To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Leguminous.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Leguminous'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Leguminous.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Aldouri, N. A. "Biosynthesis of leguminous stress metabolites." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378959.
Full text
2
Solorio, Sanchez Francisco Javier. "Soil fertility and nutrient cycling in pure and mixed fodder bank systems using leguminous and non-leguminous shrubs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14446.
Full text
3
Vieira, Breitwieser Otilia. "Leguminous lectins bind non specifically to DNA." [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972705589.
Full text
4
Smith, S. E., W. L. Graves, and D. M. Conta. "Possible New Annual Leguminous Forages for Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201053.
Full text
5
Sánchez, F. J. S. "Soil fertility and nutrient cycling in the pure and mixed fodder bank systems using leguminous and non-leguminous shrubs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.662220.
Full textAbstract:
The overall objective of this thesis work, in the Yucatán peninsula (México), was to establish a system with mixed woody species (leguminous/non-leguminous) to investigate the extent to which they increase nitrogen uptake and growth. The study tested the hypothesis that such mixtures may stimulate of N2 fixation from the atmosphere and the transfer of N from leguminous to non-leguminous plants. Three woody species were selected: Leucaena leucocephala (legume), Moringa oleifera (non-legume) and Guazuma ulmifolia (non-legume). More than 80% of planted seedlings survived and grew rapidly. Total biomass (fodder) production was 1.9-7.7 ton ha-1 for monocrops and 6-9 ton ha-1 for the mixtures. Nitrogen yield in the fodder was higher in the Leucaena+Guazuma mixture (285 kg N ha-1), followed by Leucaena monocrop and Leucaena+Moringa mixture (244 and 183 kg N ha-1, respectively). The δ15 N of samples from non-fixing species ranged from 2.7 to 3.2‰ (mean 3.0 ± 0.45‰). The δ15 N of L. leucocephala (0.8‰) was significantly lower, indicating that nitrogen fixation occurred in the Leucaena plants. The % Ndfa in the Leucaena mixtures ranged from 58 to 72% while in the Leucaena monocrop it was 69%, at 11 months old. Moringa leaves decomposed most rapidly, followed by Leucaena+Moringa, and, was best described by a double exponential model. The combination of Leucaena+Guazuma decomposed more slowly and pure Leucaena leaves decomposed at an intermediate rate. Over 16 weeks, Leucaena+Moringa released 65-75% of the initial N, Leucaena+Guazuma released 46-63%, and Leucaena leaves alone released, on average, 54% of their N. Lignin+polyphenols and tannins had a strong negative correlation with the rate of nitrogen release. The alteration of the decomposition and N release patterns observed when mixing plant materials of different quality provides good prospects for improving synchrony between N availability and plant N uptake.
6
Santana, Maria Angelica. "Molecular studies of coproporphyrinogen oxidase in leguminous plants." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321366.
Full text
7
Chan, Y. S. Gilbert. "Nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants under landfill conditions." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1702/.
Full text
8
Guimarães, Lays Cordeiro 1987. "Purificação, caracterização e atividade inseticida de um inibidor de tripsina de semente de Poincianella pyramidallis (Fabaceae:Caesalpinioideae)." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314517.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Maria Ligia Rodrigues MacedoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:21:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guimaraes_LaysCordeiro_M.pdf: 5932501 bytes, checksum: 2972555d649882421e88bba9ccd5dfea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O resumo poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The abstract is available with the full electronic document
Mestrado
Bioquimica
Mestra em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
9
Collins, Amanda Shea. "Leguminous cover crop fallows for the suppression of weeds." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007018.
Full text
10
Charpentier, Myriam. "Functional Characterisation of Two Channels Proteins Involved in Leguminous Symbiosis." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-94853.
Full text
11
Nyamai, D. O. "Crop production in an intercropping system with tropical leguminous trees." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382474.
Full text
12
Braz, Maria do Socorro Souto. "Morfologia, germinação e produção de mudas de leguminosas arbóreas ocorrentes na Mata do Pau-Ferro, Areia - Paraíba." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2007. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8106.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Katiane Souza (katyane.souza@gmail.com) on 2016-04-09T23:28:38Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
arquivototal.pdf: 994249 bytes, checksum: dc78544e8b20520cb61e4fcaf2d3d844 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-09T23:28:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 994249 bytes, checksum: dc78544e8b20520cb61e4fcaf2d3d844 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-28
Mata of Pau-Ferro constitutes an of the most important reservations of vegetation of altitude swamps in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazilian, with arboreal representatives of economical importance and thoroughly distributed in other formations of swamps. The objective this work as to characterize morphologically fruits and seeds, besides the phases of germination, seedling, and seedling production of eight forest species found in Mata of Pau-Ferro, municipal district of Areia, state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazilian. Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd., Acacia polyphylla DC., and Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae); Caesalpinia ferrea var. parvifolia Benth., Hymenaea courbaril L., and Pterogyne nitens Tul., (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae); Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. and Erytrina veluntina Willd., (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) were studed. Were observed, legume “nucóide”, “samaróide” and “bacóide”, types in alls species except, in Erytrina.velutine with occurrence folliculo type. Many species showed epigous germination with fanerocotiledonar seedling and semi- hipogeal germination with criptocotiledonar seedling in Inga ingoides.
A Mata do Pau-Ferro constitui uma das mais importantes reservas da vegatação de brejos de altitude no estado da Paraíba, com representantes arbóreos de importância econômica e amp lamente distribuídos em outras formações de brejos. Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de caracterizar morfologicamente frutos e sementes, as fases da germinação, plântulas, plantas jovens e mudas de oito espécies arbóreas de leguminosas ocorrentes na Mata do Pau Ferro, município de Areia, estado da Paraíba. As espécies estudadas foram: Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd. - Ingá, Acacia polyphylla DC. - Espinheiro e Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. - Tambor (Leguminosae- Mimosoideae); Caesalpinia ferrea var. parvifolia Benth. - Pau-Ferro, Hymenaea courbaril L. - Jatobá e Pterogyne nitens Tul. - Madeira Nova (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae); Bowdichia virgilioides Kunth. - Sucupira e Erytrina velutina Willd. - Mulungu (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Foram observados frutos dos tipos legume nucóide, samaróide e bacóide, além de folículo, em Erytrina velutina. A maioria das espécies estudadas apresentou germinação epígea, com plântula fanerocotiledonar; exceto Inga ingoides, que teve germinação semi-hipógea, com plântula criptocotiledonar.
13
Evans, Ian Michael. "Leguminous herbs and their insect herbivores : interaction during early secondary succession." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47427.
Full text
14
Arevalo-Mendez, Ignacio. "Soil conservation with leguminous cover crops following deforestation of tropical steepland." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33228.
Full textAbstract:
The steeplands of Central America are being systematically deforested as population pressure dictates a need for an increase in subsistence agriculture. The combined effect of high rainfall and lack of conservation measures leads to high levels of soil erosion. In order to assess sustainable soil conservation technology, research was conducted in the mountainous agricultural area of Guinope, Honduras. Runoff and soil loss from a number of plots that were established on various ground slopes and under different land uses were measured during the 1994 and 1995 seasons. Natural and fired woodland were assessed to provide an indication of both baseline conditions and those associated with the initial stage of deforestation. Against these, the impacts of agriculture involving maize - Zea mays L.- with and without two leguminous cover crops - Mucuna sp. and Canavalia ensiformis (l)DC. - were assessed on ground sloping at 6, 11 and 18 degrees. Seasonal runoff under natural pine forest is shown to be 10 % that of maize agriculture on similar slopes while fired forest is 49 %. Of the cover crops, after a second year Mucuna is the most protective when intercropped with maize, giving runoff on 18 degree slopes which is 47 % that of maize grown by itself, compared with 51 % for Canavalia. On 11 degree slopes, Canavalia offers greater protection but here the difference between the two cover crops is marginal Soil erosion can be shown to be a function of ground slope. For maize grown by itself, soil losses from 6 and 11degree slopes are 13 % and 23 % those from 18 degree slopes. On two years of research Canavalia is more stable in giving protection. On 18 degree slopes, soil loss where Mucuna is intercropped is 43 % that under maize alone while for Canavalia it is 47 %. By comparison, the natural forest loses much less than 1 % that of the maize fields. This study clearly shows the vulnerability of steep lands that are being clear-felled. It also demonstrates the considerable advantages of using extensive green soil conservation technology in reducing soil erosion and prolonging the usefulness of land. This extends to relieving the pressure on virgin forest in a situation where population growth discourages long periods fallow as part of a form of shifting cultivation.
15
Pereira, Arison Jos? "Caracteriza??o agron?mica de esp?cies de Crotalaria L. em diferentes condi??es edafoclim?ticas e contribui??o da aduba??o verde com C. juncea no cultivo org?nico de br?ssicas em sistema plantio direto." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/543.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2007-Arison Jose Pereira.pdf: 1430968 bytes, checksum: d3480d26487e4c0b7569cb0b9d461014 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2007-03-23Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The objective of this work was to evaluate growth of Crotalaria species in different soil and climate conditions and to investigate the contribution of Crotalaria juncea, as a cover crop, on organic cultivation of cabbage and cauliflower, under no-tillage system. Five experiments were conducted. Three of them referred to the performance of Crotalaria species, evaluated in the spring/summer and fall/winter periods, on the experimental field at Embrapa Agrobiologia, in Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro State, and in the spring/summer period, on the experimental field at Pesagro-Rio, in Paty do Alferes, Rio de Janeiro State. Treatments consisted of the species Crotalaria juncea, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis, C. ochroleuca and C. breviflora arranged in a randomized blocks design. The aboveground biomass production was determined throughout the flowering period and the biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) was measured by the 15N natural abundance technique. Functional analysis of growth and soil cover rates were also determined in the first experiment. The fourth experiment evaluated green manuring with sunnhemp (C. juncea) on yield, productivity and nutrient accumulation of cabbage heads, on the experimental field at Pesagro-Rio, in Paty do Alferes, Rio de Janeiro State. A complete randomized block design was used and treatments were arranged in a 2x2x2 factorial split-plot: pre-cropped sunnhemp and fallow with spontaneous weeds, conventional tillage and no-tillage planting systems and 0 and 200 kg ha-1of N in a poultry manure. The fifth experiment was carried out on the experimental field at Pesagro-Rio, in Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro State. The effect of green manures sunnhemp, millet, sunnhemp + millet and fallow with spontaneous vegetation, arranged in a complete randomized block design, was evaluated on weight and productivity of cauliflower cropped in no-tillage system. The contribution of sunnhemp mulch to nitrogen nutrition of cauliflower was assessed by isotopic dilution of 15N. Results from the first experiment showed that Crotalaria juncea presented the highest scores of growth rate and biomass production and reached 50% soil coverage at 15 days after seeding. Dry matter production, nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen coming from BNF reached superior rates in C. juncea, in the first and in the third experiments, and in C. ochroleuca in the second experiment. Trials number four and five showed why green manure can be considered a promising method to cultivate organic vegetables. No-tillage cabbage cropping under sunnhemp mulch discarded additional organic manure as head productivity reached 56 Mg ha-1. In the fifth experiment, 39% of cauliflower nitrogen content was originated from sunnhemp and productivity increased 42% in relation to spontaneous vegetation.
O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento de esp?cies de Crotalaria L. em diferentes condi??es edafoclim?ticas e a contribui??o da aduba??o verde com C. juncea no cultivo org?nico de br?ssicas em sistema plantio direto. Foram conduzidos cinco experimentos: tr?s referentes a avalia??o das esp?cies de Crotalaria L., sendo dois no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Agrobiologia em Serop?dica-RJ (Baixada Fluminense). O primeiro foi instalado no per?odo de primavera-ver?o e o segundo no outono-inverno. O terceiro experimento foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Avelar da PESAGRO-RIO, em Paty do Alferes-RJ (M?dio Vale do Para?ba Fluminense), no per?odo de primavera-ver?o. O delineamento experimental adotado nesses experimentos foi de blocos ao acaso e os tratamentos constaram das esp?cies Crotalaria juncea, C. mucronata, C. spectabilis C. ochroleuca, e C. breviflora. A produ??o de fitomassa a?rea foi determinada por ocasi?o do florescimento e a quantifica??o da FBN foi estimada utilizando-se a t?cnica de abund?ncia natural de 15N. No primeiro experimento, foram tamb?m realizadas an?lises funcionais de crescimento e determinadas ?s taxas de cobertura de solo. No quarto e no quinto experimentos, foram avaliadas as contribui??es da aduba??o verde com Crotalaria juncea no cultivo em sistema plantio direto de repolho e couve-flor. O trabalho com a cultura de repolho foi conduzido no Campo Experimental de Avelar da PESAGRO-RIO, sendo formado de oito tratamentos dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial em parcelas subdivididas (2 x 2 x 2). Os tratamentos foram: pr?-cultivo formado a partir de C. juncea e pousio com a vegeta??o espont?nea; preparo convencional do solo e plantio direto do repolho; e doses de aduba??o org?nica de cobertura (equivalente a 0 e 200 kg.ha-1 de N total contido na cama de avi?rio). As avalia??es constaram da produ??o e produtividade de cabe?as e acumula??o de nutrientes na parte a?rea do repolho. O quinto experimento foi conduzido na Esta??o Experimental de Nova Friburgo da PESAGRO-RIO regi?o serrana fluminense, com a cultura da couve-flor cultivado em sistema plantio direto, sendo o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos: pr?-cultivo com C. juncea; milheto; cons?rcio milheto + C. juncea; e pousio com vegeta??o espont?nea. As avalia??es consistiram do peso m?dio e produtividade de couve-flor e quantifica??o da contribui??o da palhada de C. juncea para a nutri??o nitrogenada desta hortali?a, empregando-se a t?cnica de dilui??o isot?pica de 15N. Observou-se a partir dos resultados do primeiro experimento que C. juncea apresentou maior taxa de crescimento e maior produ??o de fitomassa a?rea do que as demais esp?cies avaliadas. Aos 15 dias ap?s semeadura, C. juncea alcan?ou 50 % de cobertura do solo. Observou-se que a maior produ??o de fitomassa a?rea seca, acumula??o de nitrog?nio e quantidade de N proveniente da FBN foram detectados na C. juncea, tanto no primeiro quanto no terceiro experimentos, conduzidos na Baixada Fluminense, respectivamente nos per?odos de primavera-ver?o e outono-inverno. No segundo, conduzido no Vale do Para?ba, a maior produ??o de fitomassa a?rea seca, acumula??o de nitrog?nio e quantidade de N proveniente da FBN foram alcan?ados com C. ochroleuca. Pelos resultados apresentados nos experimentos quatro e cinco, detectou-se que a aduba??o verde ? uma pr?tica promissora para o cultivo de hortali?as org?nicas, porque, no quarto experimento, conduzido no Vale do Para?ba, o plantio direto sob palhada formada por C. juncea, dispensou a aduba??o org?nica suplementar, proporcionando produtividade de cabe?as do repolho de at? 56,0 Mg.ha-1. E no quinto experimento, conduzido na regi?o Serrana Fluminense, observou-se que 39% do N contido na couve-flor foi derivado da C. juncea e que o cultivo na palhada desta leguminosa resultou aumento de produtividade de at? 42% em rela??o a ?rea mantida sob pousio.
