Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Leisure time culture'

Physical activity has a well understood set of benefits. UK leisure time physical activity (LTPA) is socially patterned, with lower socio-economic groups participating less. There is evidence from the literature that in addition to structural causes, there may be a ‘working class’ worldview of LTPA, which strongly influences their lack of participation. Thus, a theoretical approach for social marketers is advocated based on class culture. This approach, which centres on Bourdieu’s habitus, views problem behaviours in terms of class-based dispositions rather than individualistic intention, attitude and decision making. This research used an ethnographic mixed-method approach to explore the habitus of five case study families on a deprived estate. Findings suggested that their perception of LTPA was negative, or else they dismissed it as a leisure option. They preferred sedentary behaviours which matched their observed goals; of ‘family survival’, ‘image management’, ‘instant pleasure’ and ‘withdrawal through fantasy’. These rich insights, into the lives of particularly hard-to-reach families, are the first contribution of this PhD to the social marketing field. However, the theoretical approach taken also enabled a retroductive analysis (based on critical realist thinking) to explore hitherto invisible mechanisms which may be part of the observed habitus, and may have affected the observed dispositions towards LTPA. These were ‘lack of perspective’, ‘lack of control’ and ‘lack of participation’. Also, the theoretical conceptualisation of LTPA as a ‘culturally signifying practice’, embedded in the class cultural habitus, has enabled the researcher to explore three potential social marketing responses to the findings. These are the traditional approach based on exchange; the community-development approach of ‘habitus change’; and finally, environmental approaches, grounded in ecological theory and behavioural economics. The ethical and ideological contentions of these approaches for social marketers are discussed, and it is recommended that social marketers expand their strategic options to address powerful habitus effects.

The physicality of sports and outdoor life offers great opportunities for intensive experiences – participants ”feel” the happening in their bodies. As well as looking upon physical activity mainly as something instrumental, as for example in competitive sports and exercise culture, other aspects can also be central, for instance the pure joy of movement. The existential or expressive side of physical activity is examined in this doctoral thesis. In order to study such experiential quality more thoroughly, the author’s attention turns to adventure sports participants, as they appear to have a capacity for becoming highly involved and seeking very intense experiences. Who is involved in adventure sports? Why are they engaged in a sport that demands such great hardships and risk-taking? What do they get out of it? The overall objective of the thesis is to shed light on adventure sports as a practice and to discuss the educational significance of flow and other experiential qualities in adventure sports and in schools. The analyses are based on three empirical sub-studies. The first began with a questionnaire that 161 adventure sports participants responded to. This was followed by an interview study of eleven men and three women, all of whom had extensive experience in adventure sports. The categories of sport were evenly divided between climbing, off-piste skiing and hang gliding. In the second sub-study a detailed investigation of climbing was carried out. A notable sportification has brought about a very clear and interesting change in parts of this activity. Six traditional/adventure climbers and six sport climbers were interviewed, of which half were men and half women. All the climbers were experienced and very much involved in their sport. The aim of the third sub-study was to seek an answer as to whether pupils have experiences in their daily school life that are similar to those of adventure sports participants. An ESM (Experience Sampling Method) investigation was carried out with 60 pupils in compulsory school year nine (corresponding to UK schools’ year eleven) from four different schools. The pupils’ parents answered a special parent questionnaire including questions about academic and professional backgrounds, living conditions, habits, interests, attitudes and leisure time activities. The results were analysed taking into consideration the phenomenological perspective and structuralistic or more correctly expressed the cultural sociological perspective. Mihály Csikszentmihályi’s theoretical argument on optimal experiences, which in turn is based on the flow concept, constitutes the phenomenological foundation. Pierre Bourdieu’s concept apparatus and theories were used to closely examine the participants’ backgrounds, life histories and current living situations. The study shows that a preference for adventure sports is clearly linked to the participants’ backgrounds and earlier life experiences. A behavioural pattern is incorporated and developed into an embodied capacity to master a practice, a result of a long learning process. Participants were clearly concordant in these respects. Participants emphasise the abundant opportunities for intensive experiences that arise from adventure sports. It is a matter of something multidimentional: the active body, outdoor life in natural surroundings, exacting and clear goals, total focus, and about exercising control. This approach presents a model for identification of content qualities, which together create the dynamics that form the meaningful rewards that result from participation in adventure sports. The dimensions include flow experiences, but also go beyond them. The deep sense of presence, the physical involvement, the fact that they can choose the path and increase the degree of difficulty themselves – and simultaneously counter this new challenge with increased capacity so that they are engaged at the ”right level” – also provide favourable conditions for a stimulating and successful learning experience. The observation was made that it was primarily in the practical and aesthetic subjects that school pupils had the same deep feeling of presence together with a meaningful and pleasurable holistic experience as the adventure sports participants had. Here they were actively involved with their hands or with their whole bodies, and they could make their own choices and be in control of the activity, which for most pupils led to a strong feeling of satisfaction.

This thesis is based on two years of participant observation in a municipal youth club in a Swedish city suburb. In focus is a group of 14-19 year old boys and their relations to peers and to the staff of the club. Rock music playing, the activity they engage in, is studied as a part of the youth club practice, and seen as a communicative process in which relations are lived out. Two approaches are identified; "to go for it" and "to have fun" both of which become important in the boys´ musical awareness, as well as their attitude to life. The youth club is seen as a place where a particular kind of democratic dilemma is grappