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1
COOK, HARUKO TAYA, and THEODORE F. COOK. "A lost war in living memory: Japan’s Second World War." European Review 11, no. 4 (October 2003): 573–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798703000498.
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We examine the strata of memory in Japan’s recollections of the wartime experience and explore the shaping and releasing of memory in Japan, seeking to penetrate and recover individual Japanese experience. Individual memories that seemed tightly contained, when released were told with great emotional intensity and authenticity. That there has been little public discourse does not mean that individual Japanese have forgotten that war, but that the conflict – a war with no generally accepted name or firmly fixed start or end – seems disconnected from the private memories of the wartime generation. Japan was defeated thoroughly and completely, and in the history of memory we see no well-established narrative form for telling the tale of the defeated. In Japan's public memory of the war, War itself is often the enemy, and the Japanese its victims. Such a view is ahistorical and unsatisfactory to nations and peoples throughout Asia and the Pacific. The prevailing myths during Japan's war, developed and fostered over 15 years of conflict, and the overwhelming weight of more than three million war dead on the memories of the living forged a link between a desire to honour and cherish those lost and the ways the war is recalled in the public sphere. Enforced and encouraged by government policies and private associations, protecting the dead has become a means of avoiding a full discussion of the war. The memorials and monuments to the Dead that have been created throughout Japan, Asia, and the Pacific stand silent sentry to a Legend of the war. This must be challenged by the release into the public sphere of living memories of the War in all their ambiguity, complexity, and contradiction without which Japan’s Memory can have no historical veracity. Moreover, the memories of the Second World War of other peoples can never be complete without Japan’s story.
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Lowenstein, Adam. "Living Dead: Fearful Attractions of Film." Representations 110, no. 1 (2010): 105–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2010.110.1.105.
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This essay analyzes the relationship between fear and film by exploring the theoretical concept of "attractions" and its value for a historical understanding of three seminal American horror films directed by George A. Romero: Night of the Living Dead (1968), Land of the Dead (2005), and Diary of the Dead (2008). All three films belong to the same "Living Dead" series, so the essay focuses especially on their shared temporal relations to historical trauma through issues of deferral, belatedness, and retranscription.
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Klass, Dennis. "Continuing Bonds, Society, and Human Experience: Family Dead, Hostile Dead, Political Dead." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 70, no. 1 (November 2014): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/om.70.1.i.
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In most times and places, the focus of continuing bonds is on the well-being and activity of the dead that are linked to the well-being and activity of the living. In this article we describe continuing bonds across cultures by focusing on the dead. Three relationships between the living and the dead organize our thinking. First, the family dead in which living and dead offer help to each other. Second, the hostile dead that threaten the well being of the living. Third, the political dead in which the living enlisting the dead in political conflicts, and the dead motivate the living to battle on their behalf. Shifting the focus this way allows us to see that continuing bonds play important roles in larger narratives as well as in individual and family narratives.
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Gordon, Stephen. "The Three Living and the Three Dead in theHoraeof Galiot de Genouillac (Rylands Latin MS 38)." Source: Notes in the History of Art 37, no. 2 (January 2018): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/697230.
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Pugh, Evan T., and Eric E. Small. "The impact of beetle-induced conifer death on stand-scale canopy snow interception." Hydrology Research 44, no. 4 (January 16, 2013): 644–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.097.
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Bark beetles have killed more than 100,000 km2 of pine forest in western North America, causing trees to lose the majority of their canopy material and potentially leading to enhanced subcanopy snow accumulation. Over a 45-day period, we tested this hypothesis by measuring daily snow accumulation in three living and two dead lodgepole pine stands and in three adjacent clearings. The largest clearing was selected as our reference clearing based on previous studies. At maximum pre-melt snow water equivalent (SWE), this clearing had accumulated 50.4-cm SWE, while 45.6-cm SWE accumulated under dead stands and 38.1-cm SWE accumulated under living stands. Dead stand snowpacks were both denser and deeper than those in living stands. We attribute higher subcanopy accumulation under dead stands, compared to living stands, to diminished canopy snow interception and sublimation. Storm-scale canopy interception was also estimated by comparing SWE in forests and clearings before and after storm events. Over 10 storms, dead and living stands intercepted 18 and 41% of snowfall, respectively. The amount of interception increased linearly with storm size in the living stands, but not dead stands. We estimate more than half of snow falling on living stands sublimated, with measurably less sublimation in dead stands.
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JULIANA, JONATHON, and DENCY FLENNY GAWIN. "Foraging Behaviour of Three Sympatric Babblers (Family: Timaliidae)." Trends in Undergraduate Research 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): a26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.2138.2020.
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We investigated the foraging ecology of three species of babblers in Kampung Gumbang, Kampung Padang Pan and Dered Krian National Park, Bau. Vegetation in Kampung Gumbang include tall trees, shrubs and patches of kerangas. Dered Kerian National Park consists of mixed dipterocarp forest and limestone forest, which is surrounded by orchards and few villages. In Kampung Padang Pan, the vegetation is a mixed fruit orchard and secondary forest. Foraging data were obtained to compare foraging behaviour in three species. From 133 observations, suspended dead leaves was the most frequently used substrate by the three species. Stachyris maculate showed the most general foraging behavior, and it adopted probing strategy. Cyanoderma erythropterum and Mixnornis gularis obtained food items by gleaning. These three babblers utilize different foraging strategies and substrates, irrespective of their resemblances in other characteristics. C. erythropterum and S. maculate forage mainly among dead and curled, twisted leaves in understory vegetation at significantly different heights. M. gularis forages on dead and living leaves and this species can be found abundantly in disturbed forest and plantation or farm habitats. All the three areas were observed never lacked falling leaves and structural complexity required as foraging substrates by those three babbler species. All three babblers occupy different foraging niches, and therefore interspecific competitions among themselves are minimized.
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Bernard, John M., and Karel Fiala. "Distribution and Standing Crop of Living and Dead Roots in Three Wetland Carex Species." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 113, no. 1 (January 1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2996226.
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Roberts, Pamela. "The Living and the Dead: Community in the Virtual Cemetery." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 49, no. 1 (August 2004): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/d41t-yfnn-109k-wr4c.
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Rheingold (1993) and others have described the potential for increased connectedness and community in cyberspace, but critics have charged that the Web increases social isolation rather than fostering interpersonal relationships. The present article explores how creating and visiting Web memorials (activities that initially appear isolating) affect the bereaved. Data from three studies on Web memorialization (descriptions of Web memorials, guestbook entries, and a survey of Web memorial authors) are used to examine three aspects of bereavement community: continuing bonds with the dead, strengthening existing relationships among the living, and creating new communities of the bereaved in cyberspace. Analysis suggests that rather than serving as a poor substitute for traditional bereavement activities, Web memorialization is a valued addition, allowing the bereaved to enhance their relationship with the dead and to increase and deepen their connections with others who have suffered a loss.
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Thibaut, Bernard. "Three-dimensional printing, muscles, and skeleton: mechanical functions of living wood." Journal of Experimental Botany 70, no. 14 (April 8, 2019): 3453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz153.
