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Journal articles on the topic 'Legal aspects of energy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Vypkhanova, G. V., and N. G. Zhavoronkova. "Energy Innovations: Organizational and Legal Aspects." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.122.1.189-203.

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Recently, legal literature has given attention to the problems of innovative energy. Despite the negative consequences of the current global economic crisis, the ways out of it are in the mainstream of the country’s transition from the export of raw materials to the resource-innovative development with a qualitative renewal of the energy sector. These tasks are set in the strategic planning documents that determine the vector and prospects of energy, scientific and technological and other areas of development. Achievement of goals and long-term quality guidelines for the development of the energy sector on an innovative development path is associated, among other things, with alternative energy, the expansion of the use of renewable energy sources. The paper shows the possibilities and prospects of their use for small energy facilities, energy-deficient areas, and regions with decentralized energy supply. The advantages of using green technologies, renewable types of energy are manifested in energy conservation, energy security, reducing the negative impact on the environment, and solving environmental problems. The absence of a regulatory legal framework for the development of alternative energy is revealed; gaps in energy legislation in terms of innovative energy, stimulation of the introduction of innovative technologies, and the use of renewable energy sources are highlighted. The necessity of highlighting this direction in the energy strategy, other strategic documents in the field of environmental, economic development, energy efficiency and safety has been substantiated. The result of the study is new approaches to the formation and implementation of state policy, as well as the improvement of legislation in the field of innovative energy development.

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Niedziela, Julia. "Lokalizacja instalacji odnawialnych źródeł energii – aspekty prawne." Studia Iuridica, no. 86 (June 14, 2021): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-86.13.

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The article analyses in detail legal regulations governing the location of wind and photovoltaic farms. It also describes the basic planning instruments adopted in Poland. The analysis includes the principles adopted in the so-called “Distance Law”, i.e. the principle of investment location based on the local spatial development plan, and the principle of minimum distance of a wind tourbine from residential buildings. Next, the decisions permitting the location of PV farm were described - the decision on development conditions and the decision on the location of a public purpose investment. The article identifies legal and factual problems related to the adoption of legal regulations and offers potential solutions.

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3

Bilotskiy, Sergiy, Nicole Danylova, Olena Grinenko, Oleksandra Karmaza, and Daria Koucherets. "Legal and economic aspects of Ukrainian enterprises activity at the European renewable energy market." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 2 (June 2, 2017): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2).2017.07.

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The article deals with a current trend of the global energy market, which is characterized by rising tension in relations between the performers of the energy market regulation mechanisms, and it leads to the emergence of alternative energy sources. The article is called to identify the causes of renewable energy markets nascence, to make comparative description of Ukrainian and European Renewable Energy Markets attractiveness, and to characterize the state policy change in a renewable energy market. Different interpretation of nature and classification of the field of renewable energy in foreign and Ukrainian approaches shows the problem of legal criteria of renewable energy markets regulation. It is proved the existence of double barrier penetration of the European market for renewable energy for Ukrainian companies, which includes compliance with the accepted EU Directives and compliance with the Rules of each member individually. The presence of clearly defined standards and certificates of quality for the European market allows producers to show the competitiveness of Ukrainian products in the international market and stimulate Ukrainian manufacturers. The presence of clearly formulated laws, stable and balanced political and legal environment of the EU allows Ukrainian producers of renewable energy to develop such a strategy that considers the time factor, as the primary parameter of competitiveness in international business. The market of solid biofuels in EU is under formation, its development timeframe and uncertainty of environmental risks becoming is especially important for Ukrainian producers.

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4

Hirth, Lion. "Open data for electricity modeling: Legal aspects." Energy Strategy Reviews 27 (January 2020): 100433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.100433.

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5

Citelli, Marco, Marco Barassi, and Ksenia Belykh. "Renewable Energy in the International Arena: Legal Aspects and Cooperation." Groningen Journal of International Law 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5a86a7c841628.

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This article aims at investigating the relevant aspects of international law and cooperation in the field of renewable energy. Part I provides an overview of the multiple soft law developments within and outside the UN framework as well as an assessment of a chosen set of extant treaty obligations either fostering or potentially constraining the development of the renewable energy sector. In light of these norms, Part II analyses a series of recent cases and international disputes triggered by non-environmental interests and rights allegedly impaired by the implementation of certain renewable energy-related plans and projects. In particular, this section considers the compatibility of renewable energy development with extant norms in the areas of human rights (ECHR), procedural environmental rights (Aarhus Convention) and international trade law (WTO). Despite the scarcity of binding norms on renewable energy generation and the persistence of various factors leading to disputes, global cooperation in the field of renewable energy is gaining momentum. Starting with an overview on CDM renewable energy projects under the Kyoto Protocol, Part III then shifts to the latest developments in renewable energy cooperation prompted respectively by the creation of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and by the growing number of transnational private partnerships operating in the field of renewables.

