Academic literature on the topic 'Legals status'

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Journal articles on the topic "Legals status"

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Economides, Kim. "Centre-periphery tensions in legal theory and practice: can law and lawyers resist urban imperialism?" International Journal of Rural Law and Policy, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijrlp.i2.2012.3126.

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This paper questions some basic assumptions of legal theory, education and practice from the perspective of rural, remote and regional (RRR) legal communities beyond the metropolis. Legal ideologies and values fundamental to the legitimacy of the modern state, such as the Rule of Law, are embedded in most law curricula and reinforced at every stage of the educational continuum, and commonly assert that law, legal rights and access to courts of law apply equally regardless of physical location or social status. Despite this, indigenous and other excluded groups living in peripheral communities frequently experience law differently from their urban counterparts, as do legal professionals living and working outside the city. The key issue examined concerns how centre-periphery tension should best be managed in the future regulation of law and lawyers. What kind of policies and strategies may genuinely assist social inclusion and to what extent should law and legal practice accommodate diversity? How and to what extent should lawyers and para-legals represent the interests of communities rather than private individuals in RRR areas of Australia? What kind of training and technological support do they require? The paper aims to set out some choices that confront policymakers while drawing upon international experience that may offer some guidance.
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Lubeńczuk, Grzegorz. "Nabycie i utrata statusu prawnego przedsiębiorcy." Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe 21, no. 36 (September 17, 2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/szn.2018.21.36.153.

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Zangna, Esmail Najmadin, and Aso Hamashin AbdulKarim. "Legal Status of the Loaned Public Employee." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 7, no. 2 (December 22, 2019): 430–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10164.

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Norton, Richard. "United States gives legal status to digital signatures." Biometric Technology Today 8, no. 7 (August 2000): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-4765(00)07002-8.

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K, Neetu. "Women’s Status and Legal Rights in Indian Constitution." Contemporary Social Sciences 27, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/27/57470.

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Hébert, L. Camille. "The Legal Status of Bullying in the United States." Revue de droit comparé du travail et de la sécurité sociale, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rdctss.1814.

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Žalimas, Dainius. "Special Theme: International Legal Status of the Baltic States." Baltic Yearbook of International Law Online 1, no. 1 (2001): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221158901x00056.

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RICHARDSON, James T. "Legal Status of Minority Religions in the United States." Social Compass 42, no. 2 (June 1995): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003776895042002008.

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Kruk, Emil. "Legal Status of Animals in Poland." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, no. 3 (September 16, 2021): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.3.119-131.

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The article is of a scientific and research nature and it is aimed primarily at outlining the legal status of animals and to what extent legal regulations governing this status determine the level of humane protection of animals in Poland. To achieve this goal, first of all, the concept of “animal” needed to be made more specific, the principle of dereification discussed and its normative scope outlined, and the characteristics of an animal as a specific tangible good needed to be presented. The need to address the issue is determined primarily by the awareness that the way of human life and human attitude to animals has been changing with the development of civilisation. In any case, the changes that have taken place in this area in recent decades make the title issue topical and conducive to verify previous findings. It is assumed that the research carried out will contribute to the development of an optimal model of legal protection of animals and to the development of legal science. The very dissemination of the results is to raise the social awareness of the legal status of animals, which is one of the conditions of further progress of civilisation.
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PARKSOO-GON. "The Legal Status of autonomous Intelligent Robots." KOOKMIN LAW REVIEW 31, no. 2 (October 2018): 46–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17251/legal.2018.31.2.46.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Legals status"

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Misiūnas, Eimutis. "Legal Status of Police Officers." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100901_090346-02295.

