Relevant bibliographies by topics / Legumes Soils

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Academic literature on the topic 'Legumes Soils'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Legumes Soils"

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Ewing, MA, AD Bathgate, RJ French, and CK Revell. "The role of crop and pasture legumes in rotations on duplex soils." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 32, no. 7 (1992): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9920971.

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Duplex soils are prominent in southern Australia and are generally low in fertility. Their agricultural performance is, therefore, suboptimal in most circumstances without an exogenous source of nitrogen. This is often supplied by legumes which are grown in rotation with non-leguminous crops. Both crop and pasture legumes are now widely used in southern Australia and the contribution that they make to the non-legume phase of rotations is through nitrogen fixation and through other mechanisms such as cereal disease breaks. We use a mathematical programming model, MIDAS (Model of an Integrated Farming Dryland Agricultural System), to investigate the role of legumes in the low rainfall wheatbelt of Western Australia. The impact of legumes on farm profitability is assessed with a special focus on the contribution of legumes grown on a duplex soil. By using the model, the sensitivity of rotation choice on this duplex soil to changes in biological and economic parameters is explored. We conclude that crop legumes, in particular, have a firmly established role on sandy-surfaced duplex soils in low rainfall regions and that substantial increases in both the productivity and legume content of pasture would be required to outperform rotations which include crop legumes.
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Hajduk, Edmund, Stanisław Właśniewski, and Ewa Szpunar-Krok. "Influence of legume crops on content of organic carbon in sandy soil." Soil Science Annual 66, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssa-2015-0019.

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AbstractThe paper presents the results of a 3-year field experiment designed to evaluate the content of organic carbon in brown soil (Haplic Cambisol Dystric) developed from a light loamy sand under legumes cultivation. Experimental factors were: species of legume crop (colorful-blooming pea(Pisum sativum), chickling vetch(Lathyrus sativus), narrow-leafed lupin(Lupinus angustifolius), methods of legumes tillage (legumes in pure culture and in mixture with naked oats) and mineral N fertilization (0, 30, 60, 90 kg N·ha−1). Cultivation of legumes on sandy soil did not result in an increase of organic carbon content in the soil after harvest as compared to the initial situation, i.e. 7.39 vs. 7.76 g·kg−1dry matter (DM), on average, respectively. However, there was the beneficial effect of this group of plants on soil abundance in organic matter, the manifestation of which was higher content of organic carbon in soils after legume harvest as compared to soils with oats grown (7.21 g·kg−1DM, on average). Among experimental crops, cultivation of pea exerted the most positive action to organic carbon content (7.58 g·kg−1, after harvest, on average), whereas narrow-leaved lupin had the least effect on organic carbon content (7.23 g·kg−1, on average). Pure culture and greater intensity of legume cultivation associated with the use of higher doses of mineral nitrogen caused less reduction in organic carbon content in soils after harvest.
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Pérez-Fernández, María A., and Byron B. Lamont. "Nodulation and performance of exotic and native legumes in Australian soils." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 5 (2003): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03053.

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Six Spanish legumes, Cytisus balansae, C. multiflorus, C. scoparius, C. striatus, Genista hystrix and Retama sphaerocarpa, were able to form effective nodules when grown in six south-western Australian soils. Soils and nodules were collected from beneath natural stands of six native Australian legumes, Jacksonia floribunda, Gompholobium tomentosum, Bossiaea aquifolium, Daviesia horrida, Gastrolobium spinosum and Templetonia retusa. Four combinations of soils and bacterial treatments were used as the soil treatments: sterile soil (S), sterile inoculated soils (SI), non-treated soil (N) and non-treated inoculated soils (NI). Seedlings of the Australian species were inoculated with rhizobia cultured from nodules of the same species, while seedlings of the Spanish species were inoculated with cultures from each of the Australian species. All Australian rhizobia infected all the Spanish species, suggesting a high degree of 'promiscuity' among the bacteria and plant species. The results from comparing six Spanish and six Australian species according to their biomass and total nitrogen in the presence (NI) or absence (S) of rhizobia showed that all species benefitted from nodulation (1.02–12.94 times), with R.�sphaerocarpa and C. striatus benefiting more than the native species. Inoculation (SI and NI) was just as effective as, or more effective than the non-treated soil (i.e. non-sterile) in inducing nodules. Nodules formed on the Spanish legumes were just as efficient at fixing N2 as were those formed on the Australian legumes. Inoculation was less effective than non-treated soil at increasing biomass but just as effective as the soil at increasing nitrogen content. Promiscuity in the legume–bacteria symbiosis should increase the ability of legumes to spread into new habitats throughout the world.
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Barneze, Arlete S., Jeanette Whitaker, Niall P. McNamara, and Nicholas J. Ostle. "Legumes increase grassland productivity with no effect on nitrous oxide emissions." Plant and Soil 446, no. 1-2 (November 16, 2019): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04338-w.