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6

Hidayat, Cahayahati, Arnita, and Saiful Jamaan. "Grid Study of Mini Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) of Palangai Hulu 2x4,9 MW South Pesisir." MATEC Web of Conferences 248 (2018): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824802003.

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This paper presents a gridd study of Mini Hydro Power Generation (MHPP) of Palangai Hulu, 2 x 4.9 MW. It is owned by PT. Dempo Sumber Energi (DSE) located at Palangai of South Pesisir Regency. The objective is to fulfill the legal aspects, technical aspects and economic aspects to develop of MHPP. The legal aspect is one of the requirements that must be fulfilled prior to the signing of Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) between DSE and State Electricity Company that called PLN. Technical aspect is to analyze the operational impact of the distribution system after MHPP connecting to the PLN distribution system, while the economic aspect is to analyze how much result energy of MHPP can be absorbed by PLN. Uultimately, it is described the financial feasibility of MHPP. The result is, legal aspect of development of MHPP of Palangai Hulu feasible to be continued to next process to sign contract of PPA. Technically, there is no negative impact of operating the PLN distribution system after the MHPP is connected to the PLN Rayon Balai Selasa system that analyzes using ETAP. Point of Connection (POC) as the selling point of electrical energy by DSE to the most economical PLN is on substation circuit of Balai Selasa. The energy production of MHPP Palangai Hulu can be absorbed 96.4% starting in 2018. The cost of POC is Rp. 11,577,000,000.

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7

Herasymenko, N. O. "SOME ASPECTS OF LEGAL REGULATION ENERGY SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE." Economics and Law, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2017.02.077.

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8

Ehdwall, H., B. T. Holmberg, and K. Farzar. "Radiological and legal aspects of energy production by burning peat." Science of The Total Environment 45 (October 1985): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(85)90205-0.

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9

VINOGRADOVA, Elena Valeryevna, Maria Mikhailovna MUKHLYNINA, Dmitry Nikolaevich MUKHLYNIN, Natalia Vladimirovna SOLOVYEVA, and Olga Yevgenievna LEBEDEVA. "Economic and Legal Aspects of Environmental Safety." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 9, no. 1 (June 23, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v9.1(25).18.

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The paper is devoted to the economic and legal aspects of environmental safety in modern conditions. It is proved that there are the necessary initial data and rationalizing materials for the introduction in accordance with the established procedure of the normative indicators of the lower threshold of environmental safety. It has been established that in the economically developed countries considerable experience in recycling household waste has been accumulated. It is determined that there are all grounds to assert that, at the present level of development of science and technology, it is technologically possible to ensure environmental safety through the rational use of natural resources, the introduction of wasteless complexes, resource and energy-saving facilities. Practice has shown that in the legislation of the Russian Federation the issues of rational use of natural resources are poorly reflected. These issues were studied in detail in the governmental plans, which in the previous period had the status of laws.

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Almadiyev, Bekbolat Bakbergenovich. "ENERGY PARAMETERS OF KAZAKHSTAN-AMERICAN RELATIONS: GEOPOLITICAL AND INTERNATIONALLY LEGAL ASPECTS." CBU International Conference Proceedings 3 (September 19, 2015): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v3.627.

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The strategic partnership of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the US of America contains a key vector in the form of the American Kazakhstan’s energetic diplomacy and external policy. This is due to geo-political, geo-economic, geo-strategic, resource and energy, and military policies. Because of the experience gained from the partnership, this bilateral relationship continues to demonstrate progressive development and contributes towards expanding cooperation with other countries of North, Central, and Latin America. This is important in the context of the dynamic development of the fuel and energy complex of Kazakhstan country, and export of Kazakhstan`s energy resources through regional and global markets.

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11

Zhavoronkova, N. G., and Yu G. Shpakovskiy. "Environmental and Energy Problems of the 4th Industrial Revolution: Legal Aspects." Lex Russica, no. 10 (October 24, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.155.10.053-062.

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The article considers the most general and most fundamental provisions of the concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its consequences for ecology, energy, law. The author has analyzed the threats and challenges of digitalization processes for ecology and energy. It is shown that be the creation of an adequate environment of green technologies, products and services should provide the timely response to the great challenges of the 4th Industrial Revolution. It is proved that there will be no real progress in environmental security until economic growth, new technologies regardless of the form in which they are expressed and natural constraints and indicators of the “growth limit” of human expansion are connected and properly and necessarily linked to the pace of economic development. The authors have investigated the problems of strategic planning in the sphere of digitalization of ecological and energy spheres. The country has yet to develop common concepts suitable for strategic planning and to give each of these concepts a legal definition. To date, the lack of “coherence” of plans, responsibility and systematization of numerous normative acts (by-laws) on the basis of which federal and regional information resources are functioning is unacceptable. The article is aimed to develop legislation in the field of ecology and energy, development of legal mechanisms for the implementation of the program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” as well as improvement of enforcement practices.