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The thesis addresses legal status of police officers by scrutinizing efficiency of the institution, identifying the key determinants of the efficiency and modeling legal measures that would allow prompt reaction to the unstable environment of the police service. Efficiency of Legal Status is analyzed via assessment of elements of the legal status and classification of those into four correlative segments. The work comprises an eight year evolution of the efficiency, its sociological indexes in police services exercising patrolling of public places, control of traffic safety and protection of secured objects. The thesis evaluates effects of social environment (community) and political and economic factors upon efficiency of legal status in general and, by scrutinizing legal regulation in each segment individually, identifies faults and shortcomings in the efficiency and evaluates readiness of police officers to exercise their functions by comparison of training programs for primary pack police officers in Lithuania, Ireland and Finland. The thesis ends with a range of proposals on legal regulation of individual segments of the legal status that would allow enhancement of efficiency of legal status and on compensatory mechanisms to maintain restored efficiency of legal status. Conclusions of the survey reveal that the legal status of police officers regulated in accordance with positivistic legal theories is inefficient and neither meets demands of police officers nor the needs... [to full text]
Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas policijos pareigūnų teisinis statusas, tiriant šio viešosios teisės instituto veiksmingumą, nustatant ir įvertinant pagrindinius veiksmingumo determinantus ir modeliuojant teisines priemones, leidžiančias greitai reaguoti į kintančias policijos pareigūno veiklos sąlygas. Teisinio statuso veiksmingumas tiriamas vertinant teisinio statuso elementus, klasifikuojamus į keturis tarpusavyje koreliuojančius segmentus. Vertinama veiksmingumo pokyčio dinamika aštuonių metų laikotarpyje ir jo sociologiniai rodikliai policijos tarnybose, vykdančiose viešųjų vietų patruliavimą, eismo kontrolę ir objektų apsaugą. Disertacijoje įvertinama socialinės aplinkos (visuomenės), politinių ir ekonominių veiksnių įtaka teisinio statuso veiksmingumui apskritai ir kiekvienam teisinio statuso segmentui, analizuojamas segmentų teisinis reguliavimas, nustatant jo nepakankamumą ar ydingumą, vertinama policijos pareigūnų parengtis funkcijoms vykdyti, analizuojant ir lyginant Lietuvos Airijos ir Suomijos pirminės grandies policijos pareigūnų mokymo programas. Disertacijoje pateikiami pasiūlymai dėl teisinio statuso segmentų teisinio reguliavimo, sudarančio prielaidas didinti teisinio statuso veiksmingumą, ir dėl kompensacinių mechanizmų, skirtų palaikyti atkurtą statuso veiksmingumą. Tyrimo išvados atskleidžia, jog pagal pozityviosios teisės tradiciją reglamentuojamas ir įgyvendinamas policijos pareigūno teisinis statusas nėra veiksmingas, netenkina nei policijos pareigūnų, nei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Troy, Beth M. "Legally bound a study of women's legal status in the ancient Near East /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1101850402.

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Troy, Beth M. "LEGALLY BOUND: A STUDY OF WOMEN’S LEGAL STATUS IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1101850402.

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Dolan, Corrine, and Bill Mannan. "Legal Status of Wildlife." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146754.

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3 pp.
Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners: Wildlife Unit
The Tips for Arizona's Rural Landowners Fact Sheet Series is intended to educate homeowners who have recently purchased small acreages in Arizona. The purpose of the series is to give homeowners information about living in rural settings. The Wildlife Unit includes fact sheets on wildlife habitat enhancement, the legal status of wildlife, venomous wildlife, wildlife transmitted diseases, aggressive wildlife and pet safety, wildlife-human conflicts, fencing, safe pesticide alternatives, and invasive wildlife.
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Billings, Peter William. "The well-guarded turnstile : a comparative examination and appraisal of asylum status determination systems in four industrialised states." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341590.

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Chiang, Huang-Chih. "The international legal status of Taiwan." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336514.

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Dikigoropoulou, Nasia. "The legal status of sustainable development." Thesis, Swansea University, 2016. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa41151.