16
Souza, Dayane Meireles de. "Efeito do processamento doméstico de feijão preto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sobre o perfil de compostos fenólicos solúveis e insolúveis e sua capacidade antioxidante." Niterói, 2018. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/5816.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Biblioteca da Faculdade de Farmácia (bff@ndc.uff.br) on 2018-02-21T14:30:22Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Dayane Meireles, 2017 - Dissertação.pdf: 1718373 bytes, checksum: 3807d62db56ff376d3a3fad49e960ab4 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T14:30:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dayane Meireles, 2017 - Dissertação.pdf: 1718373 bytes, checksum: 3807d62db56ff376d3a3fad49e960ab4 (MD5)
O feijão preto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma das leguminosas mais consumidas mundialmente, especialmente pela população brasileira. De uma forma geral, os feijões são ricos em nutrientes e em não nutrientes com ação bioativa, tais como os compostos fenólicos. Antes do consumo, os feijões necessitam de alguns processamentos tecnológicos, como o processo de remolho e o de cozimento, para melhorar suas qualidades sensoriais e de digestibilidade. Contudo, estes processos podem influenciar no perfil e distribuição dos compostos fenólicos nesta matriz alimentar, influenciando no seu potencial bioativo. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a influência do processamento doméstico (remolho e cozimento) do feijão preto (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sobre o conteúdo de compostos fenólicos solúveis e insolúveis, e a sua capacidade antioxidante. Para isso, um pool de amostras comerciais de feijão preto foi dividido em dois tratamentos: 1) cozimento por pressão sem remolho prévio, e 2) cozimento por pressão com remolho prévio. Ambos os grupos foram cozidos por 32, 40 e 48 minutos. Após o cozimento, os grãos e os caldos foram separados e caracterizados quanto a sua textura (grau de duzera), sua composição centesimal, bem como quanto ao seu conteúdo de compostos fenólicos solúveis e insolúveis (CLAE-UV/vis) e a sua capacidade antioxidante total (TEAC, ORAC e Folin-Ciocalteu). Ambos os tratamentos de cozimento, em todos os tempos (exceto 32 min sem remolho), apresentaram textura macia, sendo todas as amostras classificadas como “prontas para consumo”. O feijão cru e os feijões cozidos, com e sem remolho prévio, apresentaram a sua composição centesimal de acordo com o esperado, sendo que o processo de remolho influenciou na diminuição do teor de cinzas quando comparado ao cozimento sem remolho prévio. Em todas as amostras foram identificados compostos fenólicos flavonoides e não flavonoindes, especialmente a antocianina malvidina e os ácidos fenólicos, respectivamente. Após o remolho e o cozimento houve uma redução de aproximadamente 20% do conteúdo de compostos fenólicos totais em relação ao feijão cru. Após 40 minutos de cozimento sem remolho observou-se o maior teor de compostos fenólicos totais (362 g/ 100 g b.s), com a fração solúvel e a insolúvel contribuindo com 80% e 20% do total de compostos fenólicos, respectivamente, para os feijões cru e cozidos. O processo de remolho promoveu uma menor retenção dos compostos fenólicos do feijão cru. Além disso, a ausência do processo de remolho aumentou a contribuição da fração insolúvel para o teor total de compostos fenólicos. Nos feijões cozidos sem remolho prévio, os ácidos di-OH-benzoico e gálico foram os compostos majoritários. Os ácidos fenólicos foram os principais compostos encontrados na fração insolúvel, enquanto que as antocianinas foram os principais fenólicos da fração solúvel. A capacidade antioxidante total dos feijões foi influenciada pelo cozimento e pelo processo de remolho, sendo que a presença do processo prévio do remolho resultou em uma redução de 5% e 20% para os ensaios de TEAC e Folin-Ciocalteu, respectivamente, e em um aumento de 15% no ORAC. Neste sentido, os feijões cozidos por 40 min, sem remolho apresentaram maior teor final de compostos fenólicos (solúveis e insolúveis) bem como maior capacidade antioxidante total, além de apresentar textura adequada. Portanto, conclui-se que o processamento dos feijões influenciou no teor e na distribuição dos compostos fenólicos entre as frações solúvel e insolúvel, a qual apresenta potencial para influenciar da bioativadade destes compostos após o consumo do feijão preparado por diferentes processos de cozimento e remolho
The black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) is one of the most worldwide consumed pulses, especially by Brazilian population. Normally, beans are rich in nutrients and in non-nutrients with bioactive action such as phenolic compounds. Before consumption, beans need some technological processing as soaking and cooking to improve its sensorial and digestibility properties. However, these processes may influence to the content and distribution of phenolic compounds in black beans, influencing to potential bioactive action of this food matriz. Therefore, the aims of present study were to investigate the influence of domestic processing (soaking and cooking) on the soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds content and on the total antioxidant capacity of black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). For this, a pool of black beans samples from commercial brands was divided into two treatments: 1) pressure cooking without previous soaking and 2) pressure cooking with previous soaking. Both groups were cooked for 32, 40 and 48 minutes. After cooking, the grains and the broths were separated and characterized for texture (softness degree), proximate composition, as well as for the content of soluble and insoluble phenolic compounds (HPLC-UV/Vis) and total antioxidant capacity (TEAC, ORAC and Folin-Ciocalteu assays). Both cooking treatments, at all times (except for 32 min without soaking), showed a soft texture and were classified as "good for consumption". The raw and the cooked beans, with and without previous soaking, showed proximate composition according to the expected one. At all samples were identified flavonoids and non-flavoinoids, especially the anthocyanin malvidin and the phenolic acids, respectively. After soaking and cooking, there was a reduction of approximately 20% of the total of phenolic compounds content in comparison with the raw bean. After 40 minutes of cooking without soaking was observed the highest phenolic compound content (362 g / 100 g d.w) with the soluble and insoluble fractions contributing with 80 % and 20 % of the total of phenolic compounds, respectively, for raw and cooked beans. The soaking process promoted lower retention of the flavonoid and non-flavonoid compounds of raw beans. Besides, absence of soaking enhanced insoluble fraction contribution to total phenolic content. The cooked beans without previous soaking, di-OH-benzoic and gallic acids were the major phenolic compounds. Phenolic acids were the main compounds found in the insoluble fraction, whereas the anthocyanins were the main phenolic compound of the soluble fraction. The total antioxidant capacity of the beans was influenced by soaking and cooking, and the previous soaking process resulted in a reduction of 5 % and 20 % for the TEAC and Folin-Ciocalteu assays, respectively, and an increase of 15% in the ORAC assay. In this sense, the beans cooked for 40 min, without soaking presented higher final content of phenolic compounds (soluble and insoluble) as well as higher total antioxidant capacity, besides presenting adequate texture. Therefore, the processing of the beans influenced the content and distribution of the phenolic compounds between the soluble and insoluble fractions, which has potential to influence the bioactivity of these compounds after the consumption of the beans prepared by different cooking and soaking processes
17
Lançoni, Milena Duarte. "Efeito da seca e chuva sobre a comunidade microbiana da rizosfera de leguminosas da Caatinga." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11138/tde-04042014-091528/.
Full textAbstract:
Propriedades que constituem um clima árido são encontradas distribuídas por todo o globo terrestre. A Caatinga, bioma semi-árido brasileiro, se estende por 11% do território nacional e tem particularidades tanto em relação ao clima, volume de chuvas e temperatura, quanto à sua composição flora e faunística. Micro-organismos associados a plantas provêm defesas e resistência a diferentes estresses abióticos ou bióticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a comunidade rizosférica microbiana de duas leguminosas, Mimosa tenuiflora e Piptadenia stipulacea, a fim de caracterizar seus componentes e sua interação com as plantas e o ambiente, por meio de abordagem molecular, com T-RFLP, através do gene 16S rRNA de arquéias e bactérias e sequenciamento em larga escala por Ion Torrent dos genes 16SrRNA de bactérias, além de métodos estatísticos como ferramenta de avaliação dessa interação. Os resultados mostram que: ambas as comunidades são diversas quando comparados os dois períodos de coleta, chuvoso e seco; as espécies de leguminosas não influem na composição da população e que zinco, ferro, fósforo e boro são os componentes do solo mais ativos sobre as comunidades de bactérias e arquéias. Dentre os onze gêneros de bactérias mais abundantes no período seco (<1%): Mycobacterium, Bacillus, MC18, Rhodoplanes, Pseudonocardia, Streptomyces, Candidatus Solibacter, Saccharopolyspora, Rubrobacter, Bradyrhizobium e Solitubrobacter - seis apresentam atributos capazes de trazer benefícios para as plantas às quais estão associadas e seis têm características consideradas extremófilas.Arid climate properties are found distributed throughout the globe. Caatinga is the Brazilian semiarid biome with 11% of the national territory and has peculiar climate, rainfall and temperature, and the flora and faunal composition. Plant associated micro-organisms promote defenses and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. This study aims characterized the rhizospheric microbiome of two leguminous trees from Caatinga, Mimosa tenuiflora and Piptadenia stipulacea, their interaction with plant and environment through molecular approaches, T-RFLP of archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA and high-throughput sequencing by Ion Torrent of the bacterial 16S rRNA addition to statistics methods as assessment tool for evaluation of the interaction. The results show that both arquéial and bacterial communities are different when comparing dry and rainy seasons, plant species do not exercises influences in the population composition, zinc, iron and boron are the most active soil components on the communities. Six of the eleven bacteria genera more abundant in the dry season (<1%) are related to benefits to the plant associated while six have extremophiles characteristics, all of them are: Mycobacterium, Bacillus, MC18, Rhodoplanes, Pseudonocardia, Streptomyces, Candidatus Solibacter, Saccharopolyspora, Rubrobacter, Bradyrhizobium e Solitubrobacter .
18
Schäfer, Christian [Verfasser]. "Enzymatic Texturisation of Leguminous Proteins and their Application in Food Models / Christian Schäfer." Aachen : Shaker, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1070152412/34.
Full text
19
Osei, Kingsley. "Nematode suppression and soil improvements potential of some leguminous cover crops in Ghana." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.494780.
Full textAbstract:
Leguminous cover crops are promising as Meloidogyne spp. suppressants but where populations of mixed species occur, their potential remains uncertain. When inoculated with a Meloidogyne arenaria-incognita-javanica complex in a glasshouse experiment, Mucuna pruriens and Crotalaria spectabilis, were poor or non-hosts, did not gall and plant height and shoot biomass were not affected. However, Dolichos lablab was highly susceptible. The root system of D. lablab stimulated population increase but the leaf eluant proved lethal. Thus, different parts of a plant contain different active ingredients or concentrations of compounds. In ancillary experiments, M. pruriens, C. retusa and C spectabilis inhibited hatching of eggs, caused juvenile mortality, decreased population density and roots were either not invaded by juveniles or invasion was minimal.
20
Scott, Corraine Athol. "Leguminous and graminaceous cover crops for the control of insect pests in organic squash." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0022711.
Full text
21
CÂMARA, Bárbara. "Valor nutricional do feno das folhas de Cratylia Argentea na alimentação de coelhos em crescimento." Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, 2017. http://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/170.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by biblioteca unifenas (biblioteca@unifenas.br) on 2017-08-30T14:53:02Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Bárbara Romélia Batista Câmara Dissertação.pdf: 527767 bytes, checksum: 63c5ee00aac904b8ad794952dad6dbaa (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T14:53:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bárbara Romélia Batista Câmara Dissertação.pdf: 527767 bytes, checksum: 63c5ee00aac904b8ad794952dad6dbaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-27
Considering that feed normally corresponds to 70% of the costs in an animal husbandry, the producer must search for raw materials that are able to reduce this cost, as long as they maintain or improve the zootechnical performance of the breeding. The rabbit requires high fiber content in the diet to maintain consistency and volume of the digesta, to ensure normal digestive transit, to distend the mucosa by stimulating intestinal motility and as a substrate for microbiota present in the cecum. Alfalfa hay is considered a balanced source of fiber, able to meet the nutritional requirements of the rabbit when it is included around 30% in the diet, but due to its high commercial value, it costs up to 40% the cost of the diet. Legume cratylia (Cratylia argentea) may be an alternative to the high added value of alfalfa hay, as it is a legume that normally has a nutritional value superior to that of most shrub legumes and contains only traces of tannins. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of diets formulated with leaves each containing three leaflets with their respective stalks (petioles) of Cratylia argentea in the feeding of growing rabbits. A total of 28 New Zealand White rabbits (14 per treatment) with 55 days of age, of both sexes, were distributed in a randomized complete block design and two diets were evaluated. The reference diet was formulated to meet the requirements of the animals and the test diet was obtained by replacing 20% of the reference diet with the Cratylia argentea hay meal. The experimental period comprised 11 days, being seven days of adaptation and four days of total collection of feces, per experimental unit. The performance results (average daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion and final weight) were not influenced by the addition of hay from the leaves of the crattia. The coefficient of metabolizability of dry matter was better in the control group. The control group had higher consumption of crude protein, however, the group that fed the starch had higher excretion of crude protein in feces and lower percentage of crude protein retained. Cratylia argentea presents values of 1,400.67 kcal / kg of DM of digestible energy and 3.34% of digestible protein / kg of DM.