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12

Piģēns, Kārlis, and Ivars Kronis. "Aspects of Formation of Legal Status of Subterranean Depths." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 2, no. 20 (2021): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.20.2021.2.317-330.

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The aim of the study is to identify and investigate ownership trends in exploration and use of subterranean depths of Latvia, by examining aspects of legal status of subterranean depths. The following methods were used as part of the study: (1) analytical method used for gaining and analysing the amount of information obtained, as well as for structuring research work; (2) comparative method for analysis and comparison of legal frameworks between European continent countries for the use of subterranean depths in regulatory enactments; (3) empirical method based on facts obtained objectively and systematically through collection of information. The main results of the study include: 1. Today, when society’s demand for energy is growing rapidly to ensure the well-being of society, and technology is evolving more rapidly so that energy resources can be used in an increasingly economic way, it is important to be able to separate the public’s common interest and private interest in energy resources located in the subterranean depths. 2. In the 21st century Latvia, legal framework for the ownership of subterranean depths has not carried out the introduction of a legal framework corresponding to the needs of modern society and technological capabilities to be able to perform systematically both the search and exploration of new mineral resources and other resources of subterranean depths and the establishment of a national strategy for the exploitation of subterranean depths.

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13

Adamchuk, T. V., S. M. Kuzminskiy, and Т. О. Shchutska. "Health risks and legal aspects of non-alcoholic drinks safe consumption." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 52, no. 1 (June 24, 2020): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2020-52-1-26-31.

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Objective of the Work. Conduct an analysis of the safety studies of the major energy drink components carried out by various international scientific institutions. Compare European and Ukrainian legislation on the regulation of safe energy drink consumption. Methods and Materials. Analysis of scientific literature, as well as European and Ukrainian regulations on the safety and regulation of energy drinks. Results and Discussion. Non-alcoholic beverage is one that, due to its special component, activates the physiological functions of the human body. Its main components are caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone, ginseng extracts, guarana and vitamin B complex. Caffeine safety assessment has been carried out by many scientific organizations. In 1991, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that caffeine was not classified as a human carcinogen. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has conducted a comprehensive and in-depth study on the safety of caffeine. The main findings of this study are: single doses of caffeine up to 200 mg (about 3 mg / kg body weight for an adult weighing 70 kg) do not cause safety concerns, regular caffeine intake up to 400 mg per day does not cause safety concerns for nonpregnant adults, regular caffeine intake of up to 200 mg daily by pregnant women does not cause fetal safety concerns, breastfeeding women do not raise infant safety concerns; for adolescents, caffeine intake in amounts that do not cause fears for adult caffeine intake (3 mg / kg body weight per day) may serve as a basis for determining safe single doses of caffeine and its daily intake, other components of energy drinks in concentrations typical of such drinks (about 300-320, 4000 and 2400 mg / l of caffeine, taurine and D-glucuronyl-γ-lactone, respectively), and also alcohol at doses up to 0.65 g / kg body weight do not affect the safety of receiving single doses of caffeine (up to 200 mg). Conclusions. The essential requirements governing the safe consumption of energy drinks relate to their labeling. In order to achieve a high level of consumer health protection, to guarantee their rights to obtain reliable information, to enable them to make a conscious choice of safe products for them, energy drink manufacturers should inform consumers about their products and the need to comply with the recommended consumption of these drinks. Key Words: energy drinks, caffeine, safety, risks, marking.

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14

Romanova, Viktoriya V. "LEGAL REGULATION OF THE SUPPLIED AND CONSUMED ENERGY RESOURCES METERING: PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS." Energy law forum 3 (September 19, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2312-4350-2018-3-9-15.

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15

Romanova, Viktoriya V. "Legal Regulation of the Supplied and Consumed Energy Resources Metering: Problematic Aspects." Energy law forum 3 (September 19, 2018): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2410-4390-2018-3-67-72.

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16

Dzhumageldieva, G. D. "Stimulation of Development of Alternative Energy in Ukraine: Economic and Legal Aspects." Visnik Nacional'noi' akademii' nauk Ukrai'ni, no. 10 (October 25, 2012): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/visn2012.10.026.

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17

Moroz, Galyna V., Olga A. Grytsan, Oleh A. Vivcharenko, and Nadiia R. Kobetska. "Relationship Between Economic Growth and Environmental Pressures (Legal Aspects)." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 9, no. 4 (August 18, 2021): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.00.3728.