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Despite the widespread endorsement and political appeal of sustainable development, its seemingly ambiguous and vague nature has raised considerable controversy as its normative content and legal implications. That sustainable development was to have normative significance was evident since its introduction on the international political agenda by the 1987 World Commission on Environment and Development. The declaratory instruments which were subsequently adopted, and particularly the 1992 Rio Declaration and Agenda 21, have emphasized the need for the progressive development of international law on sustainable development. Despite developments, however, over the past 30 years and the widespread political endorsement of sustainable development by the international community, the legal status of sustainable development remains the subject of debate. Indeed there is little evidence to support a claim that there exists a legal obligation for states to develop sustainably. Nonetheless, it is proposed that, although international law may not strictly require development to be sustainable; there is a procedural obligation on states to adopt the appropriate state conduct and governance processes to strive to make progress towards sustainable development. The treaties and soft law documents which have endorsed sustainable development require states to adopt the necessary means to promote, ensure, contribute to, or work towards the fulfillment of the sustainable development objective. In this respect, its normativity lies not in requiring that a specific end result be fulfilled, but in requiring the adoption of all possible and available means necessary to strive to achieve that result. Its core principles of integration, ecological sustainability and public participation, provide for an identifiable list of measures which may be expected to be implemented by states as part of their efforts to facilitate progress to sustainable development, and against which state conduct may be assessed. Specific tools have been developed to facilitating the implementation of this obligation. The most notable of these is the environmental assessment regime. The environmental assessment process has been interpreted by the European Court of Justice as an instrument for sustainable development in light of its core principles. National case law in Cyprus also indicates that the national court has interpreted the law on environmental impact assessment in a way which recognizes such an obligation.
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Misiūnas, Eimutis. "Policijos pareigūnų teisinis statusas." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100901_090334-86298.

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Disertacijoje nagrinėjamas policijos pareigūnų teisinis statusas, tiriant šio viešosios teisės instituto veiksmingumą, nustatant ir įvertinant pagrindinius veiksmingumo determinantus ir modeliuojant teisines priemones, leidžiančias greitai reaguoti į kintančias policijos pareigūno veiklos sąlygas. Teisinio statuso veiksmingumas tiriamas vertinant teisinio statuso elementus, klasifikuojamus į keturis tarpusavyje koreliuojančius segmentus. Vertinama veiksmingumo pokyčio dinamika aštuonių metų laikotarpyje ir jo sociologiniai rodikliai policijos tarnybose, vykdančiose viešųjų vietų patruliavimą, eismo kontrolę ir objektų apsaugą. Disertacijoje įvertinama socialinės aplinkos (visuomenės), politinių ir ekonominių veiksnių įtaka teisinio statuso veiksmingumui apskritai ir kiekvienam teisinio statuso segmentui, analizuojamas segmentų teisinis reguliavimas, nustatant jo nepakankamumą ar ydingumą, vertinama policijos pareigūnų parengtis funkcijoms vykdyti, analizuojant ir lyginant Lietuvos Airijos ir Suomijos pirminės grandies policijos pareigūnų mokymo programas. Disertacijoje pateikiami pasiūlymai dėl teisinio statuso segmentų teisinio reguliavimo, sudarančio prielaidas didinti teisinio statuso veiksmingumą, ir dėl kompensacinių mechanizmų, skirtų palaikyti atkurtą statuso veiksmingumą. Tyrimo išvados atskleidžia, jog pagal pozityviosios teisės tradiciją reglamentuojamas ir įgyvendinamas policijos pareigūno teisinis statusas nėra veiksmingas, netenkina nei policijos pareigūnų, nei... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The thesis addresses legal status of police officers by scrutinizing efficiency of the institution, identifying the key determinants of the efficiency and modeling legal measures that would allow prompt reaction to the unstable environment of the police service. Efficiency of Legal Status is analyzed via assessment of elements of the legal status and classification of those into four correlative segments. The work comprises an eight year evolution of the efficiency, its sociological indexes in police services exercising patrolling of public places, control of traffic safety and protection of secured objects. The thesis evaluates effects of social environment (community) and political and economic factors upon efficiency of legal status in general and, by scrutinizing legal regulation in each segment individually, identifies faults and shortcomings in the efficiency and evaluates readiness of police officers to exercise their functions by comparison of training programs for primary pack police officers in Lithuania, Ireland and Finland. The thesis ends with a range of proposals on legal regulation of individual segments of the legal status that would allow enhancement of efficiency of legal status and on compensatory mechanisms to maintain restored efficiency of legal status. Conclusions of the survey reveal that the legal status of police officers regulated in accordance with positivistic legal theories is inefficient and neither meets demands of police officers nor the needs... [to full text]
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Hosseinzadeh, Namdar. "The legal status of the Caspian Sea." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1090.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
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Quinn, Simon R. "Bank credit and legal status in Moroccan manufacturing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:999e2006-bd8e-4902-9bd9-3c0d08f41e46.