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Abstract Aims Grasslands are important agricultural production systems, where ecosystem functioning is affected by land management practices. Grass-legume mixtures are commonly cultivated to increase grassland productivity while reducing the need for nitrogen (N) fertiliser. However, little is known about the effect of this increase in productivity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in grass-legume mixtures. The aim of this study was to investigate interactions between the proportion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures and N-fertiliser addition on productivity and GHG emissions. We tested the hypotheses that an increase in the relative proportion of legumes would increase plant productivity and decrease GHG emissions, and the magnitude of these effects would be reduced by N-fertiliser addition. Methods This was tested in a controlled environment mesocosm experiment with one grass and one legume species grown in mixtures in different proportions, with or without N-fertiliser. The effects on N cycling processes were assessed by measurement of above- and below-ground biomass, shoot N uptake, soil physico-chemical properties and GHG emissions. Results Above-ground productivity and shoot N uptake were greater in legume-grass mixtures compared to grass or legume monocultures, in fertilised and unfertilised soils. However, we found no effect of legume proportion on N2O emissions, total soil N or mineral-N in fertilised or unfertilised soils. Conclusions This study shows that the inclusion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures positively affected productivity, however N cycle were in the short-term unaffected and mainly affected by nitrogen fertilisation. Legumes can be used in grassland management strategies to mitigate climate change by reducing crop demand for N-fertilisers.
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VANEK, STEVEN J., and LAURIE E. DRINKWATER. "INTEGRATING SCIENTIFIC AND LOCAL SOILS KNOWLEDGE TO EXAMINE OPTIONS BY CONTEXT INTERACTIONS FOR PHOSPHORUS ADDITION TO LEGUMES IN AN ANDEAN AGROECOSYSTEM." Experimental Agriculture 55, S1 (August 15, 2016): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479716000478.

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SUMMARYThis research sought to link Andean soil knowledge and farmer categorization of soil fertility to soil science characterization of soils, and use these to understand the impacts of phosphorus (P) fertilization of legumes using rock phosphate and soluble P fertilizer in 17 smallholder-managed sites with varying soil properties. We found that farmer high/low categorization of soils corresponded to soil P fertility and distance from farmer dwellings. Measures of soil P fertility also were inversely related to mycorrhizal colonization of vetch roots and directly related to the potential for P release by legume residues (C:P ratio). However, particular soil properties (texture and calcium phosphate pools) were better in explaining the response of legume biological nitrogen fixation to P addition, with maximal impacts in low-clay soils and soils with low calcium phosphates, as assessed with a dilute HCl extraction. In these conducive contexts, legume BNF increased 67 and 150% for RP and TSP, respectively (p < 0.05), with similar increases in biomass P stocks that showed promise for soil regeneration. In low-P fields, added P increased potential P release from legume residues via lower C:P ratios (p < 0.05). Percent cover of soil increased from 35% in the control to 45 and 55% with RP and TSP (p < 0.05), which shows potential for reduced erosion risk under P fertilization of legumes. We discuss results with respect to the integration of local farmer knowledge systems with exogenous scientific knowledge.
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Toda, Misato, and Yoshitaka Uchida. "Long-term use of green manure legume and chemical fertiliser affect soil bacterial community structures but not the rate of soil nitrate decrease when excess carbon and nitrogen are applied." Soil Research 55, no. 6 (2017): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17109.

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Legumes add not only nitrogen (N), but also carbon (C) to soils, so their effects on the soil microbial community may be different from those of chemical fertiliser. Soil microbes often compete with plants for N when excess C is applied due to their increased N immobilisation potentials and denitrification. In the present study we evaluated the effects of the 9-year use of a green manure legume (hairy vetch; Vicia villosa) in a greenhouse tomato system on soil microbial community structures as well as on the decrease of nitrate when rice straw was incorporated into the soil. Soil microbial community structures and their diversity were altered by the long-term use of legumes. The ratios of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria increased in the hairy vetch soils. The rates of decrease in nitrate were similar in soils with a history of chemical fertiliser and hairy vetch, following the addition of rice straw. In addition, during incubation with added rice straw, the difference between the two soil microbial community structures became less clear within 2 weeks. Thus, we conclude that even though growing a green manure legume changed soil bacterial community structures, this did not result in relatively faster loss of available N for plants when rice straw was added to the soils.
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Hansen, Emilie Marie Øst, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen, Eric Justes, Per Ambus, and Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen. "The Influence of Grain Legume and Tillage Strategies on CO2 and N2O Gas Exchange under Varied Environmental Conditions." Agriculture 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2021): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11050464.