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AbstractWood is well defined as an engineering material. However, living wood in the tree is often regarded only as a passive skeleton consisting of a sophisticated pipe system for the ascent of sap and a tree-like structure made of a complex material to resist external forces. There are two other active key roles of living wood in the field of biomechanics: (i) additive manufacturing of the whole structure by cell division and expansion, and (ii) a ‘muscle’ function of living fibres or tracheids generating forces at the sapwood periphery. The living skeleton representing most of the sapwood is a mere accumulation of dead tracheids and libriform fibres after their programmed cell death. It keeps a record of the two active roles of living wood in its structure, chemical composition, and state of residual stresses. Models and field experiments define four biomechanical traits based on stem geometry and parameters of wood properties resulting from additive manufacturing and force generation. Geometric parameters resulting from primary and secondary growth play the larger role. Passive wood properties are only secondary parameters, while dissymmetric force generation is key for movement, posture control, and tree reshaping after accidents.
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Pidvalna, Uliana, and Lesya Mateshuk-Vatseba. "Mortui vivos docent [The dead teach the living]." Journal of Morphological Sciences 36, no. 04 (December 2019): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698377.
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AbstractMedical museums are a record of the history of the medical thought processes. The Anatomical museum of the Department of Normal Anatomy located in the Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University was founded in 1894 by Professor Henryk Kadyi (1851–1912). The museum includes a number of unique objects and displays > 2,000 specimens. These medical artifacts include both normal anatomy and malformed artifacts. The museum is divided into three sections that are arranged according to the systems of the body and a method of preparing specimens. The vast array of preserved specimens represents comparative, developmental, gender, systemic, dynamic, plastic, and descriptive anatomy. Besides the Anatomical museum, the historical treasure is the Anatomical Theater, the oldest auditorium at the Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University that preserved its authenticity. These educational places teach us not only about morphology, but also help us appreciate the beauty of the human body.
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Laugrand, Frédéric, Antoine Laugrand, Jazil Tamang, and Gliseria Magapin. "Exchanges with the Dead." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 176, no. 4 (November 6, 2020): 475–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-bja10017.
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Abstract The Ibaloy, an indigenous group of the Cordillera Central in the Philippines, perform complex burial rites. Often when someone falls ill, they also exhume human remains, a practice that has not received the attention it deserves in a cosmology where animism and analogism are intertwined. Here, we describe a variant of the késheng ja waray batbat ritual observed in 2017, the timeline of its sequences, and the many objects and acts it involves. This ritual is key to the exchanges that the living make with the dead. In it, pigs act more as ‘connectors’ than as sacrificial offerings, and their flesh, blood, and karashowa (soul) are used and shared. This three-day ritual questions death as the end of life, and sheds light on the extent to which Hertz’s ‘second funeral’ concept is useful in understanding the relationships between the living and the dead. It also illuminates how the dead need continuous help from the living and vice versa. Both groups strive to reach a state of diteng (well-being, healthiness) which can be reached only after the dead themselves experience it, thanks to the efforts of the living who take care of their remains and make offerings to them. Then, luck and prosperity can be expected from the dead. These exchanges appear to be necessary to live a good life, and they must be repeated and maintained at all cost.
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Pip, Eva. "Differential attrition of molluscan shells in freshwater sediments." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-007.
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Mean seasonal species composition of living molluscan communities was compared with the composition of current dead assemblages in the sediments of three sites located in the Delta Marsh of southern Lake Manitoba. Dead shells were more numerous in vegetated than in bare areas, resulting primarily from the affinities of living molluscs for vegetated areas. Redistribution patterns of empty shells were not significantly different for vegetated and bare areas, as judged from distributions of passively transported land shells in the sediments. Significant differences were observed at all sites between species frequencies in living and corresponding dead assemblages averaged for the season. Proportions of living to dead individuals per unit bottom area indicated higher attrition rates with increasing energy conditions as well as with increasing shell size. Differential attrition may result in overrepresentation of small species in fossil assemblages.
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Abderrahman, Balkees. "Early career interview: Balkees Abderrahman." Future Science OA 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): FSO445. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/fsoa-2019-0145.
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Balkees Abderrahman is the Dallas/Ft Worth Living Legend Fellow of Cancer Research at MD Anderson Cancer Center (TX, USA) and split-site PhD candidate under Model ‘Individuals of Very High Quality’ at the University of Leeds (UK), where she studies cancer. She was one of three finalists of the 2019 Future Science Future Star Award. Here, she tells us about her career to-date.
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Garrard-Burnett, Virginia. "Living with Ghosts." Latin American Perspectives 42, no. 3 (February 24, 2015): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x15570881.
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Although more than three decades have passed since Guatemala’s 36-year-long civil war, bereavement and posttraumatic stress continue to affect many survivors of that dark era, especially since it is only now that a few of the most infamous perpetrators of the violence have recently, if briefly, been brought to justice. The Maya were especially severely affected by the massacres and disappearances of the armed conflict. Because the ongoing relationship between the dead and the living that Maya value requires that the deceased receive proper burial, the exhumation and reburial of war dead have had cathartic effects for the survivors and have actively contributed to the construction of historical memory. Aunque han pasado más de tres décadas desde la guerra civil de 36 años en Guatemala, la aflicción por la pérdida de seres queridos y el estrés post traumático continúan afectando a muchos sobrevivientes de esa era oscura, especialmente porque es sólo hasta hace poco que algunos de los más infames autores de la violencia han sido llevados ante los trbunales aunque sólo brevemente. Los mayas especialmente fueron gravemente afectados por las masacres y las desapariciones del conflicto armado. Ya que la relación existente entre los muertos y los vivos que los mayas valoran requiere que los muertos reciban una digna sepultura, la exhumación y el nuevo entierro de los muertos en la guerra han tenido efectos catárticos en los sobrevivientes y han contribuido activamente a construir la memoria histórica.
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Poole, C. A., N. H. Brookes, and G. M. Clover. "Keratocyte networks visualised in the living cornea using vital dyes." Journal of Cell Science 106, no. 2 (October 1, 1993): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.106.2.685.
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Fluorescent viability probes have been used to visualise and investigate the viability, morphology and organisation of the keratocyte within the stroma of the intact living cornea. The live cell probe, calcien-AM, in combination with a dead cell probe, ethidium homodimer (Live/Dead Assay, Molecular Probes, U.S.A.) proved superior to earlier generation vital dyes such as fluorescein diacetate or 5,6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, initially used in combination with ethidium bromide. The ubiquitous distribution of esterase enzymes that cleave calcien-AM within the keratocyte cytoplasm produced a high concentration of fluorescently active calcein throughout the cell, including fine cell processes. Epi-illuminated fluorescence microscopy on transparent corneal dissections subsequently revealed details of keratocyte microanatomy and three-dimensional network organisation in situ. Three morphologically discrete subpopulations of keratocytes were identified: two formed relatively small bands of cells, immediately subjacent to either Bowman's or Descemet's membranes, the third subpopulation constituting the majority of keratocytes typically located within the corneal stroma. The results indicate that calcein-AM is able to penetrate intact living cornea revealing cell viability, and it also has the capacity to ‘trace’ cellular elements and reveal fine structure within a dense connective tissue matrix.
