Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Substance (philosophie)'
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Look, Brandon. "Leibniz and the vinculum substantiale /." Stuttgart : F. Steiner, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39279408f.
Full textBergmann, Markus. "Unendlicher Panpsychismus Kraft und Substanz in der Philosophie des Individuums von Leibniz /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968536859.
Full textSimon, Bertrand. "Sextus, César, Pierre et les autres. . . : traitements du singulier dans la philosophie de Leibniz." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040185.
Full textJacquet, Caroline. "Leibniz et Hesse, existence et harmonie." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30021.
Full textThe aim of this thesis, is to pursue and examine thoroughly the study of the leibnizian thought we began to process in our Mastership and D.E.A. Looking at the frontier between philosophy and literature, we develop the viewpoint of the leibnizian novelist, Hermann Hesse (1877-1962), whose impressive work offers numerous connections with leibnizian theory. We based our study on the main notions of existence and harmony, which are both important concepts in the works of Leibniz and Hesse. Throwing light on some underlying leibnizian subjects in Hessian poetic thought, we examine the impact of leibnizian metaphysics in the literary universe of Hesse, which, at first sight, escapes to rationality.Analysing the notions of existence and harmony in Hesse and Leibniz leads to define precisely some leibnizian concepts which are very essential ones : expression ( of bodies, minds, universe…), communication, conception of freedom, optimism. In the leibnizian universe, which is a "kaleidoscopic" one and a site where numerous interactions and concomitances take place, the individual, though being determined in his essence as a "monad", i.e. a completely self-sufficient entity, only exists by inclusion in the whole world it belongs to. We tried to reveal the omnipresence of a number of leibnizian concepts in Hesse, who conceives the world as a set of correlations and subtle resonances, governed by an immanent superior Being. Like the leibnizian monad, the hessian individual contains in himself infinite possibilities, which it is his own responsability to explore and develop, in the view of making the experience of happiness. The search for a kind of eudemonism, which constitutes a basic question in the hessian work, is also an existential instanciation of the philosophical concept of optimism, a leibnizian subject. In Hesse's work, man is in search of an art of living, which can make him get self-fulfilment and absolute serenity. Longing for a mental balance, and for a true communication with the outer world – maybe with some divine principle – he is searching his niche in life, in its universal harmony
Ahn, Jong-Su. "Leibniz' Philosophie und die chinesische Philosophie /." Konstanz : Hartung-Gorre Verl, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35454089b.
Full textSchneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Leibniz und der Eklektizismus." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-149007.
Full textSteiner, Uwe. "Poetische Theodizee : Philosophie und Poesie in der lehrhaften Dichtung im achtzehnten Jahrhundert /." München : W. Fink, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376868418.
Full textAlcantéra, Jean-Pascal. "La théorie du changement réel selon G. W. Leibniz." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010675.
Full textIn Leibniz's work, the resumption and the insertion of mecanistic research program into a theory of force, then into a dynamic science about moving action, are sustained with a natural philosophy regulated by the double exigency of the principle of indiscernability and the law of continuity. However, if the first domain can reach the phenomenal level, where three equations of conservation are confirmed, also the level of substances, from which proceds, without summation of extended parts, the former level, it does not seem that Leibniz has defended a similar enlargment with the law of continuity, far from mutations becoming noticeable by the analysis of elastic collision. Inherent to complete beings, varaiations which are related in fact to the aristotelician category of alteration, in order to be real, or to avoid entanglements of atomism, where leads necessarly mecanism in a narrow sens, take obviously a discreet mark. If they did not, there came back to the idealistic structure of continuity, and they could not divided matter to the infinite, and so could not product infinite variety of nature. In the first part, the receipt of mecanistic program is confronted with the characteristica geometrica, which formalises the matter of uncomplete physics surreptitiously, and, as we saw in the second part, the abstract continuity. The doctrin of "transcreation" about motion avoids the famous labyrinth, and equally forestalls activity of monads. The third part shows the compatibleness of dynamics with the generation of indiscernables, considerably through a study of the letters between Leibniz and the dutch physician B. De Volder
Roland, Jeanne. "Corps organique et constitution de l'individualité chez Leibniz." Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100117.
