Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Légumineuses – Fléaux – Lutte contre'
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Hamraoui, Abdelaziz. "Adaptation d'Acanthoscelides obtectus say (coléoptère-bruchidae) bruche du haricot (phaseolus vulgaris L. ) à des légumineuses originellement non hôtes et protection végétale induite par des plantes et extraits aromatiques et leurs dérivés allèlochimiques." Pau, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PAUU3013.
Full textCaron, Daniel. "Épidémiologie de la rouille brune du blé (Puccinia recondita f. Sp. Tritici) dans le Sud-Ouest de la France." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT011A.
Full textJourand, Philippe. "Les légumineuses du genre "Crotalaria" : symbiose fixatrice d'azote et activités biologiques contre les nématodes phytoparasites." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20127.
Full textOkeke, Boniface. "Recherche de substances antifongiques d'origine fongique à usage agricole : contribution à la lutte contre les phytopathogènes du riz (Orysa sativa)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE18012.
Full textDemeule, Elizabeth. "Effet répressif de Bacillus subtilis et de Bacillus pumilus envers Rhizoctonia solani sur tomate et concombre de serre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66758.
Full textLeroy, Valentin. "Décontamination des grains de blé et d'orge par traitements aux ultrasons." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27917.
Full textMunsch, Patricia. "Lutte biologique contre la tache bactérienne du champignon de Paris au moyen de bactériophages : Spécificité et efficacité du bactériophage TO.1." Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU3008.
Full textGely-Deschamps, Isabelle. "Le dépérissement de la chataigneraie audoise : analyse spatiale d'un complexe épidémiologique et contribution à la lutte contre l'Endothia parasitica dans la massif de Cuxac-Cabardés-Caudebronde." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20057.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify the different levels of sensibility of some areas infected by the chestnut blight. This kind of epidemiologic approach is designed as a spatialized analysis so as to emphasize the environment's factors which have a strong influence on the chestnut blight. In a first time, we used the functions geographic information system cartima, from which was created a localized data base including most of the factors assumed to influence the chestnut blight. The area of study is located in cabardes, south of montagne noire (south east of france). Working the data base allows to identify some of these factors propitious to the infection : exposition se-s-sw, altitude lower than 550m, location in valley bottom, copse density (strong in shoots and weak in stumps), high interspecificity in the chestnut population, nearness to roads and ways. In a second time, we attempted to search for more directs means for controlling the chestnut blight. Two experiments were achieved in field and in laboratory. These experiments point out the interest of a sanitary clearing in a sick but young (inferior to 15 years old) chestnut population, in so far as it allows to make healthier the infected copse, and to be propitious to the copse growth. However, all these experiments require further confirmations of these first conclusions
Bendahmane, Boubekeur Seddik. "Contribution à la lutte chimique contre drechslera teres (Sacc. ) shoem. , agent de l'helminthosporiose de l'orge." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT010A.
Full textBenmoussa-Haichour, Dalila. "Relations termites-nématodes entomopathogènes : applications à la lutte biologique." Paris 12, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA120039.
Full textBouchard-Rochette, Mathieu, and Mathieu Bouchard-Rochette. "Bacillus pumilus et Bacillus subtilis pour lutter contre la pourriture grise chez la tomate et le concombre de serre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38128.