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Moffat, Chris. "Politics and the Work of the Dead in Modern India." Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, no. 1 (January 2018): 178–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417517000457.
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AbstractThis article provides a framework for understanding the continuing political potential of the anticolonial dead in twenty-first-century India. It demonstrates how scholars might move beyond histories of reception to interrogate the force of inheritance in contemporary political life. Rather than the willful conjuring of the dead by the living, for a politics in the present, it considers the more provocative possibility that the dead might themselves conjure politics—calling the living to account, inciting them to action. To explicate the prospects for such an approach, the article traces the contested afterlives of martyred Indian revolutionary Bhagat Singh (1907–1931), comparing three divergent political projects in which this iconic anticolonial hero is greeted as interlocutor in a struggle caught “halfway.” It is this temporal experience of “unfinished business”—of a revolution left incomplete, a freedom not yet perfected—that conditions Bhagat Singh's appearance as a contemporary in the political disputes of the present, whether they are on the Hindu nationalist right, the Maoist student left, or amidst the smoldering remains of Khalistani separatism in twenty-first-century Punjab. Exploring these three variant instances in which living communities affirm Bhagat Singh's stake in the struggles of the present, the article provides insight into the long-term legacies of revolutionary violence in India and the relationship between politics and the public life of history in the postcolonial world more generally.
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Kadir, Sorkel A., and Ed L. Proebsting. "Dead Prunus Flower-bud Primordia Retain Deep-supercooling Properties." HortScience 28, no. 8 (August 1993): 831–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.8.831.
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Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to measure deep supercooling in flower buds of Prunus dulcis Mill., P. armeniaca L., P. davidiana (Carr.) Franch, P. persica (L.) Batsch, three sweet cherry (P. avium L.) selections, and `Bing' cherries (P. avium L.) during Winter 1990-91 and 1991-92. Low temperatures in Dec. 1990 killed many flower buds. After the freeze, dead flower primordia continued to produce low-temperature exotherms (LTEs) at temperatures near those of living primordia for >2 weeks. In Feb. 1992, cherry buds that had been killed by cooling to -33C again produced LTEs when refrozen the next day. As buds swelled, the median LTE (LTE50) of dead buds increased relative to that of living buds, and the number of dead buds that produced LTEs decreased. LTE artifacts from dead flower priimordia must be recognized when DTA is used to estimate LTE50 of field-collected samples.
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Mims, C. W., E. S. Luttrell, and S. C. Alderman. "Ultrastructure of the haustorium of the peanut late leaf spot fungus Cercosporidium personatum." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 1198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-155.
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Data from scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations support light microscopic reports of the production of haustoria by the hemibiotrophic fungus Cercosporidium personatum. The trunklike base of the haustorium extended a short distance into the host cell where it formed three to five slightly thinner primary branches. These branches terminated in multiple, smaller, mostly opposite branch tips that gave the end of the haustorium a coralloid appearance. The morphology of this haustorium was distinctly different from the more extensively studied haustoria of various biotrophic fungi. Haustoria of C. personatum were observed in both living and dead host cells. In living cells an extrahaustorial matrix and extrahaustorial membrane separated the haustorium wall from the host cell protoplast. In dead cells the extrahaustorial membrane was absent. Haustoria in dead cells remained intact and appeared healthy.
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Knapp, Keith Nathaniel. "The Meaning of Birds on Hunping (Spirit Jars)." Asian Studies 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2019.7.2.153-172.
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More than 200 heavily decorated jars with five mouths, which are commonly known as hunping and date from the second to the early fourth centuries, have been excavated from tombs in Jiangnan. Remarkably, each of these vessels is unique in appearance. One of their most notable features is that they are adorned with figures of many animals. Of these, the most numerous are birds. This paper endeavours to discover why artisans put so many birds on these vessels. Although many analysts believe the birds are the souls of the departed flying to the heavens, that does not explain why there are so many. This paper contends that the answer lies in local Jiangnan legends and beliefs, in which sparrows stole rice from Heaven and introduced its cultivation to humans. Birds thereby were seen as grain and fertility gods and thus emblems of good fortune for both the dead and the living.
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Lewis-Williams, J. David. "Three nineteenth-century Southern African San myths: a study in meaning." Africa 88, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017000602.
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AbstractIndigenous significances of nineteenth-century |Xam San folktales are hard to determine from narrative structure alone. When verbatim, original-language records are available, meaning can be elicited by probing beneath the narrative and exploring the connotations of highly significant words and phrases that imply meanings and associations that narrators take for granted but that nonetheless contextualize the tales. Analyses of this kind show that three selected |Xam tales deal with a form of spiritual conflict that has social implications. Like numerous |Xam myths, these tales concern conflict between people and living or dead malevolent shamans. Using their supernatural potency, benign shamans transcend the levels of the San cosmos in order to deal with social conflict and to protect material resources. As a result, benign shamans enjoy a measure of respect that sets them apart from ordinary people.
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Pollmann, Judith. "OF LIVING LEGENDS AND AUTHENTIC TALES: HOW TO GET REMEMBERED IN EARLY MODERN EUROPE." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (November 19, 2013): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440113000054.
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ABSTRACTFolklore experts have shown that for a legend to be remembered it is important that it is historicised. Focusing on three case-studies from early modern Germany and the Netherlands, this article explores how the historicisation of mythical narratives operated in early modern Europe, and argues that memory practices played a crucial role in the interplay between myth and history. The application of new criteria for historical evidence did not result in the decline of myths. By declaring such stories mythical, and by using the existence of memory practices as evidence for this, scholars could continue to take them seriously.
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Hassan, Gabriela S. "On the benefits of being redundant: low compositional fidelity of diatom death assemblages does not hamper the preservation of environmental gradients in shallow lakes." Paleobiology 41, no. 1 (January 2015): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2014.10.
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AbstractComparisons between death assemblages and their source living communities are among the most common actualistic methods of evaluating the preservation of compositional and environmental information in fossil assemblages. Although live-dead studies have commonly focused on marine mollusks, the potential of diatoms to preserve ecological information in continental settings has been overlooked. Thus, little is known about the nature and magnitude of the taphonomic biases affecting live-dead agreement of diatom assemblages, despite their extensive application as modern and fossil bioindicators in paleoecological and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. In this study, I analyzed three live-dead data sets in order to evaluate the compositional and environmental fidelity exhibited by diatom death assemblages in shallow lakes. I find that diatom death assemblages (DAs) do differ significantly in their taxonomic composition from living assemblages (LAs), mainly as a consequence of (1) differences in the temporal resolution between time-averaged DAs and non-averaged LAs, and (2) differential preservation of diatom taxa related to the intrinsic properties of their valves. Despite compositional dissimilarities, DAs were able to capture the same environmental gradients as LAs, with high significance. This decoupling between live-dead agreement in community composition and community response to gradients can be related to the existence of at least two mutually exclusive subsets of species that significantly captured compositional dissimilarities based on the full set of the species in the three lakes. This functional redundancy implies that the between-sample relationships of living assemblages can be significantly preserved by DAs even if some taxa are removed by taphonomic processes. The preservation of environmental gradients thus does not require good preservation of all living taxa. Structural redundancy compensates for the loss of compositional fidelity caused by postmortem processes in the diatom data set.
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Castignetti, Paul. "A Time-Series Study of Foraminiferal Assemblages of the Plym Estuary, South-West England." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, no. 3 (August 1996): 569–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400031283.
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Monthly samples retrieved from the previously unstudied Plym Estuary, from January 1994 to November 1994, were analysed for living and dead Foraminifera. An assemblage composed of three hyaline species; Haynesina germanica, Elphidium williamsoni and Ammonia beccarii var. batavus, was identified. Further samples were taken to assess depth distribution, microdistribution and lateral distribution, to compliment the original sample suite. A comparison of the dead assemblage to the live assemblage revealed similar species proportions in both assemblages, reduced test abundance in the dead assemblage, and the presence of rare estuarine and marine species in the dead assemblage. This study has revealed a complex interplay of species resulting in several foraminiferal blooms throughout the year; the largest occurring in May.
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O'Neill, Mary. "Speaking to the dead: Images of the dead in contemporary art." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 15, no. 3 (May 2011): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459310397978.
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In this article I explore works by three artists in which we can see images that relate to bereavement. In the work of the first two, Araya Rasdjarmrearnsook and Andres Serrano, we can see photographic images (still and moving) of human corpses, which have been criticized as morbid and unhealthy. However I argue that it is not in fact images of death or the dead that are problematic but those images which present or evoke evidence of the emotions associated with death, and create a situation where we imagine the circumstances of our own deaths or the death of those we love. Images of the dead are acceptable as long as they do not cause pain to the living, as in a video game fantasy or a fiction, or are seen as other and distant. In the second group of works, by Gustgav Metzger, The Absent Dead: The Surrogate Body, the body is not present either because the death has taken place at a distance, either in time or geographically, or both, and a new site must be created. In this section, I discuss Metzger’s auto-destructive art and argue that these works, through their ephemerality, embody a form of ‘meaning making’ and a possibility of the benefits of grief as described by Parkes.
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Bhuiya, Abbas, and Golam Mostafa. "Levels and differentials in weight, height and Body Mass Index among mothers in a rural area of Bangladesh." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 1 (January 1993): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020265.
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SummaryThis study examined the variation in weight, height and body mass index of 1048 mothers living in a rural area of Bangladesh in relation to age, education, number of previous pregnancies, number of dead children, religion, family type, family size, and amount of land owned by the household. Multiple regression analysis revealed a positive relationship of education with all three variables. Moslem mothers were on average in better condition than Hindus. The number of dead children showed a negative relationship with height, weight and body mass index.
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Whitney, R. D. "Root rot damage in naturally regenerated stands of spruce and balsam fir in Ontario." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-045.
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In an 11-year study in northern Ontario, root rot damage was heaviest in balsam fir, intermediate in black spruce, and least in white spruce. As a result of root rot, 16, 11, and 6%, respectively, of dominant or codominant trees of the three species were killed or experienced premature windfall. Butt rot, which resulted from the upward extension of root rot into the boles of living trees, led to a scaled cull of 17, 12, and 10%, respectively, of gross merchantable volume of the remaining living trees in the three species. The total volume of wood lost to rot was, therefore, 33, 23, and 16%, respectively. Of 1108 living dominant and codominant balsam fir, 1243 black spruce, and 501 white spruce in 165 stands, 87, 68, and 63%, respectively, exhibited some degree of advanced root decay. Losses resulting from root rot increased with tree age. Significant amounts of root decay and stain (>30% of root volume) first occurred at 60 years of age in balsam fir and 80 years in black spruce and white spruce. For the three species together, the proportion of trees that were dead and windfallen as a result of root rot increased from an average of 3% at 41–50 years to 13% at 71–80 years and 26% at 101–110 years. The root rot index, based on the number of dead and windfallen trees and estimated loss of merchantable volume, also increased, from an average of 17 at 41–50 years to 40 at 71–80 years and 53 at 101–110 years. Death and windfall of balsam fir and black spruce were more common in northwestern Ontario than in northeastern Ontario. Damage to balsam fir was greater in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence Forest region than in the Boreal Forest region. In all three tree species, the degree of root rot (decay and stain) was highly correlated with the number of dead and windfallen trees, stand age, and root decay at ground level (as a percentage of basal area) for a 10-tree sample.
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Hanukai, Maksim. "Resurrection by Surrogation: Spectral Performance in Putin's Russia." Slavic Review 79, no. 4 (2020): 800–824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2021.6.
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This article examines the emergence of what I call “spectral performance” in Putin's Russia. Focusing on the Immortal Regiment initiative, I investigate the growing importance of practices that ask the living to act as surrogates for the dead. My analysis proceeds in three stages. First, applying a memory studies frame, I show how the Regiment helps preserve memory of WWII in a time of significant generational change. Second, drawing on theories of political theology and biopolitics, I show how the Regiment reaffirms the Kremlin's sovereign power to regulate the boundaries between life and death while symbolically displacing sovereignty from the “flesh” of the people to a growing ranks of “immortals.” Finally, focusing on the question of representation, I show how the Regiment helps construct an oppressive distribution of the sensible that privileges the dead over the living. I conclude by examining St. Petersburg artist Maksim Evstropov's necro-activist project Party of the Dead as a cultural critique of the Regiment.
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Jozef, Minďaš, Bartík Martin, Škvareninová Jana, and Repiský Richard. "Functional effects of forest ecosystems on water cycle – Slovakia case study." Journal of Forest Science 64, No. 8 (September 10, 2018): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/46/2018-jfs.
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The paper presents the results from three different experimental plots in mountain areas in Slovakia. Annual interception losses varied in mature forest stand in Poľana Mts. (850 m a.s.l.) in mixtured (spruce, fir, beech) from 10.6 to 23.5%, in spruce from 20.5 to 35.5% and in beech forest from 8.8 to 26.9%. Horizontal precipitation reduces long-term average of interception loss by 3.2% (mixtured and spruce) and 2.9% for beech forest. Decline process in supramontane spruce forest has significant influence on interception process in climax spruce stand in Červenec. Mean biweekly interception loss in the central crown zone near the stem during growing seasons was 76.9% in living and 69.2% in dead forest. In the gap canopy interception loss was observed 11.7% in living and 17.9% in dead forest, in the dripping zone under the crown periphery 11.1% in living and 25.7% in dead forest. Results from the experimental catchment Lomnistá dolina showed that forest ecosystems increase the variability of rainfall amounts infiltrated to the soil environment in mountain watersheds, interception loss varied in a wide range: from 42 up to –10% due to altitudinal influence, tree species composition, stand age, and horizontal precipitation occurence.
