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Journal articles on the topic 'Legislative bodies – Central America'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Massard da Fonseca, Elize, Francisco Inácio Bastos, and Gilberto Lopes. "Increasing Access to Oral Anticancer Medicines in Middle-Income Countries: A Case Study of Private Health Insurance Coverage in Brazil." Journal of Global Oncology 2, no. 1 (2016): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2015.001917.

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The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 60% of the world’s new annual cancer cases occur in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America, and that 70% of cancer deaths occur in these regions. Although oral chemotherapy is a promising intervention for cancer treatment, given its high cost, it is usually unavailable in middle-income countries. In 2013, after strong lobbying from civil society, Brazil's Congress passed legislation mandating that all private health insurance companies provide access to oral antineoplastic treatment. The decision to scale up the provision of oral

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Barnes, Tiffany D., and Gregory W. Saxton. "Working-Class Legislators and Perceptions of Representation in Latin America." Political Research Quarterly 72, no. 4 (2019): 910–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912919829583.

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How does the near-exclusion of working-class citizens from legislatures affect citizens’ perceptions of representation? We argue that when groups of people are continually denied access to representation, citizens are less likely to believe that their interests are represented by the legislature. By contrast, more inclusive institutions that incorporate members of the working class foster support for representative bodies. Using a multilevel analysis of eighteen Latin American countries—a region plagued by disapproval of and disenchantment with representation—we find that greater inclusion of

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Oleksiy, Shevchuk. "Rulemaking of the national agency of Ukraine for the identification, search and management of assets obtained from corruption and other crimes: constitutional and legal aspect." ScienceRise: Juridical Science, no. 1(11) (March 31, 2020): 29–33. https://doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2020.199930.

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The article analyzes the legal nature and constitutional status of the legal acts of the National Agency of Ukraine for finding, tracing and management of assets, derived from corruption and other crimes (abbr. - Asset Recovery and Management Agency or ARMA) as a central executive body with special status. The features of the central executive bodies with a special status as an integral component of the executive branch and the state mechanism as a whole are considered. It has been established, that the special status is determined primarily by the special social role of this category of centr

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DeRogatis, Amy. "Christian Bodies, Blood, and Feelings in America." Church History 85, no. 2 (2016): 350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640716000056.

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In Emptiness: Feeling Christian in America, John Corrigan delivers a sweeping study of the dialectic between emptiness and fullness in American Christianities. He draws from an impressive breadth of sources both over time and within different forms of American Christianity to explore how Christians have integrated the feelings of emptiness and, in turn fullness, as central to their identities, beliefs and practices. At the outset of the book Corrigan explains, “The practice of Christianity that was grounded in the feeling of emptiness, however, was not ambiguous. Christians determinedly chased

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Pereira, Cesar, and Leonardo F. Souza-McMurtrie. "The development of arbitration involving State Parties in Brazil: comparative remarks with Latin America." Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 19, Issue 75 (2022): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2022027.

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Arbitration involving state entities in Brazil has a long history. This paper analyses how this type of arbitration arose in Brazil, what were the strategies that Brazilian courts and legislative bodies employed to make it work and how do they compare to the rest of Latin America. This paper shows what were the key legal issues associated with resolving commercial conflicts with state parties in Brazil, how they were regulated and, most importantly, why arbitration became so relevant for state parties in Brazil, while other countries in Latin America avoid using the method. State entities; arb

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Liu, Qiucen. "The system and development of People’s Republic of China legislation." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 11, no. 3 (2020): 666–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2020.309.

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The article describes the current stage of development of the People’s Republic of China, which is distinguished by the specifics used by the author. Legislative activity in the PRC as a special procedure reflecting the will of the ruling class and supporting the coercive one. The concept of “law” today includes the activities in China of central and local authorities, individual administrative bodies for the adoption of bodies, decrees, administrative acts. According to the PRC Constitution, the National People’s Congress (NPC) and its permanent body, the NPC Standing Committee, are the legis

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Meh, Y. V., V. R. Golovko, and D. D. Horobets. "Administrative status of modern subjects of the state security sector." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 5 (November 17, 2023): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.05.130.

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The article is devoted to the study of the administrative status of modern subjects of the security sector in the context of the introduced legal regime of martial law. Legally recognized public institutions empowered in the national security sector were chosen as the object of the study. On the other hand, the administrative status of entities that are not empowered with authority (for example, natural persons - citizens) is uniform and can be specified, for example, at the level of ensuring individual rights of natural persons in the state security sector. It was determined that the sp

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Solt, Frederick. "Electoral Competition, Legislative Pluralism, and Institutional Development: Evidence From Mexico's States." Latin American Research Review 39, no. 1 (2004): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002387910003898x.

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In presidential systems such as those of Latin America, the institutionalization of legislatures as autonomous representative bodies able to constrain executives and check abuses of power is an important aspect of democratization. Drawing on the experiences of Mexico's state governments, this paper seeks to explain differences in legislative institutionalization. It argues that pluralism within the legislature, rather than electoral competition in itself, provides the best explanation for institutionalization. A process-tracing analysis of the state legislature of Michoacán supports this argum

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Vasilyev, Dmitry V. "Sources for Studying Administration Policy of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh Steppe in the 18th Century and in the First Half of the 19th Century from the Archives of Russia and Kazakhstan." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2018): 892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2018-3-892-901.

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The article reviews major groups of sources on the administration policy of the Russian Empire in the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century and in the first half of the 19th century. Acts of law and legislative drafts make up the first group. Materials of the Asian and the Siberian Committees, supreme bodies directly involved in imperial policy-making in the Kazakh steppe, form the second group. Official correspondence (dispatches, official reports, statements, official notes, directions, and letters) of the major regional and central authorities that concern the carrying out the state policy in t

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Esty, Kaisha. "“I Told Him to Let Me Alone, That He Hurt Me”: Black Women and Girls and the Battle over Labor and Sexual Consent in Union-Occupied Territory." Labor 19, no. 1 (2022): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-9475702.

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Abstract During the American Civil War, laboring African American women and girls in Union-occupied territory embarked on their own war over the use of their bodies. As fugitives, “contraband,” and refugees, displaced Black women and girls of liminal status confronted gender violence in conditions that often resembled the systemic sexual violence of slavery. As this article argues, central to this gender violence was the assumption that Black women were always willing to negotiate sex as part of their (nonsexual) labor. The introduction of wartime legislation protecting women from sexual assau

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Al-Hadiqi, Abdul Karim, and Ahmed Al-Sudani. "The Problem of the Distribution of Legislative Jurisdiction between the Federal Parliament and Regional Parliaments: A Comparative Study of the Federal Constitutions of the United States, Canada, Germany, and Spain." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 13, Special Issue 2025 (2025): 493–506. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10306.

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This research paper addresses the problem of the distribution of legislative competence in the federal state between the federal parliament and the regional parliaments in the United States of America, Canada, Germany and Spain. To deconstruct this problem, we first addressed the concepts of the federal state, legislation, the federal parliament and the regional parliaments. After that, we reviewed - within the framework of a comparative study - the legislative competence that the federal parliaments of these countries have over the regional parliaments, highlighting the similarities and diffe

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Nebratenko, Olga O. "Rule Making in Activities of Authorities of Judicial Communities." Court administrator 2 (April 18, 2024): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-3636-2024-2-2-6.

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The bodies of the judicial community enjoy well-deserved authority in society and the professional environment, whose tasks include not only resolving problems related to the administration of justice, but also improving the entire mechanism of the judiciary. The central bodies in which the accumulated practical experience of judicial work is accumulated are the All-Russian Congress of Judges and the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation. The transformation of the mechanism of judicial power is carried out by the federal bodies of the judiciary through the implementation of rule-making c

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Yara, Olena. "Law enforcement bodies of Ukraine." Visegrad Journal on Human Rights, no. 6 (March 14, 2024): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.61345/1339-7915.2023.6.29.

