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Journal articles on the topic 'Legged effects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Miyachi, Motohiko, Hirofumi Tanaka, Kenta Yamamoto, Akira Yoshioka, Kouki Takahashi, and Sho Onodera. "Effects of one-legged endurance training on femoral arterial and venous size in healthy humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 90, no. 6 (2001): 2439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2001.90.6.2439.

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The cross-sectional area (CSA) of large-conductance arteries increases in response to endurance training in humans. To determine whether training-induced changes in arterial structure are systemic in nature or, rather, are confined to the arteries supplying exercising muscles, we studied 10 young men who performed one-legged cycle training [80% of one-legged peak O2 uptake (V˙o 2 peak), 40 min/day, 4 days/wk] for 6 wk and detraining for another 6 wk. There were no significant differences in baseline one-leggedV˙o 2 peak and CSA of the common femoral artery and vein (via B-mode ultrasound) betw

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Abedinnasab, Mohammad H., Farzam Farahmand, Bahram Tarvirdizadeh, Hassan Zohoor, and Jaime Gallardo-Alvarado. "Kinematic effects of number of legs in 6-DOF UPS parallel mechanisms." Robotica 35, no. 12 (2017): 2257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574716000862.

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SUMMARYIn this paper, we study the kinematic effects of number of legs in 6-DOF UPS parallel manipulators. A group of 3-, 4-, and 6-legged mechanisms are evaluated in terms of the kinematic performance indices, workspace, singular configurations, and forward kinematic solutions. Results show that the optimum number of legs varies due to priorities in kinematic measures in different applications. The non-symmetric Wide-Open mechanism enjoys the largest workspace, while the well-known Gough–Stewart (3–3) platform retains the highest dexterity. Especially, the redundantly actuated 4-legged mechan

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3

Yu, Mi, Yong-Jun Piao, Seong-Hyun Kim, Dong-Wook Kim, and Nam-Gyun Kim. "Effects of tendon vibration during one-legged and two-legged stance in elderly individuals." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 11, no. 6 (2010): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-010-0117-x.

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4

Jung, Kyoung-sim, Jin-hwa Jung, and Tae-sung In. "The Effects of Cross-Legged Sitting on the Trunk and Pelvic Angles and Gluteal Pressure in People with and without Low Back Pain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (2020): 4621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134621.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cross-legged sitting on the trunk flexion angle, pelvic obliquity, and gluteal pressure of subjects with and without low back pain (LBP). The study subjects were 30 LBP patients and 30 healthy individuals. They were instructed to sit on a chair, the height of which was adjustable, so that their knee and hip joints were bent at 90°. All subjects were asked to perform two sitting postures: erect sitting and cross-legged sitting. Trunk flexion angle and pelvic obliquity were measured using a three-dimensional motion-capture system, and g

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LOSOS, JONATHAN B., and BARRY SINERVO. "The Effects of Morphology and Perch Diameter on Sprint Performance of Anolis Lizards." Journal of Experimental Biology 145, no. 1 (1989): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.145.1.23.

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We investigated the mechanistic basis for the observed correlation between leg length and perch size among West Indian Anolis lizards by testing the hypothesis that species use those perches upon which they can move most effectively. We used four Anolis species which differed in leg length and perch use in nature. We measured maximum sprint speed on rods of several sizes. Longer-legged species ran faster on thick rods. The speed of all species declined on thinner rods, but long-legged species were affected to a greater extent in that all species ran at approximately the same speed on the small

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6

İŞLER, C. T., M. E. ALTUĞ, Z. YURTAL, and M. Z. Y. DEVECI. "Effects of diazepam, ketamine HCl and sevoflurane anesthesia on vital and recovery values of nine long legged buzzards (Buteo rufinus) upon wing amputation." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 69, no. 3 (2018): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.18877.

