Journal articles: 'Legitimacy and language'

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Ennser-Kananen, Johanna. "“That German stuff”: Negotiating Linguistic Legitimacy in a Foreign Language Classroom." Journal of Language and Education 4, no. 1 (2018): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2018-4-1-18-30.

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This qualitative case study of one German suburban high school classroom in the Midwestern United States examines how learners of German negotiate their linguistic legitimacy, which is defined as discursively constructed acceptance or validation for their language use. Specifically, it investigates how the students negotiated legitimacy for using their target language German in their classroom. Based on the premise that linguistic legitimacy is crucial for the maintenance and development of speakers’ languages, data was collected and analyzed from classroom recordings, semi-structured interviews, and participant observations. Findings revealed that, while English dominated the lessons as the default legitimate language among the students, using German was accepted and valued under certain circumstances. Such instances of linguistic legitimacy included the use of German for entertainment or in role plays, a pattern which points to the students’ desire to mitigate investment and display “uninvestment” in learning or using German. Implications for foreign language (FL) pedagogy and teacher education are discussed.

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Schatzberg, Michael G. "Power, legitimacy and ‘democratisation’ in Africa." Africa 63, no. 4 (1993): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1161001.

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AbstractThis article explores the cultural bases of political legitimacy in sub-Saharan Africa. It proceeds by concentrating on the language, imagery, and metaphors that Africans use to convey perceptions about politics and political life. After examining the nature of power and reflecting on the importance of political language, it presents four premises of a model called the moral matrix of legitimate governance, noting their relation to political legitimacy. In conclusion it relates the analysis of power and legitimacy to the political turmoil current throughout much of Africa, focusing specifically on the question of ‘democratisation’.

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Reagan, Timothy. "The Conceptualization of Language Legitimacy." Critical Inquiry in Language Studies 13, no. 1 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427587.2015.1116950.

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Ogura, Satoshi. "In This Corner of the Entangled Cosmopolises: Political Legitimacies in the Multilingual Society of Sultanate and Early Mughal Kashmir." Journal of Persianate Studies 12, no. 2 (2020): 237–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18747167-12341338.

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Abstract This essay explores the forms of political legitimacy claimed by Muslim sultans and received by their Muslim and non-Muslim subjects in sultanate and early Mughal Kashmir. The establishment of the Shahmirid sultanate in 1339 marked the beginning of a new multilingual situation where Sanskrit and Persian were both used as official languages. In such a situation, presentation of the Shahmirids’ political legitimacy took different forms depending on the language in which it was made. Shahmirid sultans declared their Indic legitimacy in Sanskrit and Islamic legitimacy in Persian. A polyglot chose the Indic legitimacy to praise the contemporary sultan in his Sanskrit writing with full knowledge of the Islamic legitimacy claimed by the same sultan. In such a situation, a ruler’s action that was deeply linked with his claim of legitimacy, e.g., Akbar’s sun-veneration could be interpreted differently by the observers depending on the language used to express their interpretations.

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Berthele, Raphael. "Demography vs. Legitimacy: Current Issues in Swiss Language Policy." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 48 (June 28, 2016): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2016.419.

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This paper discusses current language policy debates on national and immigrated lang ages in Switzerland. Problems with the principle of territoriality, which represents a locally monolingual regime in an officially quadrilingual country, and other issues related to the legal status of languages are discussed. The proportional representation of the national minorities and the use of their languages in particular contexts such as the federal administration or the army is discussed, as well as the current debate on which foreign languages should be given priority in compulsory primary education. Drawing on language ideology research, the contribution shows how specific aspects of linguistic diversity are focused and addressed in particular contexts (e.g. national languages, standard languages), whereas others are backgrounded, denied legitimacy or simply erased (e.g. immigrated languages, dialects). The discussion addresses also the demographic weight of the languages and varieties in Switzerland as well as in the world and uses census data to illustrate the stability and changes regarding the official and immigrated languages across time.

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McDermott, Philip. "From ridicule to legitimacy? ‘Contested languages’ and devolved language planning." Current Issues in Language Planning 20, no. 2 (2018): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2018.1468961.

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Hammons, Stacy A. "“Family Violence”: The Language of Legitimacy." Affilia 19, no. 3 (2004): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109904265805.

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Freynet, Nathalie, and Richard Clément. "Perceived Accent Discrimination: Psychosocial Consequences and Perceived Legitimacy." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 38, no. 4 (2019): 496–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x19865775.

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Prior research has documented that nonstandard ways of speaking can be subject to discrimination, and that nonstandard speakers are aware of the biases toward their accents. However, few studies have investigated the consequences of this for the stigmatized speaker. The objectives of this study are to explore how perceived legitimacy of discrimination moderates the relationship between perceived accent discrimination and the following two variables: (a) situated francophone identity and (b) French language confidence. Participants were nonnative ( n = 113) and native ( n = 225) speakers of French who completed questionnaires assessing the above constructs. Moderated regression analyses revealed that language discrimination is significantly and negatively related to language confidence. For native speakers from a high vitality region, legitimacy was found to moderate the relation between language discrimination and identity. When discrimination was perceived to be less legitimate, the relation between perceived discrimination and situated identity was positive.