Full textCette étude s’inscrit dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche destiné à évaluer le potentiel d’utilisation en horticulture des bactéries Bacillus pumilus souche PTB180 et Bacillus subtilis souche PTB185. Elle avait pour objectifs (1) d’évaluer in vitro l’activité antagoniste contre Botrytis cinerea des souches PTB180 et PTB185, (2) d’estimer leur capacité à survivre sur la phyllosphère de la tomate et du concombre et 3) d’évaluer leur effet sur le développement de la pourriture grise (B. cinerea) sur des plants de tomate et de concombre cultivés en serre. L'activité antagoniste de PTB180 et PTB185 a été évaluée en boîtes de Pétri sur géloses, sur tissus foliaires de tomate et de concombre et sur fruits de tomate. Les deux souches ont inhibé très fortement la croissance mycélienne et la germination des spores de B. cinerea sur géloses. Sur feuilles de tomate et sur disques foliaires de concombre, PTB185 et le mélange (1:1) des deux souches ont réduit significativement (p ≤ 0,01) la croissance mycélienne de B. cinerea comparativement aux témoins. PTB180 a réprimé significativement la croissance mycélienne de B. cinerea sur les fruits de tomate. Afin d'estimer la survie de PTB180 et PTB185 sur la phyllosphère, des plants de tomate et de concombre ont été pulvérisés jusqu'à ruissellement avec une suspension (1×107 unités formatrices de colonies [UFC]/mL) de PTB180, PTB185 ou d'un mélange (1:1) des deux souches. Les populations de chaque souche ont ensuite été suivies au cours du temps sur les feuilles. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les souches survivent au moins 21 jours sur les plants de tomate et de concombre avec un taux de survie variant de 43% à 100%. De plus, pratiquement aucune variation dans les proportions de chaque souche n'a été observée au fil du temps lorsque PTB180 et PTB185 étaient appliquées en mélange. Enfin, l’application foliaire de PTB180, PTB185 et du mélange (1:1) des deux souches a permis une réduction significative de l’incidence et de la sévérité de la pourriture grise chez des plants de tomate et de concombre inoculés avec B. cinerea et cultivés en serre. Les souches PTB180 et PTB185 ont montré au cours de cette étude une forte activité antagoniste envers B. cinerea, la capacité de survivre sur la phyllosphère de plants de tomate et de concombre et de réprimer le développement de la pourriture grise chez ces derniers. Ces souches pourraient éventuellement être utilisées comme agents de lutte biologique contre la pourriture grise du concombre et de la tomate de serre.
Affia, Hicham. "Évaluation de différents sels et mélanges de sels pour lutter contre "Pseudomonas cichorii" dans la laitue." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26797.
Full textAllaire, Mathieu, and Mathieu Allaire. "Diversité fonctionnelle des Pseudomonas producteurs d'antibiotiques dans les rhizosphères de conifères en pépinières et en milieu naturel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18046.
Full textLa production de millions de semis voués à la reforestation est affectée par les problèmes de pourritures racinaires. Afin de développer des agents de biocontrôle adaptés aux pépinières, nous criblons les populations de Pseudomonas spp. des rhizosphères d’épinettes provenant de pépinières et de milieu naturel, pour détecter des gènes de production d’antibiotiques. Nous avons isolé plusieurs souches portant des gènes de production de phloroglucinol, de pyrrolnitrine, de cyanure d’hydrogène et de phénazines. L’analyse de ces gènes montre que pour les producteurs de phloroglucinol, un génotype est dominant dans les pépinières, alors qu’un génotype différent est dominant chez les souches provenant de milieu naturel. Ces dernières possèdent également les gènes de synthèse de la pyrrolnitrine et leur capacité d’inhiber Cylindrocladium floridanum in vitro est supérieur. De plus, en se basant sur la séquence du gène phzC, nous avons isolé trois groupes de producteurs de phénazines, dont deux provenant de milieu naturel et un de pépinière. L’analyse du gène de la portion 16s de l’ARN ribosomal confirme que ces trois groupes appartiennent à différente espèces.
Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce antibiotics such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and phenazines show biocontrol activity against many important soil borne fungal pathogens. We isolated several strains of Pseudomonas carrying genes for DAPG and PCA synthesis from the rhizosphere of black spruce (Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca) in two different conifer nurseries and in one natural stand. Sequence analysis of a portion of the phlD gene revealed that one dominant genotype was present in both nurseries and that a different genotype was dominant in the natural forest. Strains from the natural forestwere also found to have the genes for pyrrolnitrin synthesis but lack pyoluteorin biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, in vitro anitfungal assays against Cylindrocladium floridanum showed a much stronger inhibition by strains isolated from natural forest than from nursery. Analysis of phenazine genes revealed 3 groups of phenazines-producers; one from a nursery and two from natural stand.
Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce antibiotics such as 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and phenazines show biocontrol activity against many important soil borne fungal pathogens. We isolated several strains of Pseudomonas carrying genes for DAPG and PCA synthesis from the rhizosphere of black spruce (Picea mariana) and white spruce (Picea glauca) in two different conifer nurseries and in one natural stand. Sequence analysis of a portion of the phlD gene revealed that one dominant genotype was present in both nurseries and that a different genotype was dominant in the natural forest. Strains from the natural forestwere also found to have the genes for pyrrolnitrin synthesis but lack pyoluteorin biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, in vitro anitfungal assays against Cylindrocladium floridanum showed a much stronger inhibition by strains isolated from natural forest than from nursery. Analysis of phenazine genes revealed 3 groups of phenazines-producers; one from a nursery and two from natural stand.
Barrera, Gaytan Juan Francisco. "Dynamique des populations du scolyte des fruits du caféier, hypothenemus hampei (Coléoptera : Scolytidae), et lutte biologique avec le parasitoi͏̈de Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Hymenoptera : Bethylidae), au Chiapas, Mexique." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30085.
Full textBala, Kanak. "Biological control of Botrytis cinerea, a destructive plant-pathogen." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS047.
Full textThe pesticides used in agriculture for controlling phyto-pathogens have hazardous health effects on plants, animals and humans. Massive application of toxic pesticides is a serious problem today in almost all developing countries. Developing safer, environment-friendly biological products may help in overcoming the risks posed by pesticides and may also help in protecting public health, thereby promoting safer means of pest control. This thesis aims at the Biological control of plant diseases by non-phytopathogenic microorganisms, isolated from soil of vineyards and rhizosphere of crop fields. Introduction of these microorganisms leads to a twofold benefit 1. Biological control of the disease by the antagonist effect of the micro-organisms; 2. Enhanced disease resistance in plants to phytopathogens. Hence, these microorganisms could serve as an alternative to chemical control of plant diseases. Grapevine is challenged every year by fungal and viral and bacterial parasites. Among the fungal, the major ones are downy mildew by Plasmopara viticola, powdery mildew by Uncinula necator, black rot by Guignardia bidwellii, phomopsis leaf, cane spot and fruit rot disease by Phomopsis viticola, Eutypa Dieback by Eutypa armeniaceae and grey mould by Botrytis cinerea. Crown gall by bacterial parasite Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and viral diseases includes Peach Rosette mosaic virus disease, tomato ringspot and tobacco ringspot by nematode Xiphinema americanum. .
Pinchard, Véronique. "Etude des mécanismes de résistance à la deltaméthrine chez un ravageur du cotonnier : Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT029A.
Full textPichard, Brigitte. "Bacillus polymyxa, inhibiteur de parasites microbiens du chou-fleur." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2018.
Full textAudette, Carolane. "Interaction entre le nématode à kyste (Heterodera glycines) et Phytophthora sojae chez le soya." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33829.
Full textThe soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is the leading cause of economic losses in soybean in the United States. In Canada, it has been found in Ontario in 1988 and continues to spread every year. It was identified for the first time in Quebec in 2013 and soybean growers have already begun to deploy management tools. The most commonly used control method against SCN is the use of quantitative resistance genes and crop rotation. However, the most damaging organism in soybean in Quebec currently is Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora sojae. This root disease can also be controlled by genetically resistant cultivars (qualitative resistance with Rps genes). Because SCN is now present in regions struggling with P. sojae, it is important to determine if the cultivars will express sufficient resistance against these two major pathogens. In this context, the main objective of this project was to evaluate the interaction between these two organisms on soybean, according to the resistance (qualitative Rps genes/ or quantitative resistance to SCN) of the cultivars used. This study, in a hydroponic system, demonstrated that P. sojae has a negative impact on SCN capacity to produce cysts produced. This suggests that P. sojae might influence SCN development. On the other hand, resistant cultivars were not affected by the presence of both pathogens and the presence of the nematode did not influence the efficacy of qualitative Rps resistance gene against P. sojae. As a result, cultivars resistant to both pathogens are a good option for preventing and controlling these diseases.
St-Laurent, Marianne. "Amélioration de la lutte biologique contre le tétranyque à deux points en framboisières sous grands tunnels : essais d'un supplément nutritif, de plantes-réservoirs et de brumisation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29866.
Full textHigh tunnels show many benefits for raspberry production, including increased yield and improved fruit quality. However, this crop management approach also provides an environment that fosters outbreaks of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Although some miticides are available, pre-harvest application intervals and pesticide resistance development can be problematic. Phytoseiid predatory mites, such as Neoseiulus fallacis, are recognized for their efficacy in controlling spider mites. However, repeated introductions often must be made during a season, resulting in significant cost. To reduce these costs and thereby make biological control more attractive to growers, we tested a food supplement for predators, a banker plant and misting. The main objective of this study was to improve the effectiveness of integrated control against spider mites while decreasing the number of predator introductions in raspberry production under high tunnels. The specific objectives were to determine the effectiveness of four integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in raspberry under high tunnels and estimate their cost ($ / ha) in comparison to conventional control (mitices only) methods. The tested approaches combined different strategies: introduction of Neoseiulus fallacis predators; addition of Sorbaria sorbifolia as a banker plant; use of a pollen-based food supplement for predators, “Nutrimite", from Biobest; and misting. Tests were conducted at two raspberry farms in the greater Quebec City (Quebec, Canada) area. Data collected by monitoring populations of both spider mites and predators show that the pollen supplement has a positive effect on the predatory ability of N. fallacis and that misting tends to reduce T. urticae densities.
Bouchard-Rochette, Mathieu. "Bacillus pumilus et Bacillus subtilis pour lutter contre la pourriture grise chez la tomate et le concombre de serre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38128.
Full textGravel, Valérie. "Lutte contre Pythium ultimum chez la tomate de serre : une approche microbienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24523/24523.pdf.
Full textToubia-Rahme, Hala. "Effet de l'environnement chimique sur le développement de Drechslera teres (sacc. ) shoem. , parasite de l'orge." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT035A.
Full textAdamolle, Cécile. "Le virus de la sharka : obtention et caractérisation partielle d'anticorps polyclonaux spécifiques de protéines non structurales : approche de la bio-écologie de deux sérotypes épidémiques en verger." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28233.
Full textGallet, Jean-Philippe. "Sélection et mode d'action de Trichoderma et de Basidiomycètes lignivores, antagonistes de l'Armillaire (Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn. ) Herink) en vue de leur utilisation comme agents de lutte biologique contre le pourridie du pin maritime." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR28322.
Full textAmillaria exerts a powerful, pathogenic action against the maritime pine. Among control methods sudied, biological control seems to be appropriate for use in the forest massif of Gascony. This is the subject of the author's study. The antagonistic action of isolates of T. Harzianum on Amillaria were evaluated. The isolates demonstrating a certain efficaciousness in vitro and in situ provide only temporary protection of young pines in the contex of controlled inoculation in the nursery. The search for fungi of the order Basidiomycetes being wood-degrading and antogonistic was understaken on a forest-wide scale. Intensive collection allowed for obtaining diverse isolates. Among these the white not fungi which demonstrated considerable wood-degrading action were singled out. A method for quantifying antagonistic action in vitro was perfected then applied to the group of isolates previously selected. For the most efficacious among these, a study of their individual antagonistic action in semi-natural conditions was carried out. Four basidiomycetes Bjerkandera adusta, Gymnopilus spectabilis, Hygropsis aurantiaca and Hypholoma fasciculare are able to colonize wood rapidly under non sterile conditions. Additionally, they are capable of eliminating the amillaria inoculum present in the root. The various phenomena present in antagonistic and wood-degrading action were identified. The production of enzymes and of toxins was revealed when amillaria and the different basidiomycetes were paired in a liquid medium. The mycoparasitic action of certain isolates on the root not fungus was demonstrated. The study of enzymatic action inherent in the degradation of the wood was carried out. For B. Adusta ; G. Spectabilis, H. Fasciculare and H. Aurantiaca the lignolytic systems are lire efficacious than these of amillaria. The root bot fungus is characterized by a greater pectinase action than that of the other fungi
Tremblay, Vanessa. "Évaluation de différents extraits végétaux et sels organiques et inorganiques pour lutter contre la tache bactérienne de la laitue." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34485.
Full textBoucher-St-Amour, Vincent-Thomas. "Développement d'outils de sélection génomique assistée par marqueurs pour la lutte au nématode à kyste du soja." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37894.
Full textCayol, Jean-Pierre. "La mouche méditerranéenne des fruits Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Dipteria : Tephritidae) : comportement de régurgitation, lutte par la technique de l'insecte stérile." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX30024.
