and unclear picture about how planning decisions will be made.
The lack of clarity in planning schemes also arises out of the way that PBP has been implemented. Queensland’s implementation of PBP has overemphasised flexibility and produced uncertainty because local governments are not allowed to choose to prohibit development and because of a misconception that vague planning schemes align with PBP. The result is a distortion of PBP that leads to planning schemes which are less clear than might otherwise be the case. What is more, because there is a lack of understanding of PBP, local councils are able to hide behind rhetoric about a need to encourage flexibility in PBP schemes in order to avoid being more transparent about decisions about ES.
The key to producing clearer and more succinct planning schemes is to address the causes of complexity. Armed with an understanding of the problem and its causes, my thesis identifies the benefits and limitations of a risk-based response to planning scheme complexity. It identifies where a risk-based response to the causes of planning scheme complexity is well suited and where other responses are needed. It contributes ideas about how to reduce the complexity of the process of preparing a planning scheme and the resultant document itself.
I explore the application of RBR to help local governments choose the shape of (and clearly articulate) their planning scheme goals. I highlight the limitations of applying RBR to this end, concluding that it fails to sufficiently answer questions about how to synthesise and weigh up expert knowledge and knowledge about values in order to make complex decisions. If local governments are to be successful in deciding upon and declaring their planning scheme goals, they need a more specific decision-making tool that can help them navigate those matters. Participatory multi-criteria decision analysis (PMCDA) is one such tool that could help local governments build the courage to decide and declare their planning goals. PMCDA does not dissolve the need to make complex decisions or value judgments but it provides an aid to manage their complexity. Ultimately, the process of preparing a planning scheme will continue to be complex but putting the effort in would be worthwhile because the planning scheme created out of the process can be clearer if it is based on clear goals.
However, even with clearly declared goals, planning schemes will continue to be unclear unless there is an understanding that clarity is consistent with PBP. In Queensland, PBP underpins the way in which planning schemes regulate development but there is confusion about the role of clear and measurable performance criteria. There is a misconception that vague and subjective planning scheme provisions align with PBP because they allow for flexibility. For that reason, I propose the need for a legislative definition of PBP and I argue in favour of legislating to allow local governments to choose to categorise development as prohibited where it represents a proportionate response to risk. If a prohibition represents a proportionate response to risk, it is the simplest and most appropriate way to send a clear and concise message about when development is so risky that it is inappropriate.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Law School<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Kitur, Rose Chelangat. "Barriers to implementing urban plans in Kenya." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7233.
Full textAbstract:
Despite a long history of urban planning, Kenyan towns are still characterized by informality, uncoordinated development, urban sprawl, and congestion. Government documents and reports acknowledge that, despite planning, no deliberate effort has been made to implement plans. Little is known about what impedes plan implementation in Kenya. This study sought to develop an in-depth understanding of the barriers to plan implementation from the perspectives of public officials responsible for planning. Using path dependency theory, forwarded by Pierson, and force field analysis, advanced by Lewin, the research questions focused on legal and institutional development, as well as on the nature of relationships between different actors as possible sources of hindrances to plan implementation. Data for this qualitative study accrued through reviews of documents relating to urban planning and interviews with officials in different categories, with a focus on three case cities: Nairobi, Nakuru, and Eldoret. A total of 14 participants, 10 from the city level, included county legislators; 4 from the national government level were interviewed. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively using multiple-level coding and direct interpretation to create themes. The themes that emerged included politics and vested interests, financial, legal regime, institutional setup, land tenure, and quality of the plans. Study findings may be useful in informing planning authorities on how to restructure the preparation and implementation of urban plans.
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Mooney, Carla Joan. "Evolution, devolution, revolution? an analysis of the legal and adminstrative arrangements for catchment and water planning in South Australia and New South Wales /." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060509.112146/index.html.
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Pettersson, Maria. "Renewable energy development and the function of law : a comparative study of legal rules related to the planning, installation and operation of windmills /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2008. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2008/65/LTU-DT-0865-SE.pdf.
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