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Moroccan manufacturing firms generally choose to incorporate under one of two legal forms: ‘Société Anonyme’ (SA) and ‘Société À Responsibilité Limitée’ (SARL). This thesis is about that choice and its consequence for firms’ access to bank overdraft facilities. In 2001, Morocco made a radical change to its company law regime: it replaced a company law dating from 19th-century France with modern standards of corporate governance and accountability. In Chapter One, I use the two-period FACS/ICA panel to analyse that reform and to evaluate its impact upon manufacturing firms’ access to bank credit. I find that the reform induced a substantial share of SA firms to switch to SARL, and that — relative to firms remaining in the SA status — this caused a significant and substantial withdrawal of bank overdraft facilities. In Chapter Two, I develop a theoretical model in which an agent signals its continuous type by using a variable that may take one of only two values (a ‘binary signal’); this is intended to represent a firm’s choice of legal status. I show that this binary signal provides only ‘coarse information’, and I consider the consequences of this coarseness; I solve for equilibrium conditions and I consider both the role of a principal’s risk aversion and the role of other observable agent characteristics (‘indices’). Chapter Three uses the results of Chapter Two to develop a new structural methodology for the separate identification of information and incentive effects. I apply the method to the data used in Chapter One, on the subset of firms having an overdraft facility in both survey periods (approximately two-thirds of the total sample). I find that, among that limited sample, there is no relevant information asymmetry. I estimate the potential welfare loss and conclude that, in the 95% confidence region of potential information effects and incentive effects, the maximum median welfare loss from information asymmetry is equivalent to approximately only 3% of the median bank overdraft limit. For the sample of firms having an overdraft facility in both survey periods, this challenges the common narrative that information asymmetry is an important reason for bank credit market failure.
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Books on the topic "Legals status"

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Chinese Temporary Protected Status Act of 1989: Report (to accompany H.R. 2929) (including cost estimate of the Congressional Budget Office). [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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Jüdische Autonomie in der frühen Neuzeit: Recht und Gemeinschaft im deutschen Judentum. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2008.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Lords. A bill (with the amendments) for establishing a court of civil jurisdiction in the island of Newfoundland, for a time to be limited. [London: s.n., 2005.

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The changing legal status of political parties in the United States. New York: Garland, 1986.

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Vidova, Milanka. Legal status of Bulgarian women. Sofia: Sofia Press, 1987.

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Architects--legal status, laws, etc. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1985.

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C, Wood M., ed. The legal status of Berlin. Cambridge: Grotius Publications Ltd., 1987.

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Tony, Lyons, ed. The writer's legal guide. 2nd ed. New York: Allworth Press, 1998.

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Tony, Lyons, ed. The writer's legal guide. New York: Allworth Press, 1997.

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Butler, J. Keith. Trucker's legal guide. Little Rock, Ark: Arkansas Motor Carriers Association, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Legals status"

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Cohn, Ellen S., and Susan O. White. "Offender Status." In Legal Socialization, 135–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3378-7_9.

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Ervin, R. Terry, Stephen Demarais, and David A. Osborn. "Legal Status of Exotic Deer Throughout the United States." In The Biology of Deer, 244–52. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2782-3_59.

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Frömming, Karl-Heinz, and József Szejtli. "Legal Status of Cyclodextrins." In Topics in Inclusion Science, 217–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8277-3_10.

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Atak, Idil, and François Crépeau. "Legal status and vulnerabilities." In Global Labour and the Migrant Premium, 10–17. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in liberty and security: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429467387-2.

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Rowbotham, Mark. "Fiscal and legal status." In Freeports and Free Zones, 27–40. London: Informa Law from Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003232025-5.

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Geis, Gilbert. "Legal Status of Abortion." In Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2926–37. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_306.

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Bourne, Judith, and Caroline Derry. "Women’s evolving legal status." In Gender and the Law, 42–63. New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315271477-3.

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Costi, Alberto, and Nathan Jon Ross. "The Ongoing Legal Status of Low-Lying States in the Climate-Changed Future." In Small States in a Legal World, 101–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39366-7_6.

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Abeyratne, Ruwantissa. "The Legal Status of ICAO." In Legal Priorities in Air Transport, 13–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18391-2_2.

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Woleński, Jan. "Present Status of Legal Philosophy." In Kazimierz Opałek Selected Papers in Legal Philosophy, 137–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9257-4_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Legals status"

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Polo, Felipe Maia, Itamar Ciochetti, and Emerson Bertolo. "Predicting legal proceedings status." In ICAIL '21: Eighteenth International Conference for Artificial Intelligence and Law. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3462757.3466138.

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Bulbeniuk, Svitlana, Vira Haponenko, and Yurii Maneliuk. "Evolution of Constitutional Norms in Post-Soviet States: Democratic Procedure or Approval of Quo Status?" In International Conference on Social Science, Psychology and Legal Regulation (SPL 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211218.011.

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Khasanova, A. R. "The legal status of teachers." In Научные тенденции: Педагогика и психология. ЦНК МОАН, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-04-12-2018-05.

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Primorac, Željka. "COVID - 19 AS A “SIGNIFICANT CIRCUMSTANCE” FOR RISK ASSESSMENT IN LIFE INSURANCE (IN AND AFTER THE PANDEMIC)." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18311.

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The data on the health status of a policyholder represent a significant circumstance for risk assessment and concluding a life insurance contract, and are also legally relevant circumstances for exercising the rights from that contract. The author starts from a theoretical analysis of the perception of data on the health status of policyholders as personal data, comparing the right to confidentiality of such data with the duty to report them (before concluding a life insurance contract) in terms of reporting all circumstances relevant to the insurance risk assessment. In order to properly fulfil the obligation of pre-contractual nature, the paper analyses the legal norms governing this issue and also provides a comparative overview of the Croatian and German insurance legislation with special emphasis on the scope of health data that the insurer is authorised to require, the clarity of legal standards and legal insurance norms contained in the insurance questionnaires and the life insurance offer. Presenting the importance of COVID-19 infection and possible chronic consequences for human health, the author indicates the extent to which COVID-19 infection (mild or severe form of disease, possible need for hospital treatment) will have an impact on the design of new insurance questionnaires and the relevance of genetic testing results in the context of concluding future life insurance contracts.
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"LEGAL STATUS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2020.03-2-556/560.

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Bogolyubov, Sergey. "Status of Comparative Ecological Legal Researches." In II public readings "Actual problems of comparative jurisprudence". Infra-M Academic Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1031.17.

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Михнева, Светлана Владимировна, and Роман Александрович Баташан. "LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AN INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEUR AND HIS LEGAL STATUS." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Январь 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt195.2022.27.89.008.

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В статье рассматриваются понятие и особенности правового статуса индивидуального предпринимателя в РФ с учетом положений действующего законодательства. Обоснован вывод о том, что правовые требования к индивидуальному предпринимателю являются необходимой предпосылкой его правового статуса, то есть возможности заниматься предпринимательской деятельностью, обладать комплексом прав и обязанностей и реализовать их в практике. The article discusses the concept and features of the legal status of an individual entrepreneur in the Russian Federation, taking into account the provisions of current legislation. The conclusion is substantiated that the legal requirements for an individual entrepreneur are a necessary prerequisite for his legal status, that is, the ability to engage in entrepreneurial activity, have a set of rights and obligations and implement them in practice.
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Mihova-Georgieva, Anna. "LEGAL STATUS OF THE OFFICIALLY APPOINTED LIQUIDATOR." In THE LAW AND THE BUSINESS IN THE CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 2020. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/lbcs2020.158.

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The Report aims to consider the figure of the liquidator, officially appointed by the Official Registrar at the Trade register by the Registry agency, as well as to describe in which cases and under which conditions such appointment it is necessary.
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Dominguez, Edgar J. Young. "Legal Status And Regulation Of Crypto-Assets." In International Scientific Conference. European Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2022.06.120.

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Vodenicharov, Asen. "THE MANAGEMENT ORGAN IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE EUROPEAN STRUCTURES FOR BUSINESS ASSOCIATION." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.2020.129.