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The problem of the impact of economic development of the world on the state of the environment is quite relevant today. Entrepreneurs usually defend their private interests and try to increase profits in every possible way, without caring about the state of the environment and the future. If in the economically developed countries of the world the government is trying hard to control compliance with environmental legislation and implement a green economy, Ukraine is hopelessly behind, and only in recent years is beginning to actively think about preserving the environment and develop mechanisms to achieve this goal. It is important to explore how the legal aspect can help address the balance between Ukraine's economic development and environmental quality, especially in terms of its impact on climate change, where air pollution, waste generation and energy security are key factors. The purpose of the study was to investigate the legal aspect of the interrelation between economic growth and environmental pressures. As a result, the world experience in finding ways of mutually beneficial activities for the economic development of countries and the preservation of the environment was analysed. The study examined the factors influencing climate change, waste generation and energy security in the projection of economic development. The main principles (strategy) of the state ecological policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030 are analysed; regulations of Ukraine and the European Union, which regulate the preservation of the environment in terms of the legal effect on solving the problem of the interrelation between economic growth and pressure on the environment.

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Самойлов, А., A. Samoylov, Е. Голобородько, E. Goloborodko, Т. Астрелина, T. Astrelina, Е. Дедова, et al. "Legal Aspects of Evaluating the Genetic Consequences of Medical Exposure." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 64, no. 5 (October 21, 2019): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-71-72.

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Introduction Legal aspects of the application of medical technologies related to the use of ionizing radiation sources. Constitutional aspects of genetic research. Problems of legal regulation of genetic risks. Conclusion

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Самойлов, А., A. Samoylov, Е. Голобородько, E. Goloborodko, Т. Астрелина, T. Astrelina, Е. Дедова, et al. "Legal Aspects of Evaluating the Genetic Consequences of Medical Exposure." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 64, no. 5 (October 21, 2019): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-73-75.

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Introduction Legal aspects of the application of medical technologies related to the use of ionizing radiation sources. Constitutional aspects of genetic research. Problems of legal regulation of genetic risks. Conclusion

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20

Xiang, Bo, and Cai Liu. "Research on China’s Legal Protection System for Energy Security." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1466.

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China's energy industry developed remarkably in recent years but in the meanwhile also caused some problems that are directly correlated with defects in system, content, supporting and coordination and other aspects of China’s energy laws. It is imperative at present to improve and perfect energy legal system in order to provide strong guarantee for China’s energy security. This paper will analyze existing legislation systems concerned with energy security started from its legal protection status in quo, and use foreign legal system of energy security for reference to put forward to suggestions for construction of China’s legal protection system for energy security that are beneficial to perfect China's energy legal system and to ensure energy security.

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Gaduš jr., Ján, and Tomáš Giertl. "Legal Aspects of Electricity Produced from RES in SR." TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING 7, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/tee.2018.4.090.

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The paper deals with the promotion of the use of RES in the area of electricity production in Slovakia. To promote the use of RES for electricity generation a system of subsidies as well as exemptions from the excise duty on electricity produced from RES have been introduced. The most important support mechanism for the use of RES in Slovakia in general, and within the field of electricity production from RES, are the feed-in tariffs. They are very effective and easy to implement, but carry certain risks. However, in 2016 the share of RES in gross final energy consumption dropped compared to previous year so the government prepared some amendments to the law.

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Krysanova, N. V. "INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE USE OF ENERGY RESOURCES: POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF ENSURING «GREEN» ENERGY." Pravovedenie IAZH, no. 3 (2021): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/rgpravo/2021.03.08.

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The review examines publications devoted to the problems of legal regulation of «green» energy, as well as problems related to the use of innovative technologies for obtaining clean energy. It is proposed to introduce the term «sustainability» of energy development in trade, business and society as a whole. The results of empirical studies of the use of offshore energy technologies in marine animal habitats, as well as the prevention of loss of biological diversity, are presented.

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23

Tomazic, Luka Martin. "Local-level Nudging for Renewables in Slovenia: Organisational Aspects and Legal Limitations." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 18, no. 3 (August 2, 2020): 523–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/18.3.523-556(2020).

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Proliferation of renewable energy is high on the agenda of the European Union. In it, local government plays an important role. Besides traditional regulatory approaches such as legislation, nudging could have a positive effect on achieving the desired policy goals. This article analyses the legal framework within which the local-level practice of nudging is embedded in the Republic of Slovenia. Since EU-level legislation and ECHR aspects are analysed as well, the application of findings is broader than merely the national legal system. Nudging could be performed either by using the existing infrastructure or through the creation of local energy organisations. Three main groups of legal limitations are identified, namely state-level limitations, GDPR-related concerns and constitutional or human rights considerations. Defaults and individualised informing are emphasized as two of the most promising nudge-types in the field of renewable energy.

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Borromeu de Andrade, Carlos Cesar. "Some Key Aspects of the Brazilian Legal Framework on Energy and Mineral Resources." Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law 7, no. 3 (January 1989): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02646811.1989.11433662.

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Mokhov, Aleksandr A. "ENERGY SECURITY OF BUSINESS ENTITIES: LEGAL ASPECT." ENERGY LAW FORUM 3 (September 22, 2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2312-4350-2017-3-15-20.

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Іван Васильович Яковюк, Артем Павлович Волошин, and Антон Олексійович Шовкун. "Legal aspects of counteracting phishing: the European Union experience." Problems of Legality, no. 149 (June 9, 2020): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2414-990x.149.200028.

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Cybersecurity is increasingly seen as a fundamental problem of the state, which comprehensively affects its security and defense, economy, certain spheres of public life, in particular energy, health care and others. Reliable operation of data networks, computer systems and mobile devices is a prerequisite for the effective state and society functioning, an individual’s life. The reliability of key public information systems depends on many factors: cyberattacks, hardware and software failures, and all kinds of errors. The significant increase in the number of incidents in cyberspace necessitates a systematic analysis of sources of threats, the first place among which is phishing. The introduction of criminal responsibility for phishing is complicated by the fact that "phishing" is an "umbrella" concept that covers a number of launched or committed crimes. From criminal law point of view, phishing attacks can correspond to different categories of crimes (extortion, fraud, blackmail, offenses related to the processing of personal data, etc.). The attempt by some states to impose criminal penalties for phishing at the national level does not solve the problem, since it is not difficult for phishers who work worldwide to cross national barriers. That is still the reason why counteracting cybercrime requires significant efforts not only by individual states but also by international organizations, in particular by the European Union.

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Allen, M. Williamson J. "LEGAL AND TAXATION ASPECTS OF FARM-INS AND FARM-OUTS OVER EXPLORATION TENEMENTS." APPEA Journal 27, no. 1 (1987): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj86002.

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The paper considers the basic capital gains tax implication arising out of farm-outs and how to structure those farm-outs in the light of up-front payments and disproportionate funding. In particular, consideration is given to the acquisition and disposal dates and how altering those dates will impact on the asset cost base of the farmor/farmee. The problem of determining value is also considered.

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Zembatova, B. V., and I. A. Yakovlev. "Problems of Cooperation between the Caspian States: Investment and Legal Aspects." Economics and Management 26, no. 10 (December 26, 2020): 1080–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.35854/1998-1627-2020-10-1080-1091.

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Aim. The presented study aims to substantiate the objective need for legal regulation of interaction between the Caspian states in the development of Caspian resources as a starting point for balanced economic cooperation.Tasks. The authors develop baselines for analyzing the state of economic cooperation between the Caspian Five countries, laws and regulations adopted by the Caspian states to regulate interaction in the Caspian Sea; analyze the impact of the current legal regulator of relations on the possibility, nature, and directions of cooperation between the Caspian states in the investment sphere and key sectors (energy, trade, transport, etc.).Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition in various aspects to substantiate approaches to analyzing the legal framework of Caspian economic cooperation, identify key problems of regulating the rights of the Caspian Five states as owners of the Caspian Sea, and propose major directions for solving these problems.Results. Analysis of laws and regulations governing the interaction between the Caspian Five states in the usage of the Caspian Sea and its resources in the context of the current stage of development of their relations shows the uncertainty of the legal status of the Caspian Sea to be the main reason for economic problems in the cooperation between the Caspian states. The identified problems determine the selection of approaches to the formation of the fundamentals of legal regulation of interaction between the Caspian states and their application to determining the content of such concepts as “the Caspian Sea as an object of law”, “legal status of the Caspian Sea”, and the principles of formation of norms regulating the legal status of the Caspian Sea serving as the main missing elements of the legal framework of cooperation between the Caspian states – the owners of the Caspian Sea and its resources.Conclusions. Establishing the legal status of the Caspian Sea has become one of the main goals and at the same time a major problem of interaction between the Caspian states in the investment sphere, energy, trade, and transport infrastructure since their unification into the five co-owners of the Caspian Sea. This problem has not been resolved to this day.

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Shiravi, Abdolhossein, and Mahdi Abbasi Vafaei. "Joint venture and joint operating agreements in Iran: legal aspects." Journal of World Energy Law & Business 13, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwaa021.

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Abstract Under current Iranian laws and regulations there is a requirement for an upstream petroleum contract to be managed by a joint venture entity and so the conclusion of a joint venture agreement (JVA) is compulsory in such petroleum projects. In this research article we first discuss the rules governing JVAs and the statutory requirements of such agreements in Iran. Then, by studying the relevant rules, we consider the advantages and disadvantages of the both unincorporated and incorporated forms of JVA and finally we discuss some of the implications of the JVA regarding tax, accounting procedures and fiduciary duties. We also consider the role played by unincorporated joint ventures and the joint operating agreement (JOA) in Iran.

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Pielow, J. C., G. Brunekreeft, and E. Ehlers. "Legal and economic aspects of ownership unbundling in the EU." Journal of World Energy Law & Business 2, no. 2 (May 11, 2009): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwp001.

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Boban, Davor, and Karlo Lončar. "Geopolitical Consequences of Resolving the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea: Security and Energy Aspects." Hrvatski geografski glasnik/Croatian Geographical Bulletin 78, no. 2 (January 16, 2017): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21861/hgg.2016.78.02.03.

