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1
Bielefeld, Dale, Jaimee Hughes, and Sara Grafenauer. "The Changing Landscape of Legume Products Available in Australian Supermarkets." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): 3226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093226.
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Evidence supports regular dietary inclusion of legumes due to their positive effects on both human and planetary health. Intake within Australia is suboptimal, with consumer data suggesting that an inability to integrate legumes into usual dietary patterns is a barrier to consumption. This places the food industry in a unique position to offer Australians the ability to incorporate legumes into usual dietary patterns via innovative new products. The aim of this study was to explore the legume category and compare nutrition product data and the use of nutrition and health claims between 2019 and 2021. An audit of legume products from four major metropolitan Sydney supermarkets (Aldi, Coles, IGA, Woolworths) collected ingredient lists, nutrition information and on-pack claims for baked beans, legume dips, legume flours, legume snacks (including subcategories of legume chips and whole legume snacks), canned legumes, dried legumes, frozen legumes, and pulse pasta. The total number of legume products available on the market nearly doubled from 2019 (n = 312) to 2021 (n = 610); this was driven by traditional plain canned and dried legumes and some new and convenient options, particularly snacks (legume chips) where the largest growth occurred. Of all legume products (n = 610), 82% met the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criteria, 86.8% were at least a source of dietary fibre, and 55.9% were at least a source of protein. Nutrition content claims relating to dietary fibre, gluten free and protein more than doubled since 2019, with each featuring on over one third of the products identified in 2021. Vegan/vegetarian on-pack claims more than doubled since 2019, and claims related to the term plant-based/plant protein and environmental sustainability emerged on packs in 2021. By addressing barriers to consumption, such as lack of time and knowledge on how to prepare legumes, innovative legume products may help influence future consumption patterns.
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Wu, Dingtao, Jiajia Wan, Wenxing Li, Jie Li, Wang Guo, Xiaoqin Zheng, Ren-You Gan, Yichen Hu, and Liang Zou. "Comparison of Soluble Dietary Fibers Extracted from Ten Traditional Legumes: Physicochemical Properties and Biological Functions." Foods 12, no. 12 (June 12, 2023): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12122352.
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Soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) exist as the major bioactive components in legumes, which exhibit various biological functions. To improve the potential applications of legume SDFs as healthy value-added products in the functional food industry, the physicochemical properties and biological functions of SDFs from ten selected traditional legumes, including mung bean, adzuki bean, red bean, red sword bean, black bean, red kidney bean, speckled kidney bean, common bean, white hyacinth bean, and pea, were studied and compared. Results showed that the physicochemical properties of SDFs varied in different species of legumes. All legume SDFs almost consisted of complex polysaccharides, which were rich in pectic-polysaccharides, e.g., homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I) domains. In addition, hemicelluloses, such as arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, and galactomannan, existed in almost all legume SDFs, and a large number of galactomannans existed in SDFs from black beans. Furthermore, all legume SDFs exhibited potential antioxidant, antiglycation, immunostimulatory, and prebiotic effects, and their biological functions differed relative to their chemical structures. The findings can help reveal the physicochemical and biological properties of different legume SDFs, which can also provide some insights into the further development of legume SDFs as functional food ingredients.
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Nelson, T. A., S. M. Zydenbos, and D. R. Stevens. "Information required from research programmes when introducing legume forage systems into challenging environments." Journal of New Zealand Grasslands 79 (January 1, 2017): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/jnzg.2017.79.567.
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Abstract The use of legumes to increase animal performance is well known, but why are sheep and beef farmers not using a legume forage system in New Zealand hill country, and what information do they need before introducing a legume forage system? A co-innovation process was started to explore the challenges sheep and beef farmers face introducing a legume forage system into hill country and their information needs. The first step in this process, reported here, was to run eight workshops throughout New Zealand which 105 farmers and agribusiness representatives attended. Results showed that getting the right information from trusted sources was the highest priority for farmers looking to introduce a legume forage system. Information provided by the science community and industry needs to be region specific as the range of knowledge around legume species differs across regions. Some of the information required by farmers is already well documented, but may not be in the hands of the right people. Keywords: challenges, forage, farm system, information requirements, knowledge, legumes, sheep and beef farmers
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Guo, Fanghua, Renan Danielski, Sarusha Santhiravel, and Fereidoon Shahidi. "Unlocking the Nutraceutical Potential of Legumes and Their By-Products: Paving the Way for the Circular Economy in the Agri-Food Industry." Antioxidants 13, no. 6 (May 24, 2024): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13060636.
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Legumes, including beans, peas, chickpeas, and lentils, are cultivated worldwide and serve as important components of a balanced and nutritious diet. Each legume variety contains unique levels of protein, starch, fiber, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, with potential applications in various industries. By-products such as hulls, rich in bioactive compounds, offer promise for value-added utilization and health-focused product development. Various extraction methods are employed to enhance protein extraction rates from legume by-products, finding applications in various foods such as meat analogs, breads, and desserts. Moreover, essential fatty acids, carotenoids, tocols, and polyphenols are abundant in several residual fractions from legumes. These bioactive classes are linked to reduced incidence of cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, some cancers, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, among other relevant health conditions. The present contribution provides a comprehensive review of the nutritional and bioactive composition of major legumes and their by-products. Additionally, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability aspects of legume consumption, as well as in vitro and in vivo evidence of their health effects are addressed.
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Emkani, Mehrsa, Bonastre Oliete, and Rémi Saurel. "Effect of Lactic Acid Fermentation on Legume Protein Properties, a Review." Fermentation 8, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8060244.
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Legume proteins have a promising future in the food industry due to their nutritional, environmental, and economic benefits. However, their application is still limited due to the presence of antinutritional and allergenic compounds, their poor technological properties, and their unpleasant sensory characteristics. Fermentation has been traditionally applied to counteract these inconveniences. At present, lactic acid fermentation of legumes is attracting the attention of researchers and industry in relation to the development of healthier, tasty, and technologically adapted products. Hence, we aimed to review the literature to shed light on the effect of lactic acid fermentation on legume protein composition and on their nutritional, functional, technological, and sensorial properties. The antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria during legume fermentation was also considered. The heterogenicity of raw material composition (flour, concentrate, and isolate), the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (nutriment requirements, metabolic pathways, and enzyme production), and the numerous possible fermenting conditions (temperature, time, oxygen, and additional nutrients) offer an impressive range of possibilities with regard to fermented legume products. Systematic studies are required in order to determine the specific roles of the different factors. The optimal selection of these criteria will allow one to obtain high-quality fermented legume products. Fermentation is an attractive technology for the development of legume-based products that are able to satisfy consumers’ expectations from a nutritional, functional, technological, and sensory point of view.
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Senanayake, Dhananga, Peter J. Torley, Jayani Chandrapala, and Netsanet Shiferaw Terefe. "Microbial Fermentation for Improving the Sensory, Nutritional and Functional Attributes of Legumes." Fermentation 9, no. 7 (July 6, 2023): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9070635.
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A rapidly growing population, resource scarcity, and the future sustainability of our food supply are among the major concerns of today’s food industry. The importance of resilient food crops that will sustain in the future is imperative, and legumes are ideal future food crops owing to their rich nutrient profile, cost-effective production and resource usage efficiency. Furthermore, they have the potential to meet the protein needs of the future. There are however several limitations associated with legumes in terms of their sensory, nutritional, and functional properties, which make them challenging for the food industry to use. In this review, these challenges are discussed in detail with particular reference to fermentation as a strategy for overcoming them. A major focus is on examining the potential application of fermentation for modifying techno-functional properties, such as foaming and emulsifying properties, solubility, and water and oil binding capacities of legume substrates. In many studies, fermentation has been demonstrated to enhance the techno-functional, sensory and nutritional attributes of various legume substrates. Future studies must focus on developing scalable fermentation processes to utilize the technology for improving the techno-functional and sensory properties of legume-based ingredients at industrial scale.
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Matemu, Athanasia, Soichiro Nakamura, and Shigeru Katayama. "Health Benefits of Antioxidative Peptides Derived from Legume Proteins with a High Amino Acid Score." Antioxidants 10, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020316.
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Legumes such as soybean, chickpea, lentil, cowpea, and mung bean, are valuable sources of protein with a high amino acid score and can provide bioactive peptides. This manuscript presents a review on legume-derived peptides, focusing on in vitro and in vivo studies on the potential antioxidative activities of protein hydrolysates and their characterization, amino acid sequences, or purified/novel peptides. The health implications of legume-derived antioxidative peptides in reducing the risks of cancer and cardiovascular diseases are linked with their potent action against oxidation and inflammation. The molecular weight profiles and amino acid sequences of purified and characterized legume-derived antioxidant peptides are not well established. Therefore, further exploration of legume protein hydrolysates is necessary for assessing the potential applications of antioxidant-derived peptides in the functional food industry.
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Clemente, Alfonso, and Jose C. Jimenez-Lopez. "Introduction to the Special Issue: Legumes as Food Ingredient: Characterization, Processing, and Applications." Foods 9, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111525.
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Legumes are major ingredients in the Mediterranean diet, playing an essential role in developing countries. Grain legumes, such as lentil, chickpea, pea, lupin and beans, among others, are recognized as good sources of proteins, starch, fiber, vitamins and minerals for human nutrition, being an essential food crop for people worldwide. Due to their nutritional and techno-functional properties, legumes are widely used by the food industry as ingredients in a wide range of products for general and specific groups of the population, including vegetarians, diabetics or celiac patients. The Special Issue “Legumes as Food Ingredients: Characterization, Processing, and Applications” covers key aspects regarding the nutritional quality of legume flours and their derived products, as well as the health benefits of some of their bioactive components. The amounts of antinutritional components, such as certain allergens that might pose risks to sensitized consumers, are reported to be reduced by processing. Several pretreatments, including fermentation with lactic bacteria and yeasts, are used to improve the nutritional and sensory profile of the legume-derived products, increasing their acceptance by consumers.
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Bortolussi, G., J. G. McIvor, J. J. Hodgkinson, S. G. Coffey, and C. R. Holmes. "The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 5. Land and pasture development practices." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04013.
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The land and pasture development practices of 375 northern Australian beef properties in 8 regions were surveyed during 1996–97. These properties represented a broad cross-section of the beef industry in terms of geographical location, enterprise and herd size, and ownership structures. Both tree clearing and killing were more common in Queensland than in the Northern Territory or northern Western Australia. In all regions where trees were poisoned, native pasture was more widely used than sowing introduced grass and/or legume species. In contrast, tree clearing was most often accompanied by sowing pastures (either an introduced grass only or introduced grass and legume species together), rather than using native pastures. Central coastal Queensland had the highest use of poisoning trees for pasture development. Tree clearing and using native pasture was most important in central Queensland regions and the Maranoa South West. Sowing introduced pasture species under live trees was more commonly practiced in northern Queensland, the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia than in other regions. A considerable number of introduced grass and legume species were sown by producers. Most of the sown species were grasses. Many of the sown grass and legume species were spreading naturally. Buffel grass was spreading in all areas with < 1000 mm average annual rainfall, but most sown species were spreading only in wetter regions. Stylosanthes spp. were the most commonly spreading legume species in regions with > 500 mm average annual rainfall. The results are discussed in relation to contemporary natural resource management issues and how this may affect land and pasture development activities in the future.
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Kuznetsova, E. A., and S. A. Mordvinkin. "Use of legume processing products in the baking industry." Khleboproducty 29, no. 1 (2020): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32462/0235-2508-2020-29-1-64-66.
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Intikhab, Anosh. "Aquafaba: Nutritional Significance for Vegans. A Way towards Environmental Sustainability." Life and Science 4, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/266.
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Chickpea also known as “garbanzo bean” is a versatile legume, consumed all over the world. Other than beingconsumed as a whole legume, chickpeas and other legumes are mostly commercialized in brine or sugarsolution. This solution more commonly known as aquafaba can form stabilized emulsions owing to its uniquecharacteristics and composition. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the nutritional and functionalproperties of aquafaba along with its environmental sustainability. This wastewater is an opulent source ofproteins, carbohydrates (insoluble & soluble), minerals and other bioactive substances especially, tannins,saponins, phenolic compounds and oligosaccharides. Over the past years the food industry has shownincreased interest in product properties and functions. Studies done in this regard suggested its utilization invarious bakery products like cakes, cakes, mousse, meringues, and vegan-based mayonnaise. While using itmay be a great alternative for vegans and people with egg allergies but research regarding its use andenvironmental sustainability is needed before further large-scale production of these products is conducted.
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Yanni, Amalia E., Sofia Iakovidi, Eleni Vasilikopoulou, and Vaios T. Karathanos. "Legumes: A Vehicle for Transition to Sustainability." Nutrients 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2023): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16010098.
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Legumes are an excellent source of protein and have been used in the human diet for centuries. Consumption of legumes has been linked to several health benefits, including a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer, while legumes’ high fiber content promotes digestive health. Aside from the positive health benefits, one of the most significant advantages of legumes is the low environmental footprint of their cultivation. They can be grown in a variety of climates and soil types, and they require less water and fertilizer than other crops, making them a sustainable option for farmers. Thanks to their nutritional and physicochemical properties, they are widely used by the food industry since the growing popularity of plant-based diets and the increasing demand for alternatives to meat offers the opportunity to develop legume-based meat substitutes. As the use of legumes as a source of protein becomes widespread, new market opportunities could be created for farmers and food industries, while the reduction in healthcare costs could have a potential economic impact. Achieving widespread adoption of legumes as a sustainable source of protein requires coordinated efforts by individuals, governments, and the private sector. The objective of this narrative review is to present the benefits coming from legume consumption in terms of health and environmental sustainability, and underline the importance of promoting their inclusion in the daily dietary pattern as well as their use as functional ingredients and plant-based alternatives to animal products.
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Khrisanapant, Prit, Biniam Kebede, Sze Ying Leong, and Indrawati Oey. "Effects of Hydrothermal Processing on Volatile and Fatty Acids Profile of Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum) and Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)." Molecules 27, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 8204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27238204.
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Legumes are an economical source of protein, starch, dietary fibre, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. However, they are not as fully utilised, due to volatile compounds contributing to their undesirable odour. The purpose of this work was to understand the processing time’s effect on the legumes’ volatile profile. Hence, this study investigated the effects of hydrothermal processing times on the volatile and fatty acids profiles of cowpeas, chickpeas and kidney beans. All legumes were pre-soaked (16 h) and then hydrothermally processed at 95 °C for 15 to 120 min, using an open system to approximate standard household cooking practices and a closed system to represent industrial processing. Alcohol, aldehyde, acid and ester volatile compounds showed decreasing trends during processing, which can be associated with enzyme inactivation and process-induced degradation. This work showed that processing at 95 °C for 30 min significantly reduced the number of compounds commonly associated with undesirable odour, but showed no significant change in the fatty acid profile. Other volatiles, such as furanic compounds, pyrans and sulphur compounds, showed an increasing trend during processing, which can be related to the Maillard reactions. This observation contributes to the growing knowledge of legume processing and its impact on volatile flavour. It can advise consumers and the industry on selecting processing intensity to maximise legume utilisation.
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Kousta, Angeliki, Christos Katsis, Anastasia Tsekoura, and Dimosthenis Chachalis. "Effectiveness and Selectivity of Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides for Weed Control in Grain Legumes." Plants 13, no. 2 (January 11, 2024): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13020211.