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Fossen, Thomas. "Language and legitimacy: Is pragmatist political theory fallacious?" European Journal of Political Theory 18, no. 2 (2017): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885117699977.

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Eva Erman and Niklas Möller have recently criticised a range of political theorists for committing a pragmatistic fallacy, illicitly drawing normative conclusions from politically neutral ideas about language. This paper examines their critique with respect to one of their primary targets: the pragmatist approach to political legitimacy that I proposed in earlier work, which draws on Robert Brandom’s theory of language. I argue that the charge relies on a misrepresentation of the role of pragmatist ideas about language in my analysis of legitimacy. Pragmatism’s significance for thinking about political legitimacy does not lie in the normative conclusions it justifies but in the way it reorients our thinking towards political practice. This raises the deeper question of what we are to expect from a theory of legitimacy. I argue that Erman and Möller presuppose a widely held but unduly restrictive conception of what a normative theory of legitimacy consists in and that pragmatism can broaden the scope of enquiry: a theory of legitimacy should not focus narrowly on the content and justification of criteria, but more fundamentally aim to explicate the forms of political activity in which such criteria are at stake.

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Takeuchi, Jae DiBello. "Our Language—Linguistic Ideologies and Japanese Dialect Use in L1/L2 Interaction." Japanese Language and Literature 54, no. 2 (2020): 167–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jll.2020.146.

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This study uses conversation data and ethnographic interviews to examine the role of meta-talk in speaker legitimacy for L2 Japanese speakers. Autoethnographic analysis of conversation data demonstrates how an L2 speaker is co-constructed (jointly positioned) as a (non)legitimate speaker of Japanese Dialect. The researcher, an L2 Japanese speaker, recorded Japanese conversations with L1 interlocutors, namely, her L1 Japanese spouse and in-laws. Two contrasting cases of L2 Japanese Dialect use are examined. In the first case, L1 interlocutors respond to the L2 speaker’s dialect with meta-talk about “our language,” co-constructing the L2 speaker as a non-legitimate dialect user. In the second case, the L2 speaker’s dialect use is affirmed when the L1 interlocutor uses similar dialect; no meta-talk occurs. The conversation data is supplemented with ethnographic interview data which underscores the prevalence of meta-talk. Meta-talk reveals speakers’ beliefs about legitimate speakerhood in which “our language” does not include L2 speakers. Conversely, the absence of meta-talk affirms the L2 speaker’s dialect use and depicts dialect as a shared form of “our language.” This study contributes to understanding linguistic ideologies, demonstrates how language ownership and speaker legitimacy manifest in Japanese interactions, and adds to research examining Japanese Dialect use by L2 speakers.

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Willis, Guillermo B., and Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón. "When Subordinates Think of their Ideals: Power, Legitimacy and Regulatory Focus." Spanish journal of psychology 13, no. 2 (2010): 777–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600002432.

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Power influences the way people set and pursue their goals. Recent Studies have shown that powerful people, when compared with powerless individuals, have greater accessibility of their promotion goals (for instance, their ideals, their aspirations, etc.). In the current research we aim to explore the moderating role of power's legitimacy in such effect. In Study 1, after manipulating power and legitimacy, the accessibility of ideals was measured. Results showed that in the legitimate condition, the powerful, compared to the powerless people, showed greater accessibility of their ideals. However, in the illegitimate condition the opposite was true. In Study 2, the accessibility of a different type of goal: oughts, was explored. Results showed that the illegitimate powerholders, when compared with legitimate ones, had their oughts more accessible. The importance of these results is discussed in line with recent theorizing within social psychology of power.

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Smith, Neil, Gordon L. Clark, and Michael Dear. "State Apparatus. Structures and Language of Legitimacy." Economic Geography 61, no. 3 (1985): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/143568.

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Crowley, Archie. "Language ideologies and legitimacy among nonbinary YouTubers." Journal of Language and Sexuality 11, no. 2 (2022): 165–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jls.20021.cro.

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Abstract This paper explores how ten nonbinary North American YouTubers appeal to legitimizing discourses (van Leeuwen & Wodak 1999) as rationalizations for their choices regarding identity labels and pronouns. Given the local cultural salience of the implications of their language choices, the YouTubers rationalize their terminological choices through legitimizing discourses that prioritize historical facts, lexical definitions, and personal feelings. I examine how these discourses presuppose particular language ideologies, or implicit assumptions about what language users view as “appropriate” language practices. In the case of the nonbinary YouTubers, I illustrate that the vloggers’ legitimizing discourses appeal to and juxtapose a referentialist ideology (Hill 2008, Silverstein 1979), according to which words should describe the world truthfully, and an ideology of self-identification (Zimman 2019), which prioritizes individual agency. Crucially, deploying these legitimizing discourses is an important strategy that nonbinary YouTubers draw on as part of their advocacy and education projects.

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Bell, Duncan S. A. "Language, Legitimacy, and the Project of Critique." Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 27, no. 3 (2002): 327–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030437540202700303.

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Peter, Lizette. "Language ideologies and Cherokee revitalization." Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 2, no. 1 (2014): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jicb.2.1.05pet.

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Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma has enacted a revitalization plan to promote Cherokee language in a variety of settings, and many tribal citizens have begun to confront how language factors into their identities as Cherokees. In particular, Tsalagi Dideloquasdi, the Cherokee immersion school, has become an important sociolinguistic site for the articulation of deeply seated beliefs and attitudes about issues such as the practicality of the language in contemporary times and who has a legitimate right to learn and speak the language. The purpose of this paper is to elucidate these attitudes and beliefs as well as the ideologies that inform them. Assuming a critical ethnographic stance, I examine the hegemonic discourses and structures that have led to the loss of Cherokee over generations as well as to three ideologies — impracticality, legitimacy, and hope — that influence the current efforts of the immersion school stakeholders.

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Smith, Patriann. "“How Does a Black Person Speak English?” Beyond American Language Norms." American Educational Research Journal 57, no. 1 (2019): 106–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831219850760.

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This study draws from World Englishes and a raciolinguistic perspective to examine how seven Black educators used standardized Englishes after their migration to the United States. Findings reflected sources of English (il)legitimacy to which educators were subjected based on negative reactions to their accents, race, communication, and vocabulary. In turn, cultural incongruence and confusion led educators to (re)claim their English legitimacy and to leverage pedagogical approaches regarding tone, expectation, delivery, and linguistic content and context. Through metalinguistic, metaracial, and metacultural understanding, educators reflected ‘a transraciolinguistic approach,’ (re)establishing legitimacy of their standardized Englishes as Black speakers in the U.S. academy. Implications for addressing challenges to the legitimacy of certain standardized Englishes used by racialized speakers in the academy are discussed.

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Ceci, Christine, Lori Houger Limacher, and Deborah L. McLeod. "Language and Power: Ascribing Legitimacy to Interpretive Research." Qualitative Health Research 12, no. 5 (2002): 713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104973202129120106.

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Harbisher, Ben. "The Million Mask March: Language, legitimacy, and dissent." Critical Discourse Studies 13, no. 3 (2016): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2016.1141696.

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Troy, Jodok. "Legitimacy in the ‘secular church’ of the United Nations." International Relations 34, no. 4 (2020): 565–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117820904094.

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This article argues that how the United Nations (UN) conceptualizes legitimacy is not only a matter of legalism or power politics. The UN’s conception of legitimacy also utilizes concepts, language and symbolism from the religious realm. Understanding the entanglement between political and religious concepts and the ways of their verbalization at the agential level sheds light on how legitimacy became to be acknowledged as an integral part of the UN and how it changes. At the constitutional level, the article examines phrases and ‘verbal symbols’, enshrined in the Charter of the ‘secular church’ UN. They evoke intrinsic legitimacy claims based on religious concepts and discourse such as hope and salvation. At the agential level, the article illustrates how the Secretary-General verbalizes those abstract constitutional principles of legitimacy. Religious language and symbolism in the constitutional framework and agential practice of the UN does not necessarily produce an exclusive form of legitimacy. This article shows, however, that legitimacy as nested in the UN’s constitutional setting cannot exist without religious templates because they remain a matter of a ‘cultural frame’.

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Jourdan, Christine, and Johanne Angeli. "Pijin and shifting language ideologies in urban Solomon Islands." Language in Society 43, no. 3 (2014): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404514000190.

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AbstractThrough the analysis of the various language ideologies that have shaped the sociolinguistic history of Pijin, the lingua franca of Solomon Islands, this article attempts to shed light on the peculiar complexity of the postcolonial linguistic situations where more prestigious and less prestigious languages coexist in the same sociological niche. These ideologies are: reciprocal multilingualism, hierarchical multilingualism, linguistic pragmatism, and linguistic nationalism. Specifically, the article focuses on the development and coalescence of linguistic ideologies that lead Pijin speakers to shift perceptions of Pijin—in a context of urban identity construction that acts as a force of its own. In the case of Pijin, linguistic legitimacy seems to be lagging behind social legitimacy. We show that the development of new ideologies can lead to the re-evaluation of the meaning of symbolic domination of one language (in this case English) over another one (Pijin), without necessarily challenging this symbolic domination. (Language ideology, youth, urbanization, pidgins and creoles, Solomon Islands)*

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SHEAFER, TAMIR. "Charismatic Skill and Media Legitimacy." Communication Research 28, no. 6 (2001): 711–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009365001028006001.