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Ashitkova, Tatyana V. "PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF LEGAL GROUNDWORK FOR ENERGY LAW ORDER IN THE ELECTRIC POWER MARKET." Energy law forum 1 (May 10, 2018): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2312-4350-2018-1-37-43.

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Ashitkova, Tatyana V. "Problematic Aspects of Legal Groundwork for Energy Law Order in the Electric Power Market." Energy law forum 1 (May 10, 2018): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2410-4396-2018-1-82-87.

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Boute, Anatole. "China’s External Energy Security: Energy Trade and Investment Along the ‘Belt and Road’." Journal of World Investment & Trade 20, no. 2-3 (May 14, 2019): 195–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340129.

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Abstract As the world’s largest energy consumer, China’s energy security policies have significant implications for global, regional and national energy governance. However, the legal dimension of China’s external energy security remains understudied, with most attention in the energy law literature focused on EU and US energy security. This Special Issue studies the legal aspects of Chinese external energy cooperation by focusing on energy trade and investment under the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ – the Chinese foreign policy concept aiming to promote regional and global economic integration through infrastructure interconnectivity. Three research questions govern the Special Issue. How does China’s external energy policy rely on, and impact on, regional and global energy market governance? How does China seek to protect its foreign energy investments? How does China’s external energy policy impact on host countries’ energy and investment laws?

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Driessen, Peter P. J., and Helena F. M. W. van Rijswick. "Normative aspects of climate adaptation policies." Climate Law 2, no. 4 (2011): 559–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/cl-2011-051.

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Adaptation to climate change is a complex process of societal change and should be studied as such. Attention to issues of climate adaptation has increased considerably over the past few years. Until now, less attention has been paid to questions concerning normative issues of societal change. In this paper we will address three important questions on the normative level: (a) What kind of legal and policy principles should public and private actors take to heart when formulating and implementing adaptation measures? (b) Which societal interests should be protected by a climate-adaptation policy and in what order? (c) To what extent are governments responsible for adaptation to climate change and what are the responsibilities to be borne by private parties and citizens? We will treat these questions from a mix of legal, administrative, and economic perspectives. We conclude with some recommendations on how to deal with these normative aspects in policy-making processes.

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Pietrzak, Michał Bernard, Bartłomiej Igliński, Wojciech Kujawski, and Paweł Iwański. "Energy Transition in Poland—Assessment of the Renewable Energy Sector." Energies 14, no. 8 (April 7, 2021): 2046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082046.

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The topic of the article considers the functioning of the renewable energy (RE) sector in Poland. This is really important in the context of the energy transition of the national economy because it influences the creation of modern technologies and increases the competitiveness and innovation of the country. Poland is in a process of energy transition where the RE sector has been developing for two decades. The authors aimed to research the RE sector improvement possibilities in Poland, including the influence of this sector on chosen social and economic aspects. Because of this research’s aim a critical situation assessment of RE in Poland was conducted and a survey of a group of experts in this field was also involved. Legal, physical and mental determinants and their influence on RE sector were looked into. In the legal determinant context a necessity to simplify relevant legislation acts in Poland was found. Undoubtedly there is a need to improve several legal acts, including the Distance Act. In physical determinants it was found that solar, wind and biomass energy have the biggest chances for development. In the case of mental determinants the authors paid attention to the need of educating the public about using and obtaining energy. It is also important to make people aware how the RE sector influences the low emission economy positively. This will improve the creation of new jobs and reduce the emissions of harmful substances to the environment.

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Mensah, George A. "Legal Preparedness for Obesity Prevention and Control." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, S1 (2009): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00385.x.

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Acommon theme throughout the greatest public health achievements of the 20th century is the importance of law. From the seminal successes in immunizations and motor vehicle safety to the recognition and control of tobacco as a health hazard, laws have been invaluable. More recently in this century, laws have been fundamental in public health preparedness to address environmental disasters and terrorist threats. In fact, the first National Summit on Legal Preparedness in 2007 focused on these “urgent threats.” It only seemed natural that the second summit would focus on the “urgent realities” posed by the continuing epidemic of obesity — an epidemic that directly attacks our children’s health and drains our nation’s wealth.Recognized worldwide as an energy imbalance resulting from excess caloric intake and reduced energy expenditure, obesity contributes to diabetes, heart disease, other multiple chronic diseases, impaired quality of life, and premature mortality.

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McLure, Charles E. "Selected International Aspects of Carbon Taxation." American Economic Review 104, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.5.552.

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Disparate commitments to reduce GHG emissions create demands for border carbon adjustments (BCAs) to prevent negative competitive effects and carbon leakage. BCAs that accomplish economic objectives and are administratively feasible, WTO-legal, and politically acceptable may be impossible. BCAs should be limited to a few basic energy-intensive and trade-exposed products and should be based on the lower of the carbon content of production in the importing country and actual carbon content, or perhaps “best available technology.” Whether the World Trade Organization (WTO) would condone BCAs is unclear. BCAs violating basic trade rules might qualify for a special exception.