Considerando que a alimentação corresponde normalmente a 70% dos custos em uma criação animal; o produtor deve buscar por matérias-primas que sejam capazes de reduzir este custo, desde que mantenham ou melhorem o desempenho zootécnico da criação. O coelho exige alto teor de fibra na ração para manter a consistência e o volume da digesta, assegurar o trânsito digestivo normal, distender a mucosa estimulando a motilidade intestinal e como substrato para microbiota presente no ceco. O feno de alfafa é considerado uma fonte balanceada de fibra, capaz de suprir as exigências nutricionais do coelho ao ser incluído em torno de 30% na dieta, porém devido ao seu alto valor comercial, onera em até 40% o custo da dieta. A leguminosa cratília (Cratylia argentea) pode ser uma alternativa frente ao alto valor agregado do feno de alfafa, pois é uma leguminosa que normalmente apresenta valor nutritivo superior ao da maioria das leguminosas arbustivas e contém apenas vestígios de taninos. Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o valor nutricional de dietas formuladas com folhas, cada uma contendo três folíolos com suas respectivas hastes (pecíolos) de Cratylia argentea na alimentação de coelhos em crescimento. Foram utilizados 28 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco (14 por tratamento) com 55 dias de idade, de ambos os sexos, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, sendo avaliadas duas dietas. A dieta referência foi formulada para atender às exigências dos animais e a dieta teste foi obtida substituindo-se 20% da ração referência pela farinha do feno de Cratylia argentea. O período experimental compreendeu 11 dias, sendo sete dias de adaptação e de quatro dias de coleta total das fezes, por unidade experimental. Os resultados de desempenho (ganho de peso médio diário, consumo de ração diário, conversão alimentar e peso final) não foram influenciados pela adição do feno das folhas da cratília. O coeficiente de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca foi melhor no grupo controle. O grupo controle apresentou maior consumo de proteína bruta, no entanto, o grupo que se alimentou da cratília apresentou maior excreção de proteína bruta nas fezes e menor porcentagem de proteína bruta retida. A Cratylia argentea apresenta valores de 1.400,67 kcal/kg de MS de energia digestível e 3,34% de proteína digestível/kg de MS.
22
Yan-Xiu, Zhao. "The isolation, culture and genetic manipulation of protoplasts from salt and drought tolerant leguminous plants." Thesis, Coventry University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332788.
Full text
23
AraÃjo, Isabel Cristina da Silva. "Potential for revegetation of degraded soil by iron mining using leguminous trees and waste shrimp." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8130.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorDentre as alternativas para recuperar Ãreas degradadas està a adiÃÃo de resÃduos orgÃnicos visando melhorar a estrutura e a disponibilidade de nutrientes no substrato degradado. No Estado do CearÃ, o resÃduo orgÃnico proveniente de tanques de criaÃÃo de camarÃes (carcinicultura) merece destaque por apresentar teores relevantes de nutrientes e matÃria orgÃnica. O objetivo deste estudo foi comprovar a hipÃtese de que o resÃduo de carcinicultura favorece o desenvolvimento de leguminosas arbÃreas e melhora o substrato degradado. Na etapa inicial do estudo foi feita a caracterizaÃÃo geoquÃmica e fÃsico-quÃmica do resÃduo para identificar a presenÃa de pirita e o risco potencial de acidificaÃÃo. Posteriormente, foi instalado um experimento em casa de vegetaÃÃo com delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados e esquema fatorial 5x3, com quatro repetiÃÃes. Os tratamentos foram cinco doses de resÃduo de carcinicultura (0; 2; 4; 8; 12 Mg ha-1) e trÃs espÃcies de leguminosas: Sabià (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth), Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) e Jurema Preta (Mimosa hostilis). TrÃs meses apÃs a adiÃÃo do resÃduo de carcinicultura foi avaliado o crescimento das leguminosas, bem como a fitomassa e o acÃmulo de nutrientes na parte aÃrea e nas raÃzes. TambÃm foi avaliada a disponibilidade de nutrientes no substrato. Por meio dos resultados da anÃlise geoquÃmica do ferro foi observado baixo grau de piritizaÃÃo e, consequentemente baixo risco de acidificaÃÃo ao utilizar o resÃduo de carcinicultura. Ao final do perÃodo de trÃs meses de avaliaÃÃo do experimento em casa de vegetaÃÃo, constatou-se que as leguminosas arbÃreas responderam positivamente Ãs doses de resÃduo. As espÃcies que apresentaram maior crescimento em altura e maior fitomassa foram Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia e Mimosa hostilis, apresentando tambÃm maior acÃmulo de nutrientes. Os efeitos do resÃduo de carcinicultura no solo foram: aumento na condutividade elÃtrica e no pH. Conclui-se que o resÃduo da carcinicultura favorece o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das leguminosas arbÃreas avaliadas no presente estudo, sem prejudicar atributos quÃmicos e fÃsicos do substrato e permitindo maior disponibilidade de nutrientes de modo a favorecer o processo de revegetaÃÃo da Ãrea degradada.
The addition of organic residues is among the alternatives to rehabilitate degraded lands, aiming to improve the structure as well as the nutrients availability of mining spoils. In the Cearà State, the organic residue from shrimp farms (carcinicultura) deserves attention because it contains relevant amount of nutrients and organic matter. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that residue from shrimp farms improves the development of leguminous trees as well as the degraded land. In the initial phase of this study both geochemical and physical-chemical characterization of the organic residue were done aiming to identify the presence of pirite, and the potential risk of acidification. One experiment was set up under controled conditions, in the experimental design of randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 5x3, with four replications. The treatments were five rates of organic residue from shrimp farms (0; 2; 4; 8; 12 Mg ha-1) and three leguminous trees species: Sabià (Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth), Leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) and Jurema Preta (Mimosa hostilis). Three months after addition of the organic residue were evaluated the growth of leguminous trees, the fitomass, as well as the nutrients accumulation in the above ground, and bellow ground parts of the plants. The availability of nutrients in the substrate also was evaluated. The results of the geochemical analysis showed low amount of pirite, and consequently the low risk of acidification by the use of organic residue from shrimp farms. After a period of three months was observed that leguminous trees presented positive answer to rates of organic residue. The species that presented higher growth and fitomass production were Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia and Mimosa hostilis, presenting also the higher nutrients accumulation. The effects of the organic residue in the soil were: increase in soil eletric conductivity, and pH. The conclusion is that the organic residue from shrimp farms improved the growth and development of leguminous trees in the present study, and it did not damage soil chemical and physical attributes, allowing higher availability of nutrients to favour plant growth in degraded land.
24
Miranda, Elias Melo de. "Fungos Micorr?zicos Arbusculares em Amendoim Forrageiro (Arachis pintoi Krap. e Greg.)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/311.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T19:39:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2008- Elias Melo de Miranda.pdf: 858590 bytes, checksum: fe12f644fd0dbcad694f77bd0dea494b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-02-21This study was conducted at Embrapa Agrobiologia experimental area, in Serop?dica municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, with the objective of evaluating the association of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with the foraging peanut (Arachis pintoi) in four situations of cultivation. The first study examined the association of peanuts with autochthonous AMF, from soil samples collected in Rio Branco municipality state of Acre, in areas of this legume as a single crop, and intercropped with pasture and coffee, as well as in secondary and primary forest. The AMF species were identified, determined the spore density and the root colonization rates, and then calculated the indexes of diversity. The other experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions, assessing the peanut seedlings response to inoculation with AMF species. The second study aimed to select the AMF effective in promoting growth of seedlings originating from seeds, and rooting of stolons in polystyrene trays, in substrate of low fertility, without additional fertilizer. In the third, it was investigated the response of seedlings propagated by rooting of stolons in condition of increasing doses of phosphorus. In the fourth study, the goal was to select AMF species that could improve the peanut forage performance cultivated in consortium with Brachiaria decumbens. The AMF species used were: Glomus etunicatum, Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora morrowiae and Entrophospora colombiana. It was assessed, among other variables, the dry matter production of shoots and roots. The analysis of the autochthonous community of AMF in agrosystems with A. Pintoi, notably in the monocrop system, indicated that this legume was a good host of AMF species, being useful to increase the density of spores and diversity of these organisms in the agrosystems. The analysis of the AMF community in the pastures intercropped with A. pintoi showed that this legume helped to increase the density of spores and diversity of species of AMF in the agrosystems. AMF species of greatest efficiency in promoting growth and nutrition of seedlings of A. Pintoi originated from seeds were E. colombiana, G. margarita, G. clarum, and A. morrowiae. However, for the seedlings originated of the rooting of stolons in polystyrene trays and without additional fertilization, it was not possible to detect a benefit of the mycorrhization. Though, these seedlings responded to the phosphate fertilization, and the response was most pronounced when inoculated with efficient AMF. In the intercropped cultivation, the treatments of inoculation were beneficial for both plant components of the system, and the A. Pintoi plants colonized by G. Clarum were most efficient to compete with the brachiaria grass.
Este trabalho foi realizado na ?rea experiemntal da Embrapa Agrobiologia em Serop?dica - RJ, com o objetivo de avaliar a associa??o de fungos micorr?zicos arbusculares (FMAs) com o amendoim forrageiro (Arachis pintoi) em quatro situa??es de cultivo. O primeiro estudo avaliou a associa??o do A. pintoi com FMAs aut?ctones, a partir de amostras de solo coletado em Rio Branco, AC, em ?reas de monocultivo e de cons?rcio desta leguminosa com gram?neas e cafeeiro, assim como em ?reas de capoeira e mata. As esp?cies de FMAs foram identificadas, determinada a densidade de esporos e as taxas de coloniza??o radicular e, ent?o, calculados ?ndices de diversidade. Os demais ensaios foram realizados em condi??es de casade- vegeta??o, avaliando-se a resposta das mudas de amendoim ? inocula??o com esp?cies de FMAs. O segundo estudo teve o objetivo de selecionar os FMAs mais eficientes em promover o crescimento de mudas originadas de sementes e do enraizamento de estol?es em bandejas de isopor, em substrato de baixa fertilidade natural, sem aduba??o suplementar. No terceiro, foi investigada a resposta de mudas propagadas por enraizamento de estol?es a doses crescentes de f?sforo. No quarto estudo, o objetivo foi selecionar esp?cies de FMAs que melhorassem o desempenho do amendoim forrageiro na condi??o de cons?rcio com Brachiaria decumbens. As esp?cies de FMAs estudadas foram: Glomus etunicatum, Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita, Scutellospora heterogama, Acaulospora morrowiae e Entrophospora colombiana, sendo avaliada, entre outras vari?veis, a produ??o de mat?ria seca da parte a?rea e de ra?zes. A an?lise da comunidade de FMAs aut?ctones nos agrossistemas com A. pintoi, notadamente em seu monocultivo, mostrou que esta leguminosa foi uma boa hospedeira de esp?cies de FMAs, contribuindo para aumentar a densidade de esporos e a diversidade destes organismos nos agrossistemas. As esp?cies de FMA de maior efici?ncia em promover o crescimento e nutri??o de mudas de A. pintoi originadas de sementes foram E. colombiana, G. margarita, G. clarum e A. morrowiae. Por?m, nas mudas originadas do enraizamento de estol?es, nas bandejas de isopor e sem fertiliza??o suplementar, n?o foi poss?vel detectar benef?cio da micorriza??o. Entretanto, estas mudas responderam ? fertiliza??o fosfatada, sendo esta resposta mais acentuada quando foram micorrizadas com FMAs eficientes. No cultivo consorciado, os tratamentos de inocula??o foram ben?ficos para ambas as plantas do sistema e as plantas de A. pintoi colonizadas por G. clarum foram mais eficientes em competir com a braqui?ria.
25
Corrêa, Daniel Staciarini. "AVALIAÇÃO DA DEGRADABILIDADE IN SITU DE DUAS VARIEDADES DE ESTILOSANTES NATIVAS DO CERRADO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2010. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2608.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:45:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Daniel Staciarini Correa.pdf: 2040790 bytes, checksum: 7618da96b4df2835c35170ef1e20f936 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-12-13The aim of this study was to evaluate the effective degradability of dry matter (DM), neutral like biome) natives leguminous, Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão and Stylosanthes spp. (S. capitata + S. macrocephala) cv. Campo Grande, through the in situ technique. For the degradability essay the nylon bags method was used, with two incubations in a rumen canulated adult bovine female. In each incubation 25 samples (7.00g each) of each cultivar was used. Samples were withdrawn in the periods 0, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The study was carried out by the randomized blocks design and data submitted to variance analysis. The highest effective degradability was get at 2%/h passage rate. At 5%/h Mineirão stylos showed effective degradability (ED) of 75.70% (DM), 59.01% (NDF) and 76.81 (ADF). Campo Grande stylos reached 68.39% (DM), 51.93% (NDF) and 58.89% (ADF). The colonization times (Lag Time) were statistic similar (p > 0.05), except for the ADF. For this Time of 2.50 hours. In the study was detected higher nutritional value for Mineirão compared to Campo Grande. The first one showed higher ED both the dry matter and the fiber. The decision to adopt one or another variety will depend on studies that take into account the cost of deployment and maintenance of legumes and the resulting benefit.
O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar, através da técnica in situ, a degradabilidade efetiva da matéria seca (MS), da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e da fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) de duas leguminosas nativas do Cerrado brasileiro, Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão e Stylosanthes spp. (S. capitata + S. macrocephala) cv. Campo Grande. Para o ensaio da degradabilidade usou-se o método dos sacos de náilon, com duas incubações em fêmea bovina adulta canulada no rúmen. Em cada incubação foram utilizadas 25 amostras de 7,0g de cada uma das duas cultivares. As amostras foram retiradas nos tempos 0, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 e 96 horas. O experimento foi conduzido segundo o delineamento de blocos ao acaso e os dados submetidos à analise de variância. As máximas degradabilidades efetivas foram atingidas na taxa de passagem de 2%. Para a taxa de passagem de 5%, o estilosantes Mineirão mostrou degradabilidade efetiva (DE) de 75,70% para a MS, 59,01% para a FDN e 76,81% para a FDA, enquanto o estilosantes Campo Grande chegou a 68,39% para a MS, 51,93% para a FDN e 58,89% para a FDA. Os tempos de colonização foram estatisticamente semelhantes (p > 0,05), exceto para a FDA. Para essa porção o Mineirão apresentou tempo de colonização de 1,54 horas, enquanto o FDA do Campo Grande apresentou tempo de colonização de 2,50 horas. No experimento foi verificado maior valor nutricional do Mineirão em comparação ao Campo Grande, pois o primeiro mostrou maior degradabilidade efetiva tanto da matéria seca quanto da fibra. A opção pela adoção de uma ou outra cultivar vai depender de estudos que levem em conta o custo de implantação e de manutenção da leguminosa e o consequente benefício.
26
Thériault, Frédéric. "Use of perennial leguminous living mulches for the fertilization of broccoli in an organic agriculture system." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21920.