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Grain legumes represent important crops for livestock feed and contribute to novel uses in the food industry; therefore, the best cultivation practices need to be assessed. This study aimed to identify herbicides to meet the current need for controlling broadleaf weeds without phytotoxicity in the grain legume crop per se. Field experiments were undertaken during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons and laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates as follows: four grain legume crops (vetch, pea, faba bean, and white lupine) and nine pre-emergence (PRE) or post-emergence selective (POST) herbicide treatments (PRE: aclonifen, pendimethalin plus clomazone, metribuzin plus clomazone, benfluralin, terbuthylazine plus pendimethalin, S-metolachlor plus pendimethalin, flumioxazin; POST: pyridate, imazamox) alongside weedy check plots. Plant phytotoxicity, crop dry matter, yield features, weed presence, and weed dry matter were assessed during the experiments. There was differential efficacy among the nine herbicide treatments; the weed control was more effective in the case of Veronica arvensis L. and Sonchus spp. L. compared with Chenopodium album L., Sinapis arvensis L., and Silibum marianum L. regardless of the herbicide treatment. The most effective PRE herbicide was flumioxazin, which had the greatest control over the majority of weeds (>70%) resulting in the lowest total weed biomass. The second-best treatment was benfluralin and the mixture of terbuthylazine plus pendimethalin (both had only limited control in S. arvensis). The best POST herbicide was imazamox, with only limited control in S. arvensis. The tested herbicides caused low to medium and transient levels of phytotoxicity mainly in vetch and secondly in peas but not in faba beans and lupines. Concerning all weed management treatments, benfluralin resulted in the highest grain yields for all four grain legume crops during both growing seasons. Among grain legumes, vetch had the highest competitive ability against weeds, whereas peas were the least tolerant against weed competition.
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Chataway, R. G., W. N. Orr, J. E. Cooper, and R. T. Cowan. "The role of tillage, fertiliser and forage species in sustaining dairying based on crops in southern Queensland 1. Winter-dominant forage systems." Animal Production Science 51, no. 10 (2011): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11028.
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Field studies were conducted over 5 years on two dairy farms in southern Queensland to evaluate the impacts of zero-tillage, nitrogen (N) fertiliser and legumes on a winter-dominant forage system based on raingrown oats. Oats was able to be successfully established using zero-tillage methods, with no yield penalties and potential benefits in stubble retention over the summer fallow. N fertiliser, applied at above industry-standard rates (140 vs. 55 kg/ha.crop) in the first 3 years, increased forage N concentration significantly and had residual effects on soil nitrate-N at both sites. At one site, crop yield was increased by 10 kg DM/ha.kg fertiliser N applied above industry-standard rates. The difference between sites in fertiliser response reflected contrasting soil and fertiliser history. There was no evidence that modifications to oats cropping practices (zero-tillage and increased N fertiliser) increased surface soil organic carbon (0–10 cm) in the time frame of the present study. When oats was substituted with annual legumes, there were benefits in improved forage N content of the oat crop immediately following, but legume yield was significantly inferior to oats. In contrast, the perennial legume Medicago sativa was competitive in biomass production and forage quality with oats at both sites and increased soil nitrate-N levels following termination. However, its contribution to winter forage was low at 10% of total production, compared with 40% for oats, and soil water reserves were significantly reduced at one site, which had an impact on the following oat production. The study demonstrated that productive grazed oat crops can be grown using zero tillage and that increased N fertiliser is more consistent in its effect on N concentration than on forage yield. A lucerne ley provides a strategy for raising soil nitrate-N concentration and increasing overall forage productivity, although winter forage production is reduced.
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Siddique, K. H. M., W. Erskine, K. Hobson, E. J. Knights, A. Leonforte, T. N. Khan, J. G. Paull, R. Redden, and M. Materne. "Cool-season grain legume improvement in Australia—Use of genetic resources." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 4 (2013): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13071.
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The cool-season grain legume industry in Australia, comprising field pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medik.), and narrow-leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), has emerged in the last 40 years to occupy a significant place in cropping systems. The development of all major grain legume crops—including field pea, which has been grown for over 100 years—has been possible through large amounts of genetic resources acquired and utilised in breeding. Initially, several varieties were released directly from these imports, but the past 25 years of grain legume breeding has recombined traits for adaptation and yield for various growing regions. Many fungal disease threats have been addressed through resistant germplasm, with varying successes. Some threats, e.g. black spot in field pea caused by Mycosphaerella pinodes (Berk. and Blox.) Vestergr., require continued exploration of germplasm and new technology. The arrival of ascochyta blight in chickpea in Australia threatened to destroy the chickpea industry of southern Australia, but thanks to resistant germplasm, it is now on its way to recovery. Many abiotic stresses including drought, heat, salinity, and soil nutritional toxicities continue to challenge the expansion of the grain legume area, but recent research shows that genetic variation in the germplasm may offer new solutions. Just as the availability of genetic resources has been key to successfully addressing many challenges in the past two decades, so it will assist in the future, including adapting to climate change. The acquisition of grain legume germplasm from overseas is a direct result of several Australians who fostered collaborations leading to new collection missions enriching the germplasm base for posterity.
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Neji, Chaima, Jyoti Semwal, Endre Máthé, and Péter Sipos. "Dough Rheological Properties and Macronutrient Bioavailability of Cereal Products Fortified through Legume Proteins." Processes 11, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020417.
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Cereal products are regarded as important protein providers, though they could feature poor nutritional quality due to their occasional imbalanced amino acid content. Cereal proteins are low in cysteine or tryptophan, and rich in methionine; however, while their combination with legume proteins makes them nutritionally more comprehensive, such a possibility must be addressed by the cereal processing industry. However, the incorporation of legume protein concentrates and isolates might also influence the functionality and bioavailability of some cereal constituents. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to gain insights into the effects of cereal products incorporated with legume protein isolates/concentrates, knowing that both the cereals and the protein extracts/isolates are complex structural matrices, and besides the final products acceptability they should efficiently promote the health condition of consumers. The combination of legume proteins with cereals will bring about a structural complexity that must harmoniously include proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, polyphenols and dietary fibers to promote the bioaccessibility, bioavailability and bioactivity without cyto- and genotoxicity.
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Armstrong, R. D., K. McCosker, K. Walsh, G. Millar, B. Kuskopf, M. E. Probert, S. Johnson, and J. Standley. "Legume and opportunity cropping systems in central Queensland. 2. Effect of legumes on following crops." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 6 (1999): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98101.
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Poor yields and low grain protein in cereal crops resulting from declining soil fertility, especially nitrogen (N), are major threats to the grains industry in central Queensland. The effect of 4 different pasture-ley legumes [siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro), lucerne (Medicago sativa cv. Trifecta), lablab (Lablab purpureus cv. Highworth), and desmanthus (Desmanthus virgatus cv. Marc)] on grain yield and quality of sorghum crops was compared with that of a pulse (mungbean; Vigna radiata cv. Satin) or continuous cropping with grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Legume leys consistently resulted in large increases in grain yield (188–272%), N uptake by sorghum (145–345%), and grain protein (0.21–7.0% increase in grain protein) in sorghum test-crops compared with continuous sorghum crops to which no fertiliser N had been added. The positive effect of legumes persisted up to 3 sorghum test-crops after only 1 year of legumes, although by the third year the effect was comparatively small. Mungbean and lablab generally produced the largest benefit in sorghum test-crops in the first year after legumes, whereas desmanthus and lucerne produced the least benefit. Adding fertiliser N (up to 75 kg N/ha) significantly improved grain yields and N uptake of sorghum test-crops in 3 of 4 years. However, responses to fertilisers were less than those resulting from legumes, which was ascribed to increased availability of legume N to sorghum. Legumes progressively increased soil nitrate in all subsequent sorghum test-crops (compared with continuous sorghum crops), rising from 6.8–18.9 kg NO3-N/ha after 1 year of legumes to 24.2–59.6 kg NO3-N/ha after 3 years of legumes. There was little difference between the legumes in their ability to increase soil nitrate, with the exception of desmanthus, which consistently resulted in the lowest amount of soil nitrate for subsequent test-crops and lowest uptake of N by these crops. Plant-available water content (PAWC) at planting of the sorghum test-crop was only significantly (P<0.05) affected by previous species in 1997, when it was lowest in plots previously sown to siratro and lucerne and highest in sorghum and mungbean plots. In both 1996 and 1997, plots sown to sorghum had significantly higher PAWC at anthesis and grain maturity when previous plots were sorghum rather than legumes.
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McCown, RL. "Being realistic about no-tillage, legume ley farming for the Australian semi-arid tropics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9961069.