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Калиниченко, П., P. Kalinichenko, Д. Пономарева, and D. Ponomareva. "Ethical and Legal Aspects of Regulating Genomic Research in International and Russian Practice." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 64, no. 5 (October 21, 2019): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-69-70.

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Despite the UN efforts at the universal level, there are no legally binding instruments at this level devoted exclusively to biomedicine and genomic research. However, an experience in the field of protection against radiation exposure could be useful in this regard. The active development of Biomedicine and genomic research has led to conflicts between ethics and law, which have been the subject of consideration in the higher courts, including at the supranational structures level, in particular, the Council of Europe and the European Court of human rights. Nevertheless, it should be noted that despite all the laws imperfections, Russia is building its approach within the existing system of international standards that allow for the national uniqueness of the regulation in the relevant sphere.

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Drożdż, Wojciech, Filip Elżanowski, Jakub Dowejko, and Bartosz Brożyński. "Hydrogen Technology on the Polish Electromobility Market. Legal, Economic, and Social Aspects." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092357.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the motorization market of electric vehicles powered by hydrogen cells in Poland. European conditions of such technology were indicated, as well as original proposals on amendments to the law to increase the development pace of electromobility based on hydrogen cells. There were also presented economic aspects of this economic phenomenon. Moreover, survey research was conducted to examine the preferences of hydrogen and electric vehicle users in 5 primary Polish cities. In this way, the level of social acceptance for the technological revolution based on hydrogen cells and taking place in the motorization sector was determined.

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Lipin, Yury V. "PROBLEM ASPECTS OF LEGAL SUPPORT OF ANTI-TERRORIST PROTECTION OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY FACILITIES." Energy law forum 4 (December 26, 2018): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2312-4350-2018-4-30-37.

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Lipin, Yury V. "Problem Aspects of Legal Support of Anti-Terrorist Protection of the Fuel and Energy Facilities." Energy law forum 4 (December 26, 2018): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2410-4390-2018-4-78-84.

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Stefaniak, Arleta, and Magdalena Jaś-Nowopolska. "Legal and administrative aspects of energy investments on the example of wind farms in Poland." Polish Yearbook of Environmental Law, no. 3 (December 30, 2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/pyel.2013.004.

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Akhromkin, Ye M., I. V. Zablodska, and A. O. Akhromkin. "PROBLEMS OF ENERGY SAVING IN APARTMENT BUILDINGS: ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECT." Economics and Law, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2020.04.089.

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The article highlights the results of a study of the economic and legal aspects of energy saving in associations of co-owners of apartment buildings in Ukraine. It is determined that a large number of apartment buildings inhabitants have already taken advantage of borrowing funds for energy modernization of their homes. The article presents the classification of the main losses of electricity and states that along with the term “losses of electricity”, the term “losses of electricity in electrical networks during its transportation” and “technological losses of electricity” are widely used. Modern electricity losses also include direct thefts of electricity, which are caused by deliberate changes in the circuits of measuring transformers of current, voltage, measuring circuits and electricity meters, as well as data changes in information systems for distortion. It is noted that in recent years the legislative framework of Ukraine has significantly improved, a large number of modern regulations have been developed to stimulate increased conscious electricity consumption by setting clear limits on the responsibility of businesses for the operation of their own utilities (including electricity) by establishing instrumental control on the border of balance ownership of objects. Such changes in the legislative field are dictated by the reorientation of Ukraine to European norms of thinking and management standards, the main message of which is the economic stimulation of the development of the energy sector. The considered normative legal acts regulating the issue of installation of general household commercial electricity meters allowed to come to the conclusion that the state, with the help of the National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Utilities, consciously takes into account future electricity losses in tariffs for service distribution (transmission) of electricity. This approach is unacceptable due to the violation of the principle of fairness and efficiency. The article emphasizes that energy saving should become not just a priority for Ukraine, but one of the main goals on the way to building the country's economy.

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Koshman, Sergey S. "Challenging Aspects of the Legal Regulation of International Economic Activities of Gas Exporters as Parties to Exchange Trade in Gas Abroad." Energy law forum 4 (January 14, 2021): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2410-4396-2020-4-111-115.

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According to the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035, the indicator of solution of the task of a flexible response to the world gas market dynamics is retaining by the Russian Federation of the dominant position of top three world gas exporters. Russian exporting companies are interested in trading in natural gas in European exchanges, as exchange trade in natural gas gives an opportunity to diversify the existing natural gas export mechanisms, gain access to highly liquid natural gas sales channels. At present, there is little legal research dedicated to challenging aspects of the legal regulation of exchange trade in energy resources, access of exporting companies to foreign exchanges. There are gaps and discrepancies in the existing legal regulation of this sector. The author reviews peculiarities of the legal regulation of relationships arising in trade in natural gas in European exchanges, the requirements set for exchange participants, the existing restrictions of these operations for Russian exporting companies, brings forward legal regulation development proposals.