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In this clinical study, effects of diazepam + ketamine HCl + sevoflurane anesthesia on vital functions and recovery duration and qualityofnine long legged buzzards were evaluated upon wing amputation. Operation was decided for long legged buzzards and heartand breathingrate, body temperature, and reflexes of long legged buzzards were evaluated before, during and after the anesthesia. Diazepam and ketamine HCl injection increased the heart rate whereas it was decreased by sevoflurane. Respiratory rate decreased upon sevoflurane application. Body temperature decreased during anesthesia. Recovery

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7

Kinugasa, Tetsuya, and Yasuhiro Sugimoto. "Dynamically and Biologically Inspired Legged Locomotion: A Review." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, no. 3 (2017): 456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0456.

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[abstFig src='/00290003/01.jpg' width='300' text='Passive dynamic walking: RW03 and Jenkka III' ] Legged locomotion, such as walking, running, turning, and jumping depends strongly on the dynamics and the biological characteristics of the body involved. Gait patterns and energy efficiency, for instance, are known to be greatly affected, not only by travel speed and ground contact conditions but also by body structure such as joint stiffness and coordination, and foot sole shape. To understand legged locomotion principles, we must elucidate how the body’s dynamic and biological characteristics

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8

Miyachi, M., K. Yamamoto, K. Takahashi, et al. "EFFECTS OF ONE-LEGGED EXERCISE ON LEG ARTERIAL STIFFNESS." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 5 (2002): S132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00737.

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9

Aoki, Osamu, Yoshitaka Otani, Shinichiro Morishita, and Kazuhisa Domen. "EFFECTS OF VIEWING DISTANCE AND HEAD FLEXION ON POSTURAL CONTROL DURING ONE AND TWO-LEGGED STANCE." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 3, no. 5 (2015): 1215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2015.179.

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10

Zhang, S. J., D. Howard, D. J. Sanger, and S. Miao. "Multi-legged walking machine body design." Robotica 15, no. 6 (1997): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574797000714.

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The effects of body geometry on walking machine performance have been investigated, and a body design procedure proposed. The relationships between static workspace, body-geometry and installed joint torques have been derived. A body design procedure that uses this data is then described, and two design examples discussed. The procedure results in a body geometry which minimises the installed joint torques, and hence the machine weight, for the desired workspace area.

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11

Johnston, G., C. H. Walker, A. Dawson, and A. Furnell. "Interactive Effects of Pesticides in the Hybrid Red-Legged Partridge." Functional Ecology 4, no. 3 (1990): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2389591.

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12

Wack, Corina L., Mary K. Ratay, and Sarah K. Woodley. "Effects of Corticosterone on Locomotory Activity in Red-Legged Salamanders." Herpetologica 69, no. 2 (2013): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1655/herpetologica-d-12-00040r2.

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13

Dolmage, Thomas E., and Roger S. Goldstein. "Effects of One-Legged Exercise Training of Patients With COPD." Chest 133, no. 2 (2008): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-1423.

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14

Dolmage, T. E., and R. S. Goldstein. "Effects of One-Legged Exercise Training of Patients with COPD." Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal 19, no. 2 (2008): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01823246-200819020-00008.

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15

Parker, R. H. "The effects of mild one-legged isometric or dynamic training." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 54, no. 3 (1985): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00426143.

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16

Tarsim. "Effect of Adding the White Legged Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) on Growth and Survival of Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Intensive Farming." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 3, no. 3 (2007): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.3.41-45.

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<p>This experiment was carried out in the framework of a project to develop a viable shrimp polyculture technology under intensive farming. The objectives were to assess the effect of adding white legged shrimp (<em>Penaeus vannamei</em>) on growth and survival of tiger shrimp (<em>Penaeus monodon</em>) in intensive Farming. Tiger shrimp were stocked in 2800-3400 m2 earthen ponds at 40 individuals/m2 and reared for 133 days. White legged shrimp added at 70 day at 8±2 individuals/m2. Growth rate and total yield affected by addition of this species. Final affected b

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17

Liu, Anmin, and David Howard. "Kinematic design of crab-like legged vehicles." Robotica 19, no. 1 (2001): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700002861.

