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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Legal translation'
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Renska, I. "Key features of legal term translation." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13196.
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Dall'Omo, Alessia <1988>. "Legal Translation - Between Language and Law." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2799.
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Scott, Juliette Rose. "Optimising the performance of outsourced legal translation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701653.
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This highly interdisciplinary research, carried out by a practitioner, explores the outsourced legal translation environment, with a view to optimising key aspects of commissioning and performance. The results of a global survey are analysed: participants comprised 84 principals, for the most part from leading law firms and corporations, in 33 countries and 5 continents, and 303 legal translation practitioners from 41 countries and 6 continents. Concepts from corporate agency theory are used to shed light on market dysfunctions, such as a tortuous chain of supply, while perspectives from genre theory, comparative law and functionalist Translation Studies are applied to offer a theoretical model for legal translation performance and foreground its risks and constraints. Fitness-for-purpose is examined as a workable quality criterion associated with translation briefs supplied. Professionalisation and empowerment are raised as key factors with potential to significantly improve target text quality. Two practical tools have also been developed for legal and translation professionals. The first is a briefing template specifically developed for the outsourcing of legal translation, set to benefit commissioning clients by increasing the fitness-for-purpose of translated texts. The second tool, the genre-based NIFTY specialised corpus methodology, seeks to provide terminological support for translators, with particular relevance for collocations. Extensive fieldwork carried out-has brought to light 'hot spots' for risk such as severely impeded . information flows and insufficient interaction between market actors. The groundwork for dissemination to practice has already been laid, and is to be pursued forthwith. The types of legal texts outsourced prove in many instances to be highly sensitive, which further emphasises the gravity of the problem and the need to take action.
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Martínez, Carrasco Robert. "Epistemological Approaches to Legal Translation Education: A Situated Account." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/460911.
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La tesi doctoral que ací es presenta planteja, mitjançant una metodologia de caire quantitativo-qualitativa, una visió en conjunt de la didàctica de la traducció jurídica en Espanya, amb èmfasi en la pedagogia de l’aula i la metodologia emprada pel cos docent universitari. Partint de la conceptualització del coneixement mateix i l'adquisició de coneixement per part dels aprenents, el treball que presentem considera les bases epistemològiques que apuntalen l’educació superior en Espanya i les emmarca en un context institucional determinat (l’Espai Europeu d’Educació Superior, l’EEES), i un context normatiu concret (la Llei orgànica de 2007 per què es modifica la Llei Orgànica 6/2001, d’Universitats, LOMLOU), per tal de, en última instància, reflexionar sobre la praxi i la metodologia docent contemporània, la seua legitimació des de la filosofia de l’educació i l’epistemologia i com el canvi de paradigma que proposa l’EEES ha evidenciat la necessitat de re-enfocar l’ensenyament de la traducció jurídica.Through a mixed quantitative/qualitative standpoint, this doctoral dissertation provides a situated depiction of the current methodological and pedagogic practices regarding legal translation education in Spain. Framing education in epistemological terms, the dissertation reflects on the conceptualisation of knowledge and knowledge acquisition as tenets underpinning higher education methodology. This way, legal translation education is characterised according to a number of the institutional premises within the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) and the relevant domestic regulatory framework (the Spanish 2007 Organic Law modifying the Spanish University Law 6/2001, LOMLOU). Ultimately, this work reflects on the contemporary teaching praxis and classroom methodology of lecturers, the legitimation of the mainstream pedagogic practices in philosophical and epistemological terms, and how a substantial change of paradigm within EHEA has witnessed the need to re-shape and re-focus legal translation education.
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Inagaki, Yasuyoshi, Shigeki Matsubara, and Makoto Ohara. "AUTOMATIC EXTRACTION OF TRANSLATION PATTERNS FROM BILINGUAL LEGAL CORPUS." IEEE, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15084.
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Mak, Kit-man. "A functional approach to subordinate relations in legal translation (Chinese-English)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43959209.
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Mak, Kit-man, and 麥潔雯. "A functional approach to subordinate relations in legal translation (Chinese-English)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43959209.
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McGrory, Orla. "Legal translation and terminology in the Irish Free State, 1922-1937." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2018. https://pure.qub.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/legal-translation-and-terminology-in-the-irish-free-state-19221937(1d337793-2d72-4fb5-a936-bf92517746c1).html.
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This thesis explores the role and impact of Rannóg an Aistriúcháin - the Oireachtas Government Translation section - on English-Irish legal translation and terminology, with particular focus on the period 1922-1937; a period bookended by the establishment of the Irish Free State and the enactment of Bunreacht na hÉireann (the Constitution of Ireland) in 1937. It aims to assess the efficacy and consistency of the translation strategies and Irish legal terms employed by Rannóg an Aistriúcháin, and to investigate how modern translation theory – specifically equivalence theory – may be applied to English-Irish legal translation as a whole. While a semantic study of the English and Irish versions of the amended 1937 Constitution has previously been carried out (Ó Cearúil, 1999), there has yet to be any specific study of other translated English-Irish legislative material within the Irish Free State or, indeed, of any laws translated within the Rannóg. This is an area which holds great research potential as regards assessing the efficacy of a particular body of translations, as the position of the Irish language in the Republic of Ireland is a unique one. Not only is Irish an official language of the European Union, but it enjoys constitutional status as the National and First Official language of the Republic of Ireland, with Article 25.4.6o of the Irish Constitution 1937 providing that: ‘In case of conflict between the texts of a law enrolled under this section in both the official languages, the text in the national language shall prevail’. In other words, should the Irish translation deviate in any way from its English legislative counterpart, it is the Gaelic translated legislation - along with all its construed connotations and associations - which has the upper hand. With this reasoning in mind, this thesis takes a corpus of EN-GA legislative material translated by Rannóg an Aistriúcháin during the period 1922-1937, from which legal terms are chosen for analysis and qualitatively and semantically assessed in the context of Equivalence translation theory and legal translation. Ultimately, this thesis provides a new critical assessment of the reliability of Irish language legal terminology in primary legislation from this period; an analysis of how Equivalence theory may be applied to EN-GA legal translation as a whole; and provides some guidelines for future endeavours in English-Irish legal translation and terminology.
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Shi, Junjun. "Subjectivity in legal translation: An empirical study of explicitation and implicitation in the English-Chinese translation of a WTO agreement." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/395526.
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This study aims to identify manifestations of the legal translator’s subjectivity in terms of explicitation and implicitation as well as the causes and motivations behind such operations in English-Chinese legal translation.
This study first introduces the concept of subjectivity from cognitive linguistics into translation study and proposes a model of the translation process from a cognitive view of translation. In this model, explicitation and implicitation are believed to be located in the framework of construal as measurable dimensions of subjectivity, rendering the study of the legal translator’s subjectivity operational.
This thesis adopts a mixed methods approach, i.e., a combination of product-based approach and process-based approach, for data collection and analysis. It commences with a textual analysis of the English-Chinese translation of the “Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)” from the perspective of explicitation and implicitation. Based on the results of the textual analysis, sentences representing the typical categories of explicitation and implicitation, are extracted from TRIPS to be translated in the subsequent experiments. The methodology used for data elicitation in this thesis is introspection in the form of “thinking aloud”, complemented by use of the keyboard-logging instrument, Translog.
This study has found that translator’s subjectivity in terms of explicitations and implicitations exists in English-Chinese legal translation. It is inherent in the translation process and indispensable in achieving both semantic correctness and stylistic appropriateness, and hence desirable for translation practice. Further, explicitations are likely to assume a dominant position in the translator’s subjectivity, which is influenced by the translator’s internal demand and drive to interpret the ST accurately and external pressure to avoid ambiguity. The knowledge and information obtained in this study will be illuminating to legal translation practice and legal translation teaching.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc
Arts, Education and Law
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Al-Bainy, Ramez Hamad. "Additions and omissions in translation with reference to literary and legal translated texts." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397634.
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Kwok, Wai Hung, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Education and Languages. "Some linguistic devices in legal English that cause problems to the translation of legislative texts from English to Chinese." THESIS_FEL_XXX_Kwok_W.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/400.
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Legal draftsmen achieve the dual characteristics of thel egislative genre, viz. precision and all-inclusiveness, by the use of various linguistic devices, among which are (i) common words with uncommon meanings; (ii) binomial and multinominal expressions; (iii) nominalization; and (iv) qualifications. Whilst these four devices are very effective for their intended purpose, they often cause lexical, semantic or syntactic problem in the comprehension and translation of texts. This thesis explores, by analysis of the corpus, the different nature and extent of such problems caused by the above four devices in the translation of legislative texts from English to Chinese. Analyses in the thesis reveal that translation problems caused by the first two of the four devices mentioned above are mainly lexical in nature, though binomials contained in qualifications may sometimes also lead to semantic ambiguity. Translation problems arising from the use of nominalization or the use of qualifications are primarily semantic in nature, and are basically a problem of handling the various semantic units in the clauses. They can occur in both the comprehension stage and the actual rendering stage of the translation process. In the former, the problem lies in the difficulty in unpacking the various semantic units in the clauses, especially in the syntactically interrupted clauses where syntactic discontinuities are caused by the use of qualifications. in the latter, the difficulty lies in the syntactic re-arrangement of those units in the target language text in a manner syntactically acceptable to the target language while strictly in accordance with each semantic relationship intended by the source language text. Both the use of nominalization and the use of qualifications also give rise to some lexical problems. The analyses in the thesis also highlights some of the linguistic and extra-linguistic pre-requisites for a translator of legislative texts, for whom a good common sense and sufficient basic legal knowledge are as important as an extremely high level of proficiency in both the source language and the target language.Master of Arts (Translation and Linguistics)
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Mahadi, Tengku Sepora bt Tengku. "Translation of legal texts from English into Malay : with examples from constitutional and didactic texts." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308630.
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Palmer, Elliott. "An Investigation of Russian and American Legal Systems and Texts." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1588374705630893.
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Karakira, Steve, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Education. "Lexis versus text : the case for translating English legal texts into Arabic." THESIS_FE_XXX_KARAKIRA_ S.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/19.
