Academic literature on the topic 'Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead'
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Journal articles on the topic "Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead"
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COOK, HARUKO TAYA, and THEODORE F. COOK. "A lost war in living memory: Japan’s Second World War." European Review 11, no. 4 (October 2003): 573–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798703000498.
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We examine the strata of memory in Japan’s recollections of the wartime experience and explore the shaping and releasing of memory in Japan, seeking to penetrate and recover individual Japanese experience. Individual memories that seemed tightly contained, when released were told with great emotional intensity and authenticity. That there has been little public discourse does not mean that individual Japanese have forgotten that war, but that the conflict – a war with no generally accepted name or firmly fixed start or end – seems disconnected from the private memories of the wartime generation. Japan was defeated thoroughly and completely, and in the history of memory we see no well-established narrative form for telling the tale of the defeated. In Japan's public memory of the war, War itself is often the enemy, and the Japanese its victims. Such a view is ahistorical and unsatisfactory to nations and peoples throughout Asia and the Pacific. The prevailing myths during Japan's war, developed and fostered over 15 years of conflict, and the overwhelming weight of more than three million war dead on the memories of the living forged a link between a desire to honour and cherish those lost and the ways the war is recalled in the public sphere. Enforced and encouraged by government policies and private associations, protecting the dead has become a means of avoiding a full discussion of the war. The memorials and monuments to the Dead that have been created throughout Japan, Asia, and the Pacific stand silent sentry to a Legend of the war. This must be challenged by the release into the public sphere of living memories of the War in all their ambiguity, complexity, and contradiction without which Japan’s Memory can have no historical veracity. Moreover, the memories of the Second World War of other peoples can never be complete without Japan’s story.
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Lowenstein, Adam. "Living Dead: Fearful Attractions of Film." Representations 110, no. 1 (2010): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2010.110.1.105.
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This essay analyzes the relationship between fear and film by exploring the theoretical concept of "attractions" and its value for a historical understanding of three seminal American horror films directed by George A. Romero: Night of the Living Dead (1968), Land of the Dead (2005), and Diary of the Dead (2008). All three films belong to the same "Living Dead" series, so the essay focuses especially on their shared temporal relations to historical trauma through issues of deferral, belatedness, and retranscription.
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Klass, Dennis. "Continuing Bonds, Society, and Human Experience: Family Dead, Hostile Dead, Political Dead." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 70, no. 1 (November 2014): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.70.1.i.
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In most times and places, the focus of continuing bonds is on the well-being and activity of the dead that are linked to the well-being and activity of the living. In this article we describe continuing bonds across cultures by focusing on the dead. Three relationships between the living and the dead organize our thinking. First, the family dead in which living and dead offer help to each other. Second, the hostile dead that threaten the well being of the living. Third, the political dead in which the living enlisting the dead in political conflicts, and the dead motivate the living to battle on their behalf. Shifting the focus this way allows us to see that continuing bonds play important roles in larger narratives as well as in individual and family narratives.
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Gordon, Stephen. "The Three Living and the Three Dead in theHoraeof Galiot de Genouillac (Rylands Latin MS 38)." Source: Notes in the History of Art 37, no. 2 (January 2018): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/697230.
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Pugh, Evan T., and Eric E. Small. "The impact of beetle-induced conifer death on stand-scale canopy snow interception." Hydrology Research 44, no. 4 (January 16, 2013): 644–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.097.
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Bark beetles have killed more than 100,000 km2 of pine forest in western North America, causing trees to lose the majority of their canopy material and potentially leading to enhanced subcanopy snow accumulation. Over a 45-day period, we tested this hypothesis by measuring daily snow accumulation in three living and two dead lodgepole pine stands and in three adjacent clearings. The largest clearing was selected as our reference clearing based on previous studies. At maximum pre-melt snow water equivalent (SWE), this clearing had accumulated 50.4-cm SWE, while 45.6-cm SWE accumulated under dead stands and 38.1-cm SWE accumulated under living stands. Dead stand snowpacks were both denser and deeper than those in living stands. We attribute higher subcanopy accumulation under dead stands, compared to living stands, to diminished canopy snow interception and sublimation. Storm-scale canopy interception was also estimated by comparing SWE in forests and clearings before and after storm events. Over 10 storms, dead and living stands intercepted 18 and 41% of snowfall, respectively. The amount of interception increased linearly with storm size in the living stands, but not dead stands. We estimate more than half of snow falling on living stands sublimated, with measurably less sublimation in dead stands.