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Koshman, Sergey S. "CHALLENGING ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF GAS EXPORTERS AS PARTIES TO EXCHANGE TRADE IN GAS ABROAD." Energy law forum 4 (January 14, 2021): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2312-4350-2020-4-56-61.

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According to the Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2035, the indicator of solution of the task of a flexible response to the world gas market dynamics is retaining by the Russian Federation of the dominant position of top three world gas exporters. Russian exporting companies are interested in trading in natural gas in European exchanges, as exchange trade in natural gas gives an opportunity to diversify the existing natural gas export mechanisms, gain access to highly liquid natural gas sales channels. At present, there is little legal research dedicated to challenging aspects of the legal regulation of exchange trade in energy resources, access of exporting companies to foreign exchanges. There are gaps and discrepancies in the existing legal regulation of this sector. The author reviews peculiarities of the legal regulation of relationships arising in trade in natural gas in European exchanges, the requirements set for exchange participants, the existing restrictions of these operations for Russian exporting companies, brings forward legal regulation development proposals.

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Karkoszka, Tatiana. "Risky Energy Aspects – Identification, Evaluation, Acceptability Assessment and Improvement Aims." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0018.

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Abstract The increasing worldwide energy consumption, especially in the industry range, forces the companies to search for the solutions, which – being written into sustainable development philosophy – would allow for reducing the level of the energy consumption of the realised processes and lowering the costs of their functioning. Those activities can be undertaken in the systemic way, very often based on the implementation of the energy management system, they can also have the character of technical or technological modernisation. Fundament of the decision concerning the manner of the minimisation of energy consumption should always be the energy risk management covering: its identification, evaluation and acceptability assessment. The studies proposed the principles for defining the significant energy aspects by the full identification of all the present aspects and next the development of unified methodology of their assessment, allowing for appointing the key aspects. The starting point constitutes the energy risk ratio, which takes into consideration the following criteria: probability of the occurrence, significance of the occurrence, ability to monitor, incompatibility with legal requirements, and the interest and attention of the stakeholders. Flexibility of the applied method enables complex application in every organisation – independently of its size and sort of the realised processes – which wants to manage the risky energy aspects.

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Kholmuratovich, Khursanov Rustam. "Legal Regulation Of Telecommunication Services Under The Legislation Of Uzbekistan." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 06 (June 1, 2021): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue06-31.

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To date, the introduction of new methods in the telecommunication service and the quality changes in this area of the service require such improvements in the legal order. These aspects are also reflected in the legal regulation of the telecommunication service. The provision of telecommunication involves a complex set of actions of the participants of this legal relationship, such as the acquisition of technical means, the use of technical means and in this connection the installation of this or that material, their maintenance, repair of these devices in case of necessity. In this sense, the relations of telecommunication services include the impersonation of certain signs of the energy supply contract. First of all, in the power supply contract, the power supply organization also supplies energy to the subscriber through the connected network. The telecommunication service also requires the presence of an adjoining network. Therefore, subscriber is connected directly with the service provider through telephone wires and on the basis of the specified number, a telephone connection service is provided to him. Meanwhile, a contract is concluded with a person who has certain equipment in the energy supply contract. This is exactly the case in the contract for the provision of telecommunication services.

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Gulasaryan, A. S. "Russian Federation and International Energy Associations: Problems, Current State and Prospects of Interaction." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 8 (August 30, 2020): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.117.8.185-202.

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The paper notes that the fight against new challenges that the global energy industry has to face in modern conditions requires the use of the possibilities of multilateral cooperation within the framework of international energy associations in order to create effective mechanisms for ensuring international energy security. Ensuring international energy security is not possible without the participation of the Russian Federation as a major energy power. The most important condition for the participation of the Russian Federation in the work of international associations in the energy sector should be the realization of its national interests. The paper analyzes modern problematic aspects of the functioning of international energy associations both at the universal and regional levels in order to develop practical recommendations on the interaction of the Russian Federation with these associations. The following general and specific scientific research methods are used: formal legal, historical legal, system analysis, comparative legal, empirical, forecasting.

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Adlam, J. G. "Legal Environment for Petroleum Exploration: An Overview." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 13, no. 2-3 (May 1995): 221–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598795013002-312.

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This paper is an overview of the New Zealand legal environment as it affects petroleum explorers and their operations in New Zealand. It includes a brief summary of the New Zealand legal system and identifies the business structures commonly used and recognised under New Zealand law. It continues with an outline of the significant legal requirements governing petroleum exploration, including the Crown Minerals Act (rights and obligations of permit holders), environmental and conservation laws, Overseas Investment Act and Regulations, Commerce Act, Fair Trading Act, taxation aspects of operations in New Zealand, the no-fault Accident Compensation scheme and other operational requirements. The paper concludes with comment on government participation, current government policy and the legal and administrative framework in which that policy is implemented.

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