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By this in vitro study addressing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from soil-plant mesocosms, we suggest a method to investigate the joint effects of environmental conditions, growth of plants, and agricultural soil management. Soils from two long-term agricultural trials in France were placed in climate chambers. The rotation trial was with or without grain legumes, and the tillage trial used plowing or reduced tillage. Environmental conditions consisted of two contrasting temperature regimes combined with ambient (400 ppm) or high (700 ppm) CO2 concentrations in climate chambers. The plant growth went from seeding to vegetative growth. Carbon dioxide gas exchange measurements were conducted in both soil types for a period representing initial plant growth. The CO2 exchange was influenced by the growing plants increasing the mesocosm respiration and gross ecosystem production. The environmental settings had no noticeable impact on the CO2 exchange in the soils from the legume trial. The CO2 exchange from the tillage trial soils exhibited variations induced by the environmental conditions depending on the tillage treatment. The N2O emission measurements in the legume trial soils showed little variability based on rotation, however, in soils with legumes, indications that higher temperatures will lead to more N2O emission were seen.
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Mhango, Wezi G., Sieglinde S. Snapp, and George Y. K. Phiri. "Opportunities and constraints to legume diversification for sustainable maize production on smallholder farms in Malawi." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 28, no. 3 (May 16, 2012): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170512000178.

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AbstractSustainable intensification of smallholder farms in Africa is highly dependent on enhancing biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Legume diversification of maize-based systems is a core example of sustainable intensification, with the food security of millions of farm families at stake. This study highlights the constraints and opportunities associated with the adoption of legumes by smallholder farmers in southern Africa. A two-part survey of households and farm fields (n=88) was conducted in the Ekwendeni watershed of northern Malawi. Participatory research and education activities have been underway for over a decade in this region, resulting in expanded uptake of a range of legume species as intercrops and in rotation with the staple maize crop. Farmer adoption has occurred to a varying extent for soybean (Glycine max), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) and fish bean (Tephrosia vogelii). Farmers, working with the project valued pigeon pea and other legumes for soil fertility purposes to a greater extent than farmers not working with the project. Legumes were valued for a wide range of purposes beyond soil cover and fertility enhancement, notably for infant nutrition (at least for soybean), insect control, and vegetable and grain production for both market and home consumption. Literature values for BNF in tropical legumes range up to 170 kg N ha−1for grain and 300 kg N ha−1for green manure species; however, our field interviews illustrated the extent of constraints imposed by soil properties on smallholder fields in Malawi. The key edaphic constraints observed were very deficient to moderate phosphorus levels (range 4–142, average 33 mg kg−1), and moderately acid soils (range pH 5.1–7.9, average 6.2). The per farm hectarage devoted to legume production relative to maize production was also low (0.15 versus 0.35 ha), a surprising find in an area with demonstrated interest in novel legume species. Further, farmers showed a strong preference for legumes that produced edible grain, regardless of the associated nutrient removal in the harvested grain, and did not sow large areas to legume crops. These farm-level decisions act as constraints to BNF inputs in maize-based smallholder cropping systems. Overall, we found that legume productivity could be enhanced. We documented the value of policies and educational efforts that support farmers gaining access to high-quality seeds, amendments for phosphorus-deficient soils, and promotion of multipurpose legumes that build soils through leafy residues and roots, as well as providing grain for food security and sales.
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Prévost and E. S P. Bromfield, D. "Diversity of symbiotic rhizobia resident in Canadian soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 83, Special Issue (August 1, 2003): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s01-066.

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The dependency of agriculture on nitrogen fertilizer inputs is associated with adverse effects on the environment and human health. The importance of biological nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in symbiotic association with legumes is underscored by its potential to reduce or replace chemical fertilizer inputs. This paper reviews research on the diversity of the symbiotic rhizobia resident in Canadian soils. Research has focussed on phenotypic and genotypic variation (e.g., nitrogen fixing efficacy, nodulating competitiveness, host range, adaptation to cool climate) within rhizobial species with the objective of selecting efficient strains for use in inoculants for legume crops. The genetic diversity of rhizobia resident in Canadian soils has been reported only for Sinorhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium leguminosarum and Mesorhizobium spp. There is a need for further studies on populations of other rhizobial species, particularly those associated with native legumes. Exploiting the diversity present in natural soil populations via selection and genetic manipulation should permit the development of superior strains for use in legume inoculants. Other rhizobial traits that may be exploited include plant growth-promoting activity and ability to degrade pollutants. Key words: Symbiotic rhizobia, diversity, Canadian soils
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Campbell, C. A., V. O. Biederbeck, G. E. Winkleman, and G. P. Lafond. "Influence of legumes and fertilization on deep distribution of available phosphorus (Olsen-P) in a thin Black Chernozemic soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 73, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss93-055.