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In this paper, the kinematic workspace characteristics of a crab-like legged vehicle are investigated using a 2-D model. The alternative kinematic configurations and their corresponding workspace constraints are discussed, and the vehicle configuration of most interest identified. It is shown that, for constant vehicle body attitude, only two parameters affect the kinematic workspace, foot overlap and thigh length. Analytical methods for calculating the workspace characteristics are presented and, using these methods, the effects of the design geometry on the kinematic workspace are investigat

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18

Huang, Pi-Yin, Wen-Ling Chen, Cheng-Feng Lin, and Heng-Ju Lee. "Lower Extremity Biomechanics in Athletes With Ankle Instability After a 6-Week Integrated Training Program." Journal of Athletic Training 49, no. 2 (2014): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.2.10.

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Context: Plyometric exercise has been recommended to prevent lower limb injury, but its feasibility in and effects on those with functional ankle instability (FAI) are unclear. Objective: To investigate the effect of integrated plyometric and balance training in participants with FAI during a single-legged drop landing and single-legged standing position. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: University motion-analysis laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty athletes with FAI were divided into 3 groups: plyometric group (8 men, 2 women, age = 23.20 ± 2.82 years; 10

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19

Bakr, E. M., and A. A. Shabana. "Application of Timoshenko Beam Theory to the Dynamics of Flexible Legged Locomotion." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 110, no. 1 (1988): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258900.

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A method for the dynamic analysis of flexible legged locomotion systems that accounts for the rotary inertia and shear deformation effects is presented. The motion of the flexible components in the legged vehicle is described using a set of inertia-variant Timoshenko beams that undergo large rotations. A shape function that accounts for the combined effect of rotary inertia and shear is employed to describe the deformation relative to a selected component reference and the rigid-body modes of the shape function are eliminated using a set of reference conditions. Kinetic and strain energies are

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20

Guasch, L., F. Corcoles, J. Pedra, and L. Sainz. "Effects of Symmetrical Voltage Sags on Three-Phase Three-Legged Transformers." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 19, no. 2 (2004): 875–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2004.825306.

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21

Yahnke, Amy E., Christian E. Grue, Marc P. Hayes, and Schuyler Pearman-Gillman. "Effects of the herbicide triclopyr on metamorphic northern red-legged frogs." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 36, no. 9 (2017): 2316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.3767.

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22

ALQUATI, A. BONISOLI, D. RUBOLINI, M. ROMANO, G. BONCORAGLIO, M. FASOLA, and N. SAINO. "Effects of egg albumen removal on yellow-legged gull chick phenotype." Functional Ecology 21, no. 2 (2007): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01226.x.

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23

Rankin, Susan M., and Evan M. Grosjean. "Effects of bisphenol A in the ring-legged earwig, Euborellia annulipes." Ecotoxicology 19, no. 4 (2009): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0435-x.

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24

Kinzey, Stephen J., Mitchell L. Cordova, Kevin J. Gallen, Jason C. Smith, and Justin B. Moore. "The Effects of Cryotherapy on Ground-Reaction Forces Produced during a Functional Task." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 9, no. 1 (2000): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.9.1.3.

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Objective:To determine whether a standard 20-min ice-bath (10°C) immersion of the leg alters vertical ground-reaction-force components during a 1 -legged vertical jump.Design:A 1 × 5 factorial repeated-measures model was used.Setting:The Applied Biomechanics Laboratory at The University of Mississippi.Participants:Fifteen healthy and physically active subjects (age = 22.3 ± 2.1 years, height = 177.3 ± 12.2 cm, mass = 76.3 ± 19.1 kg) participated.Intervention:Subjects performed 25 one-legged vertical jumps with their preferred extremity before (5 jumps) and after (20 jumps) a 20-min cold whirlp

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Ross, Scott E., Shelley W. Linens, Cynthia J. Wright, and Brent L. Arnold. "Customized Noise-Stimulation Intensity for Bipedal Stability and Unipedal Balance Deficits Associated With Functional Ankle Instability." Journal of Athletic Training 48, no. 4 (2013): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.12.

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Context: Stochastic resonance stimulation (SRS) administered at an optimal intensity could maximize the effects of treatment on balance. Objective: To determine if a customized optimal SRS intensity is better than a traditional SRS protocol (applying the same percentage sensory threshold intensity for all participants) for improving double- and single-legged balance in participants with or without functional ankle instability (FAI). Design: Case-control study with an embedded crossover design. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twelve healthy participants (6 men, 6 women; age

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Park, Sangsoo, Richard Van Emmerik, and Graham E. Caldwell. "Changes in Muscle Control After Learning to Direct Pedal Forces in One-Legged Pedaling." Journal of Motor Learning and Development 9, no. 2 (2021): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0052.

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The aim of this study was to describe how major leg muscle activities are altered after learning a novel one-legged pedaling task. Fifteen recreational cyclists practiced one-legged pedaling trials during which they were instructed to match their applied pedal force to a target direction perpendicular to the crank arm. Activity in 10 major leg muscles was measured with surface electromyography electrodes. Improved upstroke task performance was obtained by greater activity in the hip and ankle flexor muscles, counteracting the negative effects of gravity. Greater quadriceps activities explained

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Faigenbaum, Avery D., Gregory D. Myer, Anne Farrell, et al. "Integrative Neuromuscular Training and Sex-Specific Fitness Performance in 7-Year-Old Children: An Exploratory Investigation." Journal of Athletic Training 49, no. 2 (2014): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.08.

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Context: Integrative neuromuscular training (INT) has successfully enhanced physical fitness and reduced abnormal biomechanics, which appear to decrease injury rates in adolescent female athletes. If not addressed at the proper time, low levels of physical fitness and abnormal mechanics may predispose female athletes to an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Objectives To evaluate sex-specific effects of INT on selected measures of health- and skill-related fitness in children during physical education (PE). Design: Cohort study. Setting: Public primary school. Patients or Other Partic

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Jameson, Andrew G., Stephen J. Kinzey, and Jeffrey S. Hallam. "Lower-Extremity-Joint Cryotherapy Does Not Affect Vertical Ground-Reaction Forces during Landing." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 10, no. 2 (2001): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.10.2.132.

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Context:Cryotherapy is commonly used in the care of acute and chronic injuries. It decreases pain, reduces swelling, and causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels. Its detrimental effects on motor activity might predispose physically active individuals to further injury.Objective:To examine the effects of cryotherapy on vertical-ground-reaction-force (VGRF) during a 2-legged landing from a 2-legged targeted vertical jump.Design:2 × 4 MANOVA with repeated measures.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:10 men, means: 22.40 ± 1.26 years, 76.01 ± 26.95 kg, 182.88 ± 6.88 cm.Intervention:VGRF

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Miyachi, M., K. Yamamoto, K. Takahashi, A. Yoshioka, and S. Onodera. "EFFECTS OF ONE-LEGGED ENDURANCE TRAINING AND DETRAINING ON FEMORAL ARTERIAL SIZE." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 33, no. 5 (2001): S91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200105001-00521.

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30

Brewer, John H., Kathleen M. O'Reilly, and C. Loren Buck. "Effects of investigator disturbance on corticosterone concentrations of Black-legged Kittiwake chicks." Journal of Field Ornithology 79, no. 4 (2008): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1557-9263.2008.00187.x.

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Possenti, Cristina Daniela, Giulia Poma, Saskia Defossé, et al. "Embryotoxic effects of in-ovo triclosan injection to the yellow-legged gull." Chemosphere 218 (March 2019): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.187.

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32

MARTÍNEZ-ABRAÍN, A., B. SARZO, E. VILLUENDAS, M. A. BARTOLOMÉ, E. MÍNGUEZ, and D. ORO. "Unforeseen effects of ecosystem restoration on yellow-legged gulls in a small western Mediterranean island." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 3 (2004): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001456.

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A conservation project aimed at ecosystem restoration had several unforeseen effects on a colony of the yellow-legged gull Larus michahellis in a small western Mediterranean island (Benidorm Island). The project included regulation of massive tourist visits to help restore the soil and autochthonous vegetation. However, gulls habituated rapidly to regulation of tourist activities, as nests located either close to or far from the main trail showed a similar hatching success. The quiet conditions produced by regulation seemingly facilitated a rapid colony increase. Partial removal of alien veget

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33

Yasuda, Tadashi, Keiichi Oyanagi, Miyu Nakagaki, and Hiromitsu Itoh. "Differential Effects of Hip Rotation Range on Knee Abduction Biomechanics during Double-Legged Landing between Males and Females." Asian Journal of Kinesiology 22, no. 4 (2020): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2020.22.4.34.

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OBJECTIVES Dynamic knee valgus is composed of hip-knee coupling. While females differ from males in passive hip motion, hip rotation range may alter muscle mechanics and neuromuscular activity. This study aimed to compare knee abduction biomechanics during double-legged drop-landing between males and females with different hip rotation ranges.METHODS This study included five females with the range of hip internal rotation (IR) > the range of hip external rotation (ER), five females with ER>IR, four males with IR>ER, and five males with ER>IR. There was no difference in other hip mo

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34

Meinerz, Carolyn M., Philip Malloy, Christopher F. Geiser, and Kristof Kipp. "Anticipatory Effects on Lower Extremity Neuromechanics During a Cutting Task." Journal of Athletic Training 50, no. 9 (2015): 905–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.8.02.

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Context Continued research into the mechanism of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury helps to improve clinical interventions and injury-prevention strategies. A better understanding of the effects of anticipation on landing neuromechanics may benefit training interventions. Objective To determine the effects of anticipation on lower extremity neuromechanics during a single-legged land-and-cut task. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting University biomechanics laboratory. Participants Eighteen female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate soccer players (a

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35

Lingg, Gerhard, P. Christian Endler, Michael Frass, and Harald Lothaller. "Treatment of Highland Frogs from the Two-Legged Stage with Homeopathically Prepared Thyroxin (10-11–10-21)." Scientific World JOURNAL 8 (2008): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2008.58.

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The influence of moderately diluted, agitated, i.e., homeopathically prepared, thyroxin solutions (10-11–10-12, final concentration in the basin water 0.6 × 10-15− 0.6 × 10-25parts by weight after the first application) on metamorphosis in highlandRana temporariafrom the two-legged stage was studied. In accordance with the homeopathic idea of effects of specially prepared dilutions being inverse to those of their mother substances, animals were treated either with thyroxin 10-11–10-21or analogously prepared blank solution (water). Development was monitored by documenting the number of animals

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Le, Thanh Q., Frank Gross, and Tim Harmon. "Safety Effects of Turning Movement Restrictions at Stop-Controlled Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 21 (2018): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118796709.

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This study evaluates the safety effectiveness of physical right-in-right-out (RIRO) operations compared with full turning movements at stop-controlled intersections. Geometric, traffic, and crash data from California were obtained for urban, three-legged, stop-controlled intersections with full movement and RIRO operations, as well as the downstream four-legged, stop-controlled or signalized intersections with full movement. A cross-sectional analysis provided estimates of the effects of turning movement restrictions while controlling for other differences between sites with RIRO and full move

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Relyea, Rick A. "THE LASTING EFFECTS OF ADAPTIVE PLASTICITY: PREDATOR-INDUCED TADPOLES BECOME LONG-LEGGED FROGS." Ecology 82, no. 7 (2001): 1947–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[1947:tleoap]2.0.co;2.

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Lawler, Sharon P., Deborah Dritz, Terry Strange, and Marcel Holyoak. "Effects of Introduced Mosquitofish and Bullfrogs on the Threatened California Red-Legged Frog." Conservation Biology 13, no. 3 (1999): 613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98075.x.

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Woo, Youngje, Ilsub Jun, and Woomin Je. "Effects of a good posture belt on buttock pressure during cross-legged sitting." Journal of Physical Therapy Science 28, no. 3 (2016): 976–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.976.

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Richter, E. A., K. J. Mikines, H. Galbo, and B. Kiens. "Effect of exercise on insulin action in human skeletal muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 2 (1989): 876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.2.876.

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The effect of 1 h of dynamic one-legged exercise on insulin action in human muscle was studied in 6 healthy young men. Four hours after one-legged knee extensions, a three-step sequential euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with arterial and bilateral femoral vein catheterization was performed. Increased insulin action on glucose uptake was found in the exercised compared with the rested thigh at mean plasma insulin concentrations of 23, 40, and 410 microU/ml. Furthermore, prior contractions directed glucose uptake toward glycogen synthesis and increased insulin effects on thigh O2 cons

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41

Jodice, Patrick GR, Daniel D. Roby, Scott A. Hatch, Verena A. Gill, Richard B. Lanctot, and G. Henk Visser. "Does food availability affect energy expenditure rates of nesting seabirds? A supplemental-feeding experiment with Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 2 (2002): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z01-221.

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We used a supplemental-feeding experiment, the doubly labeled water technique, and a model-selection approach based upon the Akaike Information Criterion to examine effects of food availability on energy expenditure rates of Black-legged Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) raising young. Energy expenditure rates of supplementally fed females (n = 14) and males (n = 16) were 34 and 20% lower than those of control females (n = 14) and males (n = 18), respectively. Energy expenditure rates of females were more responsive to fluctuations in food availability than those of males. Fed males likely expende

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Drummond, Brie A., Rachael A. Orben, Aaron M. Christ, et al. "Comparing non-breeding distribution and behavior of red-legged kittiwakes from two geographically distant colonies." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (2021): e0254686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254686.

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Knowledge of non-breeding distributions is a crucial component to seabird conservation, as conditions during the non-breeding period can play an important role in regulating seabird populations. Specifically, if seabirds from different colonies share the same wintering grounds, conditions in that shared region could have a widespread impact on multiple breeding populations. Red-legged kittiwakes (Rissa brevirostris) are endemic to the Bering Sea and may be especially susceptible to effects of climate change due to a restricted breeding range, small population size, and specialized diet. To exa

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Fischhoff, Ilya R., Felicia Keesing, and Richard S. Ostfeld. "Risk Factors for Bites and Diseases Associated With Black-Legged Ticks: A Meta-Analysis." American Journal of Epidemiology 188, no. 9 (2019): 1742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz130.

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AbstractThe emergence and spread of Lyme disease and other infections associated with black-legged ticks is causing a public health crisis. No human vaccines are currently available, and both diagnosis and treatment are sometimes ineffectual, leading to advocacy for self-directed preventative measures. These recommendations are widely communicated to the public, but there is limited evidence for their efficacy. We undertook a systematic review and mixed-effects meta-regression analysis of factors purported to increase or decrease risk of black-legged tick bites and tick-borne disease. Publishe

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Young, Rebecca C., Jorg Welcker, Christopher P. Barger, et al. "Effects of developmental conditions on growth, stress and telomeres in black-legged kittiwake chicks." Molecular Ecology 26, no. 13 (2017): 3572–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.14121.

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Wilburn, Damien B., Kari A. Doty, Adam J. Chouinard, et al. "Olfactory effects of a hypervariable multicomponent pheromone in the red-legged salamander, Plethodon shermani." PLOS ONE 12, no. 3 (2017): e0174370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0174370.

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Ha, Sung-min, Jae-seop Oh, In-cheol Jeon, and Oh-yun Kwon. "The effects of surface condition on abdominal muscle activity during single-legged hold exercise." Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 25, no. 1 (2015): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.07.001.

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Neary, Patrick J., and Howard A. Wenger. "The effects of one- and two-legged exercise on the lactate and ventilatory threshold." European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 54, no. 6 (1986): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00943346.

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Park, Sung-Ho, and Dong-Pyo Hong. "Effects of limb motion on locomotive efficiency in bio-inspired four-legged walking machine." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 15, no. 12 (2014): 2681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-014-0643-z.

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Duhem, Céline, Philip Roche, Eric Vidal, and Thierry Tatoni. "Effects of anthropogenic food resources on yellow-legged gull colony size on Mediterranean islands." Population Ecology 50, no. 1 (2007): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10144-007-0059-z.

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Johnston, Gail, Colin H. Walker, and Alistair Dawson. "Interactive effects of prochloraz and malathion in pigeon, starling and hybrid red-legged partridge." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 13, no. 1 (1994): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620130116.

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