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There is a long tradition of expectation that, in time, land use in the better-endowed areas of Australia's semi-arid tropics would intensify from beef production on grassy woodlands to broadacre production of dryland crops. However, successive development attempts have yet to result in a substantial field crop industry. This paper reflects on a recent 20-year research and development episode in which ley farming, so successful in the wheat-sheep zone of southern Australia, was adapted and trialed in the tropical north. The system tested in the tropics was one which featured (i) coarse grain crops in rotation with legume leys and (ii) cattle grazing native pasture in the crop growing season and ley and crop residues in the dry season. It can be concluded that this system is technically successful. But compared with the ley system in southern Australia, the benefits of pasture legumes are less efficiently captured, both in the animal and the crop production enterprises. In addition, in this climate and on these soils, pastures with the high legume composition needed to substantially substitute for nitrogen fertiliser in the crop phase pose a serious threat of soil acidification. In contrast to legume leys, the advantage of no-tillage, mulch farming practices over conventional cultivation is much greater in this semi-arid tropical region than in temperate or Mediterranean areas: by slowing evaporation, mulch is often crucial in reducing high temperature injury or impedance to emerging seedlings as well as reducing the deleterious effects of intensive summer rainfall. But even with this improvement the climatic risks in dryland grain cropping remain a strong deterrent to crop industry development. Today, the findings from past experimentation, accrued farming experience, and new information products combine to provide what seem to be more realistic expectations for agriculture in this region. Even with the 'best' technology, this region suffers comparative disadvantage with respect to dryland field crop production and marketing. However, the region enjoys comparative advantages in the production of several other types of commodities, and a more realistic approach to 'Research and Development' includes a shift of resources toward activities with production and marketing advantages.
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Quesenberry, Kenneth, Patricio Munoz, Ann Blount, Kevin Kenworthy, and William Crow. "Breeding forages in Florida for resistance to nematodes." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 11 (2014): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13437.
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Forage legumes and grasses provide the basis for the worldwide ruminant animal livestock industry, and most of these forages come from perennial pasture plants. As animal agriculture has intensified, pest pressures on perennial forages often also become more prevalent. Among these pest plant parasitic nematodes, especially root-knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne spp.) have been shown to be major forage crop pests. In this paper, we summarise research from the University of Florida related to development of methods for screening germplasm for RKN responses, results from germplasm evaluations across a range of forage legume and grass species, and progress from breeding and selection research including studies of the genetic basis of resistance. We then present prospects for continued genetic improvement in RKN resistance using conventional and modern molecular methods.
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Bullard, G. K., R. J. Roughley, and D. J. Pulsford. "The legume inoculant industry and inoculant quality control in Australia: 1953 - 2003." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 3 (2005): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03159.
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Fifty years have passed since the first commercial inoculants were manufactured in Australia. Before 1953, various Government Agencies supplied mostly agar cultures with New South Wales Department of Agriculture issuing the first peat-based inoculants. There are no data to indicate the quality of these inoculants, but in the early commercial cultures rhizobia were often outnumbered by contaminants and field failures were widespread. A comprehensive system of quality control was developed from discussions between CSIRO and the University of Sydney. Succeeding quality control bodies have continued on the basis of the original scheme. It set inoculant standards, approved and supplied mother cultures to manufacturers annually, tested all batches of peat inoculants before sale and sampled inoculants at the point of sale. In this paper we describe the history of Australian legume inoculants, list the commercial firms and key people involved and the period during which they were active. We tabulate the strains involved, indicate the period of their use and highlight some of the problems encountered with them and with inoculant production. We indicate the personnel who have been particularly active in the quality control of inoculants, the funding bodies who have supported the work and stress the reliance of the control laboratories on the help of many agricultural scientists in Australia. An important part of the control scheme has been the implementing of standards without resort to legislation. This has depended on the cooperation of the manufacturers involved and has allowed flexibility in applying the standards.
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Domoney, Claire. "Reaching for the pulse of the planet and its population." Biochemist 43, no. 3 (May 28, 2021): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio_2021_136.
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Seeds provide humans and farm animals with a rich supply of dietary proteins, fibre, carbohydrates and micronutrients. Natural variation, mutagenesis and advances in genetics and genomics support the development of plant variants which provide better nutrient bioavailability, promote health in consumers and provide advantages to industry. As we consider the adoption of more healthy and sustainable plant-based diets, there is a renewed focus on legume crops which also provide benefits as an essential component of a sustainable agriculture. This article discusses significant compounds that are deposited in the seeds of a major legume crop, pea (Pisum sativum), and the possibilities for changing these using genetic variation.
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Kim, Anastasia, Petr Balanov, and Irina Smotraeva. "Study of promising types of legume raw materials for the production of fermented food products." E3S Web of Conferences 539 (2024): 02027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453902027.
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In Russia, a large number of different legumes are grown, such as soybeans, chickpeas, lentils, beans, which are a valuable source of protein. In the context of the global climate agenda and sustainable development goals, the world community has taken the vector of transforming the population’s diet towards reducing animal products and increasing the share of products based on plant materials. This paper presents the results of experiments on the fermentation of 8 types of legume raw materials, including soybeans, chickpeas, mung beans, black lentils, green lentils, red lentils, peas, to obtain a food product. An assessment was made of the swelling properties of raw materials, their appearance after swelling, and after fermentation for 24 and 48 hours. An analysis of amine nitrogen indicators before and after fermentation was also carried out. Practical recommendations for the use of the considered raw materials for the food industry are offered.
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Kubkomawa, H. I., A. M. Kenneth–Chukwu, J. L. Krumah, I. N. Yerima, Z. Audu, and W. D. Nafarnda. "Fodder bank establishment and management for dry season maintenance of small scale livestock industry: A review." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 211–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i4.293.
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The objective of this study therefore, was to review fodder bank establishment and management for dry season supplementary feeding of livestock. Fodder banking involves fencing, planting, concentrating, storing and reserving of forage legumes in hays and silos to which concentrates, mineral and vitamin premixes are added. In addition, legume trees and shrubs such as Acacia spp, Leucaena leucocephala, Mangifera indica, Musa spp, Cajanus cajan, Tamarindus indica, Stylosanthes guianensis, Centrosema pubescens, Desmodium spp etc. are also good fodder crops which are commonly used. Fodder bank converts the above mentioned crops into supplementary or fall back forage kept in small to large plots for dry season use by aging, ailing, nursing, and lactating and high producing animals. The relatively deep roots of these woody perennials allow them to reach soil nutrients and moisture not available to grasses and herbaceous plants. This characteristic enables these plants to retain fresh foliage into the dry season. The ability of some legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen makes them protein rich feeds. As with all tree planting activities, fodder bank establishment must be planned to coincide with the rainy season. This ensures high seed emergence, plant survival and establishment. Good site selection is paramount, accompanied with thorough land preparation for excellent establishment of fodder banks. These processes are accomplished by mechanical or chemical means. Methods practiced locally for other high value crops are also often used. The goal is a wider seed-bed, in which plant growth and survival will be maximized.
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Simmons, Aaron T., Alexandra Murray, Philippa M. Brock, Timothy Grant, Annette L. Cowie, Sandra Eady, and Bharat Sharma. "Life cycle inventories for the Australian grains sector." Crop and Pasture Science 70, no. 7 (2019): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp18412.
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Grain production is a key source of food globally and is an important agricultural system for the Australian economy. Environmental impacts such as the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) associated with grain production are well documented and the Australian grains industry has strived to ensure ongoing improvement. To facilitate this improvement, the industry funded the development of life cycle inventories to provide broad geographical coverage. Cradle-to-gate inventories for wheat were developed for each of the grains industry agro-ecological zones, and inventories were developed for minor cereal crops (e.g. barley, sorghum), oilseeds (i.e. canola) and legumes where relevant. Data for inventory development were taken from numerous sources and validated by using data collected through interviews with experts in each agro-ecological zone. Inventory data were also collected so that indicators in addition to global-warming impacts could be assessed. Global warming impacts for wheat production ranged from 193 to 567 kg carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e) t–1, and global warming impacts were 597–851, 333–361, 169–285 and 74–672 kg CO2-e t–1 for canola, sorghum, barley and grain-legume production, respectively. Results for eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, land-use and abiotic depletion (fossil-fuel use) are also presented.