Full textDugé, de Bernonville Thomas. "Caractérisations histologique, moléculaire et biochimique des interactions compatible et incompatible entre Erwinia amylovora, agent du feu bacterien, et le pommier (Malus x domestica)." Angers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ANGE0039.
Full textFire blight of Maloideae is caused by the necrogenic gamma-proteobacterium Erwinia amylovora (Ea), whose pathogenicity relies primarily on its ability to inject proteinaceous effectors in the host cells through a type III secretion system. This study aimed at better characterising the Ea-Evereste/MM106 pathosystem, to gain some insight into the mechanisms drivingthe fate of the interaction. The results showed that the bacteria preferentially target leaf spongy parenchyma and stem cortical parenchyma cells and that their progression was accompagnied by a strong repression of the jasmonic acid signalling pathway and a strong induction of the salicylic signalling pathway. On the contrary, several lines of evidence argue for a fast blockade of the bacteria in Evereste infiltrated leaves : (i) an important cell wall lignification takes place under the vascular sclerenchyma, (ii) vascular occlusions appear and (iii) transient modulations of defence gene expression also take place. The fast blockade of the bacteria suggests the existence of constitutive defences. The biochemical study of dihydrochalcones ( DHC), flavonoid compounds that are found in large amounts in apple leaves, suggests that those compounds are unlikely to participate directly in the resistance to fire blight, in spite of their bactericidal and antioxidant properties. However, transformation of the constitutive DHC through enzymatic reactions such as dglucosylation and oxidation might lead to specific compouds, given the intensity of each process. Those compounds might participate to the inducible resistance against Ea
Gubanti, Paul. "Contribution à l'étude de l'efficacité de la coccinelle aphidiphage Coccinella septempunctata L (Col. Coccinellidae) en culture céréalière sous climat méditerranéen." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX3A001.
Full textDussault-Benoit, Chloé. "Développement d'un bioessai moléculaire pour le diagnostic des sept principaux gènes d'avirulence chez Phytophthora sojae." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36724.
Full textLegnani, Robert. "Analyse, comparaison et exploitation des résistances au virus Y de la pomme de terre (PVY) et au tobacco etch virus (TEV) chez la tomate." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20240.
Full textAli-Haimoud, Djamel-Eddine. "Contribution à l'étude de la lutte biologique contre Drechslera teres (Sacc. ) Shoem. , parasite de l'orge." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT007A.
Full textExpert, Jean-Michel. "Lutte biologique contre les attaques précoces de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum du tournesol à l'aide de Pseudomonas spp. Fluorescents et de Bacillus spp." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10221.
Full textLemaire, Émilie. "LA LUTTE BIOLOGIQUE CONTRE LES TÉTRANYQUES DANS LES FRAMBOISIÈRES SOUS TUNNELS : Introduction d’acariens phytoséiides et modèle de simulation dynamique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28742/28742.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of releases of phytoseiid predatory mites (Neoseiulus fallacis, N. californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis) to suppress spider mites in high tunnel raspberries. Results suggested that phytoseiid releases are a realistic way to control spider mites and to reduce the use of acaricide in this new production system without compromising the quality of the crop. However, temperature and humidity conditions must be suitable to achieve successful establishment of predators and release rates must be sufficiently high to promote acceptable pest control. The second objective was to model the evolution of mite populations to better understand the dynamics observed under tunnels. The model developed describes the spider mite outbreak and abundance over time with a good fit. It shows that higher temperature under tunnel is a critical parameter governing predation and spider mite population increase.
Teycheney, Pierre-Yves. "Le virus de la sharka (PPV) : caractérisation du génôme et élaboration de stratégies de lutte par transgénose." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR28162.
Full textHiriart, Jean-Baptiste. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires mis en jeu dans la résistance à l'infection de plantes transgéniques exprimant la protéine capsidique du virus de la mosai͏̈que chromée de la vigne." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28351.
Full textOmarjee, Jeh-han. "Effets des peuplements de Burkholderia et de nématodes sur la croissance de la canne à sucre." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10295.
Full textSugarcane root parasitic nematodes cause severe yield loss in KwaZulu Natal and an alternative for toxic nematicides is urgently required. We investigated the possible use of Burkholderia, a common inhabitant of sugarcane roots. Burkholderia communities were characterised using molecular methods in different sites of known nematode fauna. A positive correlation was observed between B. Tropica and/or B. Unamae and a mild pathogenic nematode, Helicotylenchus dihystera. The diazotroph B. Tropica LM1-376. 8 not only reduced Meloidogyne galling but also improved plant growth under greenhouse conditions; nevertheless a field evaluation failed due to several biotic and abiotic factors. Stalk endophytic N2-fixing B. Tropica were also discovered, with a further ability to inhibit fungal and bacterial pathogens. A combination of these traits into one inoculum would provide a potential strategy to control sugarcane pests and promote plant growth
de, Ladurantaye Yannick. "Définition des critères d'entreposage, de transport et de distribution au champ du Perillus bioculatus, un prédateur naturel du doryphore de la pomme de terre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25352/25352.pdf.
Full textMatefa, Ma Muanga John. "Le polychloro-chitosane : potentiels bioactif et bioconservateur de la tomate contre la moisissure grise." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27791.
Full textTomato is susceptible to attacks by several phytopathogenic agents. Chemical preservatives are used during storage but are detrimental to human health and the environment. Chitosan, a natural product that is environmentally friendly and safe for human health, is known for its antimicrobial effect. However, this effect is low against Zygomycetes and could be improved by chlorination. The aim of this project was to verify the improvement of the antimicrobial potential of polychloro-chitosan for its use in the tomato postharvest preservation. The antimicrobial effects of four doses (1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm) of polychloro-chitosan and native chitosan were evaluated in vitro for the following phytopathogenics: Mucor sp, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia sp, Geotrichum candidum, Colletotrichum coccodes, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pseudomonas cichorii, Pseudomonas syringae and Xanthomonas campestris. Expressed as improvement factor (FA), these effects were rated excellent (FA˃3.5), very good (FA between 3.5 to 2.5), good (FA between ˂2.5 to 1.5), low (FA between ˂2.5 to 1.5 only in 3000 and 4000 ppm) and nil (FA < 1.5). The same doses of polychlorinated chitosan and native chitosan were tested for control of gray mold in tomato. According to the organism, improving the antimicrobial activity of polychlorinated chitosan has been excellent (Mucor sp.), very good (Rhizoctonia sp.), good (E. coli), low (B. cinerea, P. cichorii, P. syringae, X. campestris) or nil (S. sclerotiorum, C. coccodes, G. candidum, B. subtilis and L. plantarum). In addition, more tomatoes were preserved from gray mold by polychloro-chitosan than native chitosan. The bioactive and biopreservation potentials of polychloro-chitosan are promising but not satisfying. This is due in part to its low solubility. Further works are required to improve this solubility by modulating the levels of chlorination and deacetylation.
Marel, Marine. "Lutte biologique contre le tétranyque à deux points (Acari: Tetranychidae) sur le rosier : lâchers de phytoséiides et échantillonnage binominal des tétranyques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27790/27790.pdf.
Full textPhytoseiid and spider mites are poorly studied in nursery systems. The objectives of this study were 1) to test the efficacy of combined versus single releases of these two predaceous mite species, Neoseiulus fallacis Garman and N. californicus Mc Gregor, for the suppression of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch on roses (Rosa rugosa); and 2) to develop a sampling method for spider mites on R. rugosa. The first objective was tested in the greenhouse. Our results showed a similar efficacy for the monospecific releases and the combined releases; and 2) equivalent proportion of occurrence at which N. californicus and N. fallacis were found on individual plants, suggesting that these two predatory species are compatible. The second objective was tested in the field. We found that the proportion of infested rose leaflets was highly correlated with spider mite densities; revealing that a binomial sampling method could be developed in the future. Keywords: acarine predators, binomial sampling, biological control, multiples natural ennemis, Neoseiulus fallacis, Neoseiulus californicus, ornamental nursery, Rosa rugosa, Tetranychus urticae, twospotted spider mites.
Jouy, Nicolas. "Etude de la résistance naturelle de deux Lycopersicon à des ravageurs de cultures maraîchères : identification des substances responsables, les (2,3,4-tri-O-acyl)-}a-D-glucopyranosyl)-(3-O-acyl)-b-D-fructofuranoside." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20278.