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Hotz, Mary Elizabeth. "DOWN AMONG THE DEAD: EDWIN CHADWICK’S BURIAL REFORM DISCOURSE IN MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY ENGLAND." Victorian Literature and Culture 29, no. 1 (March 2001): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150301291025.
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IN 1839, G. A. WALKER, a London surgeon, published Gatherings from Graveyards, Particularly Those in London. Three years later Parliament appointed a House of Commons select committee to investigate “the evils arising from the interment of bodies” in large towns and to consider legislation to resolve the problem.1 Walker’s study opens with a comprehensive history of the modes of interment among all nations, showing the wisdom of ancient practices that removed the dead from the confines of the living. The second portion of the book describes the pathological state of forty-three metropolitan graveyards in an effort to convince the public of the need for legislative interference by the government to prohibit burials in the vicinity of the living.2 Walker’s important work attracted the attention of Parliament and social reformers because of his comprehensive representation of the problem of graveyards, especially among the poor districts of London; his rudimentary statistics that, in effect, isolated them from the rest of the society; and his unbending insistence that national legislators solve the problem. These three impulses influenced the way Edwin Chadwick, secretary to the New Poor Law Commission from 1834 to 1842 and commissioner for the Board of Health from 1848 to 1852, identified and represented the problem of corpses and graveyards in his A Supplementary Report on the Results of a Special Inquiry into the Practice of Interment in Towns (1843).
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Enache, Adrian J., and Richard D. Ilnicki. "Weed Control by Subterranean Clover (Trifolium subterraneum) Used as a Living Mulch." Weed Technology 4, no. 3 (September 1990): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00025926.
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Subterranean clover as a living mulch was evaluated for weed control and its effect on field corn silage and grain yield in 1986 to 1988. Treatments included combinations of subterranean clover living mulch, rye dead mulch, and no mulch with three superimposed tillage practices (conventional, minimum, and no-tillage). Results indicated that subterranean clover living mulch effectively controlled ivyleaf morningglory. Little control of fall panicum was obtained in 1986; however, living mulch combinations effectively controlled fall panicum in 1987 and 1988. Weed biomass was reduced significantly by all living mulch combinations, but all other combinations resulted in higher weed biomass than living mulch. Corn silage and grain yields from the no-tillage plus living mulch treatment were comparable to or higher than those obtained with the conventional tillage plus no mulch treatment.
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Michelson, Andrew V., Susan M. Kidwell, Lisa E. Park Boush, and Jeanine L. Ash. "Testing for human impacts in the mismatch of living and dead ostracode assemblages at nested spatial scales in subtropical lakes from the Bahamian archipelago." Paleobiology 44, no. 4 (August 24, 2018): 758–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2018.20.
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AbstractNaturally time-averaged accumulations of skeletal remains—death assemblages—provide reliable, albeit temporally coarse, information on the species composition and structure of communities in diverse settings, and their mismatch with local living communities usually signals recent human-driven ecological change. Here, we present the first test of live–dead mismatch as an indicator of human stress using ostracodes. On three islands along a gradient of human population density in the Bahamas, we compared the similarity of living and death assemblages in 10 lakes with relatively low levels of human stress to live–dead similarity in 11 physically comparable lakes subject to industrial, agricultural, or other human activities currently or in the past. We find that live–dead agreement in pristine lakes is consistently excellent, boding well for using death assemblages in modern-day and paleolimnological biodiversity assessments. In most comparison of physically similar paired lakes, sample-level live–dead mismatch in both taxonomic composition and species’ rank abundance is on average significantly greater in the stressed lakes; live–dead agreement is not lower in all samples from stressed lakes, but is more variable. When samples are pooled for lake-level and island-level comparisons, stressed lakes still yield lower live–dead agreement, but the significance of the difference with pristine lakes decreases—species that occur dead-only (or alive-only) in one sample are likely to occur alive (or dead) in other samples. Interisland differences in live–dead agreement are congruent with, but not significantly correlated with, differences in human population density. This situation arises from heterogeneity in the timing and magnitudes of stresses and in the extent of poststress recovery. Live–dead mismatch in ostracode assemblages thus may be a reliable indicator of human impact at the sample level with the potential to be a widely applicable tool for identifying impacted habitats and, perhaps, monitoring the progress of their recovery.
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Shaltout, Kamal H., Tarek M. Galal, and Thanaa M. El-Komi. "Evaluation of the Nutrient Status of Some Hydrophytes in the Water Courses of Nile Delta, Egypt." Journal of Botany 2009 (October 21, 2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/862565.
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The nutritive values of three dominant hydrophytes along the water courses in Nile Delta, Egypt (Echinochloa stagnina, Eichhornia crassipes, and Ceratophyllum demersum) were evaluated in terms of estimating their phytomass, organic, and inorganic chemical compositions. Shoots were collected seasonally from 25 permanent stands representing the distribution of the three species along 15 canals and 10 drains distributed in 5 localities within the Nile Delta. Living and dead parts and total phytomass were estimated. Their inorganic (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Mn, and Pb) and organic (carbohydrates, total nitrogen, total protein, ether extract, digestible nutrient, digestible energy, metabolized energy, and net energy) contents were estimated. The vegetative phase of E. stagnina extended during winter, spring, and summer, while it is flowering and fruiting during autumn. On the other hand, E. crassipes and C. demersum attained their maximum flowering during spring and maximum fruiting during summer, while maximum vegetative phase during autumn and winter. E. stagnina had the highest mean annual phytomass, while C. demersum had the lowest. The living parts of C. demersum had the highest concentrations of Na, Ca, and Mg, while the living parts of E. crassipes had the highest of K and N. C. demersum had the ability to accumulate more concentrations of heavy metals than the other studied species. E. crassipes had the highest values of total carbohydrate and total proteins, while E. stagnina had the highest of crude fibers, and C. demersum had the highest of ether extract and ash contents. The living parts of E. crassipes and C. demersum were considered as excellent forages, while the dead parts of all species and the living parts of E. stagnina were evaluated as poor forage.
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Guedes, André Dumans. "Fevers, movements, passions and dead cities in northern Goiás." Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology 11, no. 1 (June 2014): 56–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1809-43412014000100003.
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In this paper I show how people living in a small town in the Brazilian state of Goiás describe the "economic" processes that have been shaping and transforming their lives over recent decades: the gold fever in the 1980"s, the construction of three large hydroelectric plants and the complex relation between this city and the mining company that "created" it. In so doing, I focus on the ideas of movement, passion and fever, looking to demonstrate how such categories relate these processes to other experiences and domains. In pursuing this aim, I also look to establish a counterpoint to the ways through which issues such as the social effects of large development projects or the modernization of "traditional" areas have usually been described in the social sciences.
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Makarichev, F. V. "USING FILMS AT THE LESSONS OF ENGLISH TO EXPAND STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY (LIVING AND DEAD WORDS IN THE FILM “DEAD POETS SOCIETY”)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 31, no. 3 (July 13, 2021): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2021-31-3-514-520.