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De Monte, Cristina, Leonardo Arrighetti, Lucia Ricci, Alessandra Civello, and Simona Bronco. "Agro-Waste Bean Fibers as Reinforce Materials for Polycaprolactone Composites." Compounds 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 504–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/compounds3030036.
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The agrifood industry shows one of the widest ranges of possible end products from crops, such as fruits, legumes, cereals, and tubers. The raw material is generally collected and processed industrially, producing a significant amount of organic waste. The overall picture is made more complex by the wide variety of nature and composition, and by the difficulty identifying the possible uses of the wastes coming from the processing industry. Such wastes are often disposed of in landfills or treated in waste-to-energy plants depending on the area where they are produced. The circular economy approach has suggested numerous possible generic strategies to improve waste management, involving the exploitation of waste to obtain new value-added products. The use of fibers from legume waste from the canning industry in the bioplastics production sector is a promising and relatively little explored line, particularly for the fibers of beans and green beans. With this in mind, in this article, green bean and borlotti bean fibers obtained from the treatment of wastes were used as reinforcing material for polycaprolactone (PCL)-based biocomposites by melt blending. Analyses were carried out about the morphological, spectroscopic, thermal, and mechanical properties of the starting and the obtained materials.
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Moravec, T., and N. Čeřovská. "The use of legume seed for expression and storage of high value proteins." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 50, No. 2 (June 12, 2014): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/143/2013-cjgpb.
Full textAbstract:
There is an ever growing need for the use of recombinant proteins both in medicine and industry; however their widespread use is limited by the lack of production capacity. Transgenic plants offer the possibility to produce and deliver recombinant proteins on a large scale with low production costs and with minimal purification or enrichment requirements. Among crop plants, legumes have great potential as a protein production platform because of their naturally high protein content, nutritional value, independence of N-nutrition, pollen containment, available processing technology, storage stability etc. There have been several proof-of-principle attempts to produce large amounts of recombinant protein in seed of both soybean and pea, however, our knowledge of processes regulating the foreign protein production and deposition is still limited.
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Munjal, Sapna Dhawan, Jyotika Dhankhar, Alka Sharma, and Prixit Guleria. "Studies on Physicochemical Properties of Rice Bean (Vigna umbellata) Starch: An Underutilized Legume." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 12, no. 1 (April 25, 2024): 408–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.12.1.33.
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Starch is a reserve carbohydrate present in plants. It is an important component for maintaining various quality attributes like texture, consistency, thickening in the food industry. The aim of the present study was to isolate starch from a legume named jack bean that is not very much famous and considered as underutilized-legume. The isolated starch was studied for various physicochemical properties. One-way analysis of variance was used in this study. The starch was isolated as a white powder from the dry legume by using standard method and the starch yield was observed to be 25.79%. Legume starch was further assessed for the chemical composition. The moisture, ash, fat, protein, fiber and carbohydrate content were 9.56%, 0.35%, 0.21%, 0.69%, 0.33%, and 89.19% respectively. The apparent and total amylose content was 37.62% and 40.83% with least gelation concentration at 6% of starch gel. Starch was further assessed for functional properties. The leached amylose displayed a rise in content from 6.56% to 9.50% with the corresponding increase in temperature from 65°C to 95°C that may affect gelatinization properties of starch. The water absorption capacity was 3.60 g/g while oil absorption capacity was 3.54 g/g. Further, the emulsion stability and emulsion capacity of native starch was 79.00% and 68.33% respectively that showed good stability of emulsion. Similarly, the swelling power and solubility of rice bean starch increased with the increase of temperature from 55-95°C. However, the opposite trend was observed for an increase in starch concentration from 1-4%. The effect of different concentrations at 6, 8 and 10% on freeze-thaw stability and storage studies showed that the expelled water decreased with the rise in starch concentration up to three consecutive storage days while no change was observed later during frozen gel storage. It showed good freeze thaw stability of starch. This underutilized legume attracted more attention from researchers due of its affordability and ease of availability. In dry farming circumstances with limited soil fertility, the legume yield consistently. Thus, this neglected legume that has minimal agronomic development but many qualities is a good substitute for starch. However, thorough study on the unique functional properties and other qualities of starch from rice bean has not been carried out. The results of this underutilized legume starch can provide opportunities to starch researchers and to the food industries that are frequently using conventional sources of starch from cereals, tubers and rhizomes.
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Sheppard, S. C., S. Bittman, D. Macdonald, B. D. Amiro, and K. H. Ominski. "Changes in land, feed, and manure management practices on beef operations in Canada between 2005 and 2011." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 96, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2015-0075.
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The objective of this paper was to evaluate changes in management practices of beef cattle from 2005 to 2011. Large nationwide surveys of husbandry practices in the beef industry were conducted to represent management practices used in 2005 and 2011 across Canadian Ecoregions. The two surveys attempted to similarly represent operation types (cow–calf, backgrounding, and finishing) and size. Several statistically significant changes in management practices from 2005 to 2011 were observed: in non-feedlot operations, these included more operations with >50% legume in perennial forage, less N fertilization applied to forages, increased winter grazing of cows, and higher quality feed used as a supplement to grazing. In feedlots, there were more shelter structures, less feeding of grain and more of high-legume forages, and more frequent removal of manure. Several practices remained constant in the two surveys including use of covers for storing hay, frequency of harvesting forage, time of barn and feedlot cleanout, manure storage and practices relating to manure incorporation into soil. The large increase in use of winter grazing on the Prairies as well as in eastern Canada documented here is an important change in the industry that has both economic and environmental implications.
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Noormazlinah, Noormazlinah, Norlaili Hashim, Abdurahman Hamid Nour, Mimi Sakinah Abdul Munaim, Maria Pilar Almajano, and Nurul Bahirah. "Extraction of Phytosterol Concentration in Different Legume Pods by Using Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 3 (May 29, 2019): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.40865.
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The traditional ways in the extraction of bioactive compounds using conventional methods are disadvantageous from both economic and environmental perspectives. In this, the potential of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation conditions for extraction of phytosterol from legume pods was investigated. Salkowski test performed on the legume pod has shown the reddish brown in all sample which confirmed the presence of phytosterol qualitatively. Liebermann-Burchard procedure and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) apparatus were used to study the concentration of phytosterol at different extraction parameters which are temperature (25–80 °C), solvent concentration (50–100% v/v), irradiation time (1–10 min) and microwave power (400–800 W). The optimal conditions for highest yield of extract (0.219 mg/L) were obtained at a microwave power of 600 W, the irradiation time of 6 min, and ethanol concentration of 75% v/v. Results obtained in this study have shown the capability of microwave-assisted hydrodistillation in the extraction of phytosterol from legume pod. Further works are nevertheless required to provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved to facilitate the development of an optimum system applicable to the industry.
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Ahmed, SH, EE Babiker, IA Mohamed Ahmed, MM Eltayeb, SO Ahmed, and Faridullah Faridullah. "Effect of sodium chloride concentration of the functional properties of selected legume flours." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, no. 54 (October 19, 2012): 6700–6714. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.54.11130.