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Inorganic phosphorus (P) is generally believed to be relatively immobile in Chernozemic soils. However, available P (e.g., Olsen-P) has been found at depth in some soils and this has been postulated to be either the result of leaching or of transportation by plant roots. Lagumes, in particular, are believed to be involved in the latter mechanism. A long-term (34-yr) crop rotation study conducted on a heavy clay, thin Black Chernozemic soil at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, was sampled to a depth of 4.5 m in May and September 1991, to determine the influence of fertilization, cropping frequency, legume green manure and legume-grass hay crops on Olsen-P distribution in the soil profile. The results indicated that Olsen-P may indeed leach in Chernozemic soils, especially when fallow-containing cropping systems are fertilized. It also appeared that deep-rooted legumes, such as sweetclover Melilotus officinalis L.) green manure and alfalfa-bromegrass (Medicago sativa L. — Bromus inermis Leyss) hay crops do increase Olsen-P in the subsoil, possibly through root decomposition in situ. Key words: Rotations, bicarbonate-soluble Pi, legumes, green manure, fertilizers
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Legumes Soils"

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Metcalf, Sarah Jean. "Symbiotic nitrogen fixation and establishment of six Montana native legumes species." Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/metcalf/MetcalfS0805.pdf.

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Bala, Abdullahi. "Biodiversity of rhizobia which nodulate fast-growing tree legumes in tropical soils." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391891.

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Doel, J. M. "Accumulation and recovery of nitrogen in mixed farming systems using legumes and other fertility building crops." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/9dd4b790-1672-4b0e-9104-09439ddde7a2/1.

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Fertility-building crops (FBCs) offer the opportunity to alleviate the costs of inorganic fertiliser by providing an alternative supply of available nitrogen (N) in soils. A survey of relevant literature reviewed the types of FBCs, their nitrogen accumulation potentials, residue characteristics, and subsequent release patterns. It also identified a paucity of data concerning the response of different species to UK climatic, soil, and management conditions. In order to investigate these relationships further pot and field trials were established in 2007 at the Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester (SP 00481 01382) and at Coates Manor Farm (SO 98473 00402) on Sherborne series (typical Cotswold) soils, to investigate the biology and morphology of FBCs potentially suitable for short term fertility-building, their accumulation of N under field conditions, and its subsequent recovery within test crops. Data so obtained was used as a verification and refinement tool for the FBC model (Cuttle et al, 2003), a simple, commercially applicable, rotation-based model which can be applied to both organic and conventional production systems. Nine leguminous and two non-leguminous FBC treatments were established in April 2007 by straight sowing, followed by mulching at the conclusion of the nitrogen accumulation phase and by undersowing in spring barley (Hordeum sativum). The recovery test crops (winter and spring wheat Triticum aestivum L.) were established in September 2007 and March 2008. All FBCs established successfully. Above-ground dry matter (DM) yield and residue quality (C:N ratio) of FBCs varied significantly (P<0.05) between crops and cropping regimes with a significant correlation (r2=0.418) between DM yields and C:N ratios. FBCs and cropping regimes had significant effects (P<0.001 and P<0.05 respectively) on potential mineralisable nitrogen (PMN) levels in the soil and on the grain yields of winter and spring wheat test crops. Straight sown Lupinus albus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens and a legume mixture resulted in higher winter wheat grain yields. However, the opportunity cost associated with straight sowing (i.e. the gross margin foregone from a spring barley crop) meant that the rotation would probably not be viable economically. Undersown Medicago lupulina, Vicia villosa, T. pratense, T. repens and the legume mixture gave worthwhile yield increases in spring wheat without incurring a yield penalty in the spring barley cover crop. Following enhancement and using actual data from the trials, the FBC model (Cuttle et al, 2003) provided encouraging predictions (R>0.6) for soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) and key parameters were identified for future use. It was concluded that FBCs established for short term soil fertility building could provide a worthwhile enhancement of soil N levels and grain yields in a conventional arable rotation, particularly in spring wheat following FBCs undersown in spring barley. It was also concluded that the FBC model (Cuttle et al, 2003), following further enhancement, and using additional data from these and other similar trials, could provide reasonably accurate estimates of SMN to aid more precise applications of N fertiliser in the future.
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Bagheri, Kazemabad Abdolreza. "Boron tolerance in grain legumes with particular reference to the genetics of boron tolerance in peas." Title page, summary and contents only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb144.pdf.

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Maistry, Pravin Mark. "Aspalathus and Podalyria legumes balance acquisition of phosphorus and nitrogen for growth in nutrient poor fynbos soils." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15705.

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Legume species nodulate and grow successfully in the Core Cape Subregion, a Mediterranean-climate ecosystem with fynbos vegetation found on infertile soils. The physiological mechanisms enabling tolerance of low availability of phosphorus (P) are yet to be reported in Cape legume species such as Aspalathus linearis and Podalyria calyptrata; species that demonstrated traits typical of plants from nutrient poor soils. In the three research chapters of the thesis, it was anticipated that low P supply would limit plant growth and increase expression of traits for P acquisition.
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Maistry, Pravin Mark. "Phosphorous requirement of indigenous N-fixing legumes and rhizobial diversity in the low P soils of the Cape floristic region, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11732.