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Council Regulation (EC) No 2157/2001 of 8 October 2001 on the Statute for a European company (SE) and Council Regulation (EC) No 1435/2003 of 22 July 2003 on the Statute for a European Cooperative Society (SCE), as well as other community acts, govern the legal status of the management organ with two-tier architecture of European structures for business association. In this paper, it is concluded that the management organ shall be responsible for managing the appropriate organizational and legal entities. Therefore, it can carry out day-to-day management of the organization according to the decisions of the general assembly and the supervisory authority. It is stated that assigning day-to-day operational management to the CEOs, members of the management organ, can be defined as transferring certain aspects of their power, while keeping their right of making final decisions. The collective character of the considered authority, carrying out its duties on the principle of collegiality, raises a line of questions, which are considered in this paper. Subjects of study are also the horizontal and vertical relationships of the management organ, considering the representative power, as well as the different types of responsibilities. The discussed problems are in a relatively legal aspect of the legal regulations of the Member States.
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Reports on the topic "Legals status"

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Funk, Kellen, and Lincoln Mullen. Legal Modernism. Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31835/legalmodernism.

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Mastrobuoni, Giovanni, and Paolo Pinotti. Legal Status and the Criminal Activity of Immigrants. W.E. Upjohn Institute, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp14-212.

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Bray, T. An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles. RFC Editor, February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc7725.

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Kusiak, Chris, Mark D. Bowman, and Arun Prakash. Legal and Permit Loads Evaluation for Indiana Bridges. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317267.

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According to federal law, routine commercial vehicles must adhere to certain limits on their load configuration in order to operate legally on interstate highways. However, states may allow for heavier or different load configurations provided that bridges on the state and county highway system are load rated and, if necessary, posted with vehicles that appropriately represent these loads. The state of Indiana allows several classes of vehicles to operate with loads that exceed federal limits, and, presently, several LFD design loads are used to represent these exceptions as state legal loads. This study evaluates the MBE rating loads for their ability to encompass Indiana’s exception vehicles and recommends a set of state rating loads which can replace the current state legal loads and, combined with the MBE rating loads, satisfactorily encompass the load effects due to these exceptions. Comparing moment and shear envelopes on a representative set of bridges, the MBE rating vehicles were found to be insufficient for representing Indiana’s exception vehicles. Three new rating loads are proposed which encompass the exception vehicles efficiently and represent realistic legal loads. Conversely, acceptable HS-20 rating factors are also provided as an alternative to the adoption of these new vehicles. These rating factors, all 1.0 or greater, can ensure a similar level of safety by requiring a specific amount of excess capacity for the HS-20 design load.
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.

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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.
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Goswami, Amlanjyoti, Sudeshna Mitra, Deepika Jha, Kaye Lushington, and Sahil Sasidharan. Land Records Modernisation in India: An Institutional, Legal & Policy Review. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195489305.

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This work provides an institutional, legal and policy review of crucial aspects of land records modernisation systems at the national level. Introducing property records and patterns of ownership in India, it provides an overview of various central government schemes promoting land records modernisation. It discusses the systemic and legal characteristics of land records and the proposed shift to conclusive land titling system, drawing attention to issues of tenure and property rights, especially in the urban and peri-urban context. Presenting multiple case studies on ongoing modernisation initiatives in some of the study states, the volumes also looks at the roles of multiple institutional stakeholders and the interfaces between them. Operational challenges faced in this transition to technology have also been discussed, in an attempt to bring out an overall picture of crucial issues and best practices across state-level diversities. The objective is to highlight the possibility of multiple trajectories and look at ways in which states can learn from each other by sharing experiences, while simultaneously acknowledging that there are certain issues that are typical of a particular state and must be resolved via deeper engagement with the local terrain.
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Lewis, Dustin, ed. Database of States’ Statements (August 2011–October 2016) concerning Use of Force in relation to Syria. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/ekmb4241.