Full textMy purpose is to appraise the oppositional capacities of the Leibnizian concept of organic body to the Cartesian dualism. The concept of organic body is crucial in thinking individuality. First I examine the metaphysical stance consisting in giving substantial forms to certain bodies, at the time when the concept of individual substance supported by the criticism of the res cogitans al well as that of the res extensa was coming to form. Looking at the typology of phenomena, crossing path with the typology of aggregates, leads to shed light on the relations between the individual substance and the corporeal reality. The Ego isn’t the res cogitans anymore, but isn’t a proper corporeal substance either. It’s its organic status, which is the natural condition shared by every creature, that constitutes within it the reason for the connection with other substances; this reason makes for its individuality. In 1695, the concept of machine of nature, specifying that of organic body, is contemporaneous with the “hypothèse des accords”. Body and soul aren’t so much two distinct substances than two points of view on the individual unity, such as it is achieved in the infinite composition of a machine of nature. We need to identify the nature of the transition from the individual substance to the simple substance or monad. This transition happened at the same time as the birth of the word “organism”: naturalization of the being, which is not to say that the monads are soul-like, but that they are necessarily articulated to the organic reality of a body. From then on, individuality, thought as a composition, revolves around a no-substantial reality: the organic reality
Debuiche, Valérie. "La notion d'expression chez Leibniz." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0008.
Full textSchneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Leibniz und der Eklektizismus." de Gruyter, 2002. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12761.
Full textSchneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Anachronismus und Zeit der Philosophie in den Leibniz-Interpretationen von Martin Heidegger und Gilles Deleuze." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-149203.
Full textRey, Anne-Lise. "L'ambivalence de la notion d'action : un exemple de diffusion de la dynamique de Leibniz, la correspondance entre Leibniz et De Volder." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040259.
Full textThis thesis concerns the analysis of the processes by which the newly invented science of dynamics was diffused at the end of the XVIIth century. These processes involve a strategy initiated by the inventor himself, Leibniz. This strategy, in turn, had an effect on Leibniz's elaboration of his science of dynamics. Dynamics, as a new science of force and action, emerges in 1689 in Leibniz's "Dynamica de potential". It presents itself as a critical response to Descartes' mechanics. The explicit aim of dynamics is to propound a conservation principle of the force which holds for every bodily motion, the dynamics also informs the definition of the notion of substance. We want to explain the elaboration of Leibniz's strategy for diffusing the dynamics through the study of the notion of action and its ambivalence. Action is thus at the same time a dynamical conservation principle and the essence of substance. We propose a genetic study of the evolution of the gradual process by which the notion of action comes to have the meaning that it does. Though we can attain a partial understanding of this notion through a study of the logic of Leibniz's own thought, a full understanding of it requires circumscribing its role in the contemporaneous intellectual context and apprehending its singularity with regard to modern philosophy and science. We pull together these different aspects through the analysis of two important Latin correspondences (which we translate), the one between Leibniz and De Volter, and the other between Leibniz and Johann Bernoulli, with the help of the concept of style, borrowed from G. -G. Granger. Style can be defined as the use of symbolism by a thinker which permits one to consider a thought in its individual specificity at the same time as that individually specific thought is integrated into scientific knowledge. This concept of style allows to articulate two central aspects of the dynamics : a way of expression and diffusion proper to each specific audience (to correspondents, readers of learned journals, or to the audience of theoretical texts) and the system of equivalence between different ways of expressing the same doctrinal content, which operates thanks to higher and higher levels of abstraction, which articulate levels of expression with levels of intelligibility and levels of reality
Bak, Je-Chul. "La structure et l’identité des êtres chez Leibniz." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040141.
Full textThis thesis is an exploration of the system and history of Leibniz’s philosophy. We hypothesize that our interpretation of the individual substance is relevant to his philosophical system. Different from the opinions of Russel and Clatterbaugh, we speculate that for Leibniz the individual substance is a bundle of its attributes. We endeavour to demonstrate the view and it shows the system of Leibniz's philosophy, that is, the totality of the relations of the Leibnizian doctrines: the structure of concepts and individuals ; the trans-world identity and the diachronic identity of the individual substance. Leibniz's philosophy, unlike Couturat suggested, has changed even after 1686. To demonstrate it, this thesis considers his doctrinal changes of the corporeal substance. It is to show that Leibniz’s philosophy is not only systematic but also historical
Coutard, Jean-Pierre. "L'interrogation sur le vivant chez Leibniz et quelques savants de son temps." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040249.
Full textLeibniz attempts to go beyond the cartesian dualism by asserting the substantial monad as an expression of an active primitive power which perceives and desires, which is a living power. Some leibnizian principles and conceptual tools allow to take a different look at the living as a continuous effort towards the optimal active power of a remarkable unity which constantly differentiates itself according to numerous levels of expression and degrees of perfection. If life is an evolutionary system of active forces driven by a will for growth, and if these forces are by nature the ones of a power giving a meaning, then the immediately unity of the being and the perceiving arises, in a context of a Desire where better we perceive better we are
Pelletier, Arnaud. "L'ordre des choses : catégories et définitions chez Leibniz." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040118.
Full textThis study deals with the way Leibniz constantly pursued the establishment of categories that would be worthy of the name under which he received them: that of orders of things. The main thread is to grasp how the categorial issue, whose stake is the institution of real definitions, does not meet only one single categorial doctrine, but rather indicates a program giving place to various conceptions of terms’ relationship to things. The first section reconstructs the evolution and singularity of the categorial designs from the combinatorial art onto the search for general terms (1666-1690). The second section examines the defense of categories and real definitions, partly unpublished, which Leibniz addresses to Gabriel Wagner (1690-1698). Lastly, the third section, also based on unpublished material, shows how the monadological turn demands to change the categorial reform itself in a transcendental doctrine of the thing (1695-1716)
Fleury, Jean-Matthias. "Forces et dispositions : l’ontologie dynamyste de Leibniz à l’épreuve des débats contemporains." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040062.
Full textThis work talks about the contemporary philosophy of dispositions, through a comparison with the leibnizian philosophy of force. It shows that most of the contemporary positions are probably fixed by the cartesian's and lockian's interpretations of the powers in physics, and that the leibnizian's interpretation is good enough to purpose some issues about the ontology, epistemology and semantics of the powers, without endorse the problems of the generality and the indetermination of dispositions. This work wants to show that it's possible to defend a realist interpretation of the powers like Leibniz did. It wants to clarify some questions about causality and legacy in physics, and discuss some of the interpretations of the contemporary results in physics in terms of propensions
Schneider, Ulrich Johannes. "Anachronismus und Zeit der Philosophie in den Leibniz-Interpretationen von Martin Heidegger und Gilles Deleuze." Königshausen & Neumann, 2003. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A12773.
Full textVagna, Rogério [UNESP]. "A geração da vida em Leibniz." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93141.
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Partindo do sistema leibniziano e tomando como fio condutor a questão da geração da vida, pretendemos indicar os motivos filosóficos que levaram Leibniz a apoiar os biólogos pré-formacionistas do século XVII. A idéia de embutimento (ou encaixamento) de um novo ser dentro do seu progenitor, defendida pela teoria pré-formacionista, traz como que um exemplo do mundo monádico leibniziano, no qual todos os acontecimentos futuros, inclusive a geração de novos seres, foram já estabelecidos por Deus no momento da criação. As investigações microscópicas desenvolvidas por biólogos da época, especialmente por Leeuwenhoeck, descrevem um mundo até então desconhecido e trazem uma comprovação experimental da concepção teórica leibniziana.
Coming from the Leibniz`s system and taking as thread the question of the generation of the life, we intend to indicate the philosophical reasons that had taken Leibniz to support the preformationist biologists from the 17th century. The idea of inlaying (or fitting) of a new being into its ancestor, defended by the preformationist theory, brings an example about Leibniz`s monads world, in which all the future events, also the generation of new beings, already had been established by God at the moment of the creation. Microscopic researches developed by biologists at this time, especially by Leeuwenhoek, describe an unknown world until then, and bring an experimental evidence of Leibniz`s theoretical conception.
Proyart, Jean-Baptiste de. "Madeleine de Scudéry et la philosophie : de Descartes à Leibniz." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010568.
Full textMadeleine de Scudéry is an anticartesian who denounced descartes, his scepticism and his epicurianism. She is able to accuse him of having written a "roman de la nature" only because she has for a long time ago conceived a determinate notion of fiction that she shared with Leibniz. She is also anticartesian in drawing the same conclusions than the augustinian mecanism. The human nature itself is part of the order and love is disconnected from God's alterity. During the 1680's, sapho condemned the pure love of the mystics. Her attitudes and theories of the 1680's (against descartes, the quietism, the epicurianism and other matters) could in fact be derivated from her early antimysticism of the 1650's. The history of philosophy can indeed not be split from the one of spirituality
Nita, Adrian. "Métaphysique du temps chez Leibniz et Kant." Poitiers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003POIT5005.
Full textGibier, Mathieu. "Fondation des lois du mouvement dans la "Dynamica De Potentia" de G. W. Leibniz : traduction et commentaire." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT2012/document.