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The article discusses the use of the authentic film at the lessons of English to expand the vocabulary of students. Working with the vocabulary of the feature film "Dead Poets Society" allows to see the possibilities of using each of the three functional styles - official, scientific and poetic styles. Lexical analysis of the speech of the main characters of the film - the official and scientific language of the director and teachers of the school and the poetic language of the teacher of literature Keating - helps to reveal the character of each personage. Particular attention is paid to Latinisms in the speech of teachers, as an element of the academic tradition in European culture, as well as the language of fiction prose and poetry, which is included in the film through quoting poems by romantic poets. Contrasting the dry, "dead" language of the director and his supporters and Keating's "living word" creates dramatic tension and helps to better understand the essence of the depicted conflict. As a consolidation of the studied vocabulary, written creative work is proposed, expanding not only the lexical reserve, but also the general cultural training of students.
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Eriksen, Marianne Hem. "Doors to the dead. The power of doorways and thresholds in Viking Age Scandinavia." Archaeological Dialogues 20, no. 2 (November 8, 2013): 187–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203813000238.
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AbstractMortuary practices could vary almost indefinitely in the Viking Age. Within a theoretical framework of ritualization and architectural philosophy, this article explores how doors and thresholds were used in mortuary practice and ritual behaviour. The door is a deep metaphor for transition, transformation and liminality. It is argued that Viking Age people built ‘doors to the dead’ of various types, such as freestanding portals, causewayed ring-ditches or thresholds to grave mounds; or on occasion even buried their dead in the doorway. The paper proposes that the ritualized doors functioned in three ways: they created connections between the dead and the living; they constituted boundaries and thresholds that could possibly be controlled; and they formed between-spaces, expressing liminality and, conceivably, deviance. Ultimately, the paper underlines the profound impact of domestic architecture on mortuary practice and ritual behaviour in the Viking Age.
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Pearson, H. G., S. J. Bennett, B. A. Philip, and D. C. Jones. "The Australian dampwood termite Porotermes adamsoni in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6562.
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Porotermes adamsoni (Australian dampwood termite) has been intercepted on infested timber of Australian origin at ports in New Zealand on numerous occasions Porotermes adamsoni attacks dead and living trees (principally Eucalyptus species) There are three known extant colonies of P adamsoni in New Zealand Lyttelton in Canterbury and Kaipara Flats and Newmarket in Auckland Surveillance operations to delimit the extent of the termite incursion at Kaipara Flats and Newmarket are outlined Biosecurity considerations are discussed
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Francisco, Jason. "A Tower to Console the Dead and the Living: Masumi Hayashi and the Image of History." Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas 3, no. 3 (October 4, 2017): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23523085-00303002.
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This article critically investigates the work of the Japanese American photographer Masumi Hayashi (1945–2006), with special attention to her series on World War II era internment camps for people of Japanese ancestry. It has three goals: to describe Hayashi’s unusual working method through close attention to the works themselves; to articulate the aesthetic, philosophical and ethical dimensions of Hayashi’s practice; and to position Hayashi within the field of late twentieth-century and early twenty-first century photographers concerned with the problem of giving-image to traumatic histories. The author argues for recognition of Hayashi’s deeply accomplished, ground-breaking work.
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Bodziarczyk, Jan, Jerzy Szwagrzyk, Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica, Antoni Zięba, Janusz Szewczyk, and Anna Gazda. "The structure of forest stands in the Tatra National Park: The results of 2016–2017 inventory." Forest Research Papers 80, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2019-0002.
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Abstract The composition and structure of forest stands in the Tatra National Park were examined using data gathered in 2016 and 2017 from 617 circular sample plots (0.05 ha each). The diameter at breast height of all living trees, standing dead trees, snags, and wind throws was measured along with diameters and lengths of fallen logs within the plot boundaries. Tree height was measured for all living trees within the core (0.01 ha) of the sample plots. Using the obtained data, height-diameter curves were calculated for all major tree species and in the case of spruce, the height-diameter relationships were also calculated separately for each of the three elevation zones (up to 1200 m, between 1200 and 1400 m, above 1400 m). For each elevation zone and park protection zone, we also determined the volumes of live and dead trees. The volume of living trees in the Tatra National Park amounted to 259 m3/ha, which was higher than the volume of dead trees (176 m3/ha). Snags constituted the largest part of the dead wood whilst over 97% of the standing dead trees were spruce Picea abies. Among living trees, the share of spruce ranged from 81% in the low elevation zone to 98% in the middle zone. Other significant species in the lower zone were Abies alba (11%) and Fagus sylvatica (4.5%), while in the middle and upper elevation zones only Sorbus aucuparia occurred in significant numbers. Furthermore, in the lower elevation zone, Fagus sylvatica was the only species displaying significantly higher volumes in the ‘strict protection’ zone compared to the other park areas. In the ‘landscape protection’ zone, Picea abies was the most dominant species and the share of other species in the lowest elevation zones calculated based on tree density was smaller than calculated based on tree volume, indicating problems with stand conversion from spruce monoculture to mixed forest.
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Trujillo, Luis A., Raiza Barahona Fong, and Sergio G. Pérez. "Filling gaps in the distribution of the four free-tailed bat species of the genus Nyctinomops Miller, 1902 (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Molossidae), with three new records for Guatemala." Check List 16, no. 6 (December 24, 2020): 1747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.6.1747.
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We found the four species of Nyctinomops Miller, 1902 living in sympatry in central Guatemala. All specimens were found dead under turbines of a wind farm. Nyctinomops femorosaccus (Merriam, 1889), was previously known from northern Mexico and southwestern United States, and this record extends its distribution at least 1150 km southward, representing the first record for Guatemala and Central America. Although N. aurispinosus (Peale, 1848) and N. macrotis (Gray, 1839) were already known from Central America (Honduras), and these are the first records for Guatemala.
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Hofmann, Alexander, Florian Putz, Maike Büttner-Herold, Markus Hecht, Rainer Fietkau, and Luitpold V. Distel. "Increase in non-professional phagocytosis during the progression of cell cycle." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 5, 2021): e0246402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246402.
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Homotypic or heterotypic internalization of another, either living or necrotic cell is currently in the center of research interest. The active invasion of a living cell called entosis and cannibalism of cells by rapidly proliferating cancers are prominent examples. Additionally, normal healthy tissue cells are capable of non-professional phagocytosis. This project studied the relationship between non-professional phagocytosis, individual proliferation and cell cycle progression. Three mesenchymal and two epithelial normal tissue cell lines were studied for homotypic non-professional phagocytosis. Homotypic dead cells were co-incubated with adherent growing living cell layers. Living cells were synchronized by mitotic shake-off as well as Aphidicolin-treatment and phagocytotic activity was analyzed by immunostaining. Cell cycle phases were evaluated by flow cytometry. Mesenchymal and epithelial normal tissue cells were capable of internalizing dead cells. Epithelial cells had much higher non-professional phagocytotic rates than mesenchymal cells. Cells throughout the entire cell cycle were able to phagocytose. The phagocytotic rate significantly increased with progressing cell cycle phases. Mitotic cells regularly phagocytosed dead cells, this was verified by Nocodazole and Colcemid treatment. Taken together, our findings indicate the ability of human tissue cells to phagocytose necrotic neighboring cells in confluent cell layers. The origin of the cell line influences the rate of cell-in-cell structure formation. The higher cell-in-cell structure rates during cell cycle progression might be influenced by cytoskeletal reorganization during this period or indicate an evolutionary anchorage of the process. Recycling of nutrients during cell growth might also be an explanation.