Full textAbstract:
Use of alfalfa and red clover living mulches and green manures as alternative, biologically-based, means of fertilizing organic broccoli was studied. Both green manures increased broccoli head weight, hollow stem incidence, SPAD readings, total N content of the plants, and soil available N. These green manures can supply N to a broccoli crop in excess of the recommended dosage and produce satisfactory yields in organic production systems. Living mulches reduced broccoli yields (head weight and diameter), reduced N uptake (SPAD readings), even though they increased soil N availability (especially alfalfa). Living mulches appear to have the potential to supply N to broccoli, but cropping practices should be modified to limit competition. When row covers and living mulches are used together, the creation of a sheltered microenvironment provides better conditions for imported cabbage worm (Pieris rapae) larvae, which, in this experiment, were more abundant in living mulch plots.L'utilisation du trèfle rouge et de la luzerne en paillis vivant et en engrais vert pour la fertilisation biologique du brocoli a été testée. Les deux engrais verts ont augmenté le poids du brocoli, la présence de cœur creux, l'absorption d'azote (SPAD), l'azote total du brocoli et l'azote disponible du sol. Ces engrais verts peuvent fournir plus d'azote que les doses recommandées et assurer des rendements satisfaisants en régie biologique. Les paillis vivants ont diminué les rendements et l'absorption d'azote (SPAD), mais ont augmenté l'azote disponible du sol (surtout la luzerne). Les paillis vivants ont le potentiel de fournir de l'azote au brocoli, mais la régie doit être modifiée pour limiter la compétition. Lorsque des bâches flottantes sont utilisées en combinaison avec les paillis vivants, un micrœnvironnement est créé. Nous avons observé une plus grande abondance de Pieris rapae dans les paillis vivants.
27
Eriksson, Torsten. "Milk production from leguminous forage, roots and potatoes : effects on microbial protein supply and nitrogen efficiency /." Uppsala : Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a422.pdf.
Full text
28
Souza, Sarah Caroline Ribeiro 1986, and Sara Adrián López de 1971 Andrade. "Tolerância aos metais pesados chumbo e zinco e potencial fitorremediador de mudas de espécies arbóreas." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315377.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Marlene Aparecida Schiavinato, Sara Adrian Lopez de AndradeDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T21:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_SarahCarolineRibeiro_M.pdf: 990180 bytes, checksum: a52442f68f3a27dfa82cded6425db23c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A contaminação do solo por metais pesados (MPs), causada por processos naturais ou atividade humana, é um dos mais graves problemas ambientais devido à persistência e alto poder de toxicidade dos MPs. Em ambientes contaminados por MPs, as plantas podem apresentar uma série de distúrbios fisiológicos e nutricionais. No entanto, algumas espécies de plantas são tolerantes aos MPs e essa tolerância tem sido selecionada durante a evolução, e envolve diversos mecanismos. A associação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) pode reduzir os efeitos negativos do estresse induzido por altas concentrações de metais sobre a planta hospedeira. Considerando a existência de plantas tolerantes, a fitorremediação, especialmente com espécies arbóreas, aparece como uma estratégia eficiente para a reabilitação de áreas contaminadas com MPs, uma vez que essas espécies imobilizam os metais absorvidos por mais tempo em seus tecidos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivos: avaliar a tolerância, o acúmulo e a distribuição dos MPs, Pb e Zn, em três espécies de leguminosas nas diferentes partes das plantas; avaliar a influência destes metais na colonização micorrízica e na fixação biológica de nitrogênio e avaliar o potencial fitorremediador de cada espécie. Foram realizados dois experimentos, um com Pb e outro com Zn, com delineamento experimental totalmente casualizado e em esquema fatorial 3 x 4. Os tratamentos consistiram em três espécies de leguminosas arbóreas Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia (sansão-do-campo), Erythrina speciosa (eritrina-candelabro) e Schizolobium parahyba (guapuruvu) e quatro concentrações de metais, 0, 250, 500 e 1000 mg.dm-3 de Pb e 0, 200, 400 e 600 mg.dm-3 de Zn, adicionados ao solo na forma de acetato de chumbo e sulfato de zinco. Após aproximadamente 180 dias de cultivo as mudas foram coletadas. Determinaram-se altura, área foliar total, massa da matéria seca (MS) da parte aérea e raízes, número de nódulos e MS de nódulos das espécies que nodulam. Na espécie que não nodula, S. parahyba, foi feita a medição da raiz pivotante e o volume total de raízes. Foram feitas as determinações dos teores de Pb e Zn, dos nutrientes essenciais e calculado o índice de translocação (IT). Foram determinados o conteúdo de pigmentos fotossintéticos, a atividade da nitrogenase, aminoácidos livres, nitrato, amônia, peroxidação lipídica (MDA) e a taxa de colonização micorrízica. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, análise de regressão e teste de Tukey. Verificou-se que altas concentrações de Zn adicionadas ao solo afetam mais significativamente o desenvolvimento de mudas de espécies arbóreas quando comparadas às concentrações de Pb utilizadas. Todas as espécies apresentam maiores concentrações de Zn e Pb nas raízes que agem como uma barreira à translocação dos MPs, considerado um mecanismo de fitoestabilização. O fato de serem espécies de leguminosas arbóreas de crescimento rápido, de fácil propagação, sistema radicular extenso e aliado ao fato de conseguirem absorver e concentrar os metais pesados Pb e Zn em suas raízes, sugere que estas espécies arbóreas analisadas podem ser potencias plantas fitorremediadoras de solos moderadamente contaminados, sendo que, para o Pb a espécie mais tolerante seria M. caesalpiniaefolia e para o Zn, a E. speciosa.
Abstract: Soil contamination by heavy metals (HM), caused by natural processes or human activity, is one of the most serious environmental problems due to their persistence and high toxicity potential. In HM contaminated environments, plants may present a series of physiological and nutritional disorders. However, some plant species are tolerant to HM and this tolerance has been selected during evolution. The mechanisms involved in plant tolerance to HM excess are diverse and varied. The association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can reduce the negative effects of stress induced by high concentrations of metals to the host plant. Considering the existence of tolerant plants, phytoremediation appears as na efficient strategy for the rehabilitation of areas contaminated with HM, especially using tree species, since these species immobilize absorbed metals for greater time periods in their tissues. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the tolerance, accumulation and distribution of Pb and Zn in three species of leguminous trees, and further, to evaluate the influence of these metals in mycorrhizal colonization and nitrogen fixation and evaluate the phytoremediator potential of each of the studied species. For this purpose, two experiments were conducted, one with Pb and another with Zn, with a completely randomized experimental design in a factorial 3 x 4 scheme. The treatments consisted of three species of tree legumes Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia (sansão-do-campo), Erythrina speciosa (eritrinacandelabro) and Schizolobium parahyba (guapuruvu) and four concentrations of metal, 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg.dm-3 Pb and 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg.dm-3 Zn added to soil in the form of lead acetate and zinc sulfate. Approximately 180 days after sowing, the seedlings were collected. We determined the height and total leaf area, the dry matter (DM) of shoots and roots, nodule number and nodule DM of nodulating species. In species that do not nodulate, S. parahyba, measurements were made of the tap root and root volume. Determinations were made of the levels of Pb and Zn as well as essential nutrients and the rate of translocation (IT) was calculated. The content of photosynthetic pigments was determined as well as photosynthesis, nitrogenase activity, amino acids, nitrate, ammonia and lipid peroxidation (MDA) and the rate of colonization was estimated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, regression analysis and the Tukey test (5% significance). It was found that the higher concentrations of Zn added to soil affected the development of seedlings of the tree species studied more significantly than those of Pb. All species had higher Zn and Pb concentrations in their root, indicating this organ acts as a barrier for metal translocation to the shoots in these plants, considered a phytostabilization mechanism. The fact that these species are fast growing, easily propagated and have a extensive root system that can absorb and concentrate Pb and Zn, suggests that they have potential for use in phytoremediation of contaminated soils.
Mestrado
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
29
Longo, Cibele. "Avaliação do uso de Leucaena leucocephala em dietas de ovinos da raça Santa Inês sobre o consumo, a digestibilidade e a retenção de nitrogênio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64132/tde-28042004-103446/.
Full textAbstract:
Este experimento teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da adição de Leucaena leucocephala como fonte protéica em dietas de ovinos no consumo voluntário, na digestibilidade total dos nutrientes e na retenção de nitrogênio. Para realização deste estudo foram utilizadas 6 dietas à base de feno de tifton e 12 ovinos machos, castrados da raça Santa Inês (35 kg) em changeover incompleto com três períodos de 21 dias cada. As dietas L20, L40 e L60 continham leucena em três níveis de inclusão (20, 40 e 60%), respectivamente, e as demais dietas, CL20, CL40 e CL60, continham concentrado como fonte protéica e foram denominadas de dietas controles. As causas de variação dos resultados foram analisados através da análise de variância e as médias (LSM, least square means) foram comparadas por contrastes não ortogonais e por regressão linear e quadrática utilizando os procedimento GLM do software SAS, 2000. O consumo voluntário de MS (CVMS) variou entre 52,0 (L20) e 67,7 (L40) g kgPV-0,75 e não houve efeito significativo (P>0,05) da utilização de leucena como fonte protéica. Os níveis de leucena influenciaram o CVMS apresentando diferenças significativas entre as dietas L20 e L40 (P<0,05). Os animais alimentados com a dieta L40 apresentaram aumento de 30% no consumo de MS (67,7 g kgPV-0,75) em relação a dieta L20 (52,0 g kgPV-0,75). Os resultados observados no ensaio de digestibilidade indicaram diminuição (P<0,05) da digestibilidade aparente da MS com a adição de leucena com valores de 39,0; 37,4; 39,0 % para as dietas L20, L40, L60 e 51,1; 50,4; 52,8 % para CL20, CL40 e CL60, respectivamente. A digestibilidade aparente da PB também foi reduzida com a adição de leucena (P<0,05) em comparação às dietas controles, com valores de 33,7; 32,0; 36,7; 52,2, 63,0 e 66,7 para as dietas L20, L40, L60, CL20, CL40 e CL60, respectivamente. A digestibilidade aparente das fibras foi afetada com a inclusão de leucena (P<0,05). Os coeficientes de digestibilidade de FDN foram 39,2; 35,7; 34,9; 50,0; 45,9; 45,3 e de FDA foram 34,8; 26,9; 25,1; 47,0; 55,7; 54,1 para as dietas L20, L40, L60, CL20, CL40 e CL60, respectivamente. A adição de leucena ou os níveis propostos de sua inclusão não alteraram a retenção de N entre as dietas com e sem leucena (P>0,05) apresentando valores de 1,4; 0,9; 3,3; 0,4; 3,8; 5,4 (L20, L40, L60, CL20, CL40 e CL60, respectivamente). As três dietas com leucena propiciaram maiores perdas de N nas fezes (6,2; 11,4; 12,4 g d-1, respectivamente; P<0,01) e menores teores de N na urina (4,0; 4,4; 6,3, respectivamente; P<0,01) que as dietas controles. A perda de N nas fezes ou na urina aumentou linearmente com o aumento do nível de leucena na dieta (P<0,01). Estes resultados mostraram que a utilização de leucena em dietas de ovinos Santa Inês, não afetou o CVMS e a retenção de N em comparação com dietas tendo concentrado como fonte protéica. Entretanto, reduziu a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, as perdas de N na urina e aumentou as perdas de N nas fezes. Entre as dietas com leucena, o nível de 40% de inclusão propiciou um CVMS máximo e as perdas de N nas fezes e na urina apresentaram um comportamento linear.This study intended to investigate the Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) addition as a protein supplement in sheep diet upon the voluntary dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen (N) retention. The experiment was conducted in a change-over design using 6 diets and 12 male Santa Inês sheep in 3 periods of 21 days. The diets L20, L40 and L60 consisted of Cynodon x cynodon (tifton) hay and leucaena at 3 levels, (20, 40 and 60%) of the total dry matter (DM), respectively. The control diets, CL20, CL40 and CL60, consisted of tifton hay and concentrate, at the same rate of protein as L20, L40 and L60, respectively. Sources of variation were analyzed by Analyses of Variance and the least square means were compared by non-orthogonal contrasts and linear and quadratic regression according to GLM procedures from SAS (2000). Dry matter intake (DMI) ranged from 52,0 (L20) to 67,7 (L40) g kgBW- 0 , 7 5d- 1. There was no significant effect with addition of leucaena (P>0,05). Significant differences on DMI were observed among the three levels of leucaena (P<0,05). Animals fed L40 showed 30% increase of DMI (67,7 g kgBW-0,75) related to L20 (52,0 g kgBW-0,75). Results from digestibility trial showed lower apparent digestibility of DM (P<0,05) with values of 39,0; 37,4; 39,0; 51,1; 50,4; 52,8 % for diets L20, L40, L60, CL20, CL40 and CL60, respectively. Apparent digestibility of PB was also reduced with addition of leucaena (P<0,05) related to control diets, showing values of 33,7, 32,0 36,7 % for L20, L40, L60 and 52,2, 63,0, 66,7 % for CL20, CL40 and CL60, respectively. Apparent digestibility of fiber was affected with inclusion of leucaena (P<0,05). The coefficients of NDF digestibility were 39,2; 35,7; 34,9; 50,0; 45,9; 45,3 and ADF were 34,8; 26,9; 25,1; 47,0; 55,7; 54,1 for diets L20, L40, L60, CL20, CL40 and CL60, respectively. Either addition or level of leucaena did not affect N retention (P>0,05) and presented values of 1,4; 0,9; 3,3; 0,4; 3,8; 5,4 for L20, L40, L60, CL20, CL40 and CL60, respectively. Diets containing leucaena led to an increase of faecal N losses (6,2; 11,4; 12,4 g d-1, respectively; P<0,01) and reduction of urinary N losses (4,0; 4,4; 6,3, respectively; P<0,01). Faecal and urinary N increased linearly (P<0,01) with level of supplementation. These results show that the use of leucaena for Santa Inês sheep did not affect DMI and N retention comparing to control diets; however, it reduced nutrients digestibility, urinary N and increased faecal N. Among level of leucaena included, the level of 40% caused maximum DMI and faecal and urinary N losses presented a linear behaviour.
30
Coletta, Luciana Della. "Decomposição foliar na Floresta Ombrófila Densa em diferentes altitudes e condições climáticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64135/tde-06102015-115523/.