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Providing safe, nutritious, and wholesome food for poor and undernourished populations has been a major challenge for developing countries. This has led to the necessity of assembling complete food composition tables, yielding information about the traditional foods and on the functional properties of the plant foods that are consumed regularly in the developing countries. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is the common salt used at household and industry levels to improve palatability of processed foods. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different concentrations of NaCl on the functional properties of selected legume flours. The effect of increasing concentration of NaCl on the protein solubility, emulsifying and foaming properties of white bean, pigeon pea, cowpea and hyacinth bean were studied. The results revealed that the protein solubility of pigeon pea, cowpea and white bean flours significantly increased by increasing salt concentration and reached a maximum at 0.4 M NaCl (for pigeon pea and cowpea flours) and 0.6 M for white bean flour and then gradually decreased at higher salt concentration. The protein solubility profile of hyacinth bean fluctuated with the salt concentration, with the highest solubility at 0.6 M NaCl and lowest solubility at 0.4 M NaCl. With the exception of white bean, the maximum emulsifying activity of all selected legume flours was found at 0.4 M NaCl whereas that of white bean was found at 0.2 M NaCl. Generally, with increasing salt concentration, the emulsifying activity slightly decreased for the legume flours, except for cowpea which fluctuated. Addition of NaCl significantly decreased the emulsion stability and foaming capacity of the four of selected legume with the maximum improvement being observed at 0.2M NaCl, and then decreasing gradually at higher salt concentration. Significant improvement of foaming stability was observed when salt concentration increased. Based on the results of the present study the selected legume flour demonstrated good functional properties following the addition of NaCl, which makes these legume flours potential ingredients for application in salt containing foods.
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Mengistu, Genet, Marcos Cordeiro, Getahun Legesse, Sarah Pogue, Amanda Taylor, Kim Ominski, Karen Beauchemin, E. J. McGeough, and Tim A. McAllister. "72 Estimating the supply and movement of feed for beef production in Alberta, Canada." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.084.
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Abstract This study estimated movement of feed between regions of Alberta to meet the needs of the beef sector in 2001, 2006, 2011 and 2016, and included barley and wheat grain, grass hay and grass-legume hay, which can be cost-effectively transported. Feed demands of beef and other livestock (i.e., dairy cattle, chickens, pigs, sheep, bison, horses, turkeys and other poultry) were estimated using county-level inventories from Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development and Statistics Canada, and aggregated to 7 land-use regions: Lower Athabasca, Upper Athabasca, Lower Peace, Upper Peace, North Saskatchewan, Red Deer and South Saskatchewan. Feed requirements were sourced from literature and expert opinion pertinent to Canadian context, and feed demand estimated using annualized feeding days and dry matter (DM) intake. Feed available for beef production was estimated from crop yields minus other livestock feed use. Average feed demand for beef production across Alberta was (tons of DM) 2.71 M, 0.68 M, 2.21 M, and 1.95 M for barley and wheat grain, grass hay, and grass-legume hay, respectively. North Saskatchewan, Red Deer and South Saskatchewan accounted for 90% of the total demand for barley and wheat grain and 81% of grass hay and grass-legume hay. South Saskatchewan had the largest feed deficit and required feed movement in all years. Across years, barley grain deficits ranged from -94% to -31%, grass hay deficit from -142% to a surplus of 1.6% and grass-legume hay deficits from -167% to -15%. Unmet deficits at provincial level occurred for barley grain (2006), grass hay (2001) and grass-legume hay (2001, 2006). Wheat was surplus in all years, ranging from 17% to 90%. Feed movement is critical to support beef production in Alberta, and is highly variable depending on crop yield in different regions. This analysis enables the beef industry to assess provincial feed sourcing and environmental footprints.
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Beniwal, P., and S. Jood. "Development, chemical composition and antioxidant activity ofdosaprepared using by-products from legume milling industry." Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research 34, no. 3 (2015): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-0563.2015.00048.2.
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Hancock, Kerry, Vern Collette, Elisabeth Chapman, Katherine Hanson, Stephen Temple, Roger Moraga, and John Caradus. "Progress towards developing bloat-safe legumes for the farming industry." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 11 (2014): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13308.
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Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are polymeric flavonoids derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway, and they bind reversibly to forage proteins within the rumen, providing protection from bloat while enhancing protein utilisation and animal production. The occurrence of PAs varies greatly within forage legume species. Foliar PAs are present in Lotus corniculatus (birdsfoot trefoil) and Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin), but such species often show poor persistence under grazing. By contrast, Trifolium repens (white clover) and Medicago sativa (lucerne, or alfalfa) have good persistence but negligible amounts of foliar PAs. We altered the accumulation patterns present in lucerne and white clover by the overexpression of an R2R3-MYB transcription factor (TaMYB14) isolated from T. arvense (rabbit’s foot clover), a species with significant levels of leaf PA. Such plants effectively produced PAs of high degree of polymerisation (DP) in leaf tissue by upregulating genes of the PA pathway. By comparing transcriptome pools, we identified additional MYB transcription factors with putative involvement in PA synthesis in white clover and T. arvense, indicating that these species share a complex PA regulation system. Progress towards producing commercial cultivars of lucerne and white clover containing effective levels of PAs has begun. Such plants will provide a viable option for mitigating bloat in pastoral agriculture-based farming systems.
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Howieson, JG, A. Loi, and SJ Carr. "Biserrula pelecinus L.-a legume pasture species with potential for acid, duplex soils which is nodulated by unique root-nodule bacteria." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 46, no. 5 (1995): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9950997.
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Biserrula pelecinus is a monotypic genus which displays agronomic potential for acid, duplex soils. Whilst it is widespread in the Mediterranean basin, it represents a new pasture legume to Australia. The root-nodule bacteria isolated from B. pelecinus nodules collected from Morocco and Sardinia were unique in the sense that they appeared to be specific to this legume. They also grew at a lower pH on an acidified growth medium than the rhizobia for clover, peas and medic, which indicated a potential adaptation to acid soils. B. pelecinus was not nodulated by any of the commercially available species of root-nodule bacteria in use in Australia that we evaluated. Hence, it appears that the development of B. pelecinus for industry will be contingent upon the commercialization of its specific rhizobia. Several genotypes of B. pelecinus produced vigorous growth and high seed yields at two field sites in the wheatbelt of Western Australia, which received less than 250 mm rainfall in 1994.
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Shaimerdenova, D. A., Zh M. Chakanova, D. M. Iskakova, G. T. Sarbassova, M. B. Bekbolatova, and A. A. Yesmambetov. "Storage of extruded cereal and legume grain bases in ion-ozone medium." SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.1.15.
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The modern food industry seeks to produce ecologically healthy and clean food products. However, finding effective means of storing raw materials without losing their quality is still a major problem faced by the industry. One of the promising methods on long-term storage of grain bases for good quality and safety is the ion-ozone cavitation treatment. Therefore, this study aims to determine the influence of various ion-ozone treatment parameters on the quality and safety factors of millet, buckwheat, chickpea, and lentil grain bases at the Food Quality and Safety Assessment Laboratory, Almaty University of Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan. With ozonation, the buckwheat grain bases showed a significant increase in fatty acids, the millet and chickpea grains showed a slight increase, while the lentil seeds exhibited a slight decrease in fatty acids compared to the control. Overall, by treating with a low concentration of ion-ozone, the buckwheat showed fewer microorganisms; in chickpea grains the molds and yeast did not develop; in millet grains the yeast was absent and molds were not higher than control; and in lentil grain bases, the permissible yeast growth with no molds was observed. The storage life of extruded grain bases after ion-ozone cavitation treatment increased by a minimum of 60 days (millet) and to more than 240 days (buckwheat). The optimum basic parameters were determined, ensuring a maximum shelf life of up to eight months without losing the quality of the cereals and legume grain products. The said procedure was found as an effective measure for long-term storage of the extruded grain bases with sustainable safety and quality.
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Kholliev, Asamiddin, Marjona Kholikova, and Aziza Burkhonova. "Characteristics of bioecological development of legume pests and their control." BIO Web of Conferences 65 (2023): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20236501009.
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According to the research and observations, the pest damage of peanut varieties planted in the experimental field of the institute was different. Peanut oil is used in all areas of the national economy for the preparation of food, canning, varnish, soap, linoleum, perfumery, printing ink, medicine, and vegetable oil or animal fat. Oilseeds are not limited to obtaining oil, their pulp is a nutritious feed for livestock and a raw material for the processing industry. Compared to other crops (wheat, corn), oilseeds contain protein (45-50%) and oil (25-30%), and their total amount is on average 70-80%. In the article, 24 species of pests specialized in soybeans and peanuts were observed. Among the encountered pests, 8 types of pests with high economic damage were identified. These include Setona sylindricollis Fahr, Callosebruchus maculates Z, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis Fonse, Adelphocoris lineolatus Goes, Liriomysa cicerina Rond, Odontothrips intermedins Uzel, Cicadella virdis L, and Heliothis armigera Hb. Moreover, 6 types of pests, namely, Dociostaurus maroccanus Thunb, Setona cylindricollis Fahr, Sitona lineellus Bansd, Adelphocoris lineolatus Goes, Heliothis armigera Hb, and Agrotis segetum Schiff, were observed in soybean and peanut crops.