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Baer, Brian James. "The Struggle for Legitimacy." MLN 138, no. 5 (2023): 1549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mln.2023.a922039.

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Karatsareas, Petros. "Linguistic (il)legitimacy in Migration Encounters." Languages 6, no. 2 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages6020066.

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Linguistic differences between groups of co-ethnic and/or co-national migrants in diasporic contexts can become grounds for constructing and displaying identities that distinguish (groups of) migrants on the basis of differences in the sociohistorical circumstances of migration (provenance, time of migration) and/or social factors such as class, socioeconomic status, or level of education. In this article, I explore how language became a source of ideological conflict between Greek Cypriot and Greek migrants in the context of a complementary school in north London. Analysing a set of semi-structured interviews with teachers, which were undertaken in 2018 as part of an ethnographically oriented project on language ideologies in Greek complementary schools, I show that Greek pupils and parents, who had migrated to the UK after 2010 pushed by the government-debt crisis in Greece, positioned themselves as linguistic authorities and developed discourses that delegitimised the multilingual and multidialectal practices of Greek Cypriot migrants. Their interventions centred around the use of Cypriot Greek and English features, drawn from the linguistic resources that did not conform with the expectations that “new” Greek migrants held about complementary schools and which were based on strictly monolingual and monodialectal language ideologies. To these, teachers responded with counter-discourses that re-valued contested practices as products of different linguistic repertoires that were shaped by different life courses and trajectories of linguistic resources acquisition.

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Wang, Yongqi. "The Legitimacy of Chinese Outward Investment in English News — A Cognitive Approach to Discursive Legitimation." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 5 (2020): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1005.09.

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Chinese Investment Oversea often face legitimacy crisis, and media plays a central role in staging legitimacy struggle. This research attempts to apply Proximization theory and the construals of Cognitive Linguistics to account for the discursive legitimation process in business discourse. The comparative analysis of two reports on a case of Chinese investment in America has shown how different discursive strategies can construe distinct conceptualizations of the same event, influencing the judgment among readership on the legitimacy of the deal. The analysis of this study shows that drawing on the construals of Cognitive Linguistics, the application of Proximization theory can be extended to legitimacy discourse in wider social domains.

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Derivry-Plard, Martine. "Symbolic power and the native/non-native dichotomy: Towards a new professional legitimacy." Applied Linguistics Review 7, no. 4 (2016): 431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2016-0019.

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AbstractBased on the research literature of the “native/non-native” distinction and on Bourdieu’s notion of field and social action, this paper proposes to use the specific case of foreign language (FL) teaching in the French educational system to conceptualize the FL teaching field as a highly contested space where unequal actors vie for symbolic power and influence. The FL teaching field is organised into two large spaces: one representing state school educational systems, the other representing private language schools. Symbolic power and teaching legitimacies have been jointly constructed giving more power and legitimacy to non-native teachers in state school settings, and more power and legitimacy to native teachers in private language schools. Universities occupy a middle position between the educational settings of the national education systems and the private settings of language schools: the teaching of language to future specialists is still in the hands of non-native speaker teachers whereas the teaching of language to non-language specialists seems more open to native speaker teachers. The “native/non-native” opposition that linguists thought to be relevant linguistically might no longer be a linguistic concept (Paikeday 1985; Davies 1991; Rampton 1990; Cook 1999; Muni Toke 2013), but, as a social construct, this opposition is still very much alive. It serves to design language policies within which actors-teachers of foreign and second languages confront one another. Due to the global deregulation of educational settings, language actors-teachers are therefore put into a highly competitive market: both native and non-native language teachers struggle to be recognized, and essentialist or even racist attitudes have developed into what Holliday (2006) calls “nativespeakerism”. Understanding the structure of the language teaching field worldwide makes it possible to clarify the power struggle and symbolic violence within the field, whose goals and values are paradoxically aimed at mutual understanding through language teaching and cultural mediation – and even more so in the age of multilingualism.

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Derdowska, Joanna. "Prowokacja czy metoda? O przekładzie literackim na język nierodzimy na tle poezji semantycznej Stefana Themersona / Provocation or Method? On Literary Translation into a Non-native Language against the Backdrop of Stefan Themerson’s Semantic Poetry." Przekłady Literatur Słowiańskich 9, no. 2 (2019): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pls.2019.09.02.11.

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This article attempts to give literary translations into non-native languages not only permission and acceptance but justification and theoretical legitimacy. While referring to Stefan Themerson’s postulates of semantic poetry, it explores his philosophy of language to focus on the possible independence of the translator.

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Taylor, Peter J. "Book Review: State Apparatus: Structures and Language of Legitimacy." Progress in Human Geography 9, no. 3 (1985): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913258500900318.

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O'Rourke, Bernadette, and Fernando Ramallo. "Competing ideologies of linguistic authority amongst new speakers in contemporary Galicia." Language in Society 42, no. 3 (2013): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404513000249.