Full textMiloud, Youssra. "Etude du potentiel bénéfique des souches de Rhizobium pour Medicago truncatula : symbiose, solubilisation du phosphate et lutte contre la verticilliose." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0123/document.
Full textBecause of their ability to form a symbiosis with soil bacteria called Rhizobium, legumes play an important role in agriculture. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen; hence their host plants do not need nitrogen fertilizers. In addition, some strains of Rhizobium have the ability to solubilize phosphate, thus providing phosphorus to host plants. An ability to control certain pathogens has also been demonstrated in several studies. The present study evaluates the symbiotic efficiency of Tunisian rhizobia, their ability to solubilize phosphate, and their ability to control Verticillium wilt and other pathogenic fungi in Medicago truncatula. Thirty-six rhizobial isolates were obtained from root nodules of M. truncatula from different parts of Tunisia were used in this work. About 60% of these isolates were able to solubilize phosphate in vitro. In a second step, three phosphate solubilizing rhizobia and one isolate unable to solubilize phosphate in vitro were used for phytotron assays to see the effect of the presence of rhizobia on plant growth parameters in the presence of soluble and insoluble forms of phosphate. The results of the experiment show that A17 plants treated with CaHPO4, tend to produce more nodules and shoot biomass than F83005.5 and that the phosphate form used, soluble or non-soluble, affects parameters studied. Inoculation of four M. truncatula lines with 16 previously selected rhizobial isolates showed significant interaction between isolates and lines for symbiotic abilities as visualised by nodule formation. All rhizobial isolates tested increased above-ground biomass, reduced root biomass, and increased nitrogen content with strains effects of plant genotype and bacterial isolate. Finallly, these isolates were tested for their ability to protect M. truncatula plants against Verticillium wilt, and to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi such as Verticillium and Fusarium in vitro. However, no isolate could be identified as effective for biological control. The results of this study suggest that selected rhizobial isolates could be used as biofertilizers in poor soils to reduce the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers but not to control Verticillium wilt
Berrada, Sai͏̈d. "Etude de la sensibilité de Psylla pyri L. (Homoptera : Psyllidae) aux produits phytosanitaires et mécanismes biochimiques de résistance aux organophosphorés." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30021.
Full textBlais, Mylène. "Le charançon de la racine du fraisier : les bases d'une stratégie de lutte dans les fraisières du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23970/23970.pdf.
Full textIn 2001 and 2002, 89 strawberry fields from nine regions in Québec were sampled to determine the diversity and abundance of root weevil species. Soil characteristics were also assessed. We further studied the seasonal ecology of the strawberry root weevil, Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) in the Québec City area. The strawberry root weevil was the most abundant species with >82% of all captured specimens. Its abundance was positively correlated with sand in soil sample. Two cohorts of insects have been identified with a peak of abundance at the end of the fruit harvesting period. This period is most suitable for O. ovatus control as females have not yet initiated oviposition.
Manga, Bella. "Etude de la diversité de "Colletotrichum kahawae" responsable de l'anthracnose des baies et caractérisation de la résistance du caféier Arabica à cet agent pathogène." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20088.
Full textCorriveau, Boulay Jennifer. "Étude des effets de diverses pratiques culturales sur la croissance de la laitue et sur l'incidence de la brûlure de la pointe." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28386/28386.pdf.
Full textAbd, Elfatah Hamida Ahmed. "Une approche fonctionnelle de la compétition entre espèces adventices et espèces cultivées : application au cas de Solanum nigrum L. et de la tomate Lycopersicon esculentum Mill." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20257.
Full textToure, Kadidiatou. "Biologie et écologie de Chilo zacconius Blesz : (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae), foreur de tiges de riz au Mali : étude des relations trophiques avec sa plante-hôte cultivée, le riz." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112111.
Full textHaddaoui, Olfa. "Étude d'un concept novateur de culture du fraisier en buttes semi-permanentes : évaluation d'un substrat adapté." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38151.
Full textAkbaraly-Vally, Nourbanou. "Étude d'une polyédrose cytoplasmique chez le foreur ponctué de la canne à sucre Chilo sacchariphagus Boj. à La Réunion." Montpellier 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON20003.
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