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Ожимкова, Елена Владимировна, and Владимир Владимирович Орлов. "ULTRASONIC EXTRACTION OF PROTEIN COMPLEXES FROM SEEDS OF LEGUME CROPS." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Химия, no. 4(46) (December 27, 2021): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtchem2021.4.18.
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В настоящее время все более актуальной задачей становится разработка и внедрение эффективных технологий переработки растительного сырья. Ультразвуковую экстракцию рассматривают как перспективный метод получения разнообразных биологически активных веществ из растительного материала. Однако, несмотря на большое разнообразие доказательств эффективности использования ультразвукового воздействия для интенсификации экстракционных процессов и большой потенциал применения данного метода в промышленности, актуальными являются научные исследования, позволяющие разрабатывать эффективные ресурсосберегающие методики получения различных классов биологически активных веществ из конкретного растительного сырья. В данной работе экспериментально подобраны условия ультразвукового воздействия, обеспечивающие максимальный выход белковых комплексов из семян бобовых культур. In recent years, the development and implementation of effective technologies for processing plant raw materials has become an increasingly urgent task. Ultrasonic extraction is considered as a promising method for obtaining a variety of biologically active substances from plant material. However, despite the wide variety of evidence of the effectiveness of the use of ultrasonic exposure to intensify extraction processes and the wide potential for the application of this method in industry, scientific research is relevant, allowing the development of effective resource-saving methods for obtaining various classes of biologically active substances from specific plant raw materials. In this work, the conditions of ultrasonic exposure have been experimentally selected to ensure the maximum yield of protein complexes from legume seeds.
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Winter, WH, RL McCown, and D. Zuill. "Legume-based pasture options for the live cattle trade from the Australian semi-arid tropics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960947.
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The extensive beef industry in the Northern Territory has been based almost exclusively upon native grass pastures for over a century. The recent development of an export trade for live cattle of specific age, weight and type, has increased returns over chilled manufacturing beef exports and has resulted in a demand for improved pastures that can support rapid growth of young cattle. This paper compares the potential of native grass pastures, legume ley pastures and permanent sown grass-legume pastures, in a range of configurations, to meet the market demand. Results of farming systems and sown pasture management experiments conducted at the Katherine Research Station are presented. Data from these experiments and other sources are used to explore options appropriate to the new market. Particular attention has been given to the time required for weaner steers to reach export target weights of 290-300 kg/head and the flexibility of systems to seasonal and animal variability. Permanent sown pastures are sustainable at stocking rates of about 2 steers/ha, but results indicate difficulty in maintaining legume dominance in the ley pastures, particularly if the cropping frequency is reduced. A proposal to use forage crops, rather than grain crops, to deplete soil nitrogen and reduce the incidence of weeds, is discussed. We recommend that ley pastures be retained as part of the management system, despite management difficulties, as they provide higher productivity and greater flexibility for farmers to meet the market requirements.
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Osorio, H., T. R. Preston, and A. W. Speedy. "The finishing of zebu bulls on steam-hydrolysed sugar cane bagasse with different supplements." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600011235.
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The fibrous residue remaining after juice extraction from the sugar cane stalk is commonly referred to as bagasse. It consists mainly of the ligno-cellulosic polymer matrix and small amounts of ash and water soluble solids which are mostly sucrose. In sugar industry mills, most of the bagasse is used as fuel, and although figures vary within each factory, energy efficient units can have 2 tonnes of surplus bagasse (dry basis) per 100 tonnes of fresh cane processed (Rolz et al). The bagasse can be supplemented with urea and legume protein in cattle diets. Research in Mauritius (Wong et al. 1974) showed that high pressure steam treatment (200°C) for 2-5 minutes raised rumen “in situ” digestibility from 30 to 60%. Subsequent work (Naidoo et al.1977) emphasised the critical role of supplements providing bypass nutrients (protein and glucose precursors) , in addition to urea-N and minerals for rumen microbes. In Colombia this technology is now being applied commercially for cattle fattening, using the foliage from the legume tree, Gliricidia sepium as the main source of bypass protein.
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Castellane, Tereza Cristina Luque, Bruna Fernanda Silva de Sousa, and Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos. "Exopolysaccharide Produced from Rhizobium spp. - An Interesting Product for Industry and Environment." Current Applied Polymer Science 3, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2452271603666191016143811.
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: Most legume species, such as soybeans, beans, and clover, have the ability to establish a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil, which promotes plant growth and productivity. Exopolysaccharide macromolecules are particularly necessary for binding the bacteria to root hairs and initiating the deformation of root hairs, thus trapping the bacteria to initiate root invasion through a tube-like infection thread. Very few studies have focused on the isolation and characterization of new rhizobial exopolysaccharides, despite their unique and specific biological and physicochemical properties. However, rhizobial exopolysaccharides may be studied in detail in the near future, for the development of suitable substitutes for xanthan gum. This review discusses some analytical strategies for characterization of rhizobial exopolysaccharide, the relation between their structure and properties, and a novel application of rhizobial exopolysaccharides. The potential application of exopolysaccharides and living cells as biosorbents has also been reviewed.
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Kirby, GWM, VJ Hristova, and S. Murti. "Conservation tillage and ley farming in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia - some economic aspects." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9961049.
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This paper examines some aspects of the economics of conservation tillage and ley farming in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia. The distribution, 1 value and major trends in the enterprises comprising the agricultural sector of the semi-arid tropics are discussed in an industry context. The likely economic benefits for the farmer from the adoption of conservation tillage and ley farming come from mulch retention and increased yields. These benefits vary with the frequency of grain cropping, the legume species used and the commodity price relativities. The benefits are likely to be larger in drier growing seasons. Data on other factors, such as soil type and seasons, were inadequate for economic analysis. Some ley farming systems are more profitable than single enterprises in the short term. In the long term, the best choice for sustainable farming systems in the semi-arid tropics appears to be a legume pasture system or a legume pasture-crop system. Results to date from ley farming studies show that experimental designs need to be modified to incorporate higher cropping frequencies and more comprehensive joint product measures in order to allow a more critical economic assessment. Additional benefits to society from the adoption of conservation tillage and ley farming are likely to come from minimising adverse on-farm and off-farm effects of agricultural activities. There are strong arguments for continuing support for research and development in ley farming technology and a joint sharing of the costs between farmers and the community generally.
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Suybeng, Bénédicte, Edward Charmley, Christopher P. Gardiner, Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli, and Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli. "Methane Emissions and the Use of Desmanthus in Beef Cattle Production in Northern Australia." Animals 9, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9080542.
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The Australian beef industry is a major contributor to the economy with an estimated annual revenue generation of over seven billion dollars. The tropical state of Queensland accounted for 48% of Australian beef and veal production in 2018. As the third biggest beef exporter in the world, Australia supplies 3% of the world’s beef exports and its agricultural sector accounts for an estimated 13.2% of its total greenhouse gas emissions. About 71% of total agricultural emissions are in the form of methane and nitrous oxide. In this review, an overview of the carbon footprint of the beef cattle production system in northern Australia is presented, with emphasis on the mitigation of greenhouse gases. The review also focuses on the tropical legume, Desmanthus, one of the more promising nutritional supplements for methane abatement and improvement of animal growth performance. Among the review’s findings is the need to select environmentally well-adapted and vigorous tropical legumes containing tannins that can persistently survive under the harsh northern Australian conditions for driving animal performance, improving meat quality and reducing methane emissions. The paper argues that the use of appropriate legumes such as Desmanthus, is a natural and preferred alternative to the use of chemicals for the abatement of methane emanating from tropical beef cattle production systems. It also highlights current gaps in knowledge and new research opportunities for in vivo studies on the impact of Desmanthus on methane emissions of supplemented tropical beef cattle.