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The thesis explores the nature of the difficulties involved in translating legal texts, focusing mainly on translating English legal texts into Arabic. It shows that these difficulties fall into two categories, structural and terminological. the latter being more problematical. The language of law is distinct, rigid, precise and too formal. The difficulty arises when a translator's exposure to the cultural and legal environments of his working languages is unbalanced. This could lead a translator to misunderstand not only the significance of the specialised terms used, but also the distinctive features of syntax and register of the original language text. The other, and more significant, difficulty arises from the lack of equivalence at the term level in the two languages. The research was conducted in two parts. In the first part, original legal texts in both English and Arabic were analysed, and the linguistic exponents extracted and compared. In the second part of the research, the development process of the English and Arabic legal terminology were considered, and the differences in terminology imposed by the different nature of the legal environments explored, including the adversarial versus inquisitorial systems. An empirical study concludes the thesis. It consists of a questionnaire and a list of legal terms which twenty translators were asked to complete. The results of the research are quite controversial. The argument is that difficulties involved in legal translations are more conceived than real in so far as textual, syntactic and structural features are concerned. The similarities between English and Arabic legal texts in this respect are striking. The confusion and indecisiveness which usually reign when translating English legal texts into Arabic will be alleviated through providing examples from contemporary Arabic legal texts, accompanied by textual and linguistic analyses. The real difficulty is in the field of terminology. However, a corpus of terms in the criminal code is discussed, focusing on terms with direct application to the Australian situation. This should be of direct benefit to Arabic translators and interpreters in Australia and other English-speaking countries.Master of Arts (Hons) (Translation)
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Matsuura, Yoshiharu. "Improving Legal Transparency: The Translation Project of Japanese Law and the Prospect of New Comparative Law." Center for Asian Legal Exchange, Graduate School of Law , Nagoya University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20120.
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Nikitina, J. "LEGAL STYLE MARKERS ANO THEIR TRANSLATION IN WRITTEN PLEADINGS BEFORE THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/525762.
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This corpus-based study investigates language use in the occluded genre of written pleadings before the European Court of Human Rights through the paradigms of legal phraseology and Translation Studies. The analysis is carried out on three subcorpora of authentic texts: (a) pleadings translated from Russian into English, (b) pleadings translated from Italian into English and (c) pleadings originally drafted in English.
Legal language is intricate and formulaic, and frequently makes recourse to prefabricated patterns and routines. Legal phraseology is a major challenge for professional legal translators, and yet its translation has not received much scholarly attention until recently. Legal phraseological units are prefabricated patterns that form the matrix of legal texts and reveal interesting information about both the language and structure of the genre of written pleadings.
Over the last thirty years, linguistic deviations occurring in the translation process have constituted one of the main areas within Translation Studies. It has been postulated that translated language has distinctive linguistic characteristics. Legal translation, in addition to linguistic factors, is conditioned by the tension between the legal systems involved, which can result in peculiar language dynamics in the translation of legal texts. This study draws inspiration from Toury’s (1995) and Chesterman’s (2004a) works to describe the different dynamics of translated language, applying a combination of translation norms and universals to identify and describe regularities in translated pleadings.
This work is carried out using both linguistic and translational insights in order to demonstrate empirically how written pleadings can be characterised in terms of their phraseological content and how translated pleadings differ from non-translated pleadings. Distributional patterns of recurrent and anomalous legal phraseological units are compared across the corpora and analysed for typicality of frequencies and patterning as well as for quantity and quality of linguistic variation. The results contain a list of legal style markers typical of this genre, obtained in a translational and phraseological perspective. The list supplements the rather scant information about the language of written pleadings at the European Court of Human Rights. The analysis also provides confirmatory evidence of the differences between translated and non-translated texts, specifically, proving the co-existence of two opposite tendencies in translation: conventionalisation (translation of source text textemes with conventional repertoremes of the target environment) and discourse transfer (introduction of prefabricated patterns from the source language).
The results may also be of some use and applicability for Russian-to-English and Italian-to-English translators, helping them avoid interference, use of unnatural or overly conservative patterns.
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Contarino, Antonio Giovanni. "Neural machine translation adaptation and automatic terminology evaluation: a case study on Italian and South Tyrolean German legal texts." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24989/.
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Following the implementation of South Tyrol’s Statute of Autonomy, the public administrations of the Autonomous Province of Bozen/Bolzano are legally bound to the bilingual publication of laws and administrative acts. This results in a strong demand for translation of legal-administrative texts, usually from Italian into German, which could be satisfied, at some extent, by integrating machine translation (MT) in the institutional translation workflow. In this setting, a crucial aspect is also represented by the local South Tyrolean legal-administrative terminology, which is of central importance in institutional translation, exhibits peculiar features with respect to other German-speaking countries, and has emerged as the main issue when machine-translating Italian legal-administrative texts into South Tyrolean German.
The purpose of the present study is to adapt an MT system (ModernMT) by means of a parallel corpus of legal-administrative texts and to evaluate it both in terms of overall MT performance and in terms of legal terminology evaluation, by automatically matching and categorising the legal terms produced by the MT engine within a fine-grained taxonomy.
Results showed that the domain-adapted engine achieved a substantial and promising improvement in MT performance (+9 BLEU), yielding a relatively good score of 35 BLEU. As for legal term translation, the proposed automatic evaluation approach provided insights about terminology improvements both on a quantitative and qualitative level. The domain-adapted engine correctly translated 2746 out of 3503 legal terms of the test set (term accuracy: 78.39%), significantly outperforming the generic ModernMT system by 3.31%. The most substantial improvements were observed with regards to standardised/recommended legal terms. Despite the significant improvements in term translation accuracy, however, the adopted domain-adaptation approach did not achieve a systematic enhancement in legal terminology translation.
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De, Leo Davide. "The translation of judgments in different and similar legal systems and languages/language varieties : an empirical study." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543766.
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Harmel, Alessandra Cani Gonzalez. "Aspectos da modalidade de educação à distância em curso de iniciação à tradução jurídica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8160/tde-22032019-122407/.
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A pesquisa para desenvolvimento da presente dissertação teve como objetivo demonstrar o uso de recursos de tecnologia de informação e comunicação na modalidade de Educação à Distância (EAD) para a viabilização de um curso de tradução na área de especialidade jurídica no par de idiomas Inglês-Português. A proposta surgiu com base na necessidade e interesse de tradutores em formação, atuantes no mercado e estudiosos da tradução em se aperfeiçoarem nessa área cada vez mais exigente e competitiva. A dificuldade de locomoção de interessados, que estejam localizados em regiões que não contemplem a possibilidade de cursos em suas proximidades ou ainda a não compatibilidade de tempo em horários pré-estabelecidos por cursos presenciais propiciam a busca por alternativas que venham a satisfazer tal demanda. A pesquisa objetivou descrever e verificar a implantação e o desenvolvimento de um curso no que concerne a aspectos didático-pedagógicos para capacitação, aprimoramento, aperfeiçoamento e desenvolvimento de tradutores. Sua fundamentação teórica teve por base, entre outros, estudos de Knowles (1984) e Mendes (2012) no que tange aos princípios de Andragogia e ensino-aprendizagem de adultos, Presas (2000), Hurtado Albir (1999) e Pym (2006 a 2012) com relação à formação e treinamento de tradutores, Aubert (1998), Chaffey (1997) e Reichmann (2102), Sarcevic (1997) sobre tradução jurídica e Morán (2009), Mendes (2012) e Simão Neto (2002) sobre Educação à Distância. As ferramentas utilizadas na aplicação do curso à distância na fase piloto, assim como nas duas edições seguintes, foram as dos serviços Grupos do Google e Google Drive. Dentre os inscritos no EAD contamos com um total de 35 participantes e com 12 no curso presencial ofertado como grupo de controle para comparação. A descrição dos resultados revelará como se deu a interação e alguns aspectos sobre o desempenho dos participantes, assim como o nível de satisfação e de aproveitamento de acordo com a pesquisa de opinião realizada ao final do curso.This thesis research aimed to demonstrate the use of information and communication technology in online learning by means of a course in the area of legal translation in the language pair English-Portuguese. It is based on the needs and interests of translators who are professional, scholars or in training and wish to improve in the translation area, which has become highly demanding and competitive. When the issue is either related to commuting for prospects that are located in areas which do not offer the intended courses nearby or conveniently located, or when course pre-established time table offers are not compatible, the search for alternatives to suit such demand begins. The research aimed to verify the viability and describe the implementation and development of a course as to didactical and pedagogical aspects in translators´ training, development and improvement. The studies of Knowles (1984) and Mendes (2012) with regard to the principles of Andragogy and adult learning-teaching; Presas (2000), Hurtado Albir (1999) and Pym (2006 to 2012) as to translator´s training; Aubert (1998), Chaffey (1997), Reichmann (2102), and Sarcevic (1997) for legal translation and Morán (2009), Mendes (2012) and Simão Neto (2002) for online learning, among others, are the theoretic basis for the research. The tools offered in the Google Groups and Google Drive services were used in the online course pilot, as well as the two subsequent versions. There was a total of 35 participants who enrolled for the online course and 12 participants for the face-to-face course offered as a means of comparison. The description of the results will reveal the participants´ interaction and some aspects of their performance as well as their level of approval and improvement according to the survey conducted at the end of the course.
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Lomeña, Galiano Maria. "Le professionnalisme de traducteurs “natifs” et “professionnels” judiciaires : une étude exploratoire et contrastive en France et en Espagne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100078.
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Comment définir un professionnel de la traduction et de l’interprétation judiciaire ? Aujourd’hui le métier de traducteur et d’interprète judiciaire en France et en Espagne est en voie de professionnalisation. Les structures professionnelles – formation, associations, régulation de l’État – contribuent à cette transformation de même que les attitudes favorables à la professionnalisation des praticiens, autrement dit le professionnalisme. Nous avons constaté que les travaux en traductologie n’ont pas développé la notion de professionnalisme et ont accordé une place centrale à la formation, laissant souvent de côté les aspects attitudinaux. Par ailleurs, la formation se révèle comme un critère de différenciation des traducteurs et interprètes, distinguant ceux qui sont diplômés en traduction – qualifiés de « professionnels » – de ceux qui ont acquis des compétences en traduction par la pratique – qualifiés de « natifs » (« naturels » ou « non-professionnels »). Cette thèse interroge cette dernière distinction et propose un modèle pour l’étude du professionnalisme centré sur cinq dimensions : l’idéal de service, l’intérêt pour les associations professionnelles et pour la qualité-efficacité dans la réalisation des tâches, les souhaits d’amélioration des conditions de travail et enfin les références en principes éthiques. Par le recours à ce modèle, notre travail explore les différences de professionnalisme entre traducteurs et interprètes judiciaires « natifs » et « professionnels » travaillant en France et en Espagne à partir d’entretiens biographiques. Les résultats avancent que l’interaction entre les acteurs interviewés et les structures professionnelles autres que la formation, détermine la définition du professionnalisme et du professionnel de la traductionWhat defines a professional on the field of legal translation and court interpretation? Nowadays, France and Spain are in the process of professionalizing this field. Even now, professional structures like a formal education, organizations and state regulations are contributing to this transformation, as well as demonstrating a favorable attitude towards the professionalization from its practitioners. In other words, professionalism. We have noticed that translation studies do not have a notion of professionalism, but keep a central role in formal education, which in effect neglects its attitudinal aspects. Furthermore, a formal education becomes the differentiation between translators and interpreters, distinguishing those who are certified in translation (qualified as “professionals”) from those who have acquired their translation skills through practice (qualified as “natives”, “naturals” or “non-professionals”). This thesis draws into question the above differentiation and proposes a model that studies professionalism focused on five aspects: the ideals of service, the interest for professional associations and quality-efficiency in task completion, the desire to improve working conditions and finally the standards in ethical principles. Through the use of this model, we performed biographical interviews to explore the differences in professionalism between “natives” and “professional” legal translators and court interpreters who work in France and Spain. The results indicate that, the interaction between the interviewees and the professional structures, other than a formal education, determines the definition of professionalism and of a translation professional
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Bendegard, Saga. "Begriplig EU-svenska? : Klarspråksarbetets förutsättningar inom den interinstitutionella översättningsprocessen." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229202.