Full textAbstract:
A decomposição da serapilheira é um processo fundamental, que influencia o armazenamento de carbono (C) no solo e a disponibilidade de nutrientes para as plantas e os microrganismos, afetando assim a distribuição de espécies em um ecossistema. A Floresta Ombrófila Densa, conhecida popularmente como Mata Atlântica localiza-se ao longo da costa brasileira e é caracterizada pela elevada diversidade e endemismo. Dentre as diversas famílias botânicas presentes neste ecossistema, a família Fabaceae apresenta grande importância, tanto pela sua abundância e ampla distribuição, como por desempenhar um papel importante no ciclo do nitrogênio (N) terrestre. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as taxas de decomposição e mudanças na composição inorgânica e orgânica da serapilheira ao longo desse processo em duas fisionomias de florestas (Terras Baixas vs. Montana) localizadas em diferentes altitudes (100 m vs. 1000 m). Levantamentos realizados em diferentes formações vegetais da Floresta Ombrófila Densa ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal indicam diferenças significativas na disponibilidade de N nos solos em diferentes altitudes, além de diferenças contrastantes na temperatura do ar. Essas diferenças podem influenciar na composição das folhas, que por sua vez interfere no processo de decomposição. Os experimentos com litter bags foram instalados no início do período seco e outro no início do período chuvoso, com duração de um ano cada um. As espécies selecionadas para esse estudo pertencem a família Fabaceae (Inga lanceifolia e Swartzia simplex var. grandiflora), e foram comparadas a uma espécie pertencente a família Monimiaceae (Molinedia schottiana). A taxa de decomposição e a degradação da lignina, celulose, hemicelulose e do nitrogênio foram mais rápidos na leguminosa da floresta de Terras Baixas em comparação a não-leguminosa. Por outro lado, não houve diferença nas taxas de decomposição entre I. lanceifolia e M. schottiana da floresta Montana. Mas, comparando a espécie M. schottiana, a não-leguminosa comum nas duas altitudes, esta espécie se decompôs mais rapidamente na floresta de Terras Baixas em relação a Montana. Na floresta de Terras Baixas, não só as temperaturas mais elevadas, mas também as diferentes característica químicas, como o elevado teor de N e a baixa razão C:N na serapilheira da leguminosa podem acelerar os processos de decomposição nesta floresta, além disso, a menor concentração de polifenóis na M. schottiana a 100 m comparada a 1000 m de altitude também pode ter favorecido as elevadas taxas de decomposição na floresta de Terras Baixas. Portanto, as características químicas da serapilheira também parecem regular as taxas de decomposiçãoLitter decomposition is a fundamental process that affects carbon (C) storage in the soil and nutrients availability for plants and microorganisms, impacting the distribution of species in a given ecosystem. The Dense Ombrophilous Forest, commonly known as Atlantic Forest, is located along the Brazilian coast and characterized by its high diversity and endemism. Among many botanic families existing in this ecosystem, the Fabaceae family has great importance because it is very abundant and well distributed and also plays an important role in the terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycle. The objective of this study was to investigate decomposition rates and changes in inorganic and organic litter composition throughout this process in two forest physiognomies (Lowland vs. Montane) located in different altitudes (100 m vs. 1000 m). Studies realized along an altitudinal gradient in different vegetation formations of Dense Ombrophilous Forest indicate significant differences in N availability in the soil of different altitudes, and contrasting differences in air temperature. These differences can influence leaf decomposition, which interferes in the decomposition process. One of the experiments with litter bags were set at the beginning of the dry season and another at the beginning of the wet season, each one with duration of one year. The species selected for this study belong to the Fabaceae family (Inga lanceifolia and Swartzia simplex var. grandiflora) and were compared to another species of the Monimiaceae family (Molinedia schottiana). The decomposition rates, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and nitrogen degradation were faster in legume than non-legume in Lowland forest. On the other hand, there was no difference in decomposition rates between M. schottiana and I. lanceifolia in Montane forest. But, comparing M. schottiana specie, a common non-legume in the two altitudes, this specie decomposed faster in Lowland than Montane forest. In Lowland forest, not only higher temperatures, but also the different chemical characteristics, such as high nitrogen content and low C:N ratio in the legume litter could accelerate the decomposition processes in this forest, in addition, lower polyphenols concentration in M. schottiana in Lowland compared to Montane forest can also favored the high decay rates in Lowland forest. Therefore, the litter chemical characteristics also appear to regulate the decomposition rates
31
Šišić, Adnan [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of Pathological Risks Associated with Use of Leguminous Cover crop and Living mulch species / Adnan Šišić." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1174700572/34.
Full text
32
Ben, Abdallah Heithem [Verfasser]. "Natural variation in leguminous species and rice shows physiological and molecular adaptation to abiotic stress / Heithem Ben Abdallah." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160085641/34.
Full text
33
Schulz, Steffen. "Performance and residual effects of leguminous crops in rice-based cropping systems of the Middle Mountains of Nepal." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363770.
Full text
34
Sinha, Debleena. "Development of an In Vitro Protoplast Culture System for Albizia Lebek (L.) Benth., an Economically Important Leguminous Tree." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500422/.
Full textAbstract:
An in vitro system of generating protoplasts from their callus cultures was established. The friable callus was more productive in terms of producing protoplasts than the green compact callus. The concentration of the various cell wall degrading enzymes had an effect on the viability of the protoplasts in the medium. The protoplast system developed from the experiments was stable and could be used for the transformation experiments of Albizia lebek and for other plant improvement practices.
35
Salawu, Mustapha Bello. "The nutritive value of the leguminous browse Calliandra calothyrsus and the role of condensed tannins in ruminant feeds." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU094729.
Full textAbstract:
Experiments were conducted to assess the potential of Calliandra calothyrsus as a feed for ruminants. The role of the condensed tannins in the nutritional quality of Calliandra and the ways of reducing the adverse effects were also investigated. Separate experiments were also conducted to evaluate the effects of condensed tannins in vivo in sheep and in vitro on rumen microbial activities. Lastly, the possibility of using tannins as silage additives was investigated. Calliandra samples were harvested from Zimbabwe and Kenya. The chemical composition of the plant showed that the leaves had a high crude protein (CP) content and had a balanced amino acid profile. These qualities appear to make Calliandra especially suited for the dry season supplement or feed for ruminants. However, In sacco dry matter (DM) and nitrogen degradability of the leaves and stems of samples harvested from Zimbabwe were very low. In contrast, leaves harvested from Kenya had a high rumen degradability. Differences were also observed between old and young plants from Kenya. The Calliandra samples also have a high flavanol as well as proanthocyanidin (PA) content, and the concentration of PAs in Calliandra was found to be inversely related with DM, nitrogen and amino acids digestibility in the gastro-intestinal tract. Extraction of the tannins in Calliandra and treatment with the binding agent polyethylene glycol (PEG) improved DM losses and gas production in vitro in a CBC system. Aqueous methanol extracts of Calliandra leaves were demonstrated to have differential effects on the growth of selected anaerobic gut bacteria. The cellulase and xylanase activities of the rumen fungus Neocallimastix frontalis strain RE1 was also reduced by aqueous extracts of Calliandra. Less than 50% of the bindings between Calliandra tannins and BSA was found to be pH dependent. However treatment of precipitates formed between tannins in Calliandra and BSA with PEG released over 70% of the bound protein into solution.
36
Trento, Filho Egyno. "Consorciação intercalar em linha com crotalária e feijão guandu anão na soqueira da cana-de-açúcar." Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2010. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/368.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao.pdf: 116799 bytes, checksum: 3e8130b0b12cb48079c689686d6e6753 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-02-01Two great challenges for the sugar cane agribusiness are the reduction of the investment and of the operational cost to increase the competitiveness of the sugar and of the etanol. The improvement of the chemical and physical quality of the soil in elapsing of the years of cultivation of the cane is one of the factors that contribute to win those challenges. The objective of this work was of evaluating the effect of the row intercropping with Crotalaria juncea (Sunnhemp) and Cajanus cajan (Pigeon pea) in the productivity, technological quality and margin of industrial contribution of the ratoon sugarcane. The experiment was accomplished in Valparaíso - SP in the Usina da Barra S/A subsidiary Univalem, using the statistical delineation in randomized blocks with four repetitions each. The results demonstrated that the productivity of stems for hectare of the leguminous was similar to the control. The organic compost as only nutrition source presented the largest productivity. The technological quality was similar in all of the treatments. The treatments Compost organic, Control and Sunnhemp without compost presented Margin of Contribution Industrial fellow creatures amongst themselves and superiors to the other treatments.
Dois grandes desafios para a agroindústria canavieira são a redução do investimento e do custo operacional para aumentar a competitividade do açúcar e do etanol. A melhoria da qualidade química e física do solo no decorrer dos anos de cultivo da cana é um dos fatores que contribuem para vencer esses desafios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito da consorciação intercalar em linha com Crotalaria juncea e Cajanus cajan na produtividade, qualidade tecnológica e na margem de contribuição industrial da soqueira de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado em Valparaíso - SP na Usina da Barra S/A filial Univalem, utilizando o delineamento estatístico blocos completos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os resultados demonstraram que a produtividade de colmos por hectare das leguminosas foram semelhantes à testemunha. O composto orgânico como única fonte de nutrição apresentou a maior produtividade. A qualidade tecnológica foi semelhante em todos os tratamentos. Os tratamentos Composto orgânico, Testemunha e Crotalária sem composto apresentaram Margem de Contribuição Industrial semelhantes entre si e superiores aos outros tratamentos.
37
Cavalcante, Claymir de Oliveira. "Distribuição espacial de leguminosas herbáceas em duas áreas de savana de Roraima." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2009. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=158.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO objetivo deste estudo foi o de entender os padrões de distribuição espacial de leguminosas (Fabaceae) herbáceas presentes em duas áreas de savana de Roraima, extremo norte da Amazônia brasileira (Monte Cristo MC e Água Boa AB). A proposta central foi a de identificar fatores ambientais edáficos (física e química do solo) que determinam a presença e a distribuição espacial de espécies desta família nas duas áreas pesquisadas. O estudo inventariou as espécies de leguminosas herbáceas em 12 parcelas permanentes no MC e em 22 no AB (2 m x 250 m cada uma). A riqueza total foi de 25 espécies (4 Caesalpinoidae; 19 Faboidae; 2 Mimosoidae), representadas por 24 espécies no MC e 19 no AB, sendo 18 comuns a ambas as áreas. A diversidade foi maior no MC (H= 1,07) em relação ao AB (H= 0,71). A similaridade (Sij) foi de > 84%, indicando que a distância geográfica (~50 km) não teve grande influência na composição das espécies de leguminosas. Chamaecrista desvauxii Collad. Killip. foi a espécie mais abundante nos dois campos, enquanto Eriosema crinitum H.B.K. no AB e Chamaecrista hispidula Vahl. no MC, assumiram altos valores de IVI (Índice de Valor de Importância). A análise de agrupamento (Genérica) em AB resultou em quatro grupos, sendo um monoespecífico representado por C. desvauxii, presente em quase todos os ambientes daquela localidade. No MC foram formados cinco grupos, sendo o mais rico formado por espécies detentoras dos maiores IVI (C. hispidula, E. crinitum and C. desvauxii). Este grupo combinou pouca influencia do lençol freático, com baixos teores de Fe (< 30 mg.kg-1) e altos de Mn (30-80 mg.kg-1), além de concentrações medianas de argila (15-20%). Os resultados das duas áreas sugerem que há um padrão de distribuição espacial de espécies de leguminosas herbáceas nas savanas das duas áreas amostrais associado à sazonalidade do lençol freático e, em alguns casos, de fertilidade e granulometria do solo. A ampliação deste estudo para outras regiões das savanas de Roraima pode fornecer informações importantes para o processo de conservação deste ecossistema da Amazônia.
38
Phiri, Donald Mwelwa. "The effect of leguminous browse supplementation on maize husk utilization by goats indigenous to the eastern province of Zambia /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60531.
Full textAbstract:
Small maize livestock farmers in the Eastern Province of Zambia badly need forage high in protein to supplement the protein deficient pasture grass. Nutrient intake, especially for the small ruminants with small gastro-intestinal capacity compared to metabolizable energy requirement, will be near or below maintenance if these poor quality feeds are not supplemented. High quality supplements however, are beyond the reach of the small scale farmers. The effect of feeding maize husk and leucaena as a mixture or separately on voluntary intake of maize husk was studied over a 40 day period. Ten male goats with an average weight of 15 kg were used. In a separate experiment the effect of browse supplementation on maize husk utilization by goats was studied. The treatments were; maize husk plus urea; maize husk plus Leucaena leucocephala (3:2); maize husk plus Calliandra calothyrsus (3:2); and maize husk plus leucaena plus calliandra (3:1:1). The results of the study indicate that leucaena and calliandra are both potentially valuable feed components.
39
Maldonado, Chavez Maria Lilian. "Obtaining and sampling of high quality energetic-protein mixtures (pottages) of tuber-cereal-leguminous bases in the Candelaria area." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1999. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5393.
Full textAbstract:
Specially designed foodstuffs destined for children of weaning age in the community of Candelaria were developed and evaluated biologically. These victuals had as bases combinations of tubers-cereals-legumes of high nutritional quality to be implemented in the home. Based on the availability of food and alimentary habits of the region, seven mixtures were formulated of triples and quadruples containing tubers (potato, oca, papaliza, and isano); cereals (rice, wheat, corn, and quinua); and legumes (tarwi, broad bean, and peanut). The cereal-leguminous proportion was maintained as one complement and the addition of the tubers. These mixes were subjected to biological tests, obtaining incremental measures in weight, PER, digestibility of the energy and protein, and energy density. From the results, five were selected of the best biological quality, considering principally the digestibility of the energy and protein whose values oscillated between 76% and 93% and 75% and 90% with an energy density of 1.2-1.6 kcal/gram. Of these, mixtures (pottages) were prepared which were evaluated sensorially, being submitted to three types of tests: a descriptive test, a quality test of sensorial valuation, and an acceptability test. Through the aforementioned, this work complied with the objectives of evaluating the mixtures with high protein-energy value and which cover the necessary requirements for children of weaning age.
40
Adediran, Gbotemi Abraham. "Role of plant growth promoting bacteria and a leguminous plant in metal sequestration from metal contaminated environments by Brassica juncea." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10523.