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Based on the analysis of legal acts and different opinions of domestic legal scholars, who in their works investigated the issues of the system of law enforcement agencies of the state, determined the prospects for improving the activities of law enforcement agencies, it was established that law enforcement agencies of Ukraine occupy a central place in protecting the rights and freedoms of citizens, ensuring public security and law and order, protection and protection of the state border, protection of the interests of society and the state, and, if necessary, measures of state coercion are ap

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CARRUBBA, CLIFFORD J., MATTHEW GABEL, and CHARLES HANKLA. "Judicial Behavior under Political Constraints: Evidence from the European Court of Justice." American Political Science Review 102, no. 4 (2008): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055408080350.

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The actual impact of judicial decisions often depends on the behavior of executive and legislative bodies that implement the rulings. Consequently, when a court hears a case involving the interests of those controlling the executive and legislative institutions, those interests can threaten to obstruct the court's intended outcome. In this paper, we evaluate whether and to what extent such constraints shape judicial rulings. Specifically, we examine how threats of noncompliance and legislative override influence decisions by the European Court of Justice (ECJ). Based on a statistical analysis

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Al-Zyoud, Khlaif. "The Legislative Guarantees for the Sufficiency of the House of Representatives in the Presidential and Parliamentary Systems' Formation “Jordan and The United States as a Model”." Political Sciences and Law Series 3, no. 2 (2024): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.59759/law.v3i2.596.

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This study indicates the importance of forming an elected council through a fair election and ensuring its composition representing all segments of society. This is achieved through a set of guarantees established by the parliamentary system, whether it is presidential or parliamentary. Therefore, the problem addressed in this study revolves around the sufficiency of legislative guarantees related to the formation of elected councils in presidential and parliamentary systems. As a result, this study examined the legislative guarantees for the effectiveness of the House of Representatives' form

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Arestova, Ekaterina, and Andrey Borbat. "Problems of Initiating Criminal Cases on Market Manipulation and Misuse of Insider Information." Russian Journal of Criminology 16, no. 3 (2022): 384–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2022.16(3).384-391.

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The authors analyze the grounds for initiating criminal cases on market manipulation and misuse of insider information, as well as the specific features of preliminary verification of reports on the abovementioned crimes by the bodies of preliminary investigation. The Bank of Russia, which uncovers the cases of legislative violations in the sphere of economics, experiences difficulties in stopping the actions of unscrupulous persons due to legal and organizational problems arising after turning to the law enforcement bodies. Although there is a certain legislative basis for cooperation between

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Bezuglya, Anna A., Radmila E. Arutyunyan, Elena E. Kolpakova, Saidakhmed I. Mutsalov, and Pavel A. C. Ngatheyo. "Functional interaction between public bodies." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S3 (2021): 918–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns3.1666.

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This paper examines the constitutional approaches accepted in the Central African countries regarding the formalization of interaction between the chambers of parliaments. The study found that all constitutional texts of the considered group of countries as a universal (typical) form of interaction between the chambers of parliament consolidate the adoption of legislative acts; joint meetings (on the taking of their oath by the heads of states or members of the Constitutional Court, making a decision on the introduction of a state of emergency or siege in the country, dismissing the head of st

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Junusbekova, G., M. Kadyrova, A. Zholdybalina, and Zh Baizhomartova. "ACTUAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF STATE BODIES IN THE DIRECTION OF "PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT"." Kazakhstan-Spectrum 106, no. 2 (2023): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52536/2415-8216.2023-2.03.

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In Kazakhstan, the main approaches to ensuring the effective functioning of state bodies are defined at the legislative level. As well as a methodology has been developed that emphasizes the importance of conducting objective assessments to evaluate the impact of central state bodies and local executive bodies in regions, cities of republican significance, and the capital on the country's economic and social development. This methodology includes analyzing the performance indicators and achievements of the state bodies. The assessment enables the identification of both positive and negative tr

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Oyague, Eduardo. "Peatlands of the Central Andes Puna, South America." Wetland Science & Practice 37, no. 4 (2020): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/ucrt083-204.

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The Andean puna is the highest elevation mountain and plateau region in the western hemisphere, extending from northern Peru to central Chile and Argentina, with vast areas above 4,250 m elevation. The Atacama Desert on the western side of the Andes is the world’s most arid region, and this aridity extends across the mountains. The upland vegetation is mostly continuous in the more humid north but becomes more and more patchy and barren composed only of bunch grasses in the central and southern region. Extensive upland talus, moraines, and colluvial deposits of the mountains produces perennial

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Barabash, N. V. "The first women-deputies in the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR of the first convocation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 66, no. 4 (2021): 418–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2021-66-4-418-424.

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The article, based on the introduction into scientific field a wide range of unknown sources, first shows the holding of elections and the election of deputies to the Supreme Soviet of the BSSR of the first convocation of 1938. The author considers the legal basis for theof the Central Executive Committee of the BSSR and the creation in accordance with the Constitution of the BSSR 1937 the highest legislative body of the republic – the Supreme Soviet. The author examines the policy of the Soviet government to include women to government and government bodies. A quantitative, social, educationa

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Nyane, Hoolo, and Mamello Rakolobe. "Women’s representation in Lesotho’s legislative bodies. A Politico-Legal Analysis of the Effectiveness of Electoral Gender Quotas." Journal of African Elections 20, no. 2 (2021): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2021/v20i2a5.

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Women are under-represented in legislative bodies in the majority of countries, and Lesotho is no exception to this worldwide trend. In an attempt to address this problem, the country has adopted, through electoral laws, electoral gender quota systems for both local and national legislative structures. The country has introduced a 30% gender quota requirement for election to the local councils at the local level. At the national level, it introduced a ‘zebra list’ – the condition that when political parties submit lists for the purposes of 40 proportional representation (PR) seats in the Natio

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Nyane, Hoolo, and Mamello Rakolobe. "Women’s representation in Lesotho’s legislative bodies. A Politico-Legal Analysis of the Effectiveness of Electoral Gender Quotas." Journal of African Elections 20, no. 2 (2021): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2021/v20i2a5.

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Women are under-represented in legislative bodies in the majority of countries, and Lesotho is no exception to this worldwide trend. In an attempt to address this problem, the country has adopted, through electoral laws, electoral gender quota systems for both local and national legislative structures. The country has introduced a 30% gender quota requirement for election to the local councils at the local level. At the national level, it introduced a ‘zebra list’ – the condition that when political parties submit lists for the purposes of 40 proportional representation (PR) seats in the Natio

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Nyane, Hoolo, and Mamello Rakolobe. "Women’s representation in Lesotho’s legislative bodies. A Politico-Legal Analysis of the Effectiveness of Electoral Gender Quotas." Journal of African Elections 20, no. 2 (2021): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20940/jae/2021/v20i2a5.

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Women are under-represented in legislative bodies in the majority of countries, and Lesotho is no exception to this worldwide trend. In an attempt to address this problem, the country has adopted, through electoral laws, electoral gender quota systems for both local and national legislative structures. The country has introduced a 30% gender quota requirement for election to the local councils at the local level. At the national level, it introduced a ‘zebra list’ – the condition that when political parties submit lists for the purposes of 40 proportional representation (PR) seats in the Natio

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LEONTIEVA, Lina. "Legislative changes in conduct of financial control by state authorities during the war." Economics. Finances. Law 11/3, no. - (2022): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2022.11(3).6.

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The paper provides a legal description of financial control (with regard to the activities of state bodies) as one of the means and methods of the state's controlling influence on the activities of the public sector in relation to subjects involved in various sectors of the economy. The problematic legal issues that arose during the introduction of martial law in Ukraine regarding the exercise of control over business entities are considered. The most effective means, measures and legislative acts adopted after February 24, 2022 are considered. The state of war made it possible to understand t

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Juraeva, Asal. "New era of administrative reforms in Central Asia – a brief overview." osteuropa recht 70, no. 1 (2024): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2024-1-79.