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This thesis is a study of the inter-institutional translation process through which the Swedish versions of EU legislative acts are created, focusing on the conditions for plain language work within this process. These Swedish translations have long been considered incomprehensible. Complicated originals and strong demands for close correspondence to the source text have been considered the main reason. This study aims to examine the translation process, to see how institutional factors shape the scope for plain language work. The theoretical and methodological bases of the study are the sociology of translation, focusing on translation as a social activity, and ethnography, focusing on the participants’ perspective. The data analysed consist of field notes, interviews, video recordings of participants translating, and revised translations. A key factor for plain language is shown to be the demands for close correspondence to previous texts – not only the source text but also previous Swedish translations. Close correspondence is necessary due to special demands on legal translation but is also supported by other institutional factors, such as translators’ insecurity regarding legal language, short deadlines and the needs of internal readers. The use of CAT tools such as TWB further reinforces this dependence on previous texts. Other institutional factors that stand out are the relative isolation of the translation units, with limited feedback from outside the unit, and the position of the translated documents within the EU legal system. The results indicate that the difficulties for a Swedish reader are often not due to linguistic or textual formulation of the documents, but to the gap this EU position creates, between the reader’s (Swedish) and the text’s (EU) frame of reference respectively. Support for plain language is strong at the units, but the concept appears to have been partially given a local meaning, showing that the traditional understanding of plain language may not be fully applicable in this setting. This shows the necessity to identify the aspects most central to comprehensibility, for different types of texts and in different settings – a necessity not only for plain language work within the EU, but in national settings as well.I avhandlingen studeras den interinstitutionella översättningsprocessen, till svenska, för EU:s rättsakter, med fokus på hur villkoren för klarspråksarbetet ser ut inom denna process. De svenska översättningarna har länge ansetts svårbegripliga. Svårt skrivna original och starka krav på nära överensstämmelse med källtexten har pekats ut som huvudsakliga skäl till detta. Undersökningen syftar till att ta reda på hur institutionella faktorer formar utrymmet för klarspråksarbete inom översättningsprocessen. De teoretiska och metodiska utgångspunkterna för undersökningen är översättningssociologi, som betraktar översättning som en social aktivitet, och etnografi, som betonar deltagarperspektivet. Materialet består av fältanteckningar, intervjuer, videofilmade observationer av översättningsarbete samt granskade översättningar. Krav på nära överensstämmelse med tidigare texter visar sig vara centralt för klarspråksarbetet; inte bara överensstämmelse med källtexten utan också med tidigare svenska översättningar. Den nära överensstämmelsen är nödvändig till följd av de särskilda krav som ställs på juridisk översättning, men stöds också av andra institutionella faktorer, exempelvis översättarnas osäkerhet omkring juridiskt språk, korta tidsfrister och interna läsares behov. Användandet av CAT-verktyg som TWB förstärker ytterligare denna bundenhet till tidigare texter. Andra institutionella faktorer är enheternas relativa isolering, med begränsad återkoppling utifrån, och den position som de översatta dokumenten har inom EU:s juridiska system. Resultaten pekar på att svårigheterna för en svensk läsare ofta inte är kopplade till texternas språkliga eller textuella utformning, utan till det avstånd som skapas mellan läsarens (svenska) och textens (EU-) referensram, till följd av just textens position inom EU-systemet. Stödet för klarspråk är starkt på enheterna, men begreppet förefaller ha getts en delvis lokal innebörd, vilket visar att den traditionella innebörden av klarspråk kanske inte är helt tillämpbar i det studerade sammanhanget. Detta visar behovet av att identifiera de aspekter som är mest centrala för begripligheten, för skilda sorters texter och i skilda kontexter – en nödvändighet inte enbart för klarspråksarbetet inom EU, utan även i nationella sammanhang.
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Cronin, Antonia J. "The development and evolution of organ transplantation : an ethical and legal inquiry into the clinical translation of transplant immunobiology." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.516336.
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Transplants save lives. Clinical transplantation has a magnificent record, and it has saved the lives of thousands. Sadly, despite its overwhelming clinical success, the enterprise of organ transplantation remains frustrated by a shortage of organs. Demand has outstripped supply. Ultimately, this means that thousands of people, who value their lives, die waiting for a transplant. This is a tragedy, particularly since many, probably most, of these deaths are preventable. Healthcare matters. Not just because of tangible benefit outcome measures, but because it affects people's lives. This is why it is a moral imperative to identify and implement morally acceptable ways in which suitable organs are available for all those in need of a transplant. This thesis takes a synoptic view of organ transplantation, its development and its evolution. It examines the dynamic interplay of regulation, prohibition, and biotechnological innovation that continues to evolve in the arena of transplant immunobiology and clinical transplantation. It challenges the legitimacy of systems of organ donation and transplantation that exist, through critical analysis of underlying theoretical concepts, ethical argument, legal frameworks, transplant biology, and clinical outcome data. Finally, it explores scientific advances in transplant immunobiology and considers whether an extraordinarily sophisticated harmony between nature, adaptation and artificial intervention may make it possible not only to restore complex disease pathology and organ failure, but also to evolve the beings that we are and may become.
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Kwok, Wai Hung. "Some linguistic devices in legal English that cause problems to the translation of legislative texts from English to Chinese." Thesis, [Milperra, N.S.W. : The Author,], 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/400.
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Legal draftsmen achieve the dual characteristics of thel egislative genre, viz. precision and all-inclusiveness, by the use of various linguistic devices, among which are (i) common words with uncommon meanings; (ii) binomial and multinominal expressions; (iii) nominalization; and (iv) qualifications. Whilst these four devices are very effective for their intended purpose, they often cause lexical, semantic or syntactic problem in the comprehension and translation of texts. This thesis explores, by analysis of the corpus, the different nature and extent of such problems caused by the above four devices in the translation of legislative texts from English to Chinese. Analyses in the thesis reveal that translation problems caused by the first two of the four devices mentioned above are mainly lexical in nature, though binomials contained in qualifications may sometimes also lead to semantic ambiguity. Translation problems arising from the use of nominalization or the use of qualifications are primarily semantic in nature, and are basically a problem of handling the various semantic units in the clauses. They can occur in both the comprehension stage and the actual rendering stage of the translation process. In the former, the problem lies in the difficulty in unpacking the various semantic units in the clauses, especially in the syntactically interrupted clauses where syntactic discontinuities are caused by the use of qualifications. in the latter, the difficulty lies in the syntactic re-arrangement of those units in the target language text in a manner syntactically acceptable to the target language while strictly in accordance with each semantic relationship intended by the source language text. Both the use of nominalization and the use of qualifications also give rise to some lexical problems. The analyses in the thesis also highlights some of the linguistic and extra-linguistic pre-requisites for a translator of legislative texts, for whom a good common sense and sufficient basic legal knowledge are as important as an extremely high level of proficiency in both the source language and the target language.
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Kwok, Wai Hung. "Some linguistic devices in legal English that cause problems to the translation of legislative texts from English to Chinese /." [Milperra, N.S.W. : The Author,], 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030508.083637/index.html.
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Thesis: M.A.--University of Western Sydney, Macarthur, 2000.[Thesis submitted as part requirement for Master of Arts (Translation & Lingusitics), Faculty of Education and Languages]. References: p. 74-77.
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Савченко, Є. "Способи та труднощі перекладу англомовних юридичних термінів." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/83411.
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Розглянуто особливості перекладу юридичної термінології. Здійснено аналіз джерел та типів юридичних термінів англійської мови. Окреслено основні перекладацькі труднощі, які можуть виникати під час роботи з юридичними документами.Рассмотрены особенности перевода юридической терминологии. Осуществлен анализ источников и типов юридических терминов аглийского языка. Определены основные переводческие трудности, которые могут возникать при работе с юридическими документами.
It deals with peculiarities of the translation of legal terminology. The analysis of sources and types of legal terms of the English language is carried out. The main difficulties of legal documents’ translation are outlined.
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SERACINI, FRANCESCA. "A CORPUS-BASED DESCRIPTIVE TRANSLATION STUDIES ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN UNION LEGISLATION." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/24615.
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In base alla politica di multilinguismo dell’Unione europea, la legislazione adottata dall’UE deve essere disponibile in tutte le lingue ufficiali e ciascuna versione linguistica ha pari valore giuridico. La traduzione svolge di conseguenza una funzione fondamentale all’interno dell’Unione europea. La tesi indaga gli schemi traduttivi ricorrenti nelle leggi europee tradotte dall’inglese all’italiano con l’obiettivo di identificare le norme traduttive che governano la traduzione della legislazione europea. In particolare, lo studio si focalizza su determinate espressioni di modalità che ricorrono con una frequenza particolarmente elevata. Lo studio è condotto su un corpus parallelo bilingue costituito ad hoc comprendente leggi europee nella versione in inglese e in italiano e su due corpus monolingue di riferimento contenenti leggi nazionali rispettivamente in inglese e in italiano. L’analisi adotta un approccio corpus-based combinando il quadro teorico degli studi descrittivi sulla traduzione con la metodologia della linguistica dei corpora. I risultati, basati su dati quantitativi e qualitativi, rivelano un’oscillazione tra diverse tendenze: la tendenza a riprodurre gli schemi linguistici del testo di partenza, la tendenza a conformare i testi tradotti alle convenzioni della cultura di arrivo e la tendenza ad introdurre cambiamenti linguistici a vantaggio della leggibilità e chiarezza delle traduzioni rispetto ai testi di partenza.The policy of multilingualism at the European Union dictates that the legislation adopted by the EU is to be available in all the official languages and that all the language versions are equally authoritative. Consequently, translation plays a key role for the functioning of the EU. The present dissertation investigates the recurrent translational patterns in EU laws translated from English into Italian with the aim of identifying the translational norms that govern the translation of EU legislation. In particular, the study focuses on frequently occurring expressions of modality. For the purpose of the present research, a bilingual parallel corpus of EU law in English and in Italian and two reference corpora of, respectively, British and Italian national laws were compiled. The analysis was carried out with a corpus-based approach combining the theoretical framework of Descriptive Translation Studies with the methodology of Corpus Linguistics. The results, based on quantitative and qualitative data, show an oscillation between various tendencies, namely the tendency to reproduce the patterns of the source texts in the translated texts, the tendency to comply with the conventions of the target culture and the tendency to introduce changes that improve the readability and clarity of the translations.
