Relevant bibliographies by topics / Legal defenses

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Legal defenses'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Legal defenses"

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Weintraub, Lisa. "Inner-city Post-traumatic Stress Disorder." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 25, no. 2 (June 1997): 249–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539702500203.

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For the first time, psychiatrists have explicitly recognized the connection between urban violence and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV). Using the new DSM-IV definition, this article reexamines the use of the PTSD insanity defense in inner-city criminal cases. After investigating the extent to which inner-city defendants meet the criteria of PTSD, the author outlines how the legal system has applied the PTSD insanity defense in criminal cases and explores the policy implications of those defenses. The author concludes that although many inner-city defendants can meet the medical and psychological criteria of PTSD, the legal system should not encourage such defenses. Instead, the author advocates using knowledge about inner-city PTSD to design creative crime-prevention strategies.
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Husak, Douglas N. "Partial Defenses." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 11, no. 1 (January 1998): 167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900001739.

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J.L. Austin is usually credited with having called attention to the existence of different kinds of defenses. His philosophical insights have inspired many legal commentators, especially theorists of criminal law. The contrast between justification and excuse forms the cornerstone of his thought. Austin’s most valuable contribution was to identify and explore the similarities and differences between justification and excuse. Yet a very important feature of these defenses as Austin conceived them is typically neglected by most of the scholarship that he inspired. Austin maintained that “few excuses get us out of it completely.” Clearly, he held the same view about justifications. But most of the subsequent work on justifications and excuses has treated each as complete defenses. A complete defense, by definition, precludes liability altogether. If the foregoing claim by Austin is correct, however, relatively few excuses (or justifications) are complete defenses. Those justifications or excuses that do not preclude liability altogether—which Austin believed to be the more numerous—might be called partial defenses. Partial justifications and excuses have received far less scholarly attention than those that result in acquittal. In this paper I hope to make some small progress in correcting this oversight.
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Oriet, Thomas, and Dr Leo Oriet. "Employer Rights and Legal Defenses to OSHA Citations." American Journal of Economics and Business Administration 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajebasp.2018.31.51.

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Tygart, Clarence E. "Public Acceptance/Rejection of Insanity–-mental Illness Legal Defenses for Defendants in Criminal Homicide Cases." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 20, no. 3 (September 1992): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539202000306.

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A representative sample of public opinion was investigated concerning the processes by which the public accepts/rejects homicide defendants’ mental illness legal defenses. Lesser acceptance of a mental illness defense was associated with: (1) political conservatism; (2) traditional or orthodox religious beliefs; and (3) a “free will” rather than a “determinism” philosophical stance. Mental health professionals were accorded little influence in the public's determination of their positions on the mental illness defense. However, for those who did not have strong opinions on the mental illness defense, mental health professionals were defined generally as having significant influence on their decisions.
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Laymon, Ronald. "Defenses against charges of artistic failure: Some legal analogies." Philosophical Studies 73, no. 2-3 (March 1994): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01207670.

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Glass, Gregory. "Legal defenses and outcomes in Paragraph IV patent litigation." Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 10, no. 1 (March 2013): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741134313482558.

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Kasian, Marilyn, Nicholas P. Spanos, Cheryl A. Terrance, and Suzanne Peebles. "Battered women who kill: Jury simulation and legal defenses." Law and Human Behavior 17, no. 3 (June 1993): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01044510.

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Norrie, Alan. "The Problem Of Mistaken Self-Defense: Citizenship, Chiasmus, and Legal Form." New Criminal Law Review 13, no. 2 (2010): 357–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2010.13.2.357.

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This essay concerns the law of mistaken self-defense in England and Wales. It considers the widely held view that the honest mistake rule is wrong because it relates the mistake to mens rea. It accordingly fails to distinguish between offense and defense, and within defenses between justification and excuse. I argue against this view that these core criminal law concepts are fluid and irresolute. Mistaken self-defense can be analyzed in terms of an irreducible chiasmus (antithesis) in the law between "doing the right thing for a wrong reason" and "doing the wrong thing for a right reason." This makes it doctrinally unstable. When this is understood, it becomes clear that it may sometimes make moral and legal sense to analyze mistaken self-defense as concerning proof of mens rea, and sometimes not. What determines the matter in individual cases is a political understanding of the nature of citizenship in modern society. The analysis is offered in the light of recent police killings of innocent members of the public in London.
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Weinstock, Robert, and Harold Pruett. "Abuse of Psychiatric Legal Defenses Revisited: Mandatory Psychiatric Student Withdrawal." Journal of Forensic Sciences 35, no. 4 (July 1, 1990): 12905J. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs12905j.