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JULIANA, JONATHON, and DENCY FLENNY GAWIN. "Foraging Behaviour of Three Sympatric Babblers (Family: Timaliidae)." Trends in Undergraduate Research 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): a26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.2138.2020.
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We investigated the foraging ecology of three species of babblers in Kampung Gumbang, Kampung Padang Pan and Dered Krian National Park, Bau. Vegetation in Kampung Gumbang include tall trees, shrubs and patches of kerangas. Dered Kerian National Park consists of mixed dipterocarp forest and limestone forest, which is surrounded by orchards and few villages. In Kampung Padang Pan, the vegetation is a mixed fruit orchard and secondary forest. Foraging data were obtained to compare foraging behaviour in three species. From 133 observations, suspended dead leaves was the most frequently used substrate by the three species. Stachyris maculate showed the most general foraging behavior, and it adopted probing strategy. Cyanoderma erythropterum and Mixnornis gularis obtained food items by gleaning. These three babblers utilize different foraging strategies and substrates, irrespective of their resemblances in other characteristics. C. erythropterum and S. maculate forage mainly among dead and curled, twisted leaves in understory vegetation at significantly different heights. M. gularis forages on dead and living leaves and this species can be found abundantly in disturbed forest and plantation or farm habitats. All the three areas were observed never lacked falling leaves and structural complexity required as foraging substrates by those three babbler species. All three babblers occupy different foraging niches, and therefore interspecific competitions among themselves are minimized.
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Bernard, John M., and Karel Fiala. "Distribution and Standing Crop of Living and Dead Roots in Three Wetland Carex Species." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 113, no. 1 (January 1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2996226.
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Roberts, Pamela. "The Living and the Dead: Community in the Virtual Cemetery." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 49, no. 1 (August 2004): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/d41t-yfnn-109k-wr4c.
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Rheingold (1993) and others have described the potential for increased connectedness and community in cyberspace, but critics have charged that the Web increases social isolation rather than fostering interpersonal relationships. The present article explores how creating and visiting Web memorials (activities that initially appear isolating) affect the bereaved. Data from three studies on Web memorialization (descriptions of Web memorials, guestbook entries, and a survey of Web memorial authors) are used to examine three aspects of bereavement community: continuing bonds with the dead, strengthening existing relationships among the living, and creating new communities of the bereaved in cyberspace. Analysis suggests that rather than serving as a poor substitute for traditional bereavement activities, Web memorialization is a valued addition, allowing the bereaved to enhance their relationship with the dead and to increase and deepen their connections with others who have suffered a loss.
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Thibaut, Bernard. "Three-dimensional printing, muscles, and skeleton: mechanical functions of living wood." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 14 (April 8, 2019): 3453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz153.
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AbstractWood is well defined as an engineering material. However, living wood in the tree is often regarded only as a passive skeleton consisting of a sophisticated pipe system for the ascent of sap and a tree-like structure made of a complex material to resist external forces. There are two other active key roles of living wood in the field of biomechanics: (i) additive manufacturing of the whole structure by cell division and expansion, and (ii) a ‘muscle’ function of living fibres or tracheids generating forces at the sapwood periphery. The living skeleton representing most of the sapwood is a mere accumulation of dead tracheids and libriform fibres after their programmed cell death. It keeps a record of the two active roles of living wood in its structure, chemical composition, and state of residual stresses. Models and field experiments define four biomechanical traits based on stem geometry and parameters of wood properties resulting from additive manufacturing and force generation. Geometric parameters resulting from primary and secondary growth play the larger role. Passive wood properties are only secondary parameters, while dissymmetric force generation is key for movement, posture control, and tree reshaping after accidents.
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Pidvalna, Uliana, and Lesya Mateshuk-Vatseba. "Mortui vivos docent [The dead teach the living]." Journal of Morphological Sciences 36, no. 04 (December 2019): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698377.
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AbstractMedical museums are a record of the history of the medical thought processes. The Anatomical museum of the Department of Normal Anatomy located in the Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University was founded in 1894 by Professor Henryk Kadyi (1851–1912). The museum includes a number of unique objects and displays > 2,000 specimens. These medical artifacts include both normal anatomy and malformed artifacts. The museum is divided into three sections that are arranged according to the systems of the body and a method of preparing specimens. The vast array of preserved specimens represents comparative, developmental, gender, systemic, dynamic, plastic, and descriptive anatomy. Besides the Anatomical museum, the historical treasure is the Anatomical Theater, the oldest auditorium at the Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University that preserved its authenticity. These educational places teach us not only about morphology, but also help us appreciate the beauty of the human body.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead"
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Livermore, Christian. "Revenants from the Church to literature." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7914.