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SERACINI, FRANCESCA. "A CORPUS-BASED DESCRIPTIVE TRANSLATION STUDIES ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN UNION LEGISLATION." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/24615.
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In base alla politica di multilinguismo dell’Unione europea, la legislazione adottata dall’UE deve essere disponibile in tutte le lingue ufficiali e ciascuna versione linguistica ha pari valore giuridico. La traduzione svolge di conseguenza una funzione fondamentale all’interno dell’Unione europea. La tesi indaga gli schemi traduttivi ricorrenti nelle leggi europee tradotte dall’inglese all’italiano con l’obiettivo di identificare le norme traduttive che governano la traduzione della legislazione europea. In particolare, lo studio si focalizza su determinate espressioni di modalità che ricorrono con una frequenza particolarmente elevata. Lo studio è condotto su un corpus parallelo bilingue costituito ad hoc comprendente leggi europee nella versione in inglese e in italiano e su due corpus monolingue di riferimento contenenti leggi nazionali rispettivamente in inglese e in italiano. L’analisi adotta un approccio corpus-based combinando il quadro teorico degli studi descrittivi sulla traduzione con la metodologia della linguistica dei corpora. I risultati, basati su dati quantitativi e qualitativi, rivelano un’oscillazione tra diverse tendenze: la tendenza a riprodurre gli schemi linguistici del testo di partenza, la tendenza a conformare i testi tradotti alle convenzioni della cultura di arrivo e la tendenza ad introdurre cambiamenti linguistici a vantaggio della leggibilità e chiarezza delle traduzioni rispetto ai testi di partenza.The policy of multilingualism at the European Union dictates that the legislation adopted by the EU is to be available in all the official languages and that all the language versions are equally authoritative. Consequently, translation plays a key role for the functioning of the EU. The present dissertation investigates the recurrent translational patterns in EU laws translated from English into Italian with the aim of identifying the translational norms that govern the translation of EU legislation. In particular, the study focuses on frequently occurring expressions of modality. For the purpose of the present research, a bilingual parallel corpus of EU law in English and in Italian and two reference corpora of, respectively, British and Italian national laws were compiled. The analysis was carried out with a corpus-based approach combining the theoretical framework of Descriptive Translation Studies with the methodology of Corpus Linguistics. The results, based on quantitative and qualitative data, show an oscillation between various tendencies, namely the tendency to reproduce the patterns of the source texts in the translated texts, the tendency to comply with the conventions of the target culture and the tendency to introduce changes that improve the readability and clarity of the translations.
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Peshkov, Kira. "Le discours juridique en russe et en français : une approche typologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3073.
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L'objectif de la recherche est l'étude comparative du discours juridique en russe et en français. Celle-ci inclut la précision des genres du discours juridique dans les deux langues, la détermination des particularités structurelles et sémantiques des termes et des collocations des deux langues, les particularités de leur fonctionnement dans les genres de discours différents ainsi que les particularités de leur traduction liées à ces deux facteurs. Nous abordons les genres de discours juridique suivants : normatif, juridictionnel, doctrinal et le discours des traités. L'existence de ce dernier comme genre distinct représente une des hypothèses de notre travail. Les genres de discours juridiques en russe et en français ont des traits communs à cause de leurs caractéristiques pragmatiques et communicationnelles imposées par le droit. Ils ont également des différences dues aux systèmes socio-culturels et linguistiques respectifs. Les problématiques suivantes sont analysées : le terme et le concept juridique dans le discours, les processus de la simplification de la structure formelle du terme juridique dans le discours et en particulier l'abréviation juridique, les relations de la synonymie et de l'antonymie dans le discours juridique et les collocations juridiques. Cette recherche apporte une contribution à l'enseignement de la langue juridique et à la pratique professionnelle de la traduction juridique français-russeThe purpose of this research is the comparative study of Russian and French legal terminology which tries to give a more precise definition of the types of legal discourse in both languages. This study will attempt to determine the structural and semantic specificities of the terms and collocations in both languages, the specific aspects of their functioning in different genres of discourse and the specific requirements for their translation connected to these two factors. We are dealing with the following genres of the legal discourse: normative discourse, jurisdictional discourse, doctrinal discourse and discourse of treaties. The existence of the latter as a self-standing genre constitutes the hypothesis of this thesis. The typologies of French and Russian discourse genres have similar features because of their pragmatic and communicational characteristics imposed by the law system. The differences between the typologies are due to socio-cultural and linguistic factors. The rest of the work addresses the following issues: legal term and concept in discourse, process of simplification of the formal structure of the legal term in discourse, and more specifically legal abbreviations, antonymic and synonymic relations in legal discourse and in legal collocations. This research aims at improving legal language teaching and professional practice of French-Russian legal translation
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Owor, Maureen. "Making international sentencing relevant in the domestic context : lessons from Uganda." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/3d520048-dba7-4393-ba22-664923c079c3.
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This thesis is about achieving local procedural legitimacy through fair, culturally relevant sentencing procedures. Its scope, is reconciling international due process guarantees and a traditional notion of rights, in sentencing procedures of the International Criminal Court. My interest in this topic arose from the 2003 Uganda Law Reform Commission study on sentencing legislation reforms. There, participants regarded clan courts as functional in rural areas, because they had more informal, conciliatory sentencing processes than the ‘alien’ national courts. I later became aware that incorporation of traditional restorative processes may also help solve problems of legitimacy at the international level, as manifested in the case of Joseph Kony, discussed in Chapter 1 of this thesis. I then investigate whether the international sentencing framework could accommodate features of traditional restorative process despite incongruent standards, and if so, how this could be achieved. I argue that procedural rights ought to underpin this reconciliation, harnessing aims of international criminal justice with traditional restorative justice. Through my translation model, I propose small structural changes to international sentencing practice, and doctrinal reforms based on precedent. Using critical legal analysis and a small empirical study, the thesis demonstrates how translation could achieve just, culturally apposite sentencing outcomes. The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and the Special Court for Sierra Leone provide insight into challenges to accommodating African normative standards. Nominal guidance from the African human rights mechanism and national courts, on an African notion of procedural fairness, further complicates this reconciliation. I conclude that we could translate laws across divergent legal systems, drawing from experiences of clan courts that assimilate legal structures and concepts from national courts. Major international instruments: Rome Statute 1998, United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966 and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights 1981, are evaluated against this model.
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Ozsoy, Elif Ceylan. "An altenative to legal transplants : cultural translation as a less imperialistic law-making method : the case of Turkey and the LGB rights concept." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32637.
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Through Judith Butler’s concept of ‘cultural translation’, this dissertation seeks to provide a less imperialistic law-making mechanism as it relates to the lesbian, gay and bisexual rights concept (hereinafter ‘the LGB rights concept’) in Turkey, which currently relies heavily on legal transplantation. In search of a new law-making method, this thesis first deconstructs ‘legal transplantation’ as that which creates various asymmetrical relations that amount to consolidating Western imperialism. Critical legal scholars have shown great interest in revealing the imperialistic consequences of the law-maker West and the law-taker non-West. This thesis aims to add another dimension to these discussions by placing ‘imitation’, as advanced by Judith Butler, at the heart of its analyses. It scrutinises legal transplantation through the various imitations/repetitions it embodies and explores the role of imitation in law-making as law-taking. It does so by evaluating legal change by means of legal transplantation through the example of the Turkish experience with the LGB rights concept, and uses Judith Butler’s understanding of imitation/repetition, as advanced in her gender performativity concept, to achieve this evaluation This thesis attempts to expand our understanding of law-making as law-taking by unveiling their performative force, which humanises the subject in a way that is similar to the processes of gendering it. In doing so, this thesis aims to transfer the analyses that postulate the gendered body as performative to the rubric of human rights law, and argues that humanisation of the body through granting rights is performative as well. Though the occasion arises for subversion from these various imitations, it introduces a new law-making method, cultural translation, transforming the realm of limited possibilities for human rights into the realm of the possible.
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Глазун, А. О. "Специфіка перекладу слів-термінів англомовного юридичного дискурсу українською мовою." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76721.
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HlazunAnzhelikaМета: визначити та описати перекладацькі способи та прийоми термінологічних одиниць англомовного юридичного дискурсу; розробити систему вправ для успішного оволодіння специфікою перекладу в галузі юриспруденції; виявити структурно-семантичні ознаки англомовних юридичних термінів; окреслити специфіку викладання юридичного перекладу та формування умінь та навичок юридичного перекладача. Теоретичне значення: обґрунтування специфіки перекладацьких способів та прийомів англомовних юридичних термінів та певний внесок у методику навчання галузевого перекладу.
Цель: определить и описать переводческие способы и приемы терминологических единиц англоязычного юридического дискурса; разработать систему упражнений для успешного овладения спецификой перевода в области юриспруденции; выявить структурно-семантические признаки англоязычных юридических терминов; определить специфику преподавания юридического перевода и формирования умений и навыков юридического переводчика. Теоретическое значение: обоснование специфики переводческих способов и приемов англоязычных юридических терминов и определенный вклад в методику обучения отраслевого перевода.
Goal: identify and describe the translation methods and techniques of terminological units of the English legal discourse; to develop a system of exercises for the successful mastery of the specificity of translation in the area of jurisprudence; identify structural and semantic features of the English legal terms; determine the specificity of teaching legal translation and the formation of skills of a legal translator. Theoretical meaning: justification of the specificity of translation methods and techniques of the English legal terms and a certain contribution to the methodology of teaching industry translation.
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Rodriguez, Bruna Filipa da Silva. "Género textual Procuração: tradução comentada alemão-português." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17080.
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Mestrado em Tradução EspecializadaA tradução jurídica, ao longo dos anos, tem vindo a despertar um grande interesse no mundo da tradução. É neste seguimento que este projeto se insere, procurando demonstrar estratégias e ferramentas que auxiliam no processo tradutivo bem como a terminologia específica do género textual Vollmacht/procuração quer na língua alemã quer na língua portuguesa. Serve então como meio de reflexão e sobretudo de difusão, contribuindo para avanços na tradução jurídica.
Legal translation has occupied great interest in the translation industry over the years. In this context, this project aims to describe the strategies and tools that assist the translation process, as well as the specific German and Portuguese terminology of the textual genre that confers powers of attorney. Therefore, it is used as reflection tool and, above all, a means of dissemination which will contribute towards the advance of legal translation
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Henzelmann, Martin. "Tagungsbericht zur Internationalen Konferenz Linguistik als diskursive Schnittstelle zwischen Recht, Politik und Konflikt: Institut für Slavistik der Technischen Universität Dresden, 02.–04.02.2017." De Gruyter, 2017. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A71379.
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Vom 02. bis 04. Februar 2017 wurde vom Institut für Slavistik der TU Dresden eine internationale Konferenz mit dem Titel Linguistik als diskursive Schnittstelle zwischen Recht, Politik und Konflikt ausgerichtet, die durch die Graduiertenakademie der TU Dresden aus Mitteln der Exzellenzinitiative des Bundes und der Länder gefördert wurde. Der thematische Schwerpunkt richtete sich auf differenzierte Analysen, die im Spannungsfeld zwischen juristischer Terminologie, Herausforderungen der Translationswissenschaft sowie der Konfliktlinguistik angesiedelt sind. Die Dresdner Organisatoren begrüßten anlässlich der Tagung Gäste aus Deutschland, Italien, Rumänien, Russland, Slowenien, Tschechien und aus der Ukraine, die die Ergebnisse aktueller Forschungsprojekte und themenbezogener Studien vorstellten.
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簡慧妍. "論澳門行政合同制度 =A study of the system of administrative contract in Macau." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952158.
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Gatta, Andrea. "Towards the Harmonisation of Civil Procedure: Translation in Italian Civil Court Proceedings and the Role of Multilingual Document Templates." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17167/.
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Over the past few decades, globalisation, international trade, cross-border investments, travel, and economic and personal relationships between citizens of different countries have had a profound impact on law. An increase in international relationships is inevitably followed by a growth in international and cross-border litigation. Therefore, several initiatives have been launched with the aim of unifying, harmonising, and internationalising civil procedure. Today, the international harmonisation of civil procedure is mainly achieved through soft law instruments, such as the numerous Hague Conventions dedicated to this legal field and the ALI/UNIDROIT Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure. Moreover, in the European Union, harmonisation of civil procedure has reached even more advanced levels across member states.
Any party who becomes involved in an international or cross-border dispute naturally needs to understand what is happening around them. Hence, translation is attributed a major role in international civil procedure. This paper will look at translation in civil proceedings, with particular regard to international and transnational disputes which fall under the Italian jurisdiction¬. Its purpose is twofold: 1) the first aim is to propose a potential resource which could facilitate translation in Italian civil proceedings, i.e. multilingual civil court document templates; 2) the second aim is to raise awareness on the importance of translation in international and cross-border disputes and highlight the peculiarities which characterise this particular type of translation and differentiate it from other areas of both general and legal translation.
Chapter 1 offers an overview of Italian civil proceedings. Chapter 2 is dedicated to legal translation. Chapter 3 focuses on Italian civil court documents and the use of templates in Italian proceedings. Finally, Chapter 4 presents the German and English translations of six Italian sample templates.
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Moraes, Naomi James Sutcliffe de. "Uma análise qualitativa de marcadores culturais em dois corpora paralelos de traduções jurídicas de direito privado de português para inglês e de inglês para português." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-01082007-145717/.
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Esta tese apresenta uma análise qualitativa da tradução de marcadores culturais referenciais (extra-lingüísticos) e estilísticos (convenções lingüísticas) em dois corpora paralelos de documentos da área de direito privado, um com originais em português brasileiro e traduções em inglês e o outro com originais em inglês e traduções em português brasileiro. Os corpora não contêm traduções de aprendizes. Dividiu-se os marcadores em categorias temáticas para identificar tendências de abordagem. As análises incluíram classificação das soluções tradutórias através das modalidades de Aubert (2005), com modificações, e graus de aproximação do receptor ao texto original. Dois corpora comparáveis em inglês e português também foram coletados e utilizados para servir como uma referência para questões estilísticasThis dissertation is a qualitative analysis of the translation of referential (extra-linguistic) and stylistic cultural markers in two parallel corpora containing documents from the area of private law, one with originals in Brazilian Portuguese and translations in English and the other with originals in English and translations in Brazilian Portuguese. The corpora contain translations performed by professionals, not students of translation. The cultural markers were categorized thematically to allow identification of translation strategy trends. The analyses included classification of translation solutions using the modalities of Aubert (2005), with modifications, and degrees of approximation between the receptor and the original text. Two comparable corpora in English and Brazilian Portuguese were also compiled and used as a reference for stylistic questions
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Loayza, Torres Renzo Alesandro, and Díaz Andrea Camila Majail. "Traducción audiovisual y lenguaje especializado: un análisis de la subtitulación del lenguaje especializado jurídico en dramas legales estadounidenses emitidos entre los años 2009 a 2020." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654577.
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La subtitulación de lenguaje especializado en series es una actividad con un alto grado de dificultad, puesto que el traductor se enfrenta a una triple tarea: 1) ser consistente con las normas y características de la subtitulación, 2) ser preciso y correcto con la terminología jurídica especializada y 3) tener que adaptar los contenidos y terminología para lograr una buena compresión y recepción del producto por parte de la audiencia. Esta triple tarea se dificulta aún más debido a la inherente complejidad de la traducción jurídica y a las restricciones de la traducción audiovisual. Por ello, la presente investigación tiene como finalidad analizar la subtitulación del lenguaje especializado presente en los siguientes dramas legales estadounidenses emitidos de 2009 a 2020: “The Good Wife”, “Suits”, “How to Get Away with Murder” y “American Crime Story: The People v. O. J. Simpson”. Mediante la técnica de análisis textual contrastivo, este estudio propone identificar y explicar los problemas que puede suponer esta tarea, al igual que determinar y explicar las técnicas empleadas para resolverlos.The subtitling of specialized language present in series is an activity with a high degree of difficulty, since the translator faces a triple task: 1) to be consistent with the subtitling norms and characteristics, 2) to be precise and correct with the specialized legal terminology, and 3) to have to adapt the contents and terminology to achieve a good understanding and reception by the audience. The difficulty of this triple task increases in account of the inherent complexity of legal translation and the restrictions of audiovisual translation. Hence, this research aims to analyze the subtitling of specialized language present in the following American legal dramas broadcasted from 2009 to 2020: "The Good Wife," "Suits," "How to Get Away with Murder" and "American Crime Story: The People v. O. J. Simpson." By using the contrastive text analysis technique, this study intends to identify and explain the problems that this task may entail, as well as to determine and explain the techniques used to solve them.
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Graef, J. Julian. "Practicing peacebuilding differently : a legal empowerment project, a randomised control trial and practical hybridity in Liberia." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6384.
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Hybridity, as it is currently understood in the Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) and International Relations (IR) literature, is defined by the complex interactions between ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local'. However, under this theoretical liberal-local rubric, the ways in which power is practiced has already been determined; how resistance is expressed and the forms it assumes have already been established. While it has yielded numerous important insights into how power circulates and resistance manifests in peacebuilding operations, the theoretical approach conceals other significant dynamics which escape detection by ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local'. However, these undetected dimensions of hybridity comprise the very processes that emerge in ways which destabilise the boundaries between ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local' and reshape the contours of the emerging post-liberal peace. Instead of accepting the liberal-local distinction which defines this theoretical hybridity, this thesis advances an alternative methodological approach to exploring the tensions at play in peacebuilding projects. Rather than deploying theoretical distinctions in order to explain or understand complex hybrid processes, this thesis develops a methodological strategy for exploring the tensions between how actors design a peacebuilding project and how that project changes as actors work to translate that project into complex, everyday living sites (Callon, 1986; Law, 1997; Akrich, 1992). This tension is expressed as practical hybridity. The process of practical hybridity unfolds as the concrete material changes, modifications, and adaptations that emerge as actors appropriate and contingently translate organised practices in new ways and for different purposes. Through an ongoing process of practical hybridity, the boundaries and distinction which define the distinction between ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local' become increasingly unstable. Amidst this instability, the practices which characterised ‘the liberal peace' are becoming stretched into a post-liberal peace. Drawing on the work of Richmond (2011a; Richmond & Mitchell, 2012), Latour (1987b; 1988; 2004), and Schatzki (2002), and based on over five months of field research, this this thesis traces the process of practical hybridity at play during the implementation and evaluation of a peacebuilding project in Liberia. I participated as a research assistant on a Randomised Control Trial (RCT), implemented by a small research team under the auspices of the Oxford University's Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE). The team was assessing the impact of a legal empowerment programme managed by The Carter Center: the Community Justice Advisor (CJA) programme. As the CSAE's evaluation of the CJA programme unfolded, many dynamics associated with theoretical liberal-local hybridity surfaced; however, it also became apparent that this theoretical formulation obscured important dimensions which were reshaping what peacebuilding practice is in the process of becoming in the emerging post-liberal world.
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Mac, Aodha Máirtín. "Lexicographie, traduction et langues minoritaires : le cas de l'irlandais au sein de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAC031/document.