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The article discusses the current state of the administrative legislation of Central Asian countries. It should be mentioned that the laws on administrative procedures of Central Asian countries are a new generation of legislation and comply with international standards. The adoption of laws on administrative procedures has marked an important milestone in the history of administrative reforms in Central Asian countries. They became a key legislative decision in changing the paradigm of public administration, creating a new administrative environment for citizens and businesses based on the pr

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Grivell, Lynette. "Fantastic Bodies. The Body as a Tool of Social Criticism in Two Fantastic Short." Brumal. Revista de investigación sobre lo Fantástico 12, no. 2 (2024): 345–65. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/brumal.1007.

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One of the characteristics of the Fantastic is its subversive nature when dealing with contemporary social issues and taboo subjects, which is particularly noticeable in narratives written by women. This comparative analysis of short stories by two women writers from Central America —«Manual de hijo muerto» by Claudia Hernández (El Salvador) and «Para elegir la muerte» by María Eugenia Ramos (Honduras)— will discuss how women use narratives of violation of the body as a tool of social and cultural criticism against the authorities and the patriarchy. Framing the discussion within the field of

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Romanov, Maksim Leonidovich. "Federal government bodies with special status and their public-power characteristics." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2022, no. 2 (2022): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2022-2-79-88.

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The article highlights the current state of the federal state bodies with a special status in domestic constitutionalism and administrative law. The key theoretical approaches to the definition of the essence and system (list) of these bodies are analyzed, the achievement of scientific unity in recognizing their specific position or special role in the mechanism of the Russian state is noted. The main differences between bodies with a special status and other state bodies, including public authorities, are identified and described. In addition, the feature of the constitutional legitimization

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Панов, А. А. "Legislative restrictions preventing the growth of living standards in the Russian Federation." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 5(130) (June 25, 2021): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.130.5.048.

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В статье рассматривается современное состояние законодательного регулирования деятельности Центрального Банка РФ и вытекающее из этого влияние деятельности Банка России на уровень жизни населения Российской Федерации. В статье показано, что ЦБ РФ, представляющий собой независимый от государственных органов РФ публично-правовой институт, имеющий исключительное право эмиссии, не реализует в качестве целей своей деятельности рост уровня жизни населения страны. The article examines the current state of legislative regulation of the activities of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation and the r

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Pligin, Yu V., and N. I. Zheleznyak. "Spread of Ponto-Caspian Macro-Invertebrates along the European Invasion Corridors: Preconditions, Consequences, Prospects." Hydrobiological Journal 60, no. 2 (2024): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v60.i2.20.

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The preconditions, consequences and prospects of the Ponto-Caspian macroinvertebrates spread along the European invasive corridors westward and northward to Europe and North America are analyzed. During the XIX-XX century, the Ponto-Caspian invertebrates actively invaded the water bodies of the Western Europe via the Central (Dnieper) corridor. The appearance of species of the families Dreissenidae, Gammaridae, Corophiidae in the inland waters of North America is associated with the long-term functioning of the Southern "Ponto-American" invasion corridor.

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Caserta, Salvatore, and Pola Cebulak. "The limits of international adjudication: authority and resistance of regional economic courts in times of crisis." International Journal of Law in Context 14, no. 2 (2018): 275–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552318000071.

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AbstractThe paper compares the involvement of four regional economic courts in legal disputes mirroring constitutional, political and social crises at national or regional levels. These four judicial bodies of the EU, the Andean Community, the East African Community and the Central American Integration System have all faced varied forms of resistance to their involvement and their general authority. By comparing these four case-studies from across the globe, the paper identifies institutional and contextual factors that explain the uneven resistance. While the regional economic courts in Centr

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Díreš, Marián. "ANALYSIS OF LOGISTIC PROVISION OF REVISIONS FOR CENTRAL STATE ADMINISTRATION BODIES." Acta logistica 8, no. 2 (2021): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v8i2.227.

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The implementation of information system modules in the conditions of state administration requires extensive project solutions. It differs from the implementation in the enterprise environment mainly by the nature of meeting the legislative conditions. Each implementation project is individual, and when designing its creation, it is necessary to take into account the content of an individual organizational components of the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic. This contribution aims to define the basic communication requirements that are placed on the information system for the op

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Ivankov, Igor A. "Legislative Regulation of the Activities of Intelligence-Gathering Units of the Penal System in Ensuring the Execution of Punishment." Penitentiary science 15, no. 3 (2021): 642–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2686-9764-2021-15-3-642-649.