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Frevert, Ute. "Honour and /or /as Passion: Historical trajectories of legal defenses." Rechtsgeschichte - Legal History 2014, no. 22 (2014): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12946/rg22/245-255.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Legal defenses"

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Kasian, Marilyn (Marilyn Anne) Carleton University Dissertation Psychology. "Battered women who kill: jury simulation and legal defenses." Ottawa, 1991.

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Bassino, Balta Ariana. "Is it possible to use legal defenses to exempt criminal responsibility for the crime of torture?" THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108373.

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Torture is proscribed in the majority of countries, and prohibited by numerous international instruments. However, torture is nowadays a practice that takes place in many countries, even though there exists a majority agreement in favor of absolute prohibition of this conduct.In the present article, the author analyzes the possibility of using legal defenses to exempt criminal responsibility for the crime of torture. In order to do this, the author examines historical, doctrinal and jurisprudential aspects, concluding than in certain situations it is possible to appeal to traditional legal defenses, particularly selfdefense.
La tortura se encuentra proscrita en la mayoría de países, y está vetada por diversos instrumentos internacionales. No obstante, la tortura es en la actualidad una práctica que se lleva a cabo en muchos países, a pesar de un discurso mayoritario de prohibición absoluta de la misma.En el presente artículo, la autora realiza un análisis sobre la posibilidad de aplicar eximentes en el juicio de imputación del delito de tortura. Para ello, examina aspectos históricos, doctrinales y jurisprudenciales, concluyendo que en determinadas situaciones límite se verifican los presupuestos y requisitos de las causas de justificación tradicionales, en particular de la legítima defensa.
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Madavaraj, Samuel. "Legal metaphor in Job 31:35-37." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.

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Epps, Susan Bramlett, and Steve Robinson. "Legal Self-Defense for the Academic Advisor." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2574.

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Villar, Ramírez Manuela Rosana. "Limitaciones al ejercicio del derecho de defensa en la etapa de instrucción y el trabajo del defensor de oficio." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/209.

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El presente trabajo de investigación constituye un esfuerzo cuestionador de la realidad jurídica nacional, con la única finalidad de aportar al mejoramiento del sistema jurídico en el que diariamente nos desenvolvemos, mas aun cuando no hemos encontrado significativa preocupación a la realidad carcelaria de los detenidos de escasos recursos. El sistema penal actualmente está orientado en su parte adjetiva a la constitucionalización del derecho procesal penal, sin embargo los operadores del derecho han absorbidos profundamente las deficiencias del Sistema procesal Inquisitivo que le impiden advertir las vulneraciones a la garantía procesal constitucional del derecho a la defensa en el caso especifico de los detenidos de escasos recursos económicos tiene connotaciones contrarias al debido proceso de modo alarmante. El valor de la justicia es la luz que guía a los estados democráticos de derechos en el mundo y precisamente los profesionales de las leyes encontramos en el contenido de este concepto el pilar fundamental que inspira nuestro trabajo jurídico-social. Desde nuestras aulas sanmarquinas de pre-grado hemos escuchado por nuestros docentes que la lucha por la justicia es un camino forzado y los abogados tenemos un compromiso especialmente relevante a nivel constitucional, primero como ciudadanos en defensa de la patria y luego como sujetos de derecho, decididos a mejorar el Sistema de Justicia en nuestro país, manifiesto a través de sus diferentes mecanismos de control social. Esto significa que solo a través del autentico cumplimiento de los rolos sociales asignados a los abogados, operadores del derecho, auxiliares del derecho e instituciones del Sistema de Justicia tendremos éxito en nuestro intento por lograr la reforma procesal-penal que incipiente o tardíamente se viene forjando en nuestro país, porque mas allá del cambio de las normas procesales adjetivas o sustantivas esta el cambio de la mentalidad inquisitiva, vulneradora de los derechos ciudadanos, de los derechos fundamentales. Por tal motivo pretendemos en el siguiente trabajo de investigación de naturaleza jurídico-social determinar cuáles son los factores que limitan el derecho de defensa gratuita de las personas de escasos recursos al inicio de la instrucción judicial en el trabajo del defensor de oficio.
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Villar, Ramírez Manuela Rosana, and Ramírez Manuela Rosana Villar. "Limitaciones al ejercicio del derecho de defensa en la etapa de instrucción y el trabajo del defensor de oficio." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2010. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/209.