Full textAbstract:
The worldwide occurrence of sites contaminated with toxic metals and the associated high costs of remediating them using chemical and mechanical methods have led to calls to develop inexpensive and sustainable approaches based on the use of plants that naturally accumulate large amounts of metals in their tissues. The ability of plants to remediate metals has been rigorously studied and some species have been identified as excellent phytoremediators. However, the growth of phytoremediators is often retarded under high soil metal concentrations, rendering them ineffective. Meanwhile, some plants do not have remediating abilities but are capable of growing in contaminated environments with little or no sign of stress. Despite the volume of research dedicated to the screening and evaluation of phytoremediators, major questions remain about why some plants survive but do not remediate while the growth of phytoremediators is mostly hindered. The growth and metal-remediating efficiency of plants exposed to toxic concentrations of metals can be enhanced by inoculating phytoremediating plants with certain bacteria but the mechanisms behind this process remain unclear. Furthermore, the use of leguminous plants to improve the growth of a target plant under a mixed planting system has long been recognised as an effective yield-enhancing cropping system. However, the possibility of a non-remediating but tolerant leguminous plant conferring metal tolerance to a phytoremediator has not been explored. This thesis reports results from repeated glasshouse and lab-based growth experiments on the phytoremediating plant Brassica juncea exposed to 400 – 600 mg Zn kg-1. The aim was to investigate the abilities of two plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) species Pseudomonas brassicacearum and Rhizobium leguminosarum, and a leguminous plant Vicia sativa to promote B. juncea growth and enhance remediation of Zn-contaminated soil. B. juncea plant roots were analysed using synchrotron based micro-focus X-ray Fluorescence (μXRF) imaging and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (μXANES) analysis to probe Zn speciation. P. brassicacearum exhibited the poorest plant growth promoting ability, while R. leguminosarum alone and in combination with P. brassicacearum significantly enhanced B. juncea growth and Zn bioaccumulation. X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) analysis showed that reduced plant growth was due to root accumulation of Zn as Zn sulphate, Zn oxalate and Zn polygalacturonic acids. The better growth and increased metal accumulation observed in plants inoculated with R. leguminosarum and its combination with P. brassicacearum was attributed to root storage of Zn in the chelated forms of Zn phytate and Zn cysteine. A subcellular analysis of plant root also showed that the PGPB enhanced tolerance to Zn contamination by enhancing epidermal Zn compartmentalisation depending on the nature of root colonization, and induced changes in Zn speciation to less toxic Zn species in the epidermis and endodermis of plant root. The thesis therefore identifies enhanced Zn compartmentalization at the root epidermis and bacterial mediated changes in Zn toxicity through changes in Zn speciation as key complimentary mechanisms of plant growth promotion and enhanced Zn accumulation in plants by PGPB. Further experiments investigating alternative phytoremediation strategies showed that the use of the leguminous plant V. sativa in a mixed planting system with B. juncea plants completely out performed the effects of bacteria in promoting the growth and remediation potential of B. juncea under Zn contamination. By combining PGPB with mixed planting, B. juncea recovered full growth while also achieving maximum phytoremediation efficiency. The novel legume assistedmicrobial phytoremediation method that is reported in this thesis is the first to demonstrate complete plant growth recovery in plants exposed to 400 – 450 mg kg-1 soil Zn contamination for 5 weeks. Survival of V. sativa was attributed to its root storage of Zn in the chelated forms of Zn histidine and cysteine whereas in the roots of stunted B. juncea plants the majority of Zn was present as Zn oxalate and toxic Zn sulphate. Although the use of natural and synthetic chelates has been reported to enhance phytoremediation, this thesis recommends a legume-assisted-microbialphytoremediation system as a more sustainable method for Zn bioremediation.
41
Mangena, Phetolo. "An investigation on the cause of recalcitrance to genetic transformation in soybean,glycline max (L.) merrill." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3134.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis(Ph.D.(Botany)) --University of Limpopo,2019Genetic transformation offers great opportunities for rapidly introducing, selecting or inducing desired characteristics in various leguminous plants for breeding purposes. But, this technique remains aloof for soybean improvement due to challenges such as genotype specificity, inefficient regeneration protocols and the rapid loss of viability in seeds required to develop explants. However, the rate of seed deterioration and its influence on in-vitro plant genetic transformation differs according to the age, storage duration and moisture content of the seeds used. The moisture status of the seeds is usually high during harvesting and deterioration (loss of viability) starts to occur when seeds are stored under ambient conditions for long periods. This seed deterioration also results in a phenomenon called “recalcitrance”, which is predominantly realised in soybean. In the present study, selected soybean genotypes were analysed for: (i) the efficiency of germination using seeds stored for 0, 3, 6 and 9-months under ambient conditions (ii) the effect of seed storage on in-vitro multiple shoot induction, (iii) the competency of the selected soybean genotypes on callus induction and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and (iv) the evaluation of protein profiles of the genotypes following co-cultivation of cotyledonary node explants with A. tumefaciens. The results obtained in this study showed that, seed stored for more than 3-months had reduced rates of germination, seedling development and in-vitro shoot multiplication. In particular, seed stored for 9-months showed a significant drop in seed germination, and less than 50% overall seed germination (Dundee-42%, LS678- 49%, TGx140-2F-44% and TGx1835-10E-48%) except for LS677 and Peking with 52 and 55%, respectively. The efficiency of multiple shoot induction also decreased with the prolonged seed storage, with all genotypes recording overall decline from about 96% to 40% regeneration efficiency over this period. The mean number of induced shoots decreased from more than 10.5 to 4.2 shoots per explant, for each genotype. The results obtained clearly indicated that efficient in-vitro shoot induction depended largely on seed storage duration, viability and significantly differed according to genotype. Following the evaluation for callus induction and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation frequencies, the results indicated that the responses were genotype specific. This trend was consecutively observed in all soybean cultivars used (LS677, LS678, Dundee, Peking, TGx1740-2F and TGx1835-10E). Furthermore, the responses of the genotypes were also dependent on the culture media composition,especially, plant growth regulators and antibiotics. Amongst the cultivars used, Peking demonstrated the highest callus induction capacity (more than 70%) on MS-A and the mean number of shoots induced (1.65) using cotyledonary explants co-cultivated with Agrobacterium. This was followed by LS677 (1.42 shoots), LS678 (1.40 shoots), Dundee (1.30 shoots), TGx1835-10E (0.80 shoots) and TGx1740-2F (0.75 shoots), respectively. These genotypes also demonstrated low yields of proteins, extracted using a TCA buffer, and separated by means of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional profiles of proteins extracted from explants infected with Agrobacterium differed significantly to those expressed without co-cultivation of cotyledonary nodes with bacteria. These observations suggested that, the infection and co-cultivation of explants with Agrobacterium may have caused the expression of new proteins. Newly expressed proteins could also be found to either promote or inhibit transgene integration and expression on the cotyledonary node explants transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens for trait improvement. This study has clearly demonstrated that soybean production is confronted with a myriad of stress factors, including seed storage and quality problems due to unfavourable storage duration and weather conditions, amongst others. Thus, soybean seeds used for germination, callus induction, multiple shoot induction and genetic improvement should be harvested at R8 stage after reaching physiological maturity (with 20-35% seed moisture content) to avoid any mechanical damage, shattering or loss of seed viability.
National Research Foundation
42
Scheepers, Cornelius Coenraad Wilhelm. "Physiological and biochemical constraints on photosynthesis of leguminous plants induced by elevated ozone in open-top chambers / Cornelius Coenraad Wilhelm Scheepers." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9830.
Full textAbstract:
Air pollution is one of the most critical and urgent problems globally and is also a growing concern in southern-Africa. Rapidly growing cities, increased traffic on roads, use of non-renewable fuels, reliance on outdated industrial processes and a lack of implementation of environmental regulations, are all major factors that contribute to the poor air quality in most developing countries such as South Africa (Agrawal, 2005). As a lot of air pollution is due to vehicles, no evident solution appears to be in sight. As a result of anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), tropospheric ozone (O3) has increased drastically during the last centuries. Although there are many oxidising pollutants in the atmosphere, O3 is currently regarded as one of the most important air pollutants, since it causes more damage to vegetation world-wide than all the other air pollutants combined (Ashmore & Bell, 1991). In the Unites States of America, losses in the region of US$ 3 billion result each year from the impacts of O3 pollution on crops (Holmes, 1994). Holland et al. (2002) estimated that the agricultural damage in Europe as early as 1990 due O3 damage was in the order of ₤ 4.3 billion. The phytotoxicity of O 3 is due to its high oxidative capacity through the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in exposed plant tissue, such as superoxide (O2 –), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH) and singlet oxygen (1O2) (Malhorta and Khan, 1984). Specifically in southern Africa, there is a growing concern that the concentrations of O3 commonly found in the southern African troposphere may adversely affect natural vegetation, forests and crops (van Tienhoven and Scholes, 2003). While much research has been done in Asia, North America and Europe, little attention has been directed on Africa. Since agriculture plays a critical role in food security and economic growth in developing countries, it is of the utmost importance to understand and study the effect of air pollution on plants.
The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the physiological and biochemical constraints imposed by O3 on two leguminous crops by analysing various parameters deduced from photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence induction measured in parallel. In our first experiment, Phaseolus vulgaris genotypes (S156 and R123) with known differences in sensitivity to O3, were exposed to an elevated level of this pollutant at 80 nmol mol-1 in open-top chambers. The specific aim of this experiment was to identify the physiological and biochemical mechanism involved in the difference in resistant properties to O3 of the two genotypes. In the second experiment Pisum sativum plants were subjected to a concentration of 80 nmol mol-1 O3 and drought stress, singly or combined. The specific aims of this experiment were to evaluate whether a moderate drought stress in combination with O3 would have any additional effects on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of the test plants. With respect to the first experiment: The sensitive genotype (S156) of Phaseolus vulgaris developed visual symptoms after 12 days of fumigation, ultimately developing into bronze-coloured lesions, which gradually joined together after 35 days of O3 exposure. A highly significant reduction of 58 % in the final pod weight occurred in the S156 genotype exposed to 80 nmol mol-1 O3. The latter decrease was mainly due to the pronounced decreases in CO2 assimilation as a result of a 61 % and 75 % decrease in the CO2 saturated rate of photosynthesis (Jmax) and carboxylation efficiency (CE), respectively. From the parameters obtained from the fluorescence data it could be concluded that the major effects responsible for the decrease in photosynthesis occurred in the reduction of end electron acceptors [δRo / (1-δRo)] and the efficiency of the conversion of trapped excitation energy to electron transport [ψ0 / (1-ψ0)]. The effect was also reflected by a decrease in the phenomological electron transport flux (ET/CS0). This was also the main reason for the reduced Jmax and CE in the S156 genotype.
With respect to the second experiment: It was illustrated that elevated O3 levels of 80 nmol mol-1 reduced photosynthetic capacity of Pisum sativum without any accompanying visual injury throughout the experiment. CO2 gas exchange analysis indicated that inhibition of the mesophyll reactions as well as stomatal limitation were responsible for inhibition of photosynthesis in Pisum sativum. Analysis of the data revealed severe inhibition of the carboxylation efficiency (CE; Rubisco activity) and maximum rate of CO2 assimilation (Jmax; regeneration capacity of RuBP), ultimately leading to a marked reduction in CO2 assimilation (A370). The in vitro analysis revealed a highly significant O3 induced decrease in Rubisco activity in Pisum sativum test plants of up to 39 % corroborated the gas exchange data. As stomata regulate O3 uptake, our hypothesis was that the drought stress decreased O3 flux into the leaf due to stomatal closure. The stomatal conductance of the drought stressed treatments (DSCF and DSO3) was on average 56 % of that of the control plants (WWCF). This large decrease in stomatal conductance also illustrated by the scanning electron micrographs, showing closure of the stomatal aperature in the drought treatments. Analysis of the chlorophyll a fluorescence transients revealed inhibition of electron transport on the acceptor side of PSII, resulting from the inability of the inactive donor side to donate electrons. That means that the donor side, especially the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), was damaged. The chlorophyll a fluorescence data further supported the gas exchange data by confirming that the inhibition of CO2 assimilation was mainly due to impairment of the formation of end electron acceptors such as ATP and NADPH. The chlorophyll content decreased significantly in Pisum sativum plants exposed to O3. This was also reflected by the moderate decrease of 5 % and 4 % in the density of reaction centers per cross-section (RC/CS) calculated from the fluorescence transients, in the well-watered and drought stressed treatments, respectively. It could be assumed that the decreased chlorophyll content contributed to the decreases in biomass and yield production. It was also shown that O3 induced increases in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme, peroxidase (POD) after 20 days of fumigation in the O3- treated test plants, which, after 30 days of fumigation, increased by a highly significant 40 % and 41 % in the WWO3 and DSO3 plants, respectively. The additional drought stress induced on the DSO3 test plants showed no additional inhibitory effect on the test plants, indicating an ameliorating effect caused by the partial closing of the stomata. The latter finding proved the hypothesis set on the interaction between drought and O3 on P.sativum to be true.
In conclusion: Using the resistant, R123 and sensitive, S156 bean genotypes as tool, valuable insight was gained into the inhibitory effect of O3 on plants. Although the R123 genotype of Phaseolus vulgaris exhibited no stress symptoms with respect to fluorescence and gas exchange data, the seed yield was affected. Photosynthesis was largely inhibited in the S156 genotype, mainly due to inhibition of the photosynthetic electron transport, resulting in decreased reduction of end electron acceptors, ultimately causing a decrease in CO2 assimilation. The above limitations ultimately lead to a large reduction in seed yield in S156. Our data show that the O3 sensitivity of S156 is mainly due to a weakness of the photosynthetic apparatus and electron transport chain. Especially PSII function, including the OEC, proved to be very vulnerable. Exposing P. sativum to O3 and drought stress simultaneously or singly lead to a drastic inhibitory effect on photosynthesis. Although it was shown that the decrease in stomatal conductance lead to amelioration of the O3-effect, the interaction was difficult to interpret as drought stress on its own has a constraints on photosynthesis.Thesis (MSc (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
43
Moreira, Joventino Fernandes. "Avalia??o do res?duo alcalino do refino de bauxita como condicionador de solos e do estabelecimento de dend? nos tanques de estocagem." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2006. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/509.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
2006-Joventino Fernandes Moreira.pdf: 938643 bytes, checksum: b9ddd1b30c4ea4ca7ccd346032713eb5 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2006-02-17Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The production of aluminum and alumina generates a great amount of red mud, which is harmful to the environment mainly for its high pH, electric conductivity and concentration of sodium, which restrict plant growth. However, there are some indications that it may be used as a conditioner for acid sandy soils. This work tested a red mud from an alumina production plant by Alumar- S?o Lu?s MA, Brazil as soil conditioner for two acid soil types: sandy and clay soils) and the growth of oil palm hybrids (E. guinensis x E. oleifera) grown in red mud deposition tank vegetated with leguminous trees for 8 years. The red mud was characterized in relation to its physical, chemical and microbial characteristics and tested in two types of soils, a Planossolo and an Argissolo and two bioindicators plants, the grass Brachiaria brizantha and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Bean plants were harvested and brachiaria received a first cut 50 days after planting. A second and third cut were performed in brachiaria 70 and 140 days after the first one. Plant biomass was dried until constant weight and analysed for nutrient content. Number of sprouts of grass was counted at the third harvest. The evaluation of oil palm growth on red mud included eight hybrids between Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guiinensis from Embrapa Amaz?nia Ocidental. breeding program (C2501, C2301, C2328, C3701, C2801, C7201, RUC13 and RUC 87) 12 months after transplanted to a red mud tank vegetated for 8 years with a mixture of nodulated leguminous trees. Diameter at the base of the plants, top diameter, number of leaves, plant height, diazotrophic bacteria, mycorrhizal fungi and nutrient contents were studied on the oil palm plants. Soil fauna and nutrient availability were evaluated in soils under oil palm and in an area with native species nearby the tanks. The addition of small amounts of red mud to the soils increased soil pH. Addition of red mud decreased plant growth in both soils tested with more deleterious effect on bean than on the grass. However the addition of 5 Mg ha-1 of red mud in the sandy acid soil increased the grass biomass at the last harvest in relation to the control. The evaluation of the oil palm in the tanks indicated that hybrid RUC 87 and C7201 presented larger diameter at soil level, plant height and number of leaves. All cultivars and hybrids showed large population of diazotrophic bacteria in their leaves and mycorhizal infection on roots. Similar richness and density of soil fauna was observed in the red mud below the oil palm to that observed in a soil collect in a secondary forest nearby indicating that the vegetation with leguminous trees is returning the ecological processes toward a sustainable system.
O processo de produ??o de alum?nio e alumina gera grande quantidade de res?duo de bauxita, tamb?m chamado red mud (lama vermelha). Este res?duo ? objeto de preocupa??o para o meio ambiente devido as suas caracter?sticas de alto pH e condutividade el?trica, al?m da elevada concentra??o de s?dio, condi??es estas prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento de plantas, tornando dif?cil o manejo desse material e necessitando de grandes ?reas para seu armazenamento. Por outro lado, alguns estudos t?m sido desenvolvidos com aplica??o desse material na agricultura, visando aumentar o pH e disponibilidade de nutrientes e melhorar a reten??o de ?gua para as plantas em solos arenosos. Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de uso do res?duo alcalino do refino de bauxita tratado e n?o tratado com ?gua do mar como condicionador de solos. Para isso os materiais foram caracterizados em aspectos f?sicos, qu?micos e microbiol?gicos e comparados quanto a seus efeitos no solo testando-os sobre dois tipos de solos, um Planossolo e um Argissolo e sobre duas plantas bioindicadoras, a braqui?ria (Brachiaria brizantha) e o feij?o comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Ap?s 50 dias do experimento, as plantas de feij?o foram colhidas e foi feito o primeiro corte da braqui?ria, as plantas foram secas e pesadas, para a an?lise da massa seca. Contou-se tamb?m o n?mero de perfilhos da braqui?ria e nesta foram feitos mais dois cortes, um aos 120 e o ?ltimo aos 190 dias. Al?m dessa avalia??o foi feito um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento de dend? nos tanques de estocagem do res?duo ap?s 8 anos de implanta??o da revegeta??o com leguminosas arb?reas. Foram utilizadas 8 materiais gen?ticos de Elaeis spp (dend?) recomendados pela Embrapa Amaz?nia Ocidental: C2501, C2301, C2328, C3701, C2801, C7201, RUC13 e RUC87 e avaliados o di?metro do c?lo da planta e da copa, o n?mero de folhas, a altura das plantas, a presen?a de bact?rias diazotr?ficas e fungos micorr?zicos associadas ?s plantas de dend?, a fauna de solo e o estado nutricional das plantas e a fertilidade do solo. Os resultados apresentados indicam que os res?duos foram eficientes na eleva??o do pH do solo, j? com pequenas doses. A leguminosa mostrou-se mais sens?vel que a braqui?ria em rela??o ? salinidade provocada pela adi??o dos res?duos, nos dois tipos de solos, sendo que nessa ?ltima, houve aumento de mat?ria seca de parte a?rea em fun??o das doses dos res?duos n?o tratado e tratado com ?gua do mar at? a dose de 5 Mg ha-1, no Planossolo. Na avalia??o do dend? foi observada uma grande quantidade de bact?rias diazotr?ficas e coloniza??o micorr?zica, independentemente do gen?tipo. Os dados indicam tamb?m um melhor desempenho para os gen?tipos RUC87 e C7201 no que se refere ao di?metro do c?lo e da copa, n?mero de folhas e altura das plantas, apresentando uma maior capacidade de estabelecimento destas cultivares em rela??o ?s demais. No que se refere ? fauna do solo na ?rea de dend?, os seus valores de riqueza de grupos e densidade de indiv?duos foram pr?ximos aos valores encontrados em uma mata secund?ria local o que mostra que a revegeta??o com leguminosa est? sendo eficiente em retomar os processos ecol?gicos e o equil?brio do ecossistema.
44
Abdulrazak, S. A. "The effects of supplementing roughage diets with leguminous tree forages on intake, digestion and performance of crossbred cattle in coastal lowland Kenya." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU079009.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter One. A general introduction on feed resources in the coastal lowland Kenya, use of the legume tree forages, and their effect when used as supplements to low quality roughage is presented. This is followed by a review of the literature on the role of microbes in the rumen and the synthesis of microbial protein. The factors that influence the feed intake in ruminants are also reviewed. The role of the leguminous tree forages as supplements to low quality basal diet is presented with more emphasis on the effects of feeding forages from gliricidia and leucaena trees, on intake, digestion and animal productivity. The effects of deleterious compounds with particular reference to tannin is reviewed. Chapter Two. Twenty intact and five fistulated crossbred steers (Ayrshire/Brown Swiss x Sahiwal) were used in Experiment One. The materials and methods used in this experiment had much in common with those of the three following experiments. Therefore procedures similar to all experiments are described in this chapter and only briefly mentioned in the subsequent chapters. The objective of the experiment was to describe the response in production as a result of supplementing napier grass basal diet with incremental levels of gliricidia forage. Napier grass basal diet was offered ad libitum alone or supplemented with 7.5, 15, 22.5 or 30 g DM/kg W0.75/d. Intake and live weight changes were measured for 49 days, and digestibility, and microbial N supply during the last week of the experiment with the twenty steers, in a randomized design. The rumen parameters were measured in the five fistulated steers in a 5 x 5 latin square design. Total Dry matter (DM) intake tended to increase (5.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.4 and 5.7 kg DM/d, s.e.d 0.21; P 0.05) with supplementation, but this was accompanied by a linear decrease in napier grass intake (5.2, 4.7, 4.5, 4.3 and 4.2 kg DM/d, s.e.d 0.21; P 0.05). The diet digestibility, rumen pH and in sacco DM degradation of napier grass remained unchanged, while the rumen ammonia concentrations (NH3-N) were increased linearly (P 0.05) from 130 to 215 mg/1 for control and highest level of gliricidia forage offered. When gliricidia was offered as proportionally 0.26 of the diet, animal weight gains were increased proportionally by about 0.56. The relationship between the amount of gliricidia offered and the average daily gain was such that, every 10 g DM /kg W0-75 increment of gliricidia forage resulted in 49 g/d of live weight gain. The estimated microbial N supply were lowest in the control group and supplementation tended to increase the yield, but with no significant difference across the treatments. Chapter Three. The objective of Experiment Two was to examine the effect of supplementing napier grass with incremental levels of leucaena forage on voluntary food intake, diet digestibility, rumen fermentation, and live weight gains in steers. The same animals used in Experiment One were used in this experiment. The levels of leucaena offered were 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 or 30 gDM/kg W0.75/d, the same as those of gliricidia in Experiment One. Increasing the proportion of leucaena forage in the diet of steers offered napier grass had no significant effect on the intake of the napier grass (5.2, 5.3, 5.3, 5.3 and 5.0 kg DM/d, s.e.d. 0.21). The total DM intake increased linearly (5.2, 5.8,6.2,6.6 and 6.7 kg DM/d, s.e.d 0.31; P 0.001). The response was such that for every increment of 10 g DM/kg W0.75 of leucaena, the total intake was increased by 0.52 kg DM/d. Diet digestibility tended to increase, while the rumen pH and in sacco DM degradation characteristics remained unchanged with supplementation. Rumen NH3-N was significantly increased by approximately 11 mg/1 for every 10 g DM/kg W0.75/d of leucaena forage offered. The growth of the animals was improved with supplementation, and the relationship between the amount of leucaena in the diet and the gain was such that for every 10 g DM/kg W0-75/d increment of leucaena forage intake, the gains were increased by 96 g/d. It could be predicted that 1 kg of leucaena offered would result in 171 g/d of gain. At a highest level of leucaena offered ie. proportionally 0.27 of the diet, the weight gains were increased by 0.57 compared with the control group. Chapter Four. The objective of Experiment Three was to examine the effect of incremental levels of gliricidia forage on voluntary food intake, digestion, microbial N supply and live weight gains. Twenty crossbred steers (Ayrshire/Brown Swiss x Sahiwal) and five fistulated steers of the same breed were used for the trial. Intake, diet digestibility, microbial N supply and live- weight changes were measured using the twenty steers and the rumen parameters using the five fistulated steers. Maize stover was offered ad libitum plus 1 kg of maize bran alone, or supplemented with 7.5, 15, 22.5 or 30 g DM/kg W0.75/d of gliricidia forage. Supplementation with gliricidia forage significantly increased the total DM intake (3.0, 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.5 kg DM/d, s.e.d. 0.10; P 0.001) but depressed the intake of maize stover. The response in total DMI was an additional of 0.21 kg DM/d for an increment of 10 g DM/kg W0.75 of the legume. Diet digestibility was not significantly changed, nor was the rumen pH. The degradation parameters was slightly higher in the supplemented group, however, there were no difference in the degradation characteristics of the feeds incubated in steers offered different level of legume forage. Rumen NH3-N and live weight gains were significantly increased with supplementation. The relationship between the proportion of the supplement in the diet and the rumen ammonia or daily gains were such that, for every increment of 10 g DM/kg W0 75 of the legume offered the NH3-N and daily gain were increased by 16 mg/1 and 69 g/d respectively. The microbial N supply tended to be higher in the supplemented groups than the control (30.8, 37.2, 32.9, 34.9, 32.3, s.e.d. 1.06; P 0.05). Chapter Five. Experiment Four compared the type (gliricidia or leucaena) and levels (15 or 30 g DM/kg W0.75) of legume forages given as supplements to maize stover. The effects on intake, diet digestibility, rumen parameters, microbial N supply and live weight gains are presented and discussed. The same steers used in Experiment Three were used in this experiment (Twenty for the growth trial, and the five fistulated animals for the measurements of rumen parameters. The steers were offered maize stover ad libitum plus 1 kg maize bran alone, (2 kg for the fistulated animals), or supplemented with either 15 or 30 g DM/kg W0.75/d of gliricidia or leucaena (Control, G15, G30, L15 or L30). The intake of the basal diet was significantly (P 0.05) increased from 2.3 to 2.5 and 2.3 to 2.7 kg DM/d when of either gliricidia or leucaena respectively were offered as 0.17 of the diet. At higher level of supplementation (to about 0.33 of diet), the maize stover intake tended to decline. The total DM intake were increased (P 0.001) at both levels of both supplements offered (3.2,4.1,4.6,4.3 and 4.6 DM/kg, s.e.d 0.05, being the intakes for control, G15, G30, L15 and L30 respectively). Supplementation at the lower level significantly increased the diet digestibility. The rumen pH remained unchanged, the rumen NH3-N increased (31, 80, 101, 95, 111 mg/1 s.e.d 20.4; P 0.001), and the in sacco DM characteristics of the feeds tended to increase with supplementation. Both the DM and nitrogen (N) in leucaena forage were degraded at a slower rate than in gliricidia. The control group had the lowest (P 0.001) gains, compared with the supplemented groups. The leucaena supplemented group tended to have higher live weight gains than the gliricidia group, but the differences were not significant. Gains were 81, 355, 695, 396, 753 g/d s.e.d 44.5 for control, G15, G30, L15 and L30 groups respectively. With all parameters measured, there were no significant difference between supplementation with gliricidia or leucaena forages, at either level.
45
Cattanio, José Henrique. "Soil N mineralization dynamics as affected by pure and mixed application of leafy material from leguminous trees used in planted fallow in Brazil." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=967137764.
Full text
46
Oyedeji, Ayodele A. "Impacts of selected leguminous tree species and kaolinite pre-amendment on oil-contaminated soil for bioremediation in the oil-bearing region of Nigeria." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/609041.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the impacts of selected Leguminous Tree Species (LTS) and kaolinite pre-amendment on oil-contaminated soil. It covered assessment of different levels of contamination (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml in 4000 g soil; which represents the degree of light crude oil spillage concentration as 0.0, 0.63, 1.25, 1.88 and 2.5 %v/w) on the growth performance of Albizia adianthifolia, Albizia odoratissima, Bauhinia monandra, Delonix regia, Peltophorum pterocarpum and Tetrapleura tetraptera LTS investigated. Percentage germination, seedling height, seedling girth, number of leaves and number of nodules decreased as the concentrations of crude oil in soil samples increased. LTS affected soil physicochemical properties. Soil acidity decreased; soil organic matter, carbon content and exchangeable ions increased. N, P and K were altered in the LTS planted soil as compared to controls, but there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences. There were increased microbial counts in the crude oil-contaminated soil planted with LTS as compared with non-LTS planted soils. Hydrocarbon removal was significantly higher (P < 0.05, n = 3) in LTS planted soil than in non-planted soil. D. regia planted soils had most hydrocarbon removal and had significantly more growth in terms of plant height, girth and leaf production in the field. Kaolinite (10 and 20 g samples) applications were suitable and effective sorbent agents for oil-contamination at the different oil concentrations. The sorption potential of kaolinite increased with the increase in kaolinite to 20 g. The potential re-usability of kaolinite after the initial use for oil sorption was analysed and 10 g of burnt kaolinite sorbed 43.62%, while 20 g sorbed 58.90%. The rate of oil sorption by fresh kaolinite was significantly higher than burnt kaolinite. Results show the considerable potential of phytoremediation protocols with LTS and kaolinite as combined remediating agents for oil spill remediation in the humid tropics.
47
Baraúna, Alexandre Cardoso. "Diversidade e eficiência simbiótica de estirpes de rizóbios isoladas de nódulos de pau-rainha (Centrolobium paraense Tul.)." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2013. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=160.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCentrolobium paraense Tul. conhecida popularmente como pau-rainha é uma leguminosa arbórea que ocorre em ilhas de mata, florestas de transição e matas de galerias das savanas de Roraima. Esta leguminosa se beneficia do processo de fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) através da simbiose com bactérias do grupo rizóbio. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a diversidade e a eficiência dessas bactérias em simbiose com pau-rainha. Este estudo teve como objetivo a caracterização de rizóbios associados às raízes de pau-rainha em Roraima, bem como a avaliação da eficiência simbiótica na promoção do crescimento de mudas através da FBN. Para isso, plantas de pau-rainha foram cultivadas em solos coletados em ilhas de mata localizadas nos municípios de Mucajaí, Bonfim, Boa Vista e Normandia para obtenção dos nódulos, e posterior isolamento das bactérias em meio de cultura. As bactérias foram caracterizadas morfologicamente e agrupadas de acordo com os perfis gerados. Representantes de cada grupo foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de nodulação utilizando o feijão-caupi como planta hospedeira. Os que apresentaram resultados positivos foram caracterizados geneticamente através da técnica de BOX-PCR e sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA. Em seguida uma nova autenticação foi realizada, e os isolados que repetiram os resultados anteriores ou apresentaram similaridade com espécies reconhecidamente nodulíferas foram selecionados para teste de eficiência em pau-rainha. Para avaliar a eficiência da FBN, os rizóbios foram utilizados na inoculação de plântulas de pau-rainha sob condições estéreis de casa de vegetação durante 100 dias, procedendo à análise estatística para os parâmetros: nitrogênio total, massa seca da parte aérea, área foliar, massa seca de raiz, número de folíolos, altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, massa seca de nódulos e número de nódulos. Os identificados como Bradyrhizobium foram avaliados através do sequenciamento de cinco genesglnII, gyrB, rpoB, recA e dnaKpara análise de sequência multilocus (MLSA). De um total de 355 nódulos coletados, foram obtidos 178 isolados, sendo a maioria de crescimento lento com capacidade de alcalinizar o meio de cultura, compatíveis com o gênero Bradyrhizobium. A partir da caracterização morfológica foi gerado um dendrograma onde se constatou a formação de nove grupos com perfis distintos. Quarenta isolados foram selecionados para a autenticação e trinta e seis foram capazes de induzir a nodulação. A análise do BOX-PCR revelou-se que estes isolados apresentam pouca semelhança entre eles. No entanto a análise do sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, revelou que a maioria dos isolados pertenciam ao gênero Bradyrhizobium. Estes confirmaram a capacidade de nodulação e foram selecionados para ensaio de eficiência em pau-rainha juntamente com quatro isolados identificados comoRhizobium tropici e Pleomorphomonas oryzae. Os isolados pertencentes ao gênero Bradyrhizobium foram os mais eficientes, com destaque para os isolados ERR 326, ERR 399 e ERR 435 que proporcionaram os melhores resultados em todas as avaliações. A partir da MLSA ficou evidenciado que os isolados apresentaram grandes divergências com as estirpes de referência de Bradyrhizobium, indicando haver espécies novas colonizando o pau-rainha.
Centrolobium paraense Tul. popularly known as wood-queen is a leguminous tree that occurs in islands of forest, transition forest and gallery forests of Roraima savannas. This legume benefits from the process of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) through symbiosis with rhizobia bacteria group. However, little is known about the diversity and efficiency of these bacteria in symbiosis with wood-queen. This study aimed to characterize rhizobia associated with the roots of wood-queen in Roraima, as well as evaluating the symbiotic effectiveness in promoting the growth of seedlings by FBN. For this, plants of wood-queen were grown in soils collected in forest islands located in the municipalities of Mucajaí, Bonfim, Boa Vista and Normandia to obtain the nodules, and subsequent isolation of bacteria in culture medium. The bacteria were morphologically characterized and grouped according to the profiles generated. Representatives of each group were evaluated for nodulation using cowpea as host plant, and those who tested positive were genetically characterized using the technique of BOX-PCR and partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA. Then a new authentication was performed, and that the isolated or repeated previous results showed similarity with known nodulating species were selected to test efficiency in wood-queen. To evaluate the efficiency of BNF, the strains were used to inoculate seedlings wood-queen under sterile conditions in a greenhouse for 100 days, carrying out statistical analysis for theparameters: total nitrogen, shoot dry weight, leaf area, root dry weight, number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, dry mass and number of nodes. Those identified as Bradyrhizobium were evaluated by sequencing five genes glnII, gyrB, rpoB, recA and dnaK for multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA). From a total of 355 nodes collected were obtained 178 isolates, most slow growing with capacity to alkalinize the culture medium, compatible with the genus Bradyrhizobium. From the morphological characterization of a dendrogram was generated which demonstrated the formation of nine groups with distinct profiles. Forty isolates were selected for authentication and thirty six were able to induce nodulation. A BOX-PCR analysis revealed that these isolates show little similarity between them. However the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that most isolates belonged to the genus Bradyrhizobium. These confirmed the nodulation and were selected for assay efficiency wood queen with four isolates identified as Rhizobium tropici and Pleomorphomonas oryzae. The isolates belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium were the most efficient, especially for isolates ERR 326, ERR 399 and ERR 435 that provided the best results in all evaluations. From the MLSA was evident that the isolates showed large differences with the reference strains of Bradyrhizobium, indicating a new species colonizing the wood-queen.
48
Shadwell, Eleanor. "Rivalry for nutrient resources : is there competition below ground between leguminous trees and grasses in a mesic and arid savanna in the Kruger National Park?" Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25558.
Full textAbstract:
As described in the resource-based co-existence theory, trees and grasses are able to co-occur due to partitioning of the edaphic environment in savannas. This study describes the fine root-distribution of dominant leguminous C₃ trees and C₄ grasses relative to soil nitrogen, phosphorus and water profiles using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (of the fine roots). The study occurs on a mesic savanna (737 mm MAP) site on sandy-loam soils and an arid savanna (547 mm MAP) site on clay-rich soils in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. We show that most tree and grass roots are located in the upper layers of the soil and both are present to the bottom of the profile. Root biomass is positively correlated to soil nitrogen and phosphorus and negatively to soil moisture and there were significant differences between sites, but very few of the results were significantly different down the soil profile. Therefore, the niche-separation hypothesis was not supported. The Scheiter & Higgins (2007) model illustrates that even though rooting niche separation is not an essential precondition for grass-tree coexistence, competition in the rooting zone can shape patterns of tree dominance in savannas, which may help in dealing with the problem of bush encroachment in savannas.
49
Tolentino, Elizabeth Rigo de Sousa. "Plantas de cobertura e atributos físico-hídricos de um latossolo vermelho distrófico em sistema de produção orgânico." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2006. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8090.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-02T19:00:37Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Elizabeth Rigo de Sousa Tolentino - 2006.pdf: 2909580 bytes, checksum: 9a36ffc079b25ce43a839acaf936421d (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-01-08T10:41:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elizabeth Rigo de Sousa Tolentino - 2006.pdf: 2909580 bytes, checksum: 9a36ffc079b25ce43a839acaf936421d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-08T10:41:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Elizabeth Rigo de Sousa Tolentino - 2006.pdf: 2909580 bytes, checksum: 9a36ffc079b25ce43a839acaf936421d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-29
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
This work had the objective to evaluate the effect of different soil cover plants on the physical and hydrical attributes of a Rhodic Haplustox in an organic production system, under two tillage systems, no-tillage (SPD) and conventional tillage (SPC). In each soil tillage system, were evaluated the following cover plants: velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), sorghum (Sorghum technicum), and fallow. It were analyzed the soil physical and hydrical attributes and its aggregation status in the soil layers of 0-10, 10-20 , and 20-30 cm deep. The experiments were carried out at the experimental area of Embrapa Rice and Beans, in Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, in 2x5x3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The soil cover plant management was done at flowering. The cover plant straw stayed on the soil in SPD and it was incorporated at soil profile in SPC. The soil water retention, evaluated by retention curves, was affected by soil tillage systems and cover plants. In the superficial layer, 0-10 cm deep, there was higher soil water retention in notillage system. In this system, at 0-30 cm deep, the soil cultivated with leguminous showed higher soil water retention than that cultivated with sorghum or in fallow. The soil aggregation status was influenced by soil tillage system. The percentage of aggregates with diameter higher than 2 mm and the mean weight diameter of aggregates was higher in SPD than in SPC, at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers. It was observed a positive correlation between these variables and soil organic matter in SPD. In two tillage systems, soil organic matter content decreased with soil depth.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes plantas de cobertura de solo sobre os atributos físicos e hídricos de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico em sistema de produção orgânico, sob plantio direto (SPD) e preparo convencional (SPC). Em cada sistema de manejo do solo, foram avaliadas as plantas de cobertura: mucuna preta (Mucuna aterrima), crotalária (Crotalaria juncea), guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan), sorgo vassoura (Sorghum technicum) e um tratamento com vegetação espontânea (pousio). Foram analisados os atributos físicos e hídricos do solo e seu estado de agregação nas camadas de solo de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-30 cm de profundidade. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na área experimental da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, em Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial 2x5x3, com quatro repetições. O manejo das plantas de cobertura de solo foi efetuado por ocasião do florescimento. Os restos culturais foram deixados sobre o solo no SPD, e incorporados ao perfil, no SPC. A retenção de água do solo, avaliada pelas curvas de retenção, foi afetada pelo manejo de solo e plantas de cobertura. Na camada superficial, 0-10 cm de profundidade, houve maior retenção de água, no sistema plantio direto. Nesse sistema, no perfil de 0-30 cm, o solo cultivado com leguminosas reteve mais água que os cultivado com sorgo e em pousio. O estado de agregação foi influenciado pelo sistema de manejo de solo. A porcentagem de agregados com diâmetro maior que 2mm e o diâmetro médio ponderado dos agregados foram maiores, nas camadas 0-10cm e 10-20cm, no SPD em relação ao SPC. Foi observada correlação positiva entre essas variáveis e o conteúdo de matéria orgânica no SPD. Nos dois sistemas de manejo, o conteúdo de matéria orgânica decresceu com a profundidade do solo.
50
Neto, Horst Bremer. "Dinâmica populacional de plantas daninhas, desenvolvimento, estado nutricional e produção de citros em função da associação de adubos verdes, cobertura morta e herbicidas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-07032007-145635/.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da vegetação intercalar composta por gramíneas e leguminosas perenes e da cobertura morta, obtida pelo manejo mecânico da vegetação intercalar, e herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência, na linha da cultura, sobre a população de plantas daninhas, características químicas do solo, estado nutricional, desenvolvimento vegetativo e produção de citros. O experimento foi conduzido, durante as safras 2004/2005 e 2005/2006, na Fazenda São Judas, Lucianópolis - SP, em um pomar de laranja Pêra (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck.), plantado em outubro de 2002. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas sendo 7 tratamentos e 2 subtratamentos, com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1) vegetação intercalar de Brachiaria ruziziensis R. Germ. & Evrard, sem cobertura morta na linha da cultura; 2) vegetação intercalar de B. ruziziensis, com cobertura morta1 na linha da cultura; 3) vegetação intercalar de B. ruziziensis e Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg com cobertura morta1 na linha da cultura; 4) vegetação intercalar de B. ruziziensis e Stylosantes spp. com cobertura morta1 na linha da cultura; 5) vegetação intercalar composta por Brachiaria plantagineacom cobertura morta1 na linha da cultura 6) vegetação intercalar de Arachis pintoi com cobertura morta1 na linha da cultura; 7) vegetação intercalar de estilosantes \'mineirão\' (Stylosathes macrocephala (25%), S. capitata (60%) e S. guianensis (15%)) com cobertura morta1 na linha da cultura. Os herbicidas aplicados às subparcelas foram: 1) glyphosate a 1260 g e. a. ha-1 e 2) paraquat a 400 g i. a. ha-1. Pelos dados obtidos pode-se observar que: a vegetação intercalar dos tratamentos 2, 3 e 4 obtiveram as maiores produções de fitomassa e cobertura morta, seguido pelos tratamentos 5 e 7 e a menor produção de fitomassa foi obtida pelo tratamento 6. A cobertura morta de B. ruziziensis proporcionou menor densidade de plantas daninhas por até 90 dias. O teor de matéria orgânica, nas entrelinhas, na camada de 0-0,10 m, nos tratamentos 2 e 4 foi superior em 3,79 e 3,48 g cm-3 em relação ao tratamento 6, enquanto que na camada de 0,20-0,40 m, o teor de matéria orgânica, do tratamento 6, foi superior em 4,6, 5,1 e 3,9 g cm-3 em relação aos tratamentos 1, 3 e 4, respectivamente. Nas linhas da cultura, o tratamento 4 e 3 apresentaram teor de K superior em 1,28 e 0,95 mmolc dm-3, respectivamente, em relação ao tratamento 6, nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m de solo. O estilosantes proporcionou incrementos no teor foliar de N de 2,58 e 2,55 g kg-1, em relação aos tratamentos 1 e 2. O teor foliar de P do tratamento 4 foi superior ao tratamento 1 em 0,31 g kg-1, sendo observada uma correlação entre a densidade do sistema radicular na camada de 0-0,10 m de solo e o teor foliar de P. Não foi verificado efeitos dos tratamentos e herbicidas no desenvolvimento vegetativo, bem como na produção total no período avaliado.The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of cover crops from grass and perennial leguminous in the orchard inter-rows, mulch, produced through mechanical management with a lateral rotary mower from inter-row cover crops associated with herbicides applied in pos-emergence, on the rows, on population dynamics of weeds, soil chemical characteristics and development, nutrition and citros production. The experiment was carried out at the São Judas farm, Lucianópolis - SP - Brazil during the harvest of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006 in a citrus orchard of Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck cv. Pera, planted in October, 2002. The experimental design used was of randomized blocks with subdivided plots and 4 replications. The treatments were; 1) Cover crop of Brachiaria ruziziensis R. Germ. & Evrard, without mulch on the row; 2) Cover crop of B. ruziziensis and mulch on the row, produced through mechanical management with a lateral rotary mower (REL) from this cover crop; 3) Cover crop of B. ruziziensis and Arachis pintoi Krap. & Greg and mulch on the row, produced through REL from this cover crop; 4) Cover crop of B. ruziziensis and estilosantes \"mineirão\" (Stylosathes macrocephala (25%), S. capitata (60%) e S. guianensis (15%)) and mulch on the row, produced through REL from this cover crop; 5) Cover crop of Brachiaria plantaginea and mulch on the row, produced through REL from this cover crop; 6) Cover crop of Arachis pintoi and mulch on the row, produced through REL from this cover crop; 7) Cover crop of estilosantes \"mineirão\" and mulch on the row, produced through REL from this cover crop.The herbicides applied into the subplots were: 1) glyphosate at the rate 1260 g a.e. ha-1 and 2) paraquat at the rate 400 a.i. ha-1. In these experiments, it could be observed that: the cover crops from the treatments 2, 3 and 4 got higher wet biomass and mulch than others treatments; B. ruziziensis mulch decrease the weeds density until 90 days after the distribution; in the inter-row, into 0-0,10 m soil layer, the treatments 2 and 4 organic matter, was higher than treatment 6, however, into 0,20-0,40 m soil layer, treatment 6 organic matter was higher than treatments 1, 3 and 4. Into the rows, treatments 4 and 3 achieved K tenor higher than treatment 6 in 1,28 and 0,95 mmolc dm-3, respectively, into 0-0,10 and 0,10-0,20 m soil layers. Estilosantes promoted N foliar increases of 2,58 and 2,55 g kg-1 regarding treatments 1 and 2. Treatment 4 P foliar tenor was higher than treatment 1 in 0,31 g kg-1. It was observed a correlation between root density into superficial layer soil and P foliar tenor. It was not verified any effect of treatment or herbicides on development and total citros production.