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Soils of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) vary in phosphorous (P) availability and legume species tend to be distributed in specific edaphic habitats. Eighteen indigenous CFR legume species were grouped as high-P, low-P, Pgeneralist and unclassified plants, by associating their distribution with soil [P] in the CFR. It was hypothesized that the low-P group would be superior N2-fixers than the high-P group at low P supply.
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Sánchez, Vanessa. "Characterization of Rhizobial Diversity and Relationship of Rhizobial Partner and Legume Performance in Four South Florida Pine Rockland Soils." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1124.

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Pine rocklands are endangered ecosystems unique to south Florida, the Bahamas and Cuba. As a result of their karstic calcium carbonate­rich soil, these systems are limited in phosphorus and nitrogen, making symbiotic associations critical to plant growth. Four leguminous species (Cajanus cajan, Chamaecrista fasciculata, Tephrosia angustissima, and Abrus precatorious) were used to determine the relationship between rhizobial partners and plant performance, and the symbiosis related gene nifH was amplified to characterize the diversity of rhizobial symbionts. Plants were grown in soils from four different south Florida pine rocklands, and a salinity treatment was added to determine how storm surge and sea level rise could affect this symbiotic relationship. While plant performance and nodulation were highly impacted by soil type, salinity did not represent a significant effect. Phylogenetic analysis determined that all four plant species were found to associate with Bradyrhizobium spp. and no rhizobial shift between salinity treatment and soil type was found.
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Crawford, Michael Cameron. "Quantification of the belowground inputs of organic carbon by the annual pasture legume barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.)." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc8988.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 164-193. This study aims to quantify the belowground input of organic carbon by barrel medic using techniques that account for root death and decomposition as well as root secretion and exudation. It also investigates the effect of defoliation on carbon allocation within the plant so as to determine the potential for optimising carbon input to the soil through grazing management.
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Chanway, Christopher Peter. "Plant/bacteria coadaptation in a grass/legume pasture." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26972.

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The relationship between plants and rhizosphere bacteria collected from a 45 year old permanent pasture was investigated. Several methods of strain identification within Rhizobium trifolii were evaluated. Separation of bacterial isolates based on differences in intrinsic antibiotic resistance was not appropriate because strains developed hybrid resistance patterns when grown in a common broth. Serological analyses of bacterial antigens using polyclonal antiserum yielded two reliable methods for identifying R. trifolii isolates. Agglutination and immunofluorescence procedures were not useful in distinguishing these strains but immunodiffusion and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were highly suitable. Adaptation of the ELISA allowed isolates to be identified directly from individual root nodules without first subculturing the bacteria. A strain of Bacillus polymyxa isolated from the same pasture was shown to stimulate growth of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.). The primary manifestation of the effect was increased root weight (P < 0.05), but shoot responses were also observed. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) generally reacted negatively to inoculation with this bacterium. Further stimulation of growth was noted when ramets of the white clover genotype homologous to (sharing a common origin) B. polymyxa were inoculated in pure stands (P < 0.05). Clones of the homologous perennial ryegrass genotype also showed a yield increase from slightly below control levels to slightly above them when tested in a similar manner. Detailed analysis of the crested wheatgrass response to inoculation revealed that bacterial production of indole acetic acid was the most likely cause of the growth stimulation. Other bacterial characteristics such as the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen or to solubilize organic phosphorus were concluded to be unrelated to the growth response. Co-adaptive compatibility between genotypes of L. perenne and T. repens was not apparent when the effect of R. trifolii was ignored. However, when clones of pasture plants that had been neighbours in the field were inoculated with R. trifolii isolated from root nodules of the "parental" clover genotype, biotic specialization between the pasture plants became evident. The magnitude of the effect, which was characterized by superior white clover yields (P < 0.05), could be largely accounted for by the presence of the adapted L. perenne/R. trifolii combinations, regardless of the white clover genotype. Since T. repens was the dominant component in the species mixture, these trends were also apparent when total forage biomass was analyzed (P < 0.05). However, ecological combining ability was found to be lowest in these associations (P < 0.05). Similar experimentation with isolates of B. polymyxa (or B. polymyxa-like organisms) was performed. Again the grass/bacteria combination was shown to be influential in the growth response as the presence of homologous L. perenne/B. polymyxa combinations resulted in superior white clover and perennial ryegrass performance (P < 0.05). When T. repens was inoculated with a mixture of R. trifolii strains, unrelated isolates formed more root nodules than did homologous ones (P < 0.05). The presence of perennial ryegrass did not mitigate this effect. However, when homologous R. trifolii was administered as a single strain inoculum, yield advantages in white clover were observed (P < 0.05). If B. pol ymyxa was present, homologous strains of R. trifolii tended to form most of the root nodules regardless of the T. repens or L. perenne genotypes. The significance of the yield advantages observed in various two and three-way plant/microbe genotype combinations is discussed with respect to above ground plant performance.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
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Solomon, Juan Kevin Quamina. "A NOVEL APPROACH TO GRASS-LEGUME MANAGEMENT." MSSTATE, 2010. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-03082010-150159/.

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A 2-yr grazing study quantified pasture and animal responses of four forage systems (FS) grazed at two stocking rates (SR; 3 or 6 animals ha-1). Using Marshall‟ annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and Durana‟ white clover (Trifolium repens L.), FS treatments included spatially separated grass and legumes within the same paddock (SS), monoculture grass (MG), monoculture legume (ML), and a binary grass and legume mixture (MIX). Annual herbage mass (HM) was similar among FS at high SR (1900 kg ha-1), but at low SR, grass plots had greater HM (2900 vs. 2000 kg ha-1) than plots of legume monocultures. Animals on SS (1.12 kg) had greater average daily gain (ADG) than ML (0.97 kg), but neither was different from MG (1.08 kg) or MIX (1.00 kg). Low SR animals had greater ADG than high SR (1.09 vs. 0.99 kg). These results indicate that SS grazing system can improve pasture productivity.

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Books on the topic "Legumes Soils"

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Szpunar-Krok, Ewa. Produkcyjne i ekonomiczne efekty wybranych technologii produkcji nasion roślin strączkowych w siewie czystym i ich mieszanek ze zbożami: Rozprawa habilitacyjna. Rzeszów: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, 2011.

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Subbarao, G. V. Spatial distribution and quantification of rice-fallows in South Asia: Potential for legumes. Patancheru: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 2001.

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Lazier, J. R., and N. Ahmad, eds. Tropical forage legumes: harnessing the potential of iDesmanthus/i and other genera for heavy clay soils. Wallingford: CABI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780646282.0000.

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Methodologies for screening soil-improving legumes. Kutztown, Pa., U.S.A: Rodale Institute, 1991.

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Meena, Ram Swaroop, Anup Das, Gulab Singh Yadav, and Rattan Lal, eds. Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0253-4.

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Calegari, Ademir. Leguminosas para adubação verde de verão no Paraná. Londrina [Brazil]: IAPAR, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, 1995.

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Sulieman, Saad, and Lam-Son Phan Tran, eds. Legume Nitrogen Fixation in Soils with Low Phosphorus Availability. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55729-8.

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Sarrantonio, Marianne. Metodologías de evalucación leguminosas mejoradoras del suelo. Kuztown, PA: Instituto Rodale, 1995.

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Hoover, Thomas P. Effectiveness of legume seeding for soil erosion: Final report. Sacramento, Calif.]: State of California, Dept. of Transportation, Division of New Technology, Materials and Research, Office of Research, Corrosion, Enviro-Chemical & Graphics, Erosion Control, Graphics & Geosynthetics Branch, 1991.

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Bationo, Andre, Boaz Waswa, Jeremiah M. Okeyo, Fredah Maina, Job Kihara, and Uzo Mokwunye, eds. Fighting Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Multiple Roles of Legumes in Integrated Soil Fertility Management. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1536-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Legumes Soils"

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Meena, Ram Swaroop, and Rattan Lal. "Legumes and Sustainable Use of Soils." In Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management, 1–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0253-4_1.

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Schubert, S. "Nitrogen assimilation by legumes — processes and ecological limitations." In Nitrogen Economy in Tropical Soils, 99–107. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1706-4_9.

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Kerridge, P. C. "Adaptation of shrub legumes to acid soils." In Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH, 977–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3438-5_110.

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Hashem, M. A. "Ecophysiological studies of cyanobacteria in paddy soils of Bangladesh." In Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, 333–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5232-7_39.

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Hegazi, N. A., M. Fayez, G. Amin, M. A. Hamza, M. Abbas, H. Youssef, and M. Monib. "Diazotrophs associated with non-legumes grown in sandy soils." In Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, 209–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5232-7_24.

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Waqas, Muhammad, Abdul Hannan, and Abdul Gaffar Sagoo. "Combating phosphorus deficiency on alkaline calcareous soils by adsorption isotherm technique for legume crops in arid environments." In Legumes under Environmental Stress, 285–99. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118917091.ch17.

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Huss-Danell, Kerstin, and Ann-Kristin Frej. "Distribution of Frankia in soils from forest and afforestation sites in northern Sweden." In Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, 407–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4378-0_30.