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El presente trabajo de investigación constituye un esfuerzo cuestionador de la realidad jurídica nacional, con la única finalidad de aportar al mejoramiento del sistema jurídico en el que diariamente nos desenvolvemos, mas aun cuando no hemos encontrado significativa preocupación a la realidad carcelaria de los detenidos de escasos recursos. El sistema penal actualmente está orientado en su parte adjetiva a la constitucionalización del derecho procesal penal, sin embargo los operadores del derecho han absorbidos profundamente las deficiencias del Sistema procesal Inquisitivo que le impiden advertir las vulneraciones a la garantía procesal constitucional del derecho a la defensa en el caso especifico de los detenidos de escasos recursos económicos tiene connotaciones contrarias al debido proceso de modo alarmante. El valor de la justicia es la luz que guía a los estados democráticos de derechos en el mundo y precisamente los profesionales de las leyes encontramos en el contenido de este concepto el pilar fundamental que inspira nuestro trabajo jurídico-social. Desde nuestras aulas sanmarquinas de pre-grado hemos escuchado por nuestros docentes que la lucha por la justicia es un camino forzado y los abogados tenemos un compromiso especialmente relevante a nivel constitucional, primero como ciudadanos en defensa de la patria y luego como sujetos de derecho, decididos a mejorar el Sistema de Justicia en nuestro país, manifiesto a través de sus diferentes mecanismos de control social. Esto significa que solo a través del autentico cumplimiento de los rolos sociales asignados a los abogados, operadores del derecho, auxiliares del derecho e instituciones del Sistema de Justicia tendremos éxito en nuestro intento por lograr la reforma procesal-penal que incipiente o tardíamente se viene forjando en nuestro país, porque mas allá del cambio de las normas procesales adjetivas o sustantivas esta el cambio de la mentalidad inquisitiva, vulneradora de los derechos ciudadanos, de los derechos fundamentales. Por tal motivo pretendemos en el siguiente trabajo de investigación de naturaleza jurídico-social determinar cuáles son los factores que limitan el derecho de defensa gratuita de las personas de escasos recursos al inicio de la instrucción judicial en el trabajo del defensor de oficio.
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Sorge, Keith M. "Legal implications of United States ballistic missile defense systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23967.

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Following the extensive use of ballistic missiles in the 1991 Persian Gulf War, there has been a renewed emphasis within the United States to develop and deploy anti-ballistic missile defenses.
This thesis examines whether the current ballistic missile defense programs of the United States comply with the limitations imposed by the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States.
The thesis begins with a review of the development of ballistic missiles and the systems designed to defend against them. Next an analysis of the ABM Treaty is offered, including its differing interpretations. The Treaty's legal restrictions are then applied to current ABM defensive systems in various stages of research and development. The thesis concludes with an examination of the various lawful possibilities to modify the restrictive provision of the Treaty.
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Alarcón, Canchari Alan Carlos. "La Función Garantista del Equilibrio Económico Financiero en el Contrato de Obra Pública." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118865.

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The present article seeks to explain, in the frame of cost variations of infrastructure works, the way the legal defense of State has been carried out against the pretension outlined. Then, we will analyze the way this pretensions, far from causing a prejudice to State, they tend to be necessary to achieve the public interests.
El presente artículo tiene como propósito explicar, dentro de un escenario de variación inesperada de los costos de una obra de infraestructura, cómo ha sido la defensa legal del Estado contra las pretensiones económicas que se han esbozado, para seguidamente analizar cómo es que estas pretensiones, lejos de constituirse en necesariamente un eventual perjuicio para el Estado, finalmente y dependiendo de la casuística, terminan siendo necesarias para la consecución de intereses públicos.
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Bin, Idris Mohammad Hussin Ali. "Necessity within the legal framework of self-defence against terrorism." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13390/.