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Notre thèse porte sur les dictionnaires juridiques et comment on peut les améliorer du point de vue du traducteur au sein des institutions européennes. Les dictionnaires juridiques existants sont lacunaires. On peut surtout leur faire grief de limiter la fonction de décodage par la pluralité des équivalents proposés et de sacrificier complètement celle d’encodage. C’est à partir de ce constat que nous avons voulu élaborer un lexique anglais-gaélique du droit de l’environnement de l’Union européenne pour mieux répondre aux besoins des traducteurs. Le statut de nouvelle arrivée de la langue irlandaise en tant que langue officielle de l’Union européenne (2007) fait d’elle un terrain propice à la recherche. Le droit de l’environnement est un nouveau droit dont la terminologie est en devenir. Notre recherche a surtout voulu mettre en évidence l’utilité des corpus pour l’étude de la terminologie et pour l’élaboration de dictionnaires juridiques. Notre corpus, pleinement représentatif du domaine couvert, allié au système de gestion de corpus Sketch Engine, nous a permis d’identifier les termes les plus fréquemment employés. Une fois la sélection faite, nous avons pu approfondir notre recherche en utilisant la carte combinatoire du logiciel (Word Sketch), qui permet de dresser un portrait du comportement concurrentiel des termes. Des divergences entre les termes utilisés au niveau national et ceux qui sont proposés au niveau européen sont également analyséesLegal dictionaries are notoriously misleading and a source of confusion for translators. This study aims at improving the quality of those lexicographic products in the context of translation in the European Union. The criticism of existing resources is accompanied by the proposal of a new lexicographical model. An English-Irish dictionary of environmental law in the EU is produced for the target users using a corpus of the key jurisprudence and doctrine. Once created, the corpus was exploited using the tools offered by Sketch Engine. The difficulties posed by the terminology of a minority language and that of a relatively recent legal domain are analyzed. Divergences between terminology used at national level and that used at EU level are also discussed
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鄒海若. "行政撤銷問題研究 :從義務與自由裁量之爭出發 = Research on the annulment of administrative acts : starting from the dispute between obligation and discretion." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3952167.
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Fonseca, Luciana Carvalho. "A tradução de binômios nos contratos de \'common law\' à luz da lingüística de corpus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-06112007-110242/.
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O objetivo desta pesquisa é estudar os binômios que ocorrem em contratos de common law à luz da Lingüística de Corpus, procurando dar subsídios que auxiliem os tradutores de textos jurídicos a chegar a uma tradução natural, ou seja, para que traduzam linguagem jurídica por linguagem jurídica. Os binômios são formados por duas palavras pertencentes à mesma categoria gramatical, ligadas pela conjunção and ou or. Alguns exemplos são: terms and conditions, any and all, executed and delivered, due and payable, action or proceeding, agreement or obligation. Os binômios são uma marca do inglês jurídico e como tal têm sido objeto de diversos estudos. O mesmo, porém, não ocorre com a linguagem jurídica em português. Assim, ao lidar com a tradução de binômios, estudos mostram que os tradutores brasileiros se apegam à opção mais literal. A escolha de estudar os binômios nos contratos de common law se deve ao fato de estarem os contratos entre os documentos mais difíceis de traduzir e de ler e por terem uma altíssima concentração de binômios. Por essas razões, para estudar os binômios na linguagem jurídica em inglês e dar elementos para o tradutor chegar à tradução em português do Brasil, compilamos um corpus comparável de agreements e contratos autênticos perfazendo, aproximadamente, 1 milhão de palavras - 705 744 em inglês e 289 984 em português - composto por 5 amostras de 28 espécies de contratos e agreements, totalizando 140 documentos em cada língua. O corpus foi explorado de acordo com os princípios e ferramentas da Lingüística de Corpus. Para etiquetar o corpus usamos o programa CLAWS 7 (the Constituent Likelihood Automatic Word-tagging System) do UCREL (Universidade de Lancaster) e para explorá-lo, o WordSmith Tools de Mike Scott.This research aims at studying binomial expressions in common law agreements in the light of Corpus Linguistics in an attempt to provide translators with the necessary linguistic elements that will enable them to render a natural translation, that is, to translate legal language into legal language. Binomial expressions are formed by two words belonging to the same grammatical category and joined by and or or. Some examples are: terms and conditions, any and all, executed and delivered, due and payable, action or proceeding, agreement or obligation. Binomials are an integral part of English legal language and as such have deserved a considerable amount of study. The same, however, does not occur in Brazilian Portuguese legal language. Therefore, when dealing with binomial expressions, studies show that Brazilian translators tend to translate all the elements of a binomial literally. The choice of text type is due to the fact that agreements and contratos are among the most difficult documents to translate and seem to have an incredibly high concentration of binomial expressions. For said reasons, in order to study binomials in English legal language and provide elements for translators to arrive at their own translation into Brazilian Portuguese, we have compiled and explored a bilingual comparable corpus consisting of authentic agreements and contratos, totalling, approximately, 1 million words - 705,744 in English and 289,984 in Brazilian Portuguese - made up of 5 samples of 28 different kinds of contratos and agreements, a total of 140 documents in each language. Exploring such a corpus greatly depended on the principles and tools of Corpus Linguistics. To tag the corpus we used UCREL\'s CLAWS 7 (the Constituent Likelihood Automatic Word-tagging System) and to explore the corpus we used Mike Scott\'s WordSmith Tools.
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Beldjerd, Hanaa. "Traduction en arabe des textes juridiques à vocation internationale : le cas de la Charte des Nations Unies." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H021.
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Au XXème siècle, les puissances mondiales sorties victorieuses de la Seconde guerre mondiale ont établi une nouvelle institution internationale, l’ONU. La Charte des Nations Unies, texte constitutif de l’ONU, a été signée à San Francisco le 26 juin 1945, à la fin de la Conférence des Nations Unies pour l’institution internationale, et est entrée en vigueur le 24octobre 1945.Suite à l’adoption de la résolution 3190 (XXVIII) de l’Assemblée générale le 18décembre 1973 faisant de l’arabe une langue officielle, la traduction de la Charte des Nations Unies en arabe a été effectuée. Traduire le message de la langue-culture source (quelle qu’elle soit) vers la langue-culture cible arabe se dit ta‘rīb.L’internationalisation du droit a accentué le besoin de ta‘rīb au sein de l’ONU. Ta‘rīb devient un instrument important pour la communication internationale. La traductologie, discipline mère de la traductologie juridique, est appelée à rendre compte des traits spécifiques de la traduction institutionnelle, notamment ta‘rīb de la Charte des Nations Unies entre deux espaces culturels différents que sont : la langue-culture source exprimée en anglais et en français et la langue-culture cible exprimée en arabe. Cela nous a amené à la question centrale de notre problématique qui est à savoir :Comment traduire vers l’arabe, ta‘rīb, la Charte des Nations Unies entre deux espaces culturels différents ?Dans cette recherche, nous réfléchirons à la spécificité de la traduction dans le cadre d’institution internationale et éluciderons les enjeux de ta‘rīb au sein de ce type d’institution.En premier lieu, notre questionnement nous pousse à remettre en cause la traduction en arabe sur lequel se fonde la conception de ta‘rīb des textes juridiques internationaux, en ouvrant une pensée à la pratique de la traduction en arabe au sein de l’institution. En deuxième lieu, nous démontrons comment la Charte des Nations Unies a été traduite en arabe au sein de l’ONU. En troisième lieu, nous exposons les outils nécessaires pour un traducteur en arabe, mu‘arrib, au sein des institutions internationales afin d’améliorer la qualité de ta‘rīb des textes juridiques internationaux dans les institutions internationales telles que l’ONU, pour enfin explorer de nouvelles solutions pour ta‘rīb des textes juridiques internationaux, notamment ta‘rīb de la Charte des Nations UniesIn the 20th century, the world powers that came out victorious from the Second World Warhave established a new international institution : the United Nations. The Charter of the United Nations, the constitutive text of the United Nations, was signed in the end of the United Nations Conference and took effect on the 24th of October 1945.Following the adoption of the General Assembly Resolution 3190 (XXVIII) on the 18th of December 1973, Arabic became an official language of the United Nations. The UN Charterwas translated into Arabic, that is there was a process of ta’rib of the Charter (the process of translating any language-culture source into Arabic is called ta‘rīb). The internationalisation of the law have greatly increased the need to ta‘rīb in the United Nations, and ta‘rīb is becoming an important instrument in international communication. Translation studies, the principal field of legal translation, is called to account for specific features of institutionaltranslation, particularly ta‘rīb of the United Nations Charter between two different cultural spaces linked to the language-culture source expressed in English and French and the language-culture target, Arabic. We can thus formulate our central question : How to ta‘rīb(translate into Arabic) the Charter of the United Nations between two different cultural spaces ? In this research we will discuss specific features of institutional translation by especially focusing on ta‘rīb in United Nations. This will first bring us to question the process of translation into Arabic on which the conception of ta‘rīb of international legal texts is based, which will lead to the the practice of translating into Arabic in the institution. We willthen show how the United Nations Charter is translated into Arabic in the United Nations,which will then allow us, in a third moment, to highlight the necessary tools for a translator into arabic, mu‘arrib, in the international institution in order to improve the quality of ta‘rībof international legal texts in the United Nations. And, finally, we will explore new solutions for ta‘rīb of international legal texts, particularly ta‘rīb of the Charter of the United Nations
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Lu, Chi Seng. "Esquema teórico sustentável da tradução jurídica bilíngue baseado num estudo sobre a tradução da legislação da acção social da região administrativa especial de Macau =Sustainable theoretical framework of bilingual legal translation based on a study on the translation of social welfare legislation of Macao special administrative region." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953522.
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Orenha, Adriane. "Unidades fraseológicas especializadas : colocações e colocações estendidas em contratos sociais e estatutos sociais traduzidos no modo juramentado e não-juramentado /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103524.