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Dalal, R. C., W. M. Strong, E. J. Weston, J. E. Cooper, K. J. Lehane, and A. J. King. "Comparison of legumes and fertilizer nitrogen for wheat production in subtropical Australia." In Nitrogen Economy in Tropical Soils, 363–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1706-4_35.

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Qureshi, Javed A., Yusuf Zafar, and Kauser A. Malik. "Klebsiella sp. NIAB-I: A new diazotroph, associated with roots of kallar grass from saline sodic soils." In Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, 115–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0889-5_15.

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Hegazi, N. A., H. M. Khawas, R. S. Farag, and M. Monib. "Effect of incorporation of crop residues on development of diazotrophs and patterns of acetylene-reducing activity in Nile Valley soils." In Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, 383–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4378-0_28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Legumes Soils"

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Lukhashov, V. N., and A. N. Isakov. "Yield and quality of legumes-festulolium feeds when cultivated on gray forest soils of Kaluga region." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-134.

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Soroka, Andrey, Natal'ya Kostyuchenko, and Andrey Gaponyuk. "Productivity of perennial herbs on peat-mineral soils in the conditions of Polesie." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-130-134.

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The results of studies on the productivity of perennial grasses on peat-mineral soil of Polesye are presented. Sowing alfalfa turned out to be the most productive crop among perennial leguminous herbs. Pasture legumes and grasses were slightly different in productivity. The introduction of an additional bean component in pasture mixtures did not contribute to a significant increase in the productivity of perennial herbs.
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Dane, Sandra, Valda Laugale, Līga Lepse, and Dace Siliņa. "Influence of legumes on soil fertility in strawberry – legume intercropping." In Research for Rural Development, 2017. Latvia University of Agriculture, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.23.2017.045.

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Kutuzova, Anel, Elena Provornaya, Ekaterina Sedova, and Nadezhda Tsybenko. "EFFICIENCY OF NEW VARIETIES OF BEAN GRASSES IN MEADOW FARMING." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-9-13.

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Based on the field experiment conducted in 2014–2019, it was found that the productivity of leguminous-grassy stands on sod-podzolic soil was increased by 97–120% compared to cereal grass on average over five years of use. The increase in the collection of edible feed per 1 kg of legume seeds was 1.2–5.1 thousand feed units for this period. Payback 1 ruble costs of seeds of legumes due to the conditionally net income reached 41–44 rubles when using alfalfa and 76–173 rubles when using creeping clover and meadow clover.
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Kozlova, Zoya, Lyubov' Matais, and Ol'ga Glushkova. "Influence of sainfoin on soil fertility and agro-economic indicators of fodder crop rotations under conditions of East Siberia." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-67-72.

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Under conditions of East Siberia, the positive effect of sainfoin on the fertility of gray forest soil and the introduction of this crop into fodder five-course rotations have been studied. In Siberia the Hungarian sainfoin (Onobrychis arenaria) is well-spread. As a control variant the crop rotation without perennial legume crops (sainfoin-free) was taken. Our research on the introduction of a new legume crop — sainfoin has shown that the content of mobile phosphorus, on the average in crop rotations, varies from 15.3 to 17.1 mg per 100 g of soil, the value of the nitrate nitrogen indicator — from 21.5 to 25.3 mg/kg. The intake of organic matter into the soil, due to a green manure — sainfoin — increases the humus content to 4.8–4.9 %. The rise in the yield of cultivated grain-forage crops after perennial legumes has been proved. Thus, the yield of pea-oats amounted 2.0–2.4 t/ha feed units. Among the crops harvested for green mass corn was more productive. It provided 1.8–2.2 t/ha of feed units. Pea-oats gave less productivity — from 1.5 t/ha of feed units in a control variant to 1.8 t/ha of feed units in the variants with sainfoin. The yielding capacity of sainfoin was 2.1–2.2 t/ha of feed units. The average yield for crop rotations with sainfoin was higher than the control by 16.6 %. Taking the obtained data into account, it may be concluded that all three five-course crop rotations are productive, the best, according to all criteria, is the variant with two fields of sainfoin providing the decline in cost price up to 3529.9 rub. one feed unit, the high level of pure income 11848 rub./ha and the biggest coefficient of energy efficiency — 3.0
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Lukashov, Vladimir, Tat'yana Korotkova, and Aleksandr Isakov. "Efficiency of cultivation of perennial legume-grass mixtures on gray forest soils of Kaluga region." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production23 (71). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2020-23-71-135-139.