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This thesis focuses on the criteria established for the use of force in self-defence in international law. The prohibition on the use of force in Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter is subject to exemption by way of approval from the Security Council, or by invoking the right to self-defence. The use of force in self-defence is promulgated in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter, but is understood to be restricted by the principles of necessity and proportionality. Since the attacks in the United Stated on 11th September 2001, the law on self-defence has focused on the emergence of non-state actors within the framework of jus ad bellum. In view of this, and the contemporary context, this thesis seeks to reappraise the meaning of necessity in light of terrorism. In particular, the study asks whether the meaning of necessity is affected if self-defence is applied against a non-state actor, and if so, how. It also explores the establishment of the two conditions of self-defence, necessity and proportionality, based on the Caroline incident, and examines how the Caroline doctrine has been interpreted in the formulation of rules incorporated in jus ad bellum. The understanding of necessity in self-defence is also re-evaluated by asking the role of necessity in self-defence framework. It is argued that necessity has two important roles in self-defence law. First, it argued that necessity acts as a requirement to self-defence, specifically by seeking whether an armed attack has taken place, and if so, whether there is an alternative option to the use of non-forcible measures. Second, necessity acts as a limitation to self-defence, establishing that any defensive measures must be employed solely to achieve the legitimate aim of self-defence, which is to halt and repel an armed attack. However, it is difficult to assess necessity as a limitation on the use of force in self-defence when force is directed against terrorist groups.
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Shen, Phoebe. "A Critical Race Theory Intervention into the Cultural Defense Debate." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/911.

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The cultural defense is an informal term that describes the use of cultural information to mitigate criminal responsibility, often used in conjunction with traditional defense strategies such as provocation or insanity. Arguments for the cultural defense include respecting cultural practices under the liberal narrative that frames the United States as a multicultural and pluralistic society. Advocates of the cultural defense recognize the harmful effects of the false universalism of the law. However, the cultural defense has been criticized as essentialist and harmful as it has been used in high profile cases to justify violence against women of color. The cultural defense superficially prioritizes the needs of marginalized communities by acknowledging the importance of culture in the administration of the criminal law. The rationale behind the cultural defense is politically appealing, but the impacts of the defense are incompatible with the goals of antisubordination, which will be further described by Critical Race Theory. Because the debate surrounding the cultural defense has yet to make significant advances, I argue that Critical Race Theory offers an essential starting point in intervening in the debate, ultimately transforming the realm of legal jurisprudence through its explicit race consciousness and examination of racialized power. In particular, I will examine the concepts of intersectionality and interest convergence which will offer valuable perspective into the cultural defense debate.
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Books on the topic "Legal defenses"

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Psilocybin mushroom legal defenses. Ann Arbor, MI: Swift Run Press, 2013.

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Morgan, Edward M. Legal process. Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2010.

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Fernandez, Angela. Legal process. 2nd ed. Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2005.

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Fernandez, Angela. Legal process. 2nd ed. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2005.

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Morgan, Edward M. Legal process. Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2011.

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Jull, Kenneth E. Legal process. 2nd ed. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2006.

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Fernandez, Angela. Legal process. 2nd ed. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2007.

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Fernandez, Angela. Legal process. 2nd ed. Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2007.

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Dodek, Adam M. Legal process (BB). [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2007.

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Fernandez, Angela. Legal process rule book. 2nd ed. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Legal defenses"

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Packer, Ira K. "Legal insanity and mens rea defenses." In APA handbook of forensic psychology, Vol. 1: Individual and situational influences in criminal and civil contexts., 87–114. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/14461-004.

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Boot, Eric R. "Possible legal defenses for justified whistleblowing (1)." In The Ethics of Whistleblowing, 41–55. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429439001-4.

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Boot, Eric R. "Possible legal defenses for justified whistleblowing (2)." In The Ethics of Whistleblowing, 56–75. Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429439001-5.