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Factual accounts of revenants – the risen dead – seized the medieval imagination in the early eleventh century, and were recorded by serious historians and ecclesiastics as true. They then began to appear in secular imaginative literature and art, growing progressively more elaborate and frightening throughout the Middle Ages whilst retaining many of the religious overtones expressed overtly in the ecclesiastic tales. By the early modern and modern period, the tales were removed from any overt religious context and were told as purely imaginative literature. The academic half of this thesis explores the influence on the tales of the Christian doctrine of resurrection and the cult of the body of Christ and of the saints, then traces the migration of those tales into imaginative literature from the Middle Ages to the present. It identifies key motifs from the medieval chronicles and imaginative literature that continue to appear in modern stories, and explores the extent to which Christian eschatology altered perceptions of the dead and why, in an increasingly secular context, fascination with such tales continued into modern literature, what part fear of death played throughout this period, and how that fear was expressed, first in an ecclesiastical context, then in imaginative literature through horror stories. The creative half of my thesis is a literary fiction novel updating a medieval revenant tale, the Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead, to twenty-first century New England.
Books on the topic "Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead"
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Sandeno, Robin M. The Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead: The development of the macabre in late medieval England. 1997.
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Glancy, Mark. Cary Grant, the Making of a Hollywood Legend. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190053130.001.0001.
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Archie Leach was a poorly educated, working-class boy from a troubled family living in the backstreets of Bristol. Cary Grant was Hollywood’s most debonair film star—the embodiment of worldly sophistication. Cary Grant: The Making of a Hollywood Legend tells the incredible story of how the sad, neglected boy became the suave, glamorous star. The first biography to be based on Grant’s own personal papers, the book takes the reader on a fascinating journey from his difficult childhood through years of struggle in music hall and vaudeville, a hit-and-miss career in Broadway musicals, and three decades of film stardom during Hollywood’s golden age. For the first time, the bitter realities of Grant’s impoverished childhood are revealed, including his mother’s mental illness and his expulsion from school at the age of fourteen. New light is shed on his trailblazing path as a film star who defied the studio system and took control of his own career. His genius as an actor and a filmmaker is highlighted through identifying the crucial contributions he made to classic films such as Bringing Up Baby (1938), The Philadelphia Story (1940), Notorious (1946), An Affair to Remember (1957), North by Northwest (1959), Charade (1963) and Father Goose (1964). His own search for happiness and fulfilment, which led him to having his first child at the age of sixty-two and embarking on his fifth marriage at the age of seventy-seven—is explored with new candor and insight. Cary Grant: The Making of a Hollywood Legend is the definitive account of the professional and personal life of an unforgettable star.
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Slipinski, Adam, and Hermes Escalona. Australian Longhorn Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Volume 2. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486304592.
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Longhorn Beetles — Cerambycidae are one of the most easily recognised groups of beetles, a family that worldwide encompasses over 33 000 species in 5200 genera. With over 1400 species classified in 300 genera, this is the sixth largest among 117 beetle families in Australia.
These beetles often attack and kill living forest or orchard trees and develop in construction timber (like the European House borer, introduced to WA), causing serious damage. Virtually all Cerambycidae feed on living or dead plant tissues and play a significant role in all terrestrial environments where plants are found. Larvae often utilise damaged or dead trees for their development, and through feeding on rotten wood form an important element of the saproxylic fauna, speeding energy circulation in these habitats. Many species are listed as quarantine pests because of their destructive role to the timber industry.
This second of three volumes on Australian Longhorn Beetles covers the taxonomy of genera of the Cerambycinae, with comments on natural history and morphology. One hundred and forty-two Cerambycinae genera are diagnosed and described, an illustrated key to their identification is provided, and images illustrate representatives of genera and of actual type specimens. A full listing of all Australian species with synonymies and bibliographic citations is also included.
Recipient of a 2017 Whitley Awards Certificate of Commendation for Taxonomic Zoology
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Papanikolaou, Aristotle, and George E. Demacopoulos, eds. Fundamentalism or Tradition. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823285792.001.0001.