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Many see armed conflict in Syria as a flashpoint for international law. The situation raises numerous unsettling questions, not least concerning normative foundations of the contemporary collective-security and human-security systems, including the following: Amid recurring reports of attacks directed against civilian populations and hospitals with seeming impunity, what loss of legitimacy might law suffer? May—and should—states forcibly intervene to prevent (more) chemical-weapons attacks? If the government of Syria is considered unwilling or unable to obviate terrorist threats from spilling over its borders into other countries, may another state forcibly intervene to protect itself (and others), even without Syria’s consent and without an express authorization of the U.N. Security Council? What began in Daraa in 2011 as protests escalated into armed conflict. Today, armed conflict in Syria implicates a multitude of people, organizations, states, and entities. Some are obvious, such as the civilian population, the government, and organized armed groups (including designated terrorist organizations, for example the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, or ISIS). Other implicated actors might be less obvious. They include dozens of third states that have intervened or otherwise acted in relation to armed conflict in Syria; numerous intergovernmental bodies; diverse domestic, foreign, and international courts; and seemingly innumerable NGOs. Over time, different states have adopted wide-ranging and diverse approaches to undertaking measures (or not) concerning armed conflict in Syria, whether in relation to the government, one or more armed opposition groups, or the civilian population. Especially since mid-2014, a growing number of states have undertaken military operations directed against ISIS in Syria. For at least a year-and-a-half, Russia has bolstered military strategies of the Syrian government. At least one state (the United States) has directed an operation against a Syrian military base. And, more broadly, many states provide (other) forms of support or assistance to the government of Syria, to armed opposition groups, or to the civilian population. Against that backdrop, the Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict (HLS PILAC) set out to collect states’ statements made from August 2011 through November 2016 concerning use of force in relation to Syria. A primary aim of the database is to provide a comparatively broad set of reliable resources regarding states’ perspectives, with a focus on legal parameters. A premise underlying the database is that through careful documentation of diverse approaches, we can better understand those perspectives. The intended audience of the database is legal practitioners. The database is composed of statements made on behalf of states and/or by state officials. For the most part, the database focuses on statements regarding legal parameters concerning use of force in relation to Syria. HLS PILAC does not pass judgment on whether each statement is necessarily legally salient for purposes of international law. Nor does HLS PILAC seek to determine whether a particular statement may be understood as an expression of opinio juris or an act of state practice (though it might be).
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Barsky, Robert. The Legal Responsibilities of the United States Towards Asylum Seekers. Center for Migration Studies, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14240/cmsesy120418.

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Bevelander, Pieter, and Henrik Emilsson. One size fits all? : Integration approaches for beneficiaries of international protection. Malmö university, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178771745.

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This thematic paper deals with integration policies concerning persons who aregranted international protection in EU Member States. It acknowledges that there are two general trends in integration policies - a civic turn and a local turn. The civic turn implies more integration requirements for migrants, decided upon by the state, that have an impact on the legal status of migrant newcomers. On the other hand, the local turn implies less national involvement with cities instead handling more of the integration policies, including funding and policy measures. The paper then describes four different models for the integration of beneficiaries of international protection: a national government-led model, a project based/multilevel governance model, a laissez-faire model, and a NGO-led model.
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Elnour Abdelkarim, Zeinab. Assessing Sudan's Electoral Legal Framework. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2022.18.

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Assessing Sudanʼs Electoral Legal Framework provides an in-depth insight and analysis of Sudanʼs current legal framework for elections. It measures Sudanʼs legal electoral framework against a common international understanding of the principles, norms and obligations that define credible and democratic elections. The objective of this analysis is not to criticize or pass judgement on the countryʼs existing electoral processes; instead, it offers an unbiased assessment of how Sudanʼs existing electoral laws and country context create an enabling or disabling environment for free and fair elections. It provides comprehensive and constructive recommendations to strengthen existing legislation and improve fairness, uniformity, reliability, consistency and professionalism in Sudanʼs future elections. This Report also assesses the status of core democratic principles and freedoms that provide the foundation for credible elections and highlights any restrictions on these fundamental rights and liberties that could interfere with the countryʼs upcoming elections or delay its political transition. It calls upon the transitional government to protect citizensʼ rights and liberties and prevent abuses that may influence public trust, fairness, and openness of electoral and other transitional processes. Lastly, this Report discusses political, socio-economic, and legal issues impacting Sudanʼs roadmap to democratic transition before the October 2021 military coup.
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