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Paradis, Cheryl, Monique Bowen, and Gene McCullough. "Intimate Partner Violence: Psychological Effects and Legal Defenses." In Assessing Trauma in Forensic Contexts, 351–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33106-1_15.

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Yang, Cuibai, and Qianwen Zhang. "Claims and Defenses to the Nansha Islands by Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei." In Legal Study on China’s Sovereignty over the Nansha Islands, 121–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8715-3_5.

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Machan, Tibor R. "How Critical is Critical Legal Studies?" In Libertarianism Defended, 191–202. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315250526-15.

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Chuml, Nikki. "Defense Medical Examinations." In Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 141–64. 4th edition. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429283642-6.

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Altman, Matthew C. "In defense of criminology." In A Theory of Legal Punishment, 157–81. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003143352-14.

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Zhou, Jian. "Legal Liability of National Defense." In Fundamentals of Military Law, 405–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6248-4_11.

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Crehan, Eileen T., and Frederic S. Ury. "Legal Defense in Criminal Cases." In Handbook of Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Law, 127–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70913-6_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Legal defenses"

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Munsell, W. P. "Technology on Trial: The Social Framework of Safe Design." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87017.

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Blocked by novel judicial defenses that deprived them of the common law remedies that the general public enjoyed, workers agitated for decades until growing political pressure led employers and the courts to accept worker’s compensation in America at the beginning of the twentieth century. Two remarkable side-effects of the Worker’s Compensation Acts were the ignition of the safety movement and the reformulation of tort law in regards to technological harms. These changes came just as some of the dangers formerly reserved for industrial workers began to be visited upon consumers in the form of new, complex, and mass-produced products. Safety-minded engineers joined together to reassess the role of technology in accident-related injury, creating a new framework for design that shed old deterministic assumptions about operator behavior. Likewise, the legal community re-imagined tort law in view of a broad no-fault worker’s compensation system. The legal formulation culminated in a strict products liability regime in 1964, and a sea change in the social status of technology itself. But these two revolutionary conceptions, both oriented toward the protection of the user, are not equal: modern legal disputes serve to expose the disconnect between the engineering and legal frameworks of safe design.
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Grudinin, Nikita. "The history of the formation and development of the institute of necessary defense in Russian criminal law." In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-106-115.

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The article deals with the historical aspects of the formation and development of the institute of necessary defense in Russia. The author of the article mentions that the centuries-old history of the development of this institute has developed a criterion that establishes the possibility of self-defense and protection of the rights and freedoms of other people from socially dangerous encroachments, regardless of whether the defending person can resort to the help of others.
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"Admission of defense lawyer to participate in investigative actions carried out on his or her application." In LEGAL ISSUES OF STRENGTHENING RUSSIAN STATEHOOD. Vol. 79. Tomsk State University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946217637/40.

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"Some procedural aspects of the defense lawyer's participation in an inquiry conducted in a simplified form." In LEGAL ISSUES OF STRENGTHENING RUSSIAN STATEHOOD. Vol. 79. Tomsk State University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/9785946217637/42.

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Sidik, Dodik. "The Authority of The Ministry of Defense in Exporting and Importing the Defense and Security Tools." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Indonesian Legal Studies, ICILS 2020, July 1st 2020, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-7-2020.2303619.

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Yuan, Xiaojun. "Legal review on PTSD defense of adolescent patients in criminal cases." In 2016 2nd Chinese Youth’s Health Forum – Physiology, Psychology and Education. Asian Academic Press Co., Limited, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24104/rmhe/2017.01.01004.

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Martín Fernández, Dr Diego, and José Aureliano Martín Segura. "El valor legal de las fotografías." In I Congreso Internacional sobre Fotografia: Nuevas propuestas en Investigacion y Docencia de la Fotografia. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cifo17.2017.7046.