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The results of research conducted by the authors on gray forest soils in Kaluga region. Shows the energy efficiency of cultivation of perennial and annual fodder crops are calculated based on actual energy consumption and release of metabolic energy yield. The data on the effect of perennial grasses on the content of humus and the change in the acidity of the soil. The scheme to study the efficiency of common crops of different varieties of red clover, lucerne and festulolium changeable, it provides a brief description of the studied cultures. Shows data on yield of green mass, harvesting of 1 hectare of dry matter, metabolizable energy and crude protein according to variants of experience. On the basis of obtained results the conclusion about the feasibility of using the studied mixtures to increase the energy and protein value of feeds, ensuring the most efficient use of nonrenewable energy, conservation and improvement of soil fertility, sustainability of agro ecosystems.
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Hasdemir, Mehmet, Bülent Miran, Mine Hasdemir, and Tijen Özüdoğru. "Analysis of Effective Factors on Legumes Production in Terms of Sustainability in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01405.

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The changes in the economic, social and cultural life affect the agricultural and food sector from production to consumption. All these changes affect the protection of soil and water resources and the production and consumption of legumes which is the protein source of over 2 billion people. On the other hand, while cereal production has increased by 6.1%, oil seed production has increased by 100.2%, legumes production has decreased by 28.8% in Turkey. This situation is very important for sustainability in Turkey which is 3rd lentil producer, 4th chickpea producer and 23rd dry beans producer all over the world. The objective of the study is examined the effective factors on legumes production in terms of sustaining the production. For this purpose, the relationship between the legumes producers socio-economical characteristics and other factors (as price, marketing etc.), and sustainability of production is analysing by Logit analysis method. In this context, in 2014, a face to face survey is conducted by 835 producers in 14 provinces. According the results, total farm size and crop price are determined as effective factors for sustainability.
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Hrechykhina, Alina, and Yana Yatsyshina. "EFFECT OF THE CULTIVATION OF LEGUMES ON THE DYNAMICS OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL FERTILITY RATE." In Relevant Issues of the Development of Science in Central and Eastern European Countries. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-588-11-2_4.

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Stevovic, Vladeta, Dalibor Tomic, Dragan Đurovic, and Milomirka Madic. "UNAPREĐENJE PROIZVODNJE STOČNE HRANE NA PRIRODNIM TRAVNJACIMA." In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.119s.

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Yield and quality of forage mainly depend on the floristic composition, ie the share of higher quality grasses and legumes, soil fertility, amount and distribution of precipitation and light. Natural meadows and pastures are the most important resource in the forage production in the hilly and mountainous area of Republic of Serbia. Despite the large areas, the forage production on natural grasslands is relatively low. Limited application of a small number of agrotechnical measures is the main reason for low and unstable yields and poor forage quality. Only by appropriate fertilization of meadows and pastures with mineral and organic fertilizers, their rational exploitation, it is possible to achieve an increase in hay yield by several times and improvement in forage quality, simultaneously.
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Lencautan, M. "Determinarea nivelului de rezistenţă a genotipurilor contra atacul bolilor principale a materialului genetic de ameliorare a culturilor leguminoase pe fonduri naturale şi artificiale de infecţie." In International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.69.

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In the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Moldova, legume crops are attacked by a complex of harmful species, which present a danger in decreasing the level of plant productivity. To solve the problem of increasing the level of production, the basic factor is to estimate highly productive varieties (hybrids), adopted under stressful environmental conditions endowed with high levels of resistance to harmful pathogens can later be used in the process of plant improvement as initial genetic material.
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Reports on the topic "Legumes Soils"

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Graef, Rhonda, Cynthia A. Cambardella, and Matthew Z. Liebman. Legume Identity and Timing of Incorporation Effects on Soil Responses to Green Manure. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2527.

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Woldeyohanes, Tesfaye, Karl Hughes, Kai Mausch, and Judith Oduol. Adoption of improved grains legumes and dryland cereals crop varieties: A synthesis of evidence. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21022.pdf.

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Like other crop improvement programs, a key prerequisite for the CGIAR Research Program on Grain Legumes and Dryland Cereals (CRP GLDC) to generate large-scale impact is large-scale adoption. Hence, evidencing the breadth and depth of such adoption is both of intrinsic interest and important for estimating downstream impacts, such as improved food and nutritional security, income, resilience, and soil health. While various GLDC adoption studies have been undertaken, a recent effort to systematically review these studies and synthesize the results is lacking. We undertook such a review, identifying 69 studies and 35 independent country crop combinations (CCCs). To generate aggregated and updated estimates of GLDC improved varietal adoption, we devised and applied a procedure to estimate national cropping areas under such varieties and, in turn, the number of adopting households. Estimates derived from household surveys and expert opinion solicitation are treated with higher and lower levels of confidence, respectively. As of 2019, we estimate from higher confidence studies that improved GLDC crops were cultivated on 15.37 million hectares of land by 17.64 million households in CRP GLDC’s 13 priority countries. With the inclusion of lower confidence studies, these numbers increase to 32 and 44.64 million, respectively. We are further confident that the program exceeded its adoption target of 8.9 million newly adopting households from 2011, particularly when likely spillovers vis-à-vis non-surveyed areas, non-priority countries, and non-priority crops in priority countries are considered.
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