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Introduction: the article analyzes legislative norms regulating the activities of operational units of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Aim: by analyzing the norms of the current intelligence-gathering, penal enforcement and criminal-procedural legislation, to put forward proposals for introducing amendments to certain norms so as to improve the effectiveness of legal regulation of the activities of operational units of the penal system. Methods: comparative legal method, empirical methods of description and interpretation, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Privat

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Lens, Vicki, and Samantha Kanelstein. "Mapping Immigration Policy at the Southern Border: An Administrative and Judicial Analysis." Administration & Society 53, no. 6 (2021): 817–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399721991123.

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Presidents are increasingly relying on a mode of governing—presidentialism—that produces radical shifts in public policy through the administrative state, rather than through Congress. Most recently, using the tools of the administrative state rather than legislative action, the Trump Administration has reinterpreted the laws governing asylum, especially as to citizens from Central America seeking refuge from violence and dire poverty. Through a legal analysis of the judiciary’s response to these reforms, this article examines the limits and constraints of presidential administrative power.

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Kulyk, Ya I., and S. V. Zlyvko. "PROBLEMS OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE MINISTRY OF YOUTH AND SPORT OF UKRAINE." Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2022, no. 1 (2022): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2022.01.030.

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The scientific article is devoted to studying the peculiarities of the evolution and transformation of the administrative and legal status of the Ministry of Youth and Sport of Ukraine. In particular, special attention in the article is payed to the administrative and legal status of central executive bodies, which were responsible for the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of youth, physical culture and sport during the period of Ukraine’s independence. The scientific article notes that within thirty years after the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence, the system of

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Best, Rebecca H., Sarah Shair-Rosenfield, and Reed M. Wood. "Legislative Gender Diversity and the Resolution of Civil Conflict." Political Research Quarterly 72, no. 1 (2018): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912918785459.

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Policy makers and scholars have shown increased interest in gendered approaches to peacemaking, even as evidence of women’s impact on peace processes has remained unclear. In this paper, we explore the influence of gender diversity among decision-making elites on the outcome of ongoing civil conflicts. Specifically, we argue that increased female representation within the national legislature increases the likelihood that a conflict terminates in a negotiated settlement. However, the impact of legislative female representation on conflict termination is conditioned by the power of the legislat

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Deng, Pan. "Decentralization, Systematization and Coordination in the Legislation Process in China: How does a Project Become a Law?" Sinología hispánica. China Studies Review 6, no. 1 (2018): 53–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/sin.v6i1.5488.

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This paper examines the allocation of the legislative authority of the People’s Republic of China between the central and local bodies. Given that the special administrative region system is the most characteristic, both in China and globally, a part is retained for the legislation of Hong Kong and Macao. Next, the paper analyzes the hierarchy of legal norms and the method to resolve conflicts between legal norms. Finally, the registration system is discussed to avoid contravention between the lower level law and the higher level, also, the possibility of cancellation is mentioned.

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Hohmann, Balázs. "Possibilities for Modernization of Conciliation Board Procedures in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe - Online Dispute Resolution and Electronic Communication." European Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/554xup42d.

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Conciliation bodies are the main European forums for alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes, providing an institutionalized opportunity to remedy consumer infringement cases quickly, cheaply and efficiently. The institution has excellent dispute resolution efficiency not only in Hungary, but also at the international level, which greatly contributes to the enforcement of the consumer protection legislation of the countries concerned. The scientific examination of the work of the bodies and the legislation related to them, the number of domestic and international scientific works

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Khames ( Ph.D), Haydar Shaker. "John Caldwell Calhoun and his political role in United States of America (1782-1850)." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 217, no. 1 (2018): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v217i1.557.

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This research deals with the political role of one of the pioneers of American policy in the nineteenth century, John Caldwell Calhoun, and his ideas and philosophy in addressing the central issues in the domestic and foreign policy of the United States of America by virtue of the important sites that filled namely: Member of the Legislative Council of the State of South Carolina between 1807-1811 , a member of the House of Representatives between 1811-1817, Secretary of the Treasury between 1817 - 1825, Vice President between 1825-1832, a member of the Senate between 1833-1850, Foreign Minist

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Mamedov, Zaur Imalverdi oglu. "The soviet school system in Central Intelligence Agency estimates at the initial stage of the Cold War." Samara Journal of Science 9, no. 1 (2020): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202091212.

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The paper is devoted to the analysis by the Central Intelligence Agency of the USSR school system. The US was in dire need of information about its new adversary. The situation was aggravated by the closed nature of the Soviet state and the absence of a long continuous tradition of intelligence activities of American intelligence. The president and other government bodies wanted to have comprehensive knowledge of any processes and phenomena in the world. US intelligence should have been able to solve this problem. In this regard, the first stage of the Cold War for the CIA was largely due to a

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Squires, Richard L., and Michael P. Gring. "Late Eocene chemosynthetic? bivalves from suspect cold seeps, Wagonwheel Mountain, central California." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 1 (1996): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000023118.

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An anomalous pair of small, isolated calcareous sandstone bodies in the middle member of the upper Eocene Wagonwheel Formation, Wagonwheel Mountain, of the San Joaquin Valley, California, contain numerous articulated specimens of soft-bottom-dwelling bivalves. The lucinid bivalve Epilucina washingtoniana (Clark, 1925) dominates the fauna, which also sparingly contains the thyasirid bivalve Conchocele bisecta (Conrad, 1849) and the vesicomyid bivalve Vesicomya (Vesicomya) aff. V. (V.) tschudi Olsson, 1931.The fossils in the pair of calcareous sandstone bodies, which are surrounded by deep-water

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Mestre, Yessica. "The Human Rights Situation of Intersex People: An Analysis of Europe and Latin America." Social Sciences 11, no. 7 (2022): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11070317.

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Today, intersex people of Europe and Latin America are subjected to different degrees of invisibility and discrimination for being part of bodily diverse communities. Thus, these experiences have been addressed as violations of intersex human rights. This research intends to explore intersex human rights across Europe and Latin America through a scoping review and legal research, including the review of activist documents. It seeks to study the experiences of violence suffered by intersex people, the role of states in promoting justice, and the possibilities offered by a human rights framework

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Halin, Alexey A., and Ekaterina A. Akimova. "CHANGES IN THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF NIZHNY NOVGOROD REGION IN 1994–2020." Historical Search 5, no. 2 (2024): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2024-5-2-60-68.

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The relevance of studying the evolvement history of state and municipal authorities in modern Russia occupies an increasingly important place in the Russian historical science. At the same time, it should be noted that the historical research approach to the study of the causes and regional features of evolvement and functioning of the legislative bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation is insufficient. At the same time, the relevance of this kind of scientific search is dictated by the use of previous experience in modern management practice. The experience of regional parliaments of

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Bereketeab, Redie. "Re-examining Local Governance in Eritrea: The Redrawing of Administration Regions." African and Asian Studies 11, no. 1-2 (2012): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921012x629312.

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Abstract Abstract The post-independence government of Eritrea introduced Proclamation 86/1996 to redraw the administrative structure of the newly independent territory. The principle behind the redrawing was pronounced to be to serve decentralised governance system where considerable power is devolved to the regions. According to this principle the regions were provided with legislative, executive and judiciary bodies of local governance. Further the regions were also to be divided into sub-regions and village/area units with provisions of legislative, executive and judiciary organs that would

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Lock, Margaret. "Culture, Technology and the New Death: Deadly Disputes in Japan and North America." Culture 17, no. 1-2 (2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1084020ar.