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Bursakov, Sergey A., Pavel Yu Kroupin, Gennady I. Karlov, and Mikhail G. Divashuk. "Tracing the Element: The Molecular Bases of Molybdenum Homeostasis in Legumes." Agronomy 13, no. 9 (August 31, 2023): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13092300.
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The optimization of all constituent conditions to obtain high and even maximum yields is a recent trend in agriculture. Legumes play a special role in this process, as they have unique characteristics with respect to storing protein and many other important components in their seeds that are useful for human and animal nutrition as well as industry and agriculture. A great advantage of legumes is the nitrogen fixation activity of their symbiotic nodule bacteria. This nitrogen self-sufficiency contributes directly to the challenging issue of feeding the world’s growing population. Molybdenum is one of the most sought-after nutrients because it provides optimal conditions for the maximum efficiency of the enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation as well as other molybdenum-containing enzymes in the host plant and symbiotic nodule bacteria. In this review, we consider the most optimal way of providing legume plants with molybdenum, its distribution in ontogeny throughout the plant, and its accumulation at the end of the growing season in the seeds. Overall, molybdenum supply improves seed quality and allows for the efficient use of the micronutrient by molybdenum-containing enzymes in the plant and subsequently the nodules at the initial stages of growth after germination. A sufficient supply of molybdenum avoids competition for this trace element between nitrogenase and nodule nitrate reductase, which enhances the supply of nitrogen to the plant. Finally, we also consider the possibility of regulating molybdenum homeostasis using modern genetic approaches.
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Ghamkhar, K., C. Revell, and W. Erskine. "Biserrula pelecinus L. - genetic diversity in a promising pasture legume for the future." Crop and Pasture Science 63, no. 9 (2012): 833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12126.
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Biserrula pelecinus L. is a Mediterranean annual pasture legume and performs best on well drained sandy loams and medium loams with a pH 4.5–7. It is not suited to areas prone to waterlogging but persists well, even with hard summer grazing and in rotational systems. It is deep-rooted and remains green long after traditional pastures have dried off. Diversity analysis of germplasm collection of 279 accessions using 18 agro-morphological traits, 22 eco-geographical specifications of the collection sites, and amplified fragment length polymorphisms markers was conducted to develop a core collection of ~10% of the original collection. This core collection of 30 accessions from seven countries well represented the diversity of the whole collection. This core will be exploited for variation in photosensitivity effect in sheep together with other economically important traits challenging the livestock industry.
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van Leur, J. A. G., and S. G. Kumari. "A survey of lucerne in northern New South Wales for viruses of importance to the winter legume industry." Australasian Plant Pathology 40, no. 2 (January 20, 2011): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13313-011-0028-z.
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Vere, D. T., and M. H. Campbell. "Potential economic benefits to the Australian wool industry from improving pastures in the hill country of eastern New South Wales." Rangeland Journal 26, no. 2 (2004): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj04011.
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Large areas of undeveloped pastures in non-arable hill country in eastern New South Wales could be improved by aerial methods. The potential economic benefits of pasture improving a portion of the hill country area were evaluated in terms of the economic welfare changes in the Australian wool industry. Hill country wool producers and international wool consumers would derive nearly all of the benefits from this process. Other Australian and international wool producers would lose economic welfare because of the reduced price from increased regional wool production. For conservative anticipated levels of pasture improvement adoption, the overall benefits to the Australian wool industry had 15-year mean present values of between $30.2 million and $122.1 million, depending on whether the introduced pasture was predominantly perennial grass or legume based. The value of this analysis is that it provides improved economic information for planning investment in new pasture technologies in the Australian livestock industries.
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Moss, Wesley M., Andrew L. Guzzomi, Kevin J. Foster, Megan H. Ryan, and Phillip G. H. Nichols. "Harvesting subterranean clover seed – current practices, technology and issues." Crop and Pasture Science 72, no. 3 (2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20269.
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Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is Australia’s most widely sown annual pasture legume. Its widespread use as a pasture plant requires a well-functioning seed production industry, and Australia is the only significant producer of subterranean clover seed globally. However, the sustainability of this industry is under threat due to its reliance on ageing harvest equipment and the resultant environmental impacts. In order to evaluate seed harvesting practices, technology, and issues, we report on case studies, workshops, and a survey of seed producers across southern Australia. The Horwood Bagshaw Clover Harvester, designed in the 1950s, remains the most popular subterranean clover seed harvester. We discuss its use and modifications, and document several contemporary issues facing the seed production industry. Issues are primarily soil erosion and degradation; the expensive, slow and labour-intensive harvest process; and poor reliability and maintainability of harvesters that are now at least 30 years old. We conclude the root cause of these issues is the suction harvest technology utilised by the Horwood Bagshaw Clover Harvester. Analysis of the current harvest system is provided to support the development of new approaches to harvest subterranean clover seeds.
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Al Manar, P., A. Hikmat, and E. A. M. Zuhud. "The role of Leguminosae plants for soil fertility in oil palm plantations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1243, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1243/1/012016.
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Abstract The greatest and most lucrative plantation product in Indonesia is palm oil. The availability of nutrients in the soil affects how oil palm plants grow and develop. To overcome the low availability of nutrients in the soil to meet the needs of plants, fertilization operations are required. The concept of a green economy necessitates that the palm oil industry limits its usage of chemical fertilizers as well as chemical pest and disease management. Oil palm plants require a variety of fertilizers that are rich in macronutrients (N, P, and K), secondary nutrients (Ca and Mg), and micronutrients (B, Zn, and Cu). The potential use of biodiversity as a soil fertility agent, such as Leguminosae plants, must be researched. The purpose of this study is to define the function of Leguminosae plants in oil palm farms’ soil fertility. Several scientific papers that were pertinent to the research issue were studied for literature as part of the data collection process. Oil palm plantations in Indonesia have implemented the planting of legume cover crops (LCC). Planting LCC suppresses weed growth, protects the soil from direct sunlight and raindrops, reduces surface runoff, maintains soil moisture, and increases soil fertility. Neustanthus phaseoloides var. javanicus, Calopogonium caeruleum, C. mucunoides, Mucuna bracteata, M. pruriens var. utilis, and Centrosema pubescens are a few Leguminosae plants that can be used as cover crops. In addition to these species, planting Parkia timoriana, P. speciosa, and Archidendron pauciflorum trees can help improve soil fertility. Oil palm plantations with legumes have a higher clay texture, an average pH of 6.0, and high levels of N-total, P, K, and C-organic, whereas non-legume oil palm plantations have a sandy texture and high dust, an average pH of 5.3, and very low levels of N-total, P, K, and C-organic. Legumes, in addition to being a cover crop, can also be used as animal feed and to increase nutrient levels in plants. Planting LCC in oil palm plantations can affect the nutrient content of forages that grow under oil palm trees because the root nodules of LCC contain rhizobium bacteria that function to fix nitrogen from the air and are converted by the nitrogenase enzyme into ammonium and nitrate as a source of N for the LCC. The concept of integrated plantations can be applied to oil palm plantations by using LCC, which has hampered the growth of oil palm plants as animal feed, and P. timoriana, P. speciosa, and A. pauciflorum trees as economically valuable food plants.
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Brockwell, John, Janet I. Sprent, and David A. Day. "Fraser John Bergersen 1929 - 2011." Historical Records of Australian Science 24, no. 1 (2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr12019.
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Fraser Bergersen rose from humble beginnings in New Zealand to become a leading microbiologist who specialised in the physiology and biochemistry of legume nitrogen fixation. He and his family emigrated to Australia in 1954.Virtually all of his careerwas spent in Canberra at CSIRO Plant Industry. In the 1970s, Bergersen and colleagues achieved world-wide prominence when they elucidated the role of leghaemoglobin in facilitating oxygen diffusion to the Bradyrhizobium bacteroids in soybean nodules and in the nitrogen fixation process itself. During the rest of his working life, Fraser Bergersen contributed greatly to understanding the role of oxygen, the mode of its delivery, and terminal oxidases in all forms of biological nitrogen fixation.