Full textThis memoir offers a translation and a detailed commentary of Leibniz’s posthumous work Dynamica de Potentia, composed in Latin in 1689-90 during his trip to Italy. A special attention has been cast to the structure of the arguments and to the numerous topics linking this treatise to Leibniz’s other works : non only his published texts about dynamics, but also his meditations about metaphysics and the foundation of mathematics. I have also tried to replace Leibnizian dynamics into the scientific context which has made its birth possible, comparing Leibniz’s methods both with those of his great predecessors, Archimedes, Galileo, Descartes, and with those of his great contemporaries, Wallis, Huygens, Newton. The first part, called “abstract dynamics”, mainly deals with mathematical issues requiring technical explanations and a frequent use of the calculus.One of the principal issues is indeed, how to extend calculus outside the boundaries of geometry and make it an appropriate tool to formalize mechanics. The second part of the treatise raises almost all the major questions attached to classical mechanics : the meaning of the laws of conservation and their harmony, the enigma of the cohesion of matter, the relativity of motion. It tried to elucidate them in the notes running besides Leibniz’s text, but also in longer analyses conceived as introductions or appendices to the chapters
Jouin, Pierre. "La logique de l'inhérence et la structure des emboîtements à l'infini chez Leibniz." Paris 4, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA040065.
Full textAnfray, Jean-Pascal. "Temps, prescience et contingence : Leibniz et ses antécédents scolastiques." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040185.
Full textThis work deals with three related philosophical problems : logical fatalism, the dilemma of divine foreknowledge and human freedom, and the ground of providence. These questions are handled through the analysis of Leibniz and some of his precursors, most notably the Jesuits. We insist on Leibniz's twofold attitude – of both continuity and rupture – toward the scholastic tradition. In the light of these general questions, other concepts, like the interpretation of modalities, the nature of time and its relation to eternity, etc. We adopt an analytical method according to which the rational reconstruction of arguments is preferred to the presentation of philosophical systems. From an historical point of view, this work tries to account for the way perennial philosophical topics found their birth place in theologically orientated discussions. This is especially clear in the case of an understanding of counterfactuals and the device of possible worlds in modal theory: both topics receive an original treatment in the context of the theory of Middle knowledge
Andrault, Raphaële. "La vie et le vivant. Physologie et métaphysique chez Spinoza et Leibniz." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0076.
Full textThe importance of life and living beings has been often seen as a characteristic feature of Spinozism and Leibnizianism : in this respect, these philosophies would distance themselves clearly from Cartesian thought. How are we to understand, then, the fact that one does not find either in Spinoza or in Leibniz the extensive physiological developments one finds in Descartes ? Is it possible that a "biological" thought does not integrate a comprehensive explanation of the functioning of animated bodies ? Answering these questions requires first and foremost understanding the evolution of the medical knowledge at Spinoza an Leibniz's time : we have to determine the nature of medical phenomena described by the naturalists, to elaborate the new problems depending on them , and to show the doctrinal choices by wich the scientists decided to address these problems. To underline the ability of Spinoza and Liebniz to account for living beings, it is necessary first to establish the precise meanings of "life", "orgnanism" or "animated bodies" in the late seventeenth century. Thus, a history of sciences and ideas is required to avoid prejuding either the singularity of a position or the universality o the problems. This will allow us to relate the Spinozist and Leibnizian conceptions of mind to their adoption of the "negative heurisitc" of mechanism
Bowden, Sean. "La priorité ontologique des événements dans la "Logique du sens" de Gilles Deleuze." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/152360085#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to examine the way in which Deleuze affirms the ontological priority of events over substances in his 1969 work, "The Logic of Sense". In particular, the thesis analyses the way in which Deleuze grounds this affirmation by establishing a complex and 'structural' relation between the works representative of several of the philosophers and intellectual movements which Deleuze privileges in "The Logic of Sense", namely, the Stoics, Leibniz, Albert Lautman, Gilbert Simondon, Structuralism and Psychoanalysis. We will show Deleuze constructs a concept of the ontologically primitive event by extracting from the works of these thinkers, on the one hand, a number of event-related problems and, on the other hand, a system of concepts which are capable, with several important qualifications, of resolving these problems, and thus functioning as the elements of a concept of the event on which, in the final analysis, every substance depends. We conclude that the process of associating, ordering and bringing into relation the worldly events characterizing things in general – that is, of discovering the laws which govern them and of constructing their corresponding concepts – is itself an event, always already underway, which is produced in an intersubjective and linguistic context. This 'sense-event' can be described in terms of a moving structure of relations between events. Within this structure, events of all orders and levels determine one another to determine things in general, and without reference to some already given substance which would fix this structure from outside
Lèbre, Jérôme. "Hegel et la critique de l'analyse." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010582.