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"Brain death" was institutionalized 25 years ago primarily to make organs "harvested" from brain dead bodies on an artificial ventilator available for transplant. Doubts exist as to whether the donors used in the first heart transplants conducted in South Africa in 1967, and in Japan in 1968, were dead. Reaction to these two experiments was remarkably different. In Japan the surgeon was arrested for murder, a national debate about brain death continues today, and transplants from brain dead bodies have only been made permissible since June 1997. This debate contrasts with that in North America

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ZAKHARKEVYCH, Volodymyr. "The role of executive authorities and local self-government in the sphere of ensuring the energy efficiency." Economics. Finances. Law 8, no. - (2023): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2023.8.5.

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The purpose of the paper is to determine the role of executive power bodies and local self-government bodies in the field of energy efficiency. Disclosure of the specified problem is possible only in the complex, therefore, the analysis was carried out from the standpoint of regulatory and legal support and the socio-economic plane. To achieve the goal, both special and general scientific research methods were used. The paper analyzes the normative and legal framework regarding the specified issue. The performed analysis allows us to state that Ukraine has a fully formed legislative complex fo

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Ibrokhimov, Azimjon. "FIDUCIARY DUTIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CORPORATION AND THEIR APPLICATION IN UZBEKISTAN." Review of Law Sciences 5, no. 4 (2021): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2021.5.4./stdq1959.

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At present, comprehensive reforms are being implemented to improve civil law in our country. This can also be seen in the rules of corporate law. In particular, one of the reforms is related to the fiduciary duties of the managers of the legal entity. In corporate law, the fiduciary duties of the governing body of a legal entity are one of central issues. Proper and effective management of a legal entity is largely determined by the extent to which the fiduciary duties of the governing bodies are regulated and adhered to. Failure to comply with fiduciary duties is also the basis for liability

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Kashchenko, A. S. "Political and Legal Features of the First Constitution of the USSR." Russian Law Online, no. 2 (July 31, 2024): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2542-2472.2024.30.2.027-031.

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The paper carries out a historical and legal analysis of the features of the first Soviet Constitution, adopted by the 2nd Congress of Soviets of the USSR on 21 January 1924. The 1924 Constitution is considered as the fundamental legal document of the new socialist State. The first Constitution of the USSR would become the political and legal foundation for the institutionalization of Soviet government bodies. The author analyzes the chapters of the Constitution of the USSR that regulated the activities of the main political institutions of the legislative, executive and judicial authorities o

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Lehoucq, Fabrice Edouard. "The Institutional Foundations of Democratic Cooperation in Costa Rica." Journal of Latin American Studies 28, no. 2 (1996): 329–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00013031.

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AbstractCosta Rica's long-term standing as one of the few countries in Latin America with a stable democracy has prompted many to view its polity as an inevitable outcome of a racially homogeneous and relatively egalitarian society. Without ignoring the importance of sociological factors, this article contends that institutional arrangements played an equally important – if not more central – role in the development of a stable democratic regime in this country. The structure of Costa Rican presidentialism encouraged incumbents to maintain control of the state while it, as a consequence, incit

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KHOKHYCH, Dmytro. "Independence of central banks: index approach." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2022, no. 5 (2022): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2022.05.086.

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Introduction. Central bank independence in developed economies and emerging countries requires justi?cation of its status and consolidation of responsibility for price stability in its mandate. The status of the central bank is important for impartial monetary policy decision-making. Problem Statement. Consolidation of the central bank’s mandate at the legislative level raises the problem of status quanti?cation, which means a way to quantify the status of macroeconomic policy bodies. This leads to the expansion of the powers of the central bank on the index approach basis , which demonstrates

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Panov, Angelcho, and Agron Rustemi. "Inclusive Governance in Institutional Management of the Water Sector in North Macedonia." SEEU Review 20, no. 1 (2025): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.2478/seeur-2025-0033.

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Abstract This paper examines the legislative and institutional framework for water management in North Macedonia, emphasizing gender and social inclusion. The Law on Waters establishes the legislative basis, with the Government defining river basin districts and adopting the National Strategy and Water Master Plan. The Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MoEPP) oversees water management activities, including granting concessions, adopting river basin management plans, and setting water quality standards. However, the MoEPP’s capacity is insufficient to meet all obligations in line w

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