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AbstractWhile in many indigenous minority-language situations traditional native speaker communities are in decline, new speakers are emerging in the context of revitalization policies. Such policies, however, can have unforeseen consequences and lead to tensions between newcomers and existing speakers over questions of ownership, legitimacy, and authenticity. This article examines these tensions in the case of Galician in northwestern Spain, where “new speakers” have emerged in the context of revitalization policies since the 1980s. The subsequent spread of the language outside traditional Galician strongholds and into what were predominantly Spanish spaces complicates the traditional ideology about sociolinguistic authenticity and ownership and raises questions about who are the legitimate speakers of Galician, who has authority, and the potential tensions that such questions generate. To illustrate the tensions and paradoxes thatnewandnativespeakers face in this postrevitalization context, we draw on three discussion groups consisting of sixteen young Galicians. (New speakers, authority, authenticity, minority languages, Galician)*

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Chen, Cheng, and Le Cheng. "Linguistic legitimacy and social justice." Language and Intercultural Communication 19, no. 6 (2019): 570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2019.1645666.

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Frekko, Susan E. "Legitimacy and social class in Catalan language education for adults." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 16, no. 2 (2013): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2012.720666.

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Karrebæk, Martha Sif, Andreas Stæhr, and Piia Varis. "Punjabi at heart: Language, legitimacy, and authenticity on social media." Discourse, Context & Media 8 (June 2015): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcm.2015.05.007.

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Takeuchi, Jae DiBello. "Diversity, Inclusivity, and the Importance of L2 Speaker Legitimacy." Japanese Language and Literature 54, no. 2 (2020): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jll.2020.127.

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This commentary builds on the work presented in Mori et al. (this volume) and considers diversity and inclusivity in the context of L2 speaker legitimacy in Japanese-language education. A discussion of linguistic ideologies, native speaker bias, language ownership, and speaker legitimacy is followed by a brief introduction of key research findings which demonstrate the persistence of native speaker bias for L2 speakers of Japanese. I argue that as Japanese-language educators, we must make a commitment to overcoming native speaker bias with regard to each other and especially with regard to our students. I conclude with some suggestions of steps we can take to become models for our students and demonstrate the legitimation of speakers regardless of linguistic background, so that we may begin to eliminate native speaker bias in our profession and in our classrooms.

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Garcia, Núria. "Linguistic Justice for which Demos? The Democratic Legitimacy of Language Regime Choices." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 9, no. 1 (2016): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auseur-2016-0002.

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Abstract In the European Union language regime debate, theorists of multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism have framed their arguments in reference to different theories of justice and democracy. Philippe Van Parijs advocates the diffusion of a lingua franca, namely English, as means of changing the scale of the justificatory community to the European level and allowing the creation of a transnational demos. Paradoxically, one key dimension of democracy has hardly been addressed in this discussion: the question of the democratic legitimacy of language regime choices and citizens’ preferences on the different language regime scenarios. Addressing the question of the congruence of language policy choices operated by national and European elites and ordinary citizens’ preferences, this paper argues first that the dimension of democratic legitimacy is crucial and needs to be taken into account in discussions around linguistic justice. Criticizing the assumption of a direct correspondence between individuals’ language learning choices and citizens’ language regime preferences made by different authors, the analysis shows the ambivalence of citizens’ preferences measured by survey data. The article secondly raises the question of the boundaries of the political community at which the expression of citizens’ preferences should be measured and demonstrates that the outcome and the fairness of territorial linguistic regimes may vary significantly according to the level at which this democratic legitimacy is taken into account.

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Harms, Janelle. "Defining Desire, Dispelling Defiance: Heteronormative Language in English Language Learner’s Dictionaries." Behavioural Sciences Undergraduate Journal 1, no. 1 (2013): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/bsuj55.

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Monolingual learner’s dictionaries (MLDs) strive to use accessible, comprehensive and ostensibly objective language to communicate ideas to those with intermediate to advanced language proficiency. However, it will be argued that MLDs of the English language are not objective, but rather ideological documents in which discursive authority stems from the production of knowledge. In their representations of sex, gender and sexual desires and identities, MLDs venerate reproductive heterosexuality as the correct, normal and ‘natural’ mode of human expression while erasing queer realities and possibilities. As a result, queer English language learners are marginalised as imperfect citizens and are compelled to embody heterosexual culture in both language and behaviour in order to achieve increased legitimacy within the English-speaking nation-state.

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Fink, Simon, Eva Ruffing, Tobias Burst, and Sara Katharina Chinnow. "Less complex language, more participation: how consultation documents shape participatory patterns." Interest Groups & Advocacy 10, no. 3 (2021): 199–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41309-021-00123-2.