Full textAnalysis is generally considered to be a minor moment in the hegelian method. It assumes, however, a strange role in the overall hegelian system. This activity, which decomposes any representation, object or concept, initiates the false starts and false movements of reflexion, but it also helps the logical condensation of anthropological achievements, thus revealing the appropriation of the external world by a living subject, able to reach knowledge. It offers finally a specific view on dialectics itself. This study tries to make clear the relationships between several well known couples (analysis and synthesis of course, but also representative and empirical analysis, analytical judgment and analytical method, finite and infinite analysis) emphasizing various dialogues between hegel and other philosophers (especially Locke, Leibniz, Kant and Bergson). Two paradoxes are accorded particular attention. First, analysis is so immanent that it accounts for its objects by a series of identical propositions, and so explains nothing. Secondly, it is so formal that it seems to be valuable for any kind of object, even if it denatures the singularity of each. One can see how hegel, by articulating logic and method, grounds these paradoxes on the real genesis of knowledge, how he justifies them as useful in the fight against unsplittable totalities, and finally how he gets around them both by showing that rather than bringing out abstract characteristics, infinite analysis selects moments when works account for their authors, or points where individual, free and necessary decisions are expressed
Fauvergue, Claire. "Diderot et la philosophie de l'inquiétude." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20049.
Full textTimmermans, Benoît. "Descartes, Leibniz et le renversement de l'analyse à l'âge de la révolution scientifique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212648.
Full textSerfati, Michel. "La constitution de l'écriture symbolique mathématique." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA01067A.
Full textThis dissertation is devoted to the description of the establishment of mathematical symbolic writing, primarily achieved with descartes' geometrie 'to examine some transcendental figures of knowledge organized by the new system,finally to analyse the part of the new symbolic in inventing and creating objects. The first part le systeme depicts the birth of the symbolic, organizing two registers,combinatoric's and meaning's. All was in fact achieved between 1591 and 1637, vieta's isagoge and descartes' geometrie we describe from diphantus to cardan the previous systems,such as cossic's and vieta's use of letters. Descartes'contribution was conclusive with three points : symbolic punctuation,cartesian exponential,and the loop ('sign for equality'). The second part symbolique et invention is primarily organized around leibniz and his discovery in 1676 of newton's epistola prior containing a lot of combinatoric and meaningful questions. The chapter characteristique et nouveau calcul describes leibniz creating his fundamental algorithme, primarily by means of 'combinatoric playing'with substitutions,apart from any signification. In l'art combinatoire. Substitutions et metamorphoses, the concept is extended,so as to reach its modern form: tool for mathematical invention,anchored in the symbolic. Formes sans significations finally depicts a meta-procedure for building up objets from their form,initially analysed in the correspondance of 1676 between leibniz and newton,then in the creation of the field of complex numbers,thus resolving bombelli's riddle of 'imaginary quantities'. We examine some accomplishments of this usual epistemological scheme in euler's work (complex exponential and new 'factorial'),in some recent questions (distributions of l. Schwartz),as well as in a personal example
Fichant, Michel. "Recherches leibniziennes : études d'histoire de la philosophie de la connaissance." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010691.
Full textThe whole of the various works which are presented involves : I. Two critical editions with notes and historical as philosophical commentaries : 1. G. W. Leibniz : de l'horizon de la doctrine humaine et apokatastasis panton (la restitution universelle), followed by an essay : "plus ultra", Paris, 1991. 2. G. W. Leibniz : la "Réforme de la dynamique". Le "De corporum concursu" (1678), Paris, 1993. II. A collection of papers recherches leibniziennes (1971-1993), divided in three sections : 1. The formation of dynamics. This section (6 titles) is focused on the interpretation of de corporum concursu (1678), where Leibniz has for the first time admitted the definition of force in terms of mv2, and allows to follow the genesis of leibnizian natural philosophy from 1671 to 1680. 2. Dynamics and metaphysics. 4 Papers are treating of some aspects of the metaphysical interpretation developped by leibniz himself of his dynamics in the maturity works. 3. Logico-metaphysical studies. 3 papers are setting off the dependance of leibnizian logic towards the ontological presuppositions of the system and are examining his theory of demonstration in the light of logicists and formalists conceptions. Iii. A smaller collection of papers quatre etudes d'histoire de la philosophie de la connaissance. The subject-matters of those are : the cartesian theory of knowledge from the regulae to the dioptrique, the interpretation of the beginnings of modern science gived by Ernst Cassirer, and the physical theology of maupertuis
Rösler-Le, Van Claire. "Negotium irenicum : les tentatives d'union des Églises protestantes de G.W. Leibniz et D.E. Jablonski." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040050.
Full textThe first volume of our thesis presents a commented translation of the correspondence between the philosopher G. W. Leibniz (1646-1716) and the theologian D. E. Jablonski (1660-1741), centred on their participation to a negotium irenicum between the Reformed Court of Berlin and the Lutherian Court of Hanover (1697-1706, with a brief resumption in 1716). The second volume presents a commented translation of the main texts written during these union attempts. The correspondence allows to set the negotium irenicum in its historical context and to understand its political, methodological and ethical stakes. The irenical texts try to harmonise the controversial doctrines on the Last Supper and the predestination
Konno, Ryoko. "L’abstrait et le concret dans la physique de Leibniz à l’époque de Mayence." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL023.