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Tradition, secularization and fundamentalism—all three categories are contested, yet in their contestation, they shape our sensibilities and are mutually implicated, the one with the others. The discussion around the mutually implicated meanings of the “secular” and “fundamentalism” bring to the foreground more than ever, and in a way unprecedented in the pre-modern context, the question of what it means to think and live as Tradition. The Orthodox theologians of the twentieth century, in particular, have always emphasized Tradition not as a dead letter but as a living presence of the Holy Spirit. But how can we discern when Tradition as living discernment is not fundamentalism? And what does it mean to think as a Tradition and live in Tradition when surrounded by something like the “secular”? The essays in this volume continue both the interrogation of the categories of the “secular” and “fundamentalism,” all the while either implicitly or explicitly exploring ways of thinking about tradition in relation to these interrogations. In this interrogation, however, one witnesses a consensus that whatever the secular or fundamentalism may mean, it is not Tradition, which is historical, particularistic, in motion, ambiguous and pluralistic, while simultaneously not being relativistic. If the wider debates about the secular and fundamentalism seem interminable and often frustrating, perhaps the real contribution of those discussions is a clearer sense of what it means to live and think like—to be as Tradition.
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Sugden, Edward. Emergent Worlds. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479899692.001.0001.
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Emergent Worlds reframes the modernity of nineteenth-century America by displacing three central critical narratives about the era: the westward spread of imperialism, the redemptionist story of black freedom, and the notion that the United States constituted a new world. It begins by identifying dissonant forms of time that ought not to have existed if these three metanarratives were total: chance on a Pacific whaling vessel, a calm on a Caribbean slave ship, and a near apocalypse on an Atlantic merchant ship. These oceanic times provide a gateway into larger historical and geographical frames. They reveal that nineteenth-century America existed in historical interstices in the world-system: between colonialism and the nation, slavery and freedom, subject and citizen, old world and new. With this historical repositioning, Emergent Worlds makes visible a series of transitional ideologies and figures that emblematize them, such as the queer migrant, the suspended state, and the living dead, which are passed over if the modernity of the era is assumed. Such configurations in turn produced symptomatic forms of consciousness oriented around the perception of time. These four domains—oceanic space, transitional historical position, emergent ideology, and dissonant time—created the conditions of possibility for three previously uncataloged genres of the 1850s: the Pacific elegy, the black counterfactual, and the immigrant gothic. Emergent Worlds thus carries out a generic reclassification that brings together this international mix of canonical and noncanonical books of the 1850s, showing how they internalized and attempted to transcend their own historical conditions of possibility.
Book chapters on the topic "Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead"
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"3. Commemorating Power in the Legend of the Three Living and Three Dead." In Imago Mortis, 109–44. BRILL, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004245815_005.
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Dickens, Charles. "Chapter Forty-Three Esther’s Narrative." In Bleak House. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536313.003.0044.
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It matters little now, how much I thought of my living mother who had told me evermore to consider her dead. I could not venture to approach her, or to communicate with her in writing, for my sense of the peril in which her...
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"13. Three Words for the Dead and the Living (after Charlie Hebdo)." In Secularism and Cosmopolitanism, 141–48. Columbia University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/bali16860-015.
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Martin, Bridget. "Conclusion: The Alcestis effect." In Harmful Interaction between the Living and the Dead in Greek Tragedy, 185–90. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621501.003.0007.
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The conclusion reframes the nature of the dead in Greek tragedy by examining their characteristics as presented individually by the three tragedians Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides. Through this reframing, it emerges that, while each of the tragedians privileges certain characteristics of the dead, there is sufficient overlap to answer the question at the heart of the book: Can the living and dead harm each other in tragedy? As concluded, the living harm the dead by denying honour and observance through degradative and mutilative acts that result in a cross-world punishment of dishonour/social exclusion or demotion in the Underworld and rejection from living societal memory. The dead, in turn, can and do harm the living, primarily through the use of agents, which is effective but inevitably dilutes their responsibility.
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Kralik, Christine. "2. Death Is Not the End: The Encounter of the Three Living and the Three Dead in the Berlin Hours of Mary of Burgundy and Maximilian I." In The Ends of the Body. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442661387-005.
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Marcus, Laura. "First World War Film and the Face of Death." In The First World War. British Academy, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266267.003.0006.