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AbstractConsultations are thought to increase the legitimacy of policies. However, this reasoning only holds if stakeholders really participate in the consultations. Current scholarship offers three explanations for participation patterns: Institutional rules, policy characteristics, and interest group resources determine participation. This article argues that additionally the linguistic complexity of consultation documents influences participation. Complex language deters potential participants, because it raises the costs of participation. A quantitative analysis of the German consultation of electricity grids lends credibility to the argument: If the description of a power line is simplified between two consultation rounds, the number of contributions mentioning that power line increases. This result contributes to our understanding of unequal participation patterns, and the institutional design of participatory procedures. If we think that legitimacy is enhanced by broad participation, then language of the documents matters.

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Zamantılı Nayır, Dilek, and Rachel Sheli Shinnar. "How founders establish legitimacy." Social Enterprise Journal 16, no. 3 (2020): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-10-2019-0073.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the ways in which social entrepreneurs use rhetoric to establish legitimacy for themselves and their ventures. This is done by examining interviews with 19 social entrepreneurs in the city of Istanbul, Turkey. Most entrepreneurship studies are rooted in a positivist paradigm, but as there is need for qualitative research in entrepreneurship that allows for an in-depth study of a given phenomenon, the life story method is used as a methodological tool as scholars in rhetoric, technical and professional communication have pointed to narratives as viable sites of study. Design/methodology/approach This study used a linguistic focus on entrepreneurship research, thereby contributing to a growing body of literature and responding to Lounsbury and Glynn’s call for “a more ethnographic approach to entrepreneurial stories” to better understand how entrepreneurs use stories as a mechanism for resource and legitimacy acquisition. Findings This paper sought to identify the ways in which social entrepreneurs establish legitimacy for their ventures among various stakeholders, including investors as well as employees, customers and community members. This study aimed to investigate this particular field because, although there has been a recent growth in social entrepreneurial activity in the context of developing nations, the field is still emerging as an area for academic inquiry. Based on interviews with 19 social entrepreneurs in the city of Istanbul, Turkey, four key rhetorical strategies used to establish the legitimacy of social ventures among various stakeholders are identified. Research limitations/implications This study addresses issues related to entrepreneurship from a rhetorical perspective and helps explain the mechanisms through which entrepreneurial phenomena occur. With only 19 life story interviews acquired mostly through referrals, it is possible that the study did not have access to a sufficiently diverse group of social entrepreneurs. Also, having used a snowball sample, it is possible that isolated members of the community were under-sampled, whereas others who may have more extensive contacts and acquaintances were oversampled. Practical implications This research has implications for practice as well. New venture founders who enter into conversations with stakeholders can use this typology to assess and improve the language they use to claim legitimate distinctiveness. Social implications In addition to its theoretical implications, this research also has normative implications for social entrepreneurs. First, and most generally, findings suggest that social entrepreneurs should approach narrative construction and deployment purposively, not haphazardly. Crafting the narratives used to communicate about the key facets of a social venture to stakeholders is not “just” storytelling; rather, it is an activity that can have significant implications for a social venture’s ability to acquire resources. Second, beyond merely being conscious of narratives, social entrepreneurs also should not underemphasize the importance of being strategic about how they are used to communicate to audiences. In particular, it is important for entrepreneurs to realize that as powerful as their social-good narrative might be, not every audience wants to hear it. Originality/value This study addresses issues related to entrepreneurship from a rhetorical perspective and helps explain the mechanisms through which entrepreneurial phenomena occur. By integrating a rhetorical analysis with reflexive accounts from entrepreneurs, this work directly engages with Downing’s (2005) call to use such an approach to develop an enriched account of the duality of structure and agency in entrepreneurial endeavors. In doing so, it also responds to the call to challenge elite functionalist discourses in entrepreneurship research and put forward a view on entrepreneurial performance that acknowledges the socially dependent and constructed nature of such activity. This research has implications for practice as well. New venture founders who enter into conversations with stakeholders can use this typology to assess and improve the language they use to claim legitimate distinctiveness. The typology may, for example, help entrepreneurs who are preparing a business plan or a pitch for investors.

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Suk, Julie Chi-hye. "Economic Opportunities and the Protection of Minority Languages." Law & Ethics of Human Rights 1, no. 1 (2007): 134–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1938-2545.1004.

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In this Article, Professor Suk defends the moral legitimacy of liberal states legal protection of minority languages. Many opponents of minority language protection have argued or assumed that legal intervention denies individuals the right to choose the majority language and the economic opportunities often attached to the dominant language. This Article argues that such arguments overlook another category of goods that are necessary to individual autonomy: relational resources. Individuals have an interest in maintaining their ancestral languages because doing so is essential to maintaining ones relationship to ones family and community. The relational interest cannot easily be compared with economic opportunities, because these two dimensions of autonomy are incommensurable. As a result, a liberal state should avoid forcing its citizens to choose between these incommensurable goods. By adopting policies that protect minority languages, while also ensuring individuals access to economic and political participation in the majority language, a liberal state can manage and balance the conflict between these important competing aspects of autonomy.