Full textIn this present work, we study the meaning of the abstract and the concrete in Leibniz's physics at the time of Mainz (1668–1672 March). Through his hylomorphism, Leibniz seeks to consider how to apply the concept of action to the body. In this perspective, his search for physics consists of two points: 1/ the search for the specific meaning of the substantiality of the body; 2/ the search for the extension of the use of action – these are essential subjects in his theology –. Thus understood, his reflection in the abstract theory show that the main concepts in his theory of motion - size, figure and movement - sont analysed according to the specific use in each context in which they appear. Thanks to this research, Leibniz receives the concept of the conatus by Hobbes. These reflections prepare the abstract side of his physics. During this process, Leibniz is also interested in the sensitivity of the human being. This subject is related both to the search for the fundamental nature of the human mind and to the phenomenality of the corporeal world. From there, Leibniz opened the way for the search for the sensitive phenomenon in physics, which constitutes the concrete side of his physics. With all this research, Leibniz founded his first two treatises in physics, which are divided into abstract theory and concrete theory. To integrate abstract and concrete into physics, Leibniz uses the concept of oeconomia. This shows that young Leibniz is seeking to establish physics, which is rooted in his metaphysics, but which is autonomous as a science
Sita, Patrícia Coradim. "Leibniz contra o vazio : a relação entre a teoria das substâncias e o conceito de espaço." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4779.
Full textIn order to understand the concepts of space and matter in the physics of Leibniz we should consider the metaphysical concept of substance. Such is the fundamental hypothesis of our inquiry. The problem is to conciliate the mechanical causality with an universe consisting of immaterial simple substances. Taking into account the principles of Leibniz s cosmology, the dynamic conception of substance, the refutation of the vacuum, the continuum and the infinite, the matter appears to be an aspect of the substance susceptible of infinite divisibility, without thereby invalidating the indestructibility and unity of substance. From this it arises that the space is full and relational.
A hipótese fundamental da nossa investigação é que há uma relação de dependência entre os conceitos de espaço e matéria e a metafísica leibniziana centrada na substância, o que implica a importância dessa metafísica para a compreensão da física de Leibniz. A partir da relação entre esses conceitos entende-se sua posição perante problemas de ordem metafísica e sobretudo física. Do ponto de vista metafísico, vem à tona o tradicional problema da conciliação entre o uno e o múltiplo. Do ponto de visto físico, o problema é aliar a explicação mecanicista dos fenômenos a um universo constituído de substâncias simples imateriais. Para entender como os conceitos de espaço e matéria dependem do conceito de substância foi tomada uma linha de análise específica. Primeiro, era preciso esclarecer os princípios constituintes da cosmologia de Leibniz; em seguida, sua concepção dinâmica de matéria, a refutação do vazio, o continuum e o infinito. A partir daí, a substância define-se sob perspectivas diversas que respondem a problemas diferentes, mas cujas soluções não são incompatíveis. Leibniz busca na dinâmica a determinação física da substância: de sujeito lógico passa a ser concebida como força. Através do dinamismo, a matéria pode ser concebida como um aspecto da substância que admite infinita divisibilidade, sem que isso invalide a indestrutibilidade e unidade das substâncias; em função dessa matéria, há o espaço pleno e relacional.
Latour-Derrien, Annick. "Logique du probable et épistémologie dans les "Essais de théodicée" de Leibniz." Thèse, Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040276.
Full textI have studied the Essais de théodicée by G. W. Leibniz, in order to describe the method theorized and used in the theological epistemology. The preliminary Discours establishes that demonstrative logic is sufficient to defend mysteries, so that the theological use of reason is secured. This position puts Leibniz in the dialectic role of the respondens. Yet, in practice, the method used in the Théodicée is not only refutative, or negative - nor is it strictly demonstrative: the text is not only founded on the optimistic demonstration, which proves the world's optimality, but also elaborates partial positive proofs, a supererogatio that I have connected with the theory of probable logic. The epistemology of faith and mysteries, which appear as non probable, points up the foundation of belief - the motives of credibility, which are probable and rational, though not strictly demonstrative, and which partly underlie the presumption of the truth of religion. Leibniz tends to give a rational translation for the Christian concepts: for miracles and grace, but also for the question of evil, the most discussed mystery in the Théodicée. After a review of the type of text as exoteric essays and a historical survey on probability, I examined the attempts of a probable method applicable to theology in Leibniz. Follows a methodological characterization of the concepts of mystery and faith. Finally, in the Théodicée, I found some probable arguments in support of divine justice, in addition to and converging with the optimistic demonstration - for instance, the position on damnation and the myth of Sextus
Crépon, Marc. "Le problème de la diversité humaine : enquête sur la caractérisation des peuples et la constitution des géographies de l'esprit de Leibniz a Hegel." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100112.
Full textThis inquiry focuses on the constitution of the characteristics of peoples as a component of the philosophical discourse, mainly in Germany and in France, from Leibniz to Hegel. First we take notice of their ordinary violence and search for its justification. Thus we try to establish a typology of the ideas or representations of human diversity, as patterns of rational justification for the characterization. There are 5 patterns. The first concerns the production of a model of mankind: the enlightenment. The second is a vindication and a pluralistic promotion of singular identities (mainly herder). The third elaborates a Cosmo political point of view on diversity (Kant). The fourth implies the choice of one national charge of a universal mission that is to enlighten or to save all others. The last is the design of a systematic exposition of the whole diversity, so-called exhaustive and objective. Following this topology, we conclude that if philosophy ventures and at times gets lost in the mazes of such characterization, it is only in order to reconcile the experience of diversity (of languages, manners and religions) and the confirmation of the universality of its appeal and address
Rauzy, Jean-Baptiste. "La théorie leibnizienne de la vérité : origines scolastiques et prolongements métaphysiques." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010522.
Full textIn order to explain Leibniz's theory of truth, the author chose to work according to a genealogical method. For each argument, even the most popular, the author tried to find the important moments of its creation, dating back to the texts of leibniz's youth. The genealogical method was also employed in an external way : the leibnizian fragments are confronted to older texts, the meaning of fundamental concepts is explained through the heritage of medieval and post-medieval scolastics. Throughout this approach, this work is the first ever devoted to leibniz logics in its integrality. It continuates what massimo mugnai already discovered about the logics of relations. The main arguments may be summarized this way : 1) Leibniz argues in favour of conceptualism. 2) This position implies a particular kind of ontologic engagement, in which consists mainly the suarezian heritage of leibnizian metaphysics. 3) One of the consequences of the conceptualism is the development of a intensional logics. This logics is not incompatible with the concept of class. 4) The intensional logics requires that an ontologic status be deserved to universals. 6) It has obliged leibniz to broaden the meaning of the fundamental logic relation, so that the inherence has become more and more a simple connexion. 7) The chapter 3 constitutes an attempt of evaluation of leibniz's ontology, which uses the tradition of the ontological square. It is demonstrated that leibniz meant to keep the two dimensions of ontology, while criticizing dramatically the notion of accident and profoundly modifying the fundamental relations of inherence and predication
Ragni, Alice. "L’oggetto in generale. L’orgoglio dell’ontologia da Clauberg a Leibniz." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040105.
Full textIn early modern philosophy the neologism ontologia (1606) comes to indicate the general science, other than theology, whose object is the ens quatenus ens est, along with its transcendental properties. The present work analyses the “Post-Claubergian” period of the ontology tradition, which originated in the Sculmetaphysik context. These were the years that followed the circulation and reception of Johannes Clauberg’s Ontosophia (1647) and what would become its third and last edition, Metaphysica de ente (1664), which included the new elements of Clauberg’s Cartesianism. This period of the Schulmetaphysik is connected mainly to the question of the organization of metaphysics, based on the “dissociation”, and no longer “partition”, between the general science of being (ontologia or ontosophia) and the science of immaterial substances (pneumatica or pneumatologia). The “canonization” of ontology is attested by philosophical lexicons, but also by the criticism directed to the “ontologization” of metaphysics, up to Leibniz’s refusal of ontology. Treatises of ontology tend to limit their object on the basis of its fundamentum in re (“real ontology”) or to extend it to the pure intelligibile (“noetic ontology”). Finally, this study considers the question of the identity of ontology with prima philosophia and the nature of this latter as a post-physical science. In this sense, Jean-Baptiste Du Hamel and Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhaus, both stranger to the Protestant and Riformed scolastic context, provide an original attempt to establish ontology not only “horizontally” (formally), but also “vertically” (subjectively)
Rabouin, David. "Mathesis Universalis : l'idée de "mathématique universelle" à l'âge classique." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040176.
Full textThis thesis proposes to analyze the philosophical meaning of mathesis universalis as developed in the Classical Age. The method followed is genealogical. Hence, before trying to find a new mode of rationality in the uses of mathesis universalis proposed by Descartes and Leibniz, we will first attempt to understand how this concept came to them, why it was of interest to them and what distinguishes their use of it. To the first question we will respond by marking the role played by the rediscovery of Proclus in the XVIth century and the singular manner in which this line crosses that of the New Algebra. To the second we will respond, with Leibniz, that mathesis universalis is a "logic of the imagination". Mathematical imagination "allows us to see" ratios, says Descartes. Mathematics are thus considered as being "transparent". The Classics' use of mathesis universalis can be distinguished, then, by its desire to bring this transparency from a metaphorical realm to a mathematical one
Steinbrecher, Tal. "L' historicisation de la théodicée." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010695.