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Orientador: Diva Cardoso de CamargoBanca: Francis Henrik Aubert
Banca: Ieda Maria Alves
Banca: Claudia Maria Xatara
Banca: Eli Nazareth Bechara
Resumo: Esta pesquisa visa realizar um estudo a respeito dos termos, colocações e colocações especializadas estendidas presentes em contratos sociais e estatutos sociais que representam os corpora de pesquisa. Nesta pesquisa, também observaremos as semelhanças e diferenças nos corpora de traduções jurídicas e juramentadas, no que concerne ao uso desses termos e padrões lexicais, assim como apontaremos aqueles que são mais frequentemente empregados em documentos do tipo contrato social e estatuto social. A investigação baseia-se na abordagem interdisciplinar dos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus, da Linguística de Corpus, da Fraseologia, de modo mais específico das colocações, das colocações especializadas e das unidades fraseológicas especializadas. A Terminologia, por meio de seus pressupostos teóricos, também traz sua contribuição para a pesquisa, assim como os trabalhos sobre a tradução juramentada. Uma das motivações que delineia este estudo reside no fato de a tradução juramentada ser considerada de grande relevância nas relações comerciais, sociais e jurídicas entre as nações. Para realizar este estudo, compilamos um corpus de estudo (CE1) constituído por contratos sociais e estatutos sociais traduzidos no modo juramentado, nas direções tradutórias inglês português e português inglês, extraídos de Livros de Registro de Traduções, pertencentes a tradutores juramentados credenciados pela Junta Comercial de dois Estados brasileiros; e um corpus de estudo (CE2) formado por documentos de mesma natureza traduzidos sem o processo de juramentação, nas mesmas direções tradutórias. Além destes corpora, construímos dois corpora comparáveis, formados pelos referidos documentos originalmente escritos em português e em inglês. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram várias semelhanças, no tocante aos termos empregados em documentos traduzidos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This investigation aims at carrying out a study on terms, collocations and extended specialized collocations present in articles of incorporation/articles of organization/articles of association and bylaws that represent our research corpora. We will also observe similarities and differences in sworn and legal translation corpora, which concerns the use of such terms and lexical patterns, as well as point out the ones which are more frequently used in the focused documents. This research derives its theoretical and methodological sources from Corpus-Based Translation Studies, Corpus Linguistics, Phraseology, more specifically from collocations, specialized collocations and specialized phraseological units (SPUs). Terminology, from its theoretical standpoint, also offers its contribution to this study, as well as essays on sworn translation. One of the aspects that motivates this study is the fact that sworn translation is considered to be of great relevance to commercial, social and legal relations among nations. To conduct this research, we compiled a study corpus (CE1) composed of articles of incorporation/articles of organization/articles of association and bylaws submitted to the process of sworn translation in the English Portuguese and Portuguese English directions, excerpted from the Books of Sworn Translation Records, made available by five Brazilian sworn translators, duly sworn by the Board of Trade of two Brazilian States; a study corpus (CE2) made up of documents of the same nature not submitted to the process of sworn translation, in the same translation directions. Besides these corpora, we also built two comparable corpora formed by the referred documents originally written in Portuguese and in English. The results obtained in this research showed some similarities which refer to the terms used in documents submitted to the process of sworn translation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Turqueto, Haydée. "A tradução juramentada como ação: estratégias para a construção de equivalências em documentos vertidos e traduzidos no par de línguas italiano e português." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-19112015-132241/.
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O presente estudo descritivo-comparativo refere-se à tradução juramentada de documentos realizada no par de línguas português e italiano. Sendo o ato tradutório um processo complexo, implica em várias etapas a serem cumpridas, desde o recebimento da informação transmitida pela língua de partida, a análise imediata do tradutor de seu conteúdo e objetivo, a pesquisa terminológica a ser realizada nesse documento para a certificação da equivalência/correspondência em realidades situacionais jurídicas e administrativas diferentes e as decisões que ele deve tomar para preencher as lacunas linguísticas provenientes dessa diversidade. Para a realização do seu trabalho, o tradutor juramentado conta com um prazo pré-estabelecido, além de um escasso material lexicográfico bilíngue de apoio. Na maioria das vezes, suas decisões sobre esse árduo percurso são imediatas, pontuais e solitárias. Assim, objetiva-se com este estudo fundamentar a sua prática tradutória em uma teoria dos estudos da tradução, para justificar tais decisões. Ao longo deste trabalho, foram apresentados diversos tipos de documentos que são utilizados na prática de atos civis das pessoas e que, ao transpor continentes, são mediados pelo tradutor juramentado, quando a comprovação de seu teor deve ser atestada e traduzida/vertida, para cumprir determinado objetivo em países estrangeiros que se comunicam. Esses documentos são de valor incontestável desde épocas remotas até os dias atuais. Isso será brevemente relatado no surgimento dos cartórios, que objetivavam o registro dos atos civis dos habitantes de uma comunidade, na criação das Juntas Comerciais, que sempre visaram à fiscalização e ao registro da vida comercial das sociedades, até nossos dias, em que são utilizados para formalizar transações intercontinentais. No discorrer da pesquisa, foi dado um pequeno enfoque para a importância do verbo em contextos jurídicos, estudo este fundamentado na teoria dos Atos de Fala. Visto que o tradutor juramentado é investido de poder para o ofício que executa ao certificar suas traduções, a referida Teoria é relevante ao ser também comprovada na pratica do ato tradutório. A análise comparativa terminológica principal deste estudo foi realizada tomando-se como base dois documentos transcritos no par de línguas português e italiano: o TERMO DE AUDIÊNCIA EM AÇÃO DE DIVÓRCIO DIRETO CONSENSUAL e VERBALE DI COMPARIZIONE DEI CONIUGI ALL´UDIENZA CAMERALE DI DIVORZIO CONGIUNTO. Nela, procurando-se estabelecer o grau de equivalência/correspondência nas línguas português e italiano e a comprovação de semelhanças no uso de sintagmas verbais encontrados no corpo dos dois documentos, constatou-se a existência terminológica total em alguns segmentos e parcial em outros. Fundamentar a prática tradutória em uma teoria da tradução foi de imensa importância para a conclusão deste trabalho, não só pela justificativa das decisões pessoais tomadas pelo tradutor juramentado no processo tradutório, mas pela comprovação teórica desses atos, obtida através dos estudos incansáveis realizados por esses pesquisadores da língua.This comparative-descriptive study refers to the certified translation of documents held in the pair of Portuguese and Italian languages. Being the Translational Act a complex process, it involves several steps to be complied, since the receiving of the information supplied by the source language, the immediate analysis of the translator of its content and purpose, the terminological research to be held in this document to the certification of the equivalence/correspondence in different legal and administrative situational realities and the decisions he must take in order to fill the linguistic gaps from this diversity. For the completion of a work, the certified translator has a pre-established deadline, and a scarce bilingual lexicographic support material. Most of the time, their decisions on this arduous journey are immediate, timely and lonely. Thus, the objective of this study is to substantiate its translation practice on a theory of translation studies, to justify such decisions. Throughout this work, various types of documents that are used in the practice of civil acts of people and that, when transposing continents, are mediated by a certified translator, when the evidence of its content must be certified and translated to fulfill a particular purpose in foreign countries which communicate to each other, were presented. These documents are of incontestable value since ancient times to the present day. This will be briefly reported in the emergence of registry offices, which aimed the registration of civil acts of the inhabitants of a community, from the creation of Trade Boards, which have always aimed at the supervision and registration of the commercial life of society, to this day, when they are used to formalize intercontinental transactions. In the discourse of the research, it has been given a small focus to the importance of the verb used in legal contexts, being this study based on the Theory of Speech Acts. Since the certified translator is vested with power to the work that he performs when certifying the translations, the referred Theory is also relevant when proven in the practice of the translation act. The main terminological comparative analysis of this study was performed taking base on two documents transcribed in the pair of the Portuguese and Italian languages: TERM OF HEARING IN DIRECT CONSENSUS DIVORCE ACTION and VERBALE DI COMPARIZIONE DEI CONIUGI ALL\'UDIENZA CAMERALE DI DIVORZIO CONGIUNTO. In it, seeking to establish the degree of equivalence / correspondence in the Portuguese and Italian languages and the evidence of similarities in the use of verb phrases found in the body of the two documents, there was total terminological existence in some segments and partial in others. Substantiating the translation practice in a theory of translation was of immense importance to the completion of this work, not only by the background of the personal decisions made by the certified translator in the Translational process, but by the theoretical evidence of these acts, obtained through the tireless studies carried out by these researchers of the language.
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Sferle, Adriana. "Etude comparative des terminologies juridiques française et roumaine. Elaboration d'un dictionnaire bilingue du droit des contrats de commerce international." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030045.
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Notre thèse étudie les principaux aspects liés au langage juridique, plus particulièrement à la terminologie juridique dans une perspective comparative entre le français et le roumain, et dans ce contexte elle fait une analyse en vue d’élaborer un type de dictionnaire terminologique bilingue des contrats de commerce international. Par cette recherche nous souhaitons contribuer à une meilleure connaissance de la terminologie juridique en roumain. La Roumanie connaît dernièrement, surtout depuis l’adhésion à l’Union Européenne [le 1er janvier 2007] un réel besoin d’études terminologiques, d’élaboration de dictionnaires et de bases de données dans tous les domaines d’activité nécessitant la traduction et l’interprétariat. La thèse est structurée en trois parties marquant une progression : • le cadre théorique — démontrant la nécessité de délimiter et de dénommer notre champ d’étude ; •le cadre méthodologique — justifiant la nécessité d’une ontologie, d’un classement des concepts permettant de préciser la nature et l’utilisation des termes et leur définition dans notre dictionnaire ; •le cadre des applications — illustrant notre travail par l’élaboration d’un type de dictionnaire bilingue du droit des contrats de commerce international [français-roumain et roumain-français] pouvant répondre aux besoins des spécialistes qui, à des titres divers, œuvrent dans le domaine du commerce international, professionnels du droit et traducteurs liés à ces activitésOur dissertation is a comparative study investigating the main aspects of legal terminology in French and Romanian. In this context, the analysis aims at elaborating a bilingual, French - Romanian, Romanian - French, terminological dictionary of international commercial contracts. With this study we intend to improve the knowledge of legal terminology in Romanian. Romania has been faced lately, particularly since January 1st 2007, when it joined the European Union, with a real need for terminological studies, for dictionaries and data bases in all fields relating to translation and interpreting. The dissertation is structured in three parts marking a progression: •the theoretical framework - illustrating the need to define and delimit our field of study •the methodological framework - justifying the need for an ontology, for a classification of concepts that would enable the clarification of the nature and usage of the terms and their definition in our dictionary •the sphere of applications - illustrating our work by the elaboration of a bilingual, French - Romanian, Romanian - French, terminological dictionary of international commercial contracts, able to meet the needs of specialists working in the field of international trade, law professionals and translators working in these areas
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Pacho, Aljanati Lucía. "The Court of Justice of the European Union’s case law on linguistic divergences (2007-2013): interpretation criteria and implications for the translation of EU legislation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/314190.
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La Unión Europea se distingue especialmente por su ordenamiento jurídico multilingüe que depende de la traducción para su buen funcionamiento. La legislación está disponible en todas las lenguas oficiales y todas las versiones son originales. Puesto que los traductores están incorporados en el procedimiento legislativo, la traducción de la legislación de la UE se debe considerar como parte integrante de la producción del derecho. La concordancia multilingüe, que consiste en expresar el mismo significado en todas las versiones lingüísticas, implica un gran desafío para los traductores que requieren competencias lingüísticas y jurídicas para realizar el trabajo con éxito. La hermenéutica jurídica es una herramienta fundamental para los traductores porque la interpretación y aplicación uniformes de la legislación de la UE son lo que determinan la calidad de la legislación. El Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea recurre a la interpretación multilingüe cuando compara diferentes versiones lingüísticas de un texto para poder interpretar una disposición.