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Mohr, Sebastian. "Containing Sperm—Managing Legitimacy." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 45, no. 3 (2014): 319–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241614558517.

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Urbaite, Gerda. "Linguistic Landscapes: How Urban Environments Shape Language Variation." Porta Universorum 1, no. 2 (2025): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.69760/portuni.010203.

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This article explores how urban environments influence language variation through the lens of linguistic landscapes—the visual display of languages in public spaces such as signs, advertisements, and official notices. Drawing on established theoretical research, it examines how linguistic landscapes reflect the multilingual and multicultural nature of modern cities and function as symbolic markers of identity, power, and inclusion. The study discusses the ways in which language use in urban signage is shaped by social dynamics, including migration, globalization, and local language policies. It also considers how minority and heritage languages are represented or marginalized in these landscapes, and how public visibility affects perceptions of linguistic vitality and legitimacy. The article argues that linguistic landscapes are not merely passive reflections of linguistic diversity but active spaces of meaning-making, social negotiation, and identity construction. By analyzing these visual texts, sociolinguists gain valuable insights into the complex relationship between language, space, and society in contemporary urban settings.

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Borisova, Tatiana Iu. "The Legitimacy of the Bolshevik Order, 1917-1918: Language Usage in Revolutionary Russian Law." Review of Central and East European Law 37, no. 4 (2012): 395–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092598812x13274154887024.

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This article describes and analyzes the legislative politics of the revolutionary regimes in Russia in 1917-1918. The author aims to demonstrate the political meaning of the form of early Soviet legislation and its legitimizing effect. Revolutionary legislators often used specific language in new laws as a vehicle for legitimacy, i.e., as a means of making the people comply with those laws. The two main types of legal language used by the Bolsheviks can be interpreted from the perspective of different types of legitimacy. The revolutionary strategy used propagandistic legislation, written in the language of lay people, which urged them to act according to the new law. This can be seen as a request for the people to take certain actions and thus to legitimize the soviets. On the other hand, they also used the traditional strategy by employing old bureaucratic means of writing and distributing legislation to the local soviets. The language used by this strategy could not be easily understood by a lay audience and implied a tradition of obeying the law written in familiar legal language, which in turn implied rational/legal legitimacy. The second strategy had already become dominant after the first months of the Bolshevik Revolution. This observation demonstrates that, from the very beginning of their rule, Soviet leaders approached legislative policy from a technocratic point of view, which determined the further development of Soviet legal theory and practice.

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Panggio, Restu Wilujeng, and Samuel Hanneman. "Krama Inggil Language Reproduction Through Kursus Pambiwara In Keraton Surakarta: Case Study About Keraton Surakarta Strategy To Maintain Power Legitimation on Javanese Culture." Society 6, no. 2 (2018): 65–73. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v6i2.66.

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<strong><em>This study aims to investigate Krama  Inggil language reproduction through courses of pambiwara keraton surakarta, as an effort by keraton to maintain power legitimacy on javanese culture, in relation to keraton's function that has been shifted into culture functionary. It is a qualitative study, a case study specifically. The theory used in this study is a theory by Pierre Bourdieu, which explains language as a symbolic power related to agent's survival strategy in the arena by utilizing possessed capital. This study shows that keraton has established a course of pambiwara as a strategy to reproduce cultural symbols that it has, particularly the use of Krama  Inggil language to maintain keraton's power legitimacy on javanese culture as the oldest heritage of Mataram monarchy.</em></strong>

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Costa, James. "New speakers, new language: on being a legitimate speaker of a minority language in Provence." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2015, no. 231 (2015): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2014-0035.

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Abstract This article looks at the “new speaker” concept and the questions it raises in terms of legitimacy from the point of view of several types of social actors, namely language advocates, academics and school pupils (that is to say, “new speakers” themselves). The aim of this article is to show that this notion is not a purely descriptive one, but also carries a strong prescriptive loading – which in turns requires that minority language learners negotiate their participation in linguistic markets. Based on fieldwork in Provence, I look at how “new speakers” are often construed as speakers of “new languages”, “standard” or “artificial” languages that tend to index youth, urbanity, modernity and middle class membership – all qualities which may be seen as undesirable in parts of minority language movements. I then turn to pupils of an Occitan bilingual primary school in Provence and analyse how they reframe the new speaker debate in order for themselves to fit in the broader picture of Occitan speakers. All the viewpoints I analyse tend to emphasise the weight that the traditional, monolingual speaker still holds among speakers of minority languages in southern France.

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Sicher, Efraim. "George Eliot's "Glue Test": Language, Law, and Legitimacy in "Silas Marner"." Modern Language Review 94, no. 1 (1999): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3735996.

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Carvalho, Tarcísio. "Religious Language and Political Legitimacy: A Moral Theory of Multicultural Engagement." Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 73, no. 1 (2017): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17990/rpf/2017_73_1_0063.