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El presente artículo pretende reflexionar sobre la insuficiente protección legal que se le está dando a la fotografía, partiendo de una revisión jurídica de varios procesos en los que se ha aplicado la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. Para ello, primero se ha propuesto definir el concepto de “buen hacer” en la fotografía, realizando un recorrido teórico sobre distintos conceptos que explican cómo los fotógrafos nos relacionamos con el equipo y con el mundo, como es el caso del sentido de la ortodoxia y la heterodoxia en la especialidad. Posteriormente, nos hemos posicionado sobre el interés que ofrece el tema en la actualidad fotográfica, exponiendo dicho método de recopilación de datos cualitativos en el que se analizan distintas sentencias. Finalmente, se pretende defender que la LPI proteja, no solo aspectos como la creatividad y la originalidad, sino también los procesos de trabajo –entre los que entraría un dominio conceptual y técnico-, antes que los resultados.
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Kreija-Gaikste, Sandra, and Irena Katane. "Theoretical and legal basis of young people’s military career in the field of national defence." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.042.

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Research in many countries across the world, including Latvia, shows that youth participation in national defence is a topical issue. So far, scholarly research focusing on the promotion of youth participation in national defence and the provision of career support at school age and after finishing school is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the research was to establish the basis for young people’s military career in national defence. Research results show that there is both theoretical and legal basis for young people to start a military career, already during school years. Based on the broad meaning of the concepts career and career development, young people’s self-development, self-management and self-actualisation in various fields of human activity over one’s lifetime emerge as topical issues. Such activities of various kinds may follow one another in succession or take place simultaneously, in parallel, in accordance with dual career theories. The beginning and development of young people’s military career in Latvia can occur in the context of various activities already present and available in the near future: 1) participation in the Latvian Youth Guard as a type of non-formal education, 2) acquisition of National defence training at school in the context of formal education, 3) upon reaching legal age, voluntarily joining the Latvian National Guard, which is a component of the National Armed Forces of the Republic of Latvia.
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Sidorenko, E. L. "State Functions Outsourcing In The Defence Sphere: Legal Support And Risks." In 18th International Scientific Conference “Problems of Enterprise Development: Theory and Practice”. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.04.91.

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Burzykowska, Anna. "The search for security and defence space capabilities in Europe. A legal perspective." In 57th International Astronautical Congress. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-e3.p.3.01.

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Reports on the topic "Legal defenses"

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Byrne, Sean J. Defense of Sovereignty: Domestic Operations -- Legal Precedents and Institutional Confusion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326516.

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Maloy, Bennie. The Impact of Illegal and Legal Migration on the Defense Security of South Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada561288.

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Klein, Robert L. What Are the Legal Limits of Department of Defense Domestic Counterdrug Support Operations to Law Enforcement Agencies? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada328222.

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Martin, Anne C., and Kevin M. Deasy. The Effect of Software Support Needs on the Department of Defense Software Acquisition Policy. Part 1. A Framework for Analyzing Legal Issues. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada178971.

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Zankovskij, S. S. ON IMPROVEMENT OF REGULATORY LEGAL ACTS, STATEMENT OF THE PROCEDURE OF THE ORGANIZATIONS OF THE DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX OF SEPARATE ACCOUNTING OF COSTS PRODUCTION OF CIVIL PURPOSE AND PRODUCTS DUAL PURPOSE. Modern Science, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0131-5226-2020-60002.

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De Jong, Kenneth, James Olds, and James Giordano. National Neuroscience: Ethics, Legal and Social Issues Conference (3rd) (NELSI-3) Held in Fairfax, Virginia on February 25, 2011. Ethical Issues in the Use of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology in National Defense. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada550507.

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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.

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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.
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[Portuguese] Relatório: Estado de Reconhecimento Legal dos Direitos dos Povos Indígenas, das Comunidades Locais e dos Povos Afrodescendentes ao Carbono Armazenado em Terras e Florestas Tropicais. Rights and Resources Initiative, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/xmra3234.

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Este estudo analisa a situação do reconhecimento legal dos direitos dos Povos Indígenas, comunidades locais e Povos Afrodescendentes ao carbono em suas terras e territórios em 31 países da África, Ásia e América Latina.10 Juntos, esses países defendem quase 70 por cento das florestas tropicais do mundo11 e representam pelo menos 62 por cento do potencial total de solução climática natural viável identificado por McKinsey et al. (2021),12 e, portanto, a maior parte das reduções de emissões baseadas na natureza e oportunidades de compensação de carbono em países com florestas tropicais e subtropicais.
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