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Wang, Yuxin, and Jian Yu. "Adsorption and degradation of synthetic dyes on the mycelium of Trametes versicolor." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1998): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0632.
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Adsorption and degradation of three synthetic dyes with representative chromophores (azo, anthraquinone and indigo) were investigated on living mycelium of white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) and adsorption affinity (K) of the dead and living fungal mycelia to the three dyes were measured and estimated by using the Langmuir model; Qmax has a range from 50 to 105 mg dye/g dry mycelium and K from 17 to 120 mg dye/L. The adsorbed dye molecules could be degraded by the extracellular and/or intracellular enzymes that were produced by a 10-day old fungal mycelium after the essential nitrogen nutrient (NH4+) had been consumed completely. Fungal mycelium was saturated by the dyes in one hour and its adsorption capacity was regenerated at different rates depending on dye structure and enzymes. Compared to the enzymatic regeneration of dye-saturated living mycelium (8-19 mg dye/g dry mycelium. h), physical desorption of adsorbed dye molecules was consistent ranging from 2-3 mg dye/g dry mycelium. h.
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Lipinskaya, Anastasia A. "A PHANTOM COACH: FROM FOLKLORE TO FICTION." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 13, no. 2 (2021): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2021-2-97-103.
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The image of a phantom coach is very common in British folklore and, like its predecessors – Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse and the Wild Hunt, it is closely associated with death and bad omens. Quite understandably, it was widely used in ghost stories written in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. There are stories close to the folk tradition of storytelling, but much more often the authors create their own versions where the legends about phantom coaches are contaminated with other sources (such as ballads about demonic lovers) and lose certain elements which are essential for archaic mentality but can be easily neglected in modern fiction, e. g. death as punishment for doing or seeing something forbidden, church service as something that can drive away ghosts and demons. According to the rules of the genre, a coach turns into a kind of liminal zone, a subspace where the laws of the rational world do not work, a time capsule where the logic of a folktale prevails. There are versions where a coach is a means of communication between the world of the living and the world of the dead or demonic creatures. In later texts a coach gives way to a car, with all the functions preserved; this change is not connected with fears caused by the relatively new means of transport, the old image is merely transformed according to certain changes in everyday reality. The ancient themes of revenge, punishment, meeting the dead are recreated here, but sometimes the symbolism changes, it becomes more closely connected to the idea of time and memory. The analysis of how the image of a phantom coach works in ghost stories can help to understand certain tendencies in the development of the genre (what happens to folkloric sources, narrative principles, the ideas of time and death etc.).
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Strandén-Backa, Sofie. ""Bara en fot och en känga"." Budkavlen 99 (November 10, 2020): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37447/bk.99531.
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‘A foot and a boot’. Narratives about children killed by wolves in Finnish folk tradition and media material
Sofie Strandén-Backa
Keywords: wolf attacks in Finland 1880–1881, children, living tradition, mass and social media
The article focuses on narratives about children and wolves, and the material consists of different texts that deal with children who have been killed by wolves in Finland in earlier times. The particular events in question are a series of well-known and documented wolf attacks on children in the Turku region during 1880 and 1881. Older newspaper articles, as well as contemporary texts, are analysed. One aim of the study is to investigate what is set in motion when the relationship between wolves and children is discussed and which underlying patterns emerge as part of that discussion. Another aim is to allow for narrative elements to create a base for discourse about the dangerous wolf. The analysis covers peoples’ comments on websites where the discourse is both defended and challenged and where negotiations about the prerogatives of the animal are made visible. Ever-returning narratives about the dangerous wolf are part of a legend process, where one goal is to convince the audience of the truth of the stories. One way of doing so, throughout the years, has been to present what could be called ‘the bloody list’, a list that consists of the name and age of the dead children, the circumstances under which they were killed and what was left of their bodies. In the stories, there was no way to protect the children, and there is nothing the parents could have done once the wolf got hold of their child. The message in these stories from the 1880s is that there is no rescue from the wolf. This message is passed down to parents and further to the children of today, creating a child-eating beast of (every) wolf. Another goal is to keep the stories alive for future generations, since the events are viewed as so important that they are not to be forgotten. The stories have a somewhat emblematic character, since they reflect an original myth about the genesis of modern Finland, freed from untamed nature and the chaos of wolves.
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Pergent, Gérard, Christine Pergent-Martini, Catherine Fernandez, Vanina Pasqualini, and Diana Walker. "Morpho-chronological variations and primary production in Posidonia sea grass from Western Australia." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 5 (October 2004): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404010161h.
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The occurrence of morpho-chronological variations was demonstrated in three Australian species of phanerogams, Posidonia australis, Posidonia coriacea and Posidonia sinuosa, which are found living around Rottnest Island (Western Australia). Three chronological parameters were identified: the thickness of dead sheaths, the internodal distance and the regular presence of floral stalk remains. The foliar primary production for these three species, as estimated using the lepidochronology method, is very high since values of 1374, 1811 and 678 mg dw shoot−1 y−1 were recorded, respectively. Rhizome production values range from 70·6 and 376·7 mg dw shoot−1 y−1 for Posidonia coriacea and Posidonia australis respectively. The results obtained are very encouraging and confirm that these morpho-chronological variations are particularly well developed for the genus Posidonia.
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Aulniers, Luce Des. "J.C. Ameisen, D. Hervieu-Léger, and E. Hirsh (Eds.). Qu'est-ce que mourir?Paris: Le Pommier/Cité des sciences et de l'industrie, 2003." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 24, no. 3 (2005): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cja.2005.0072.
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ABSTRACTResearchers in the fields of biology, religious studies, history, medical ethics, philosophy, and sociology offer a popularized interpretation of “what is death and dying.” This book is divided into three sections, each beginning with a relevant discussion on the contexts of the issue of death and dying. The work proposes three insights into the subject. First, the image of “the dead and the living,” as presented in art history, is revisited through the genetics and biology discourses that have recently challenged the traditional concepts of aging, as well as the very definition of “clinical” death. Second, the “experience of death” is based on new ideologies that reassess the solitude and individualistic nature of the dying and the necessity of reestablishing the links between the dying and the living, as reiterating the cultural norm. Finally, the “good death” establishes a virtual breach between two types of mythical figures – the heroes and the saints – and the relational singularity of palliative care.
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Kosunen, Maiju, Päivi Lyytikäinen-Saarenmaa, Paavo Ojanen, Minna Blomqvist, and Mike Starr. "Response of Soil Surface Respiration to Storm and Ips typographus (L.) Disturbance in Boreal Norway Spruce Stands." Forests 10, no. 4 (April 3, 2019): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040307.