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Central to a number of films made during or about the First World War is a thinned relationship between the living and the dead. The Battle of the Somme (1916) depicts a moment in which, from a row of soldiers going over the top, two slip back, shot. Their dying, or death, occurs between frames, an aperture through which the viewer may glimpse another dimension. J’Accuse (1919, 1938) employs soon-to-die soldiers as extras in a sequence in which the dead return. The result is a fantastical crossing between living and dead. In Pour la Paix du Monde (1926), soldiers whose faces have been maimed by war injuries are seen first in close-up, their mutilations covered by silken masks. Then they tear the masks off, allowing the viewer to see the war in its ‘true colours’. Affording the viewer these glimpses of the after-life, all three films create imaginative warps in space-time.
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Hölscher, Tonio. "Representation." In Visual Power in Ancient Greece and Rome, 253–98. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294936.003.0006.
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Regarding the role of images in social life, three fundamental categories are to be distinguished: representation, decor, and objects of discourses. Representation was a major aim, because ancient societies consisted not only of their living members but also of two other social groups, their dead ancestors and their gods and heroes. Community life developed in interactions, through rituals and other cultural practices, between these social partners, of which those that were, in fact, absent could be made present by images within the society’s living spaces. Specific groups of images, such as cult statues, votive images, athletes’ statues, and honorary portraits, had their specific places, in sanctuaries, public spaces, and necropolises, where they were dealt with according to specific rules of “living with images.”
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"Introduction: Being as Tradition." In Fundamentalism or Tradition, edited by Aristotle Papanikolaou and George E. Demacopoulos, 1–18. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823285792.003.0001.
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Tradition, secularization and fundamentalism—all three categories are contested, yet in their contestation, they shape our sensibilities and are mutually implicated, the one with the others. The discussion around the mutually implicated meanings of the “secular” and “fundamentalism” bring to the foreground more than ever, and in a way unprecedented in the pre-modern context, the question of what it means to think and live as Tradition. The Orthodox theologians of the twentieth century, in particular, have always emphasized Tradition not as a dead letter but as a living presence of the Holy Spirit. But how can we discern when Tradition as living discernment is not fundamentalism? And what does it mean to think as a Tradition and live in Tradition when surrounded by something like the “secular”?
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"Indigenous Anatomies." In Andean Ontologies, edited by María Cecilia Lozada, 99–116. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056371.003.0004.
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As bioarchaeologists who deal directly with the human body, we often neglect emic understandings of the body that are important to interpreting the worldview of indigenous populations. In this paper, Andean notions of the body are presented using indigenous terminology in an effort to highlight dramatic differences in body concept interpretation. Furthermore, three bioarchaeological Andean case studies will be presented to illustrate perceptions of the age and wellness in different archaeological contexts. It is suggested that highly contextualized and multidisciplinary research questions need to be developed in an effort to interpret emic social and cultural dimensions of the living and dead body and mortuary practices.
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Furlow, Christopher M. "What Is Behavior?" In Handbook of Behavioral Interventions in Schools, 1–13. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190843229.003.0001.
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Prior to implementing interventions, practitioners must first develop definitions of behavior that are objective. This chapter first provides a definition of behavior and provides three criteria for determining whether something is a behavior: it is demonstrated by a living organism, in interaction with the environment, and the interaction results in measurable change within the environment. Next, the chapter outlines how practitioners should develop operational definitions of behaviors of interest. Then, the chapter provides a description of the dead man’s test, a heuristic that practitioners often utilize when determining if something qualifies as a behavior suitable for intervention. Finally, the chapter describes the meaningful operant dimensions of behavior, such as frequency, duration, latency, and magnitude.
Conference papers on the topic "Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead"
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Habib, Md Ahasan, and Bashir Khoda. "A Rheological Study of Bio-Ink: Shear Stress and Cell Viability." In ASME 2021 16th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2021-63996.
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Abstract 3D bio-printing is an emerging technology to fabricate tissue scaffold in-vitro through the controlled allocation of biomaterial and cell, which can mimic the in-vivo counterpart of living tissue. Live cells are often encapsulated into the biomaterials (i.e., bio-ink) and extruded by controlling the printing parameters. The functionality of the bioink depends upon three factors: (a) printability, (b) shape fidelity, and (c) bio-compatibility. Increasing viscosity will improve the printability and the shape fidelity; but will require higher applied extrusion pressure, which is detrimental to the living cell dwelling in the bio-ink, which is often ignored in bio-ink optimization process. In this paper, we demonstrate a roadmap to develop and characterize bio-inks ensuring the printability, shape fidelity, and cell survivability, simultaneously. The pressure exerted on the bio-ink during extrusion processes is measured analytically and the information is incorporated in the rheology design of the bio-ink. Cell-laden filament is fabricated with Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK 293) cell and analyzed the cell viability. The overall cell viability of the filament fabricated with 8 psi and 12 psi is 90% and 74% respectively. Additionally, a crossectional live-dead assay of the printed filament with HEK 293 cell is performed which demonstrates the spatial pattern that matches our findings as well.