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Swigart, Leigh. "The Limits of Legitimacy: Language Ideology and Shift in Contemporary Senegal." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 10, no. 1 (2000): 90–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jlin.2000.10.1.90.

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Burnaby, Barbara. "Literacy in Athapaskan Languages in the Northwest Territories, Canada." Written Language and Literacy 1, no. 1 (1998): 63–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.1.1.04bur.

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Data on fluency and literacy in Athapaskan (Dene) languages in the Northwest Territories of Canada are reviewed here, with discussion of recent policy decisions regarding implied or explicit roles of Dene literacy and the forms they might take. Emphasis is placed on evidence of trends in Dene literacy development; special attention is given to the extent to which new roles for literacy are created, and to the extent to which literacy conforms to patterns consistent with oral language use. The context is the legitimacy of Dene cultures, languages, social practices, and economic and political power in the face of Euro-Canadian pressures.

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Shin, Jaran. "Language choices and symbolic power in intercultural communication: A case study of a multilingual, immigrant Filipino woman in South Korea." Applied Linguistics Review 7, no. 4 (2016): 495–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2016-0022.

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AbstractThis paper is a case study of a Filipino woman who migrated to Korea to marry a Korean farmer and who ends up using her knowledge of English to navigate power differences in her exchanges with Korean interlocutors. I extend the tradition of research on intercultural communication by drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic power. Employing the ethnography of an embedded case study, this paper adopts inductive thematic analysis and discourse analysis to show (a) Natalie’s attitudes toward Korean and English, (b) her use of English in the Korean school setting as a parent to destabilize power differences, (c) her encounters with institutional/ideological walls that reinforce power differences, and (d) her daughter’s strategies of appropriating her mother’s English speaking status. The data reveal how Natalie – being in an inferior social position due to her status as a foreign bride – strategically used the symbolic power of English in an effort to position herself as a legitimate interlocutor. The clash between the global legitimacy of English and the local legitimacy of Korean replicates on a microscale the larger symbolic struggles that are going on the geopolitical level in intercultural encounters. By discussing the historical, (post)colonial reality that study participants faced, this paper ultimately demonstrates a conflict between various symbolic orders and highlights the eminently paradoxical struggle for symbolic power.

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Hashiguti, Simone Tiemi. "CAN WE SPEAK ENGLISH? REFLECTIONS ON THE UNSPOKEN EFL IN BRAZIL." Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada 56, no. 1 (2017): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/010318135150200431.

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ABSTRACT This essay explores the issue of oral production in English as a foreign language in Brazil. It reports the difficulty some students find to speak the language to matters of authority and legitimacy constituted in a particular history of language policies. Interest in the theme emerged because many Brazilian students who know English state they cannot speak the language and avoid pronouncing it and engaging in conversations. A discursive methodological framework forms the basis for the analysis of postings collected from discussion forums on different websites. First, I can´t speak English works as the reference statement that makes it possible to verify a discursive regularity in operation in Brazil. Second, a postcolonial theoretical framework supports the discussion on the conditions of possibility to speak English as a foreign language in a former Portuguese colony. The author argues that the ghost of the native, idealized speaker prevents students from recognizing the English they know as legitimate, and to speak it, and points out that dignity is a possible discourse to help deconstruct the colonial, silenced positioning that exists regarding the oral production in this foreign language.

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Doerr, Neriko Musha, and Kiri Lee. "Contesting heritage: language, legitimacy, and schooling at a weekend Japanese-language school in the United States." Language and Education 23, no. 5 (2009): 425–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500780802651706.

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Crawford, Annie L. "Metaphor and Meaning in the Teleological Language of Biology." Communications of the Blyth Institute 2, no. 2 (2020): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33014/issn.2640-5652.2.2.crawford.1.

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In the early twentieth century, neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory replaced traditional teleological causality as the accepted explanatory basis for biology. Yet, despite this rejection of teleology, biologists continue to resort to the language of purpose and design in order to define function, explain physiological processes, and describe behavior. The legitimacy of such teleological language is currently debated among biologists and philosophers of science. Many biologists and educators argue that teleological language can function as a type of convenient short-hand for describing function while some argue that such language contradicts the fundamentally ateleological nature of evolutionary theory. Others, such as Ernst Mayr, have attempted to redefine teleologyin such a way as to evade any metaphysical implications. However, most discussions regarding the legitimacy of teleological language in biology fail to consider the nature of language itself. Since conceptual language is intrinsically metaphorical, teleological language can be dismissed as decorative if and only if it can be replaced with alternative metaphors without loss of essential meaning. I conclude that, since teleological concepts cannot be abstracted away from biological explanations without loss of meaning and explanatory power, life is inherently teleological. It is the teleological character of life which makes it a unique phenomenon requiring a unique discipline of study distinct from physics or chemistry.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Legitimacy and language'

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