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Disturbances such as storm events and bark beetle outbreaks can have a major influence on forest soil carbon (C) cycling. Both autotrophic and heterotrophic soil respiration may be affected by the increase in tree mortality. We studied the effect of a storm in 2010 followed by an outbreak of the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) on the soil surface respiration (respiration by soil and ground vegetation) at two Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) dominated sites in southeastern Finland. Soil surface respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture were measured in three types of plots—living trees (undisturbed), storm-felled trees, and standing dead trees killed by I. typographus—during the summer–autumn period for three years (2015–2017). Measurements at storm-felled tree plots were separated into dead tree detritus-covered (under storm-felled trees) and open-vegetated (on open areas) microsites. The soil surface total respiration for 2017 was separated into its autotrophic and heterotrophic components using trenching. The soil surface total respiration rates at the disturbed plots were 64%–82% of those at the living tree plots at one site and were due to a decrease in autotrophic respiration, but there was no clear difference in soil surface total respiration between the plots at the other site, due to shifts in either autotrophic or heterotrophic respiration. The soil surface respiration rates were related to plot basal area (living and all trees), as well as to soil temperature and soil moisture. As storm and bark beetle disturbances are predicted to become more common in the future, their effects on forest ecosystem C cycling and CO2 fluxes will therefore become increasingly important.
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Villenave, Cécile, Bodovololona Rabary, Jean-Luc Chotte, Eric Blanchart, and Djibril Djigal. "Impact of direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems on soil nematodes in a long-term experiment in Madagascar." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44, no. 8 (August 2009): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800022.
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The objective of this work was to assess the effects of conventional tillage and of different direct seeding mulch-based cropping systems (DMC) on soil nematofauna characteristics. The long-term field experiment was carried out in the highlands of Madagascar on an andic Dystrustept soil. Soil samples were taken once a year during three successive years (14 to 16 years after installation of the treatments) from a 0-5-cm soil layer of a conventional tillage system and of three kinds of DMC: direct seeding on mulch from rotation soybean-maize residues; direct seeding of maize-maize rotation on living mulch of silverleaf (Desmodium uncinatum); direct seeding of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)-soybean rotation on living mulch of kikuyu grass (Pennisetum clandestinum). The samples were compared with samples from natural fallows. The soil nematofauna, characterized by the abundance of different trophic groups and indices (MI, maturity index; EI and SI, enrichment and structure indices), allowed the discrimination of the different cropping systems. The different DMC treatments had a more complex soil food web than the tillage treatment: SI and MI were significantly greater in DMC systems. Moreover, DMC with dead mulch had a lower density of free-living nematodes than DMC with living mulch, which suggested a lower microbial activity.
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Dharmaji, Deddy. "TUTUPAN TERUMBU KARANG KABUPATEN KOTABARU PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN (STUDI KASUS PERAIRAN SEPAGAR)." Fish Scientiae 3, no. 6 (June 16, 2016): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/fs.v3i6.1140.
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This research aims to know the percentage of living coral cover in the village of Sepagar. The benefits of this research are as input for the parties involved in the efforts of the management and conservation of coral reefs in the waters of the village Sepagar. The results of the observation and calculation of the coral reefs is done using the method of Point Intercept Trancek (PIT) shows that the community of coral reefs in the waters of the Sepagar included in the types of coral reefs of the sandbar (patch reef). Generally burnt coral reefs grow and develop in the relatively shallow waters with depths ranging from 1-5 meters. The results showed on the three stations found 7 of the 10 components of the reef that is. Acropora (AC), Non-Acropora (NA), Dead Coral with Algae (DCA), Dead Coral (DC), Soft Coral Sand (SC) (S), and the Rubble (R). Component not found is Fleshy Seawed (FS), Rock (RK) and Silt (SL). At station 1, the total percentage of living coral closure (living cover) by 51.4%, In station 2 of 55,3 % , and in station 3 of 51.3 % .The percentage the coral lived in waters sepagar in good not far different the percentage the coral live in every station.
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Pietikäinen, J., E. Vaijärvi, H. Ilvesniemi, H. Fritze, and C. J. Westman. "Carbon storage of microbes and roots and the flux of CO2 across a moisture gradient." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 8 (September 1, 1999): 1197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-066.
Full textAbstract:
Living root biomass (tree roots [Formula: see text]2 mm, tree roots >2 mm, and dwarf shrub roots), dead root biomass, microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), and soil surface CO2 flux were investigated in a northern boreal mixed forest. Three study sites were established along a 100-m gradient with differing moisture and soil texture. The amount of total root biomass did not differ across the moisture gradient. The amount of living root biomass averaged 1.46 kg·m-2, and 1.04 kg·m-2 was found as dead roots. Half of living root biomass was fine roots (diameter [Formula: see text]2 mm), and of this fraction, 75% was fine roots of trees. The total amount of Cmic was lower on the dry site (78.5 g C·m-2) compared with the intermediate and mesic sites (95.3 g C·m-2). The Cmic to organic C ratio was 1.4% in the L+F+H horizon, and the ratio increased with increasing depth to 4.1% in the C horizon, which indicated that microbes in the deeper soil horizons decomposed recently deposited root litter or exudates. The storage of carbon in fine roots was four times more than that in Cmic. The soil surface CO2 flux fluctuated seasonally but was similar across the gradient.
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Svoboda, M., and V. V Podrázský. "Forest decline and pedobiological characteristics of humus forms in the Šumava National Park." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 4 (January 10, 2012): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4552-jfs.
Full textAbstract:
Humus forms dynamics and characteristics of different forest sites were studied in the area of Smrčina Mt. in the Šumava National Park territory. The study was performed in vital Norway spruce forest, dead Norway spruce forest (bark beetle Ips typographus infestation) and on a clear-cut area (site conditions were comparable for all three plots). The amount of surface organic matter was not affected by forest decline or by clear-cut (95.5 t/ha, 73.1 t/ha and 100.2 t/ha, respectively), pH being comparable (between 2.3 and 3.2 pH KCl). A slight favourable effect of grass litter on pH increase was obvious; higher leaching of bases occurred in lower horizons. Nitrogen losses were detected from the L + F horizons, falling from 1.93–1.83% (living stand) to 1.73–1.83% (clear-cut area). Higher ammonia production was documented in substrates (F and H horizons) from the living stand (from 263 and 103 mg/kg before incubation to 610 and 248 mg/kg after incubation – nitrogen content in ammonia form), and higher nitrification rates (nitrogen content in nitrate form) were recorded on the clear-cut area (103 and 80 mg/kg to 153 and 87 mg/kg) and especially in the dead stand (160 and 93 mg/kg to 216 and 139 mg/kg). Respective values for the living stand increased from 52 and 61 mg/kg to 119 and 84 mg/kg. Respiration activity, both potential and basic, was more balanced, indicating more intensive dynamics in the case of dead stand and clear-cut area.