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Ibarra-Prieto, Maria-Fernanda, Jose-Manuel Luna, Abel Hernandez-Guerrero, and Jose-Luis Luviano-Ortiz. "Thermal Recovery of Cutaneous Neoplasm During Cryosurgery." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52816.
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Cryotherapy, also called cryosurgery, cryoablation or targeted cryoablation therapy, is a minimum invasive treatment that uses extreme cold temperatures to freeze and destroy damage tissue, like tumors or cancer cells. During cryotherapy, a refrigerant as liquid nitrogen or argon gas is forced to flow inside a probe. This probe is similar to a needle and it is called cryoprobe. Once the refrigerant is inside this cryoprobe the temperature decreases below zero Celsius in a given time, creating an intense cold that contacts the diseased tissue. Physicians use image guidance techniques to monitor the cryoprobe, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To destroy diseased tissue located outside the body, liquid nitrogen is applied directly to the infected zone with a cotton swab or spray. For tumors located below the skin surface and depth in the body, the medical image guidance to insert one or more cryoprobes is used. Living tissue, whether healthy or sick, cannot tolerate extremely low temperatures. For this reason cryotherapy involves a series of steps leading to cell death. Tumors are repeatedly frozen and thaw, typically two freeze – thaw cycles are used. Once the cells have been destroyed, white blood cells of the immune system remove dead tissue. The present work is a 3D simulation. The skin is modeled with a regular geometry, divided into three layers: epidermis, thinner and superficial part of the skin; dermis, 40 times thicker than the epidermis (also this layer has a thermoregulatory function because of the blood flow, which also contributes to vasoconstriction and vasodilatation of the skin), and finally the last layer is the hypodermis or subcutaneous fat layer (which mainly stores fat). For a transient analysis of this three layers of the skin, the bio-heat transfer equation of Pennes is used, since it contains terms that involve energy released during metabolism, blood perfusion, body core temperature and certain physical properties such as density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, latent heat of phase change and heat capacity ratio. The malignant tumor, melanoma, is modeled as an irregular symmetric geometry. Three different melanoma Clark levels are analyzed, Clark II, III and IV. Each level is analyzed with three size variations. These levels are chosen because most people who are diagnosed with melanoma have Clark II level. Clark V level was not considered because when melanoma reaches subcutaneous cellular tissue the metastasis process begins. In this work a thermal recovery analysis of the skin during certain periods of time in the freezing-thaw cycles is carried out. Each of this time periods vary according to the type of refrigerant, liquid nitrogen or argon gas. The analysis contemplates the phase change suffered by the skin.
Reports on the topic "Legend of the Three Living and the Three Dead"
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Kvalbein, Astrid. Wood or blood? Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.481278.
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Wood or Blood? New scores and new sounds for voice and clarinet Astrid Kvalbein and Gjertrud Pedersen, Norwegian Academy of Music What is this thing called a score, and how do we relate to it as performers, in order to realize a musical work? This is the fundamental question of this exposition. As a duo we have related to scores in a variety of ways over the years: from the traditional reading and interpreting of sheet music of works by distant (some dead) composers, to learning new works in dialogue with living composers and to taking part in the creative processes from the commissioning of a work to its premiere and beyond. This reflective practice has triggered many questions: could the score for instance be conceptualized as a contract, in which some elements are negotiable and others are not? Where two equal parts, the performer(s) and the composer might have qualitatively different assignments on how to realize the music? Finally: might reflecting on such questions influence our interpretative practices? To shed light on these issues, we take as examples three works from our recent repertoire: Ragnhild Berstad’s Vevtråd (Weaving thread, 2010), Jan Martin Smørdal’s The Lesser Nighthawk (2012) and Lene Grenager’s Tre eller blod (Wood or blood, 2005). We will share – attempt to unfold – some of the experiences gained from working with this music, in close collaboration and dialogue with the composers. Observing the processes from a certain temporal distance, we see how our attitudes as a duo has developed over a longer span of time, into a more confident 'we'.