Esta tesis persigue tres objetivos principales. En primer lugar, explicar el papel que desempeña la traducción en el desarrollo y aplicación de la legislación de la UE. En segundo lugar, examinar cómo el TJUE resuelve problemas de divergencias entre diferentes versiones lingüísticas, especialmente, qué métodos de interpretación aplica el TJUE para reconciliar textos divergentes. En tercer lugar, evaluar si las divergencias se deben a problemas de traducción o si son diferencias inevitables entre las diversas versiones lingüísticas. Para atender al segundo y tercer objetivo, el estudio adopta una metodología mixta que combina análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo. Triangulamos los datos para estudiar qué métodos de interpretación son utilizados para qué problemas, los tipos de instrumentos donde aparecen las divergencias, y para evaluar las causas de las divergencias lingüísticas.A distinctive feature of the European Union is that it is a multilingual legal order that relies on translation for its proper functioning. Legislation is available in all official languages and all versions are equally authentic. Since translators are incorporated into the legislative process, translation of EU legislation must be seen as part of lawmaking. Multilingual concordance, i.e. expressing the same meaning in all language versions, poses a big challenge to translators, who need both linguistic and legal competences to succeed in their task. Legal hermeneutics becomes a fundamental tool for translators because uniform interpretation and application of EU legislation are what ultimately determine the quality of translated EU legislation. The Court of Justice of the European Union resorts to multilingual interpretation when comparing different language versions of a text in order to interpret a certain provision. This thesis pursues three main objectives. First, to elaborate on the role that translation has in the development and application of EU legislation. Second, to examine how the CJEU solves problems of divergences between different language versions, namely, how the CJEU applies methods of interpretation to reconcile diverging texts. Third, to assess whether divergences hinge on a translation problem or whether they are inevitable differences between different language versions. To address the second and third objectives, the study adopts a mixed methodology that combines both qualitative and quantitative analysis. We triangulate data in order to study which methods of interpretation are used for which problems, the types of legal instruments where divergences appear, and evaluate the causes for linguistic divergences.
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Orenha, Adriane [UNESP]. "Unidades fraseológicas especializadas: colocações e colocações estendidas em contratos sociais e estatutos sociais traduzidos no modo juramentado e não-juramentado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103524.
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orenha_a_dr_sjrp.pdf: 2083225 bytes, checksum: d8f591d9558b95f175aa9e7d6591f835 (MD5)Esta pesquisa visa realizar um estudo a respeito dos termos, colocações e colocações especializadas estendidas presentes em contratos sociais e estatutos sociais que representam os corpora de pesquisa. Nesta pesquisa, também observaremos as semelhanças e diferenças nos corpora de traduções jurídicas e juramentadas, no que concerne ao uso desses termos e padrões lexicais, assim como apontaremos aqueles que são mais frequentemente empregados em documentos do tipo contrato social e estatuto social. A investigação baseia-se na abordagem interdisciplinar dos Estudos da Tradução Baseados em Corpus, da Linguística de Corpus, da Fraseologia, de modo mais específico das colocações, das colocações especializadas e das unidades fraseológicas especializadas. A Terminologia, por meio de seus pressupostos teóricos, também traz sua contribuição para a pesquisa, assim como os trabalhos sobre a tradução juramentada. Uma das motivações que delineia este estudo reside no fato de a tradução juramentada ser considerada de grande relevância nas relações comerciais, sociais e jurídicas entre as nações. Para realizar este estudo, compilamos um corpus de estudo (CE1) constituído por contratos sociais e estatutos sociais traduzidos no modo juramentado, nas direções tradutórias inglês português e português inglês, extraídos de Livros de Registro de Traduções, pertencentes a tradutores juramentados credenciados pela Junta Comercial de dois Estados brasileiros; e um corpus de estudo (CE2) formado por documentos de mesma natureza traduzidos sem o processo de juramentação, nas mesmas direções tradutórias. Além destes corpora, construímos dois corpora comparáveis, formados pelos referidos documentos originalmente escritos em português e em inglês. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram várias semelhanças, no tocante aos termos empregados em documentos traduzidos...
This investigation aims at carrying out a study on terms, collocations and extended specialized collocations present in articles of incorporation/articles of organization/articles of association and bylaws that represent our research corpora. We will also observe similarities and differences in sworn and legal translation corpora, which concerns the use of such terms and lexical patterns, as well as point out the ones which are more frequently used in the focused documents. This research derives its theoretical and methodological sources from Corpus-Based Translation Studies, Corpus Linguistics, Phraseology, more specifically from collocations, specialized collocations and specialized phraseological units (SPUs). Terminology, from its theoretical standpoint, also offers its contribution to this study, as well as essays on sworn translation. One of the aspects that motivates this study is the fact that sworn translation is considered to be of great relevance to commercial, social and legal relations among nations. To conduct this research, we compiled a study corpus (CE1) composed of articles of incorporation/articles of organization/articles of association and bylaws submitted to the process of sworn translation in the English Portuguese and Portuguese English directions, excerpted from the Books of Sworn Translation Records, made available by five Brazilian sworn translators, duly sworn by the Board of Trade of two Brazilian States; a study corpus (CE2) made up of documents of the same nature not submitted to the process of sworn translation, in the same translation directions. Besides these corpora, we also built two comparable corpora formed by the referred documents originally written in Portuguese and in English. The results obtained in this research showed some similarities which refer to the terms used in documents submitted to the process of sworn translation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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FURFARO, FEDERICA. "Recezione e traduzione della pandettistica in Italia tra otto e novecento. Le note italiane al Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts di B. Windscheid e il contributo di P.E. Bensa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/49810.
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La tesi di dottorato analizza la recezione del modello pandettistico tedesco da parte della cultura giuridica italiana a cavallo tra Otto e Novecento. Particolare attenzione è riservata alle traduzioni italiane delle opere pandettistiche, sviluppatesi soprattutto grazie alla strategia “attualizzante” applicata da Filippo Serafini agli studi romanistici. La tesi include pertanto un repertorio dettagliato delle traduzioni e della manualistica italiana di diritto romano, che si svilupparono come filoni paralleli. Pure le traduzioni acquisirono progressivamente il valore di opere originali, soprattutto grazie all’inserimento di contributi personali dei traduttori italiani in forma di note, come si può notare in particolare nella versione italiana del Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts di Bernhard Windscheid, realizzata da Paolo Emilio Bensa e Carlo Fadda. L’esame delle loro note in tema di interpretazione del diritto italiano, diritti della personalità e condizione giuridica della donna dimostra l’importanza della comparazione giuridica per lo sviluppo della scienza giuridica italiana.This doctoral thesis analyses the influence of German Pandectist model on Italian legal culture between the 19th and 20th centuries. Particular attention is paid to Italian translations of Pandectist literature, whose development was especially due to the “revitalizing” strategy applied to Romanistic studies by Filippo Serafini. Therefore, the thesis includes also a detailed catalogue of Italian translations and original handbooks of Roman law, which developed as parallel literatures. The translations were turned into original works too, thanks to the personal contributions introduced by Italian translators through their notes. This can be seen especially in the Italian version of the Lehrbuch des Pandektenrechts by Bernhard Windscheid, written by Paolo Emilio Bensa and Carlo Fadda. The analysis of their notes on the matters of interpretation of Italian law, individual rights and juridical condition and rights of women shows the importance of legal comparison to the development of Italian legal studies.
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Chraïbi, Sylvie. "La traduction vers l'arabe des textes relatifs aux droits humains : perspectives historiques du 19ème siècle à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030094/document.
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Partant du constat de l‟extrême profusion de textes juridiques et journalistiques relatifs aux droits humains traduits en arabe, nous avons voulu retracer l‟histoire de la traduction de ce genre de textes et mettre en lumière les moments forts de son évolution, aux niveaux terminologique, phraséologique et idéologique. Cette recherche nous a fait remonter jusqu'aux productions d'intellectuels arabes modernistes du XIXème siècle. Nous avons rappelé dans le chapitre 1 les contextes à la fois historiques et discursifs qui ont vu ou fait naître le concept de droits de l'homme puis avons présenté une description détaillée des traductions de 3 textes de référence : les traductions de la Charte constitutionnelle française de 1814 par Rifâ„a Râfi„ al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873), de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen de 1789 (DDHC) par Farah Antûn (1874-1922) et de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme (DUDH) de 1948 par les services de traduction de l‟Onu. Dans le chapitre 2, nous avons cherché à montrer que les textes traduits laissaient toujours transparaître des contradictions ou une certaine concurrence entre, d‟une part, les motivations idéologiques qui président à la rédaction des textes sources et, d‟autre part, les motivations intellectuelles de leurs traducteurs. Toujours dans cette perspective, nous avons étudié, au chapitre 3, trois traductions de textes relatifs au domaine mais de genres différents: un discours politique («A new beginning», Barack Obama), un article spécialisé (Human Rights Watch) et un extrait de rapport (Amnesty International). Nous avons mis en avant la complexité du statut des traducteurs de textes relatifs aux droits humains qui doivent, d‟une part, avoir des connaissances à la fois linguistiques, terminologiques et notionnelles, et, d‟autre part, adopter des stratégies traductives (choix lexicaux et phraséologiques) qui respectent la visée du texte source (politique, militante, informative…)Assessing the extreme profusion of legal and journalistic texts dealing with human rights in Arabic, the aim of this thesis is to retrace the history of those texts‟ translation and to highlight on the most important phasis of its evolution, at terminological, phraseological and ideological levels. This research has made us go back to nineteenth century Arab modernist intellectuals‟ productions. We recalled in Chapter 1 to the both historical and discursive contexts in which the concept of human rights was born. Then, we have presented a detailed description of the translations of three representative texts: the translations of the 1814 French Constitutional Charter by Rifâ„a Râfi „ al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873), of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Human being and the Citizen (DDHC) by Farah Antûn (1874-1922) and of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the United Nations translation services. Chapter 2 demonstrates that the translated texts always denote elements of contradiction or at least some contention between, on the one hand, the ideological motives at the heart of the drafting of the original texts and, on the other hand, the intellectual purposes of the translators. And in such context, Chapter 3 sticks to this point focusing this time on three translations of texts related to the same field but belonging to different genres: a political speech ("A new beginning", Barack Obama), a feature article (Human Rights Watch) and an extract from a survey(Amnesty International). We have highlighted the very complexity inherent to the status of translators of texts dealing with human rights. They, on the one hand, have to be conversant with linguistics, terminological and notional knowledge and, on the other hand, have to keep to traductive strategies (lexical and phraseological choices) in order not to misrepresent the designs of the source text (political, activist, informative ...)