Full textCosta, Andrea. "Stylistique leibnizienne : la fonction des récits et des tropes dans les œuvres de Théodicée." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040166.
Full textThis thesis offers a systematic exploration of the recurring stylemes in Leibniz’ works wich are dedicated to the theodicy topics.The analysis answers to a triple requirement: to catalogue the most frequent stylemes; to track the fonts and patterns out of them and to identify their logical function and architectonic role within the text structures.The study is set up in three main chapters, which correspond to the three different phases in the evolution of Leibniz’s thought, likewise to the three orders of stylistics phenomena which the text analytics usually confronts with: semantic and notion fields and macro-level and micro-level figures. In parallel, the research conducts a critical confront with the literature dedicated to Leibniz tropology,The central idea of this study – which distances itself methodologically from the discipline called Literature&Science as much as from the theoretical presuppositions endorsed by G.G. Granger in his Essai d’une philosophie du style (1968) – is to borrow the analytic techniques used in the literary stylistics field in order to disclose the structures which are subjacent to Leibniz texts’ architecture. The research based on such assumption contributed to clarify some core issues of Leibniz philosophy among the most frequently debated by critics: the supposed adhesion of young Leibniz to voluntarism, the interpretation of two the labyrinths and certain theoretical persistent oscillations in the theodicy writings of maturity period
Coulombeau, Charlotte. "Le philosophique chez G. E. Lessing (1729-1781) : individu et vérité." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF20018.
Full textWhat is the philosophical status of Lessing and his work ? Beyond the theological questions, the notions of truth, of history, of the individual, prove to be its criss-crossing foundations, as well as indicative of the vision Lessing himself had of philosophy. A philosophy that was above all practical, or metaphysical ? In this work these two are opposite, like two paradigms. The first, positive, takes the shape of an "ethics of truth" which his entire work introduces ; the second, negative, turns the development of a metaphysics of history into the idea that all metaphysics are fundamentally indecidable. The individual, left to himself to reach for truth, then resorts to the wiles of style, and Lessingian philosophy also grows into a philosophy of communication
Jesus, Paulo Renato Cardoso de. "Poétique de l'ipse : temps, affection et synthèse dans l'unité du Je théorique kantien." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0096.
Full textThe Kantian "theoretical I" constitutes a unifying semantic unity wich produces itself epigenetically. Thus, this spontaneous - poetic - cognitive function appears to be both irreducible to a mere "logical form" and non-identifiable with a "substantial entity". The "I think", transcendental apperception, is a morphogenetic power-force wich unfolds as a continuous - virtually infinite - process of synthesis whose aim is the production of an organic system of knowledge. Its logical modality is necessity and its manner of acting is metaphenomenological ; "to must be capable of accompanying all my representations" means "to institute the act-form of all representation as such", namely their belonging to one and the same self. By questioning Kant with Hume, Leibniz and Fichte, this research attempts to elucidate the inevitable instability of the critical transition to a postmetaphysical Cogito
Picon, Marina. "Normes et objets du savoir dans les premiers essais leibniziens." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1058.
Full textDoes Leibniz’s doctrine of demonstrative knowledge rest upon a theory of cognition? Having shown in previous articles that such was not the case in his mature works, we now turn to his early writings. The Nova Methodus discendae docendaeque Jurisprudentiae (1667) contains a reasoned inventory of the disciplines that should constitute the new encyclopaedia. As in later projects, Leibniz precedes this inventory with a classification of the types of knowledge based on the logical criteria according to which propositions are divided in histories, observations and theorems. Particular attention is given to the definition of the latter as propositions « demonstrable ex terminis ».This norm of scientific necessity once defined, what real (in re) foundation does Leibniz give to demonstrative knowledge? Following the various threads offered by his polemic against the Italian humanist Marius Nizolius, we study Leibniz’s attempt to ground the validity of propositions of eternal truth on universals subsisting independently of the existence of individuals. But one has to wait until the first Paris writings (1672-1673) to see the emergence of his mature answer to that problem: first conceived after the model of the significatio which a definition « expresses », the notion of idea reaches its latter ontological status as an archetype subsisting in God’s mind. The principal features of Leibniz’s theory of demonstrative knowledge are thus in place, prior to and independently of what he will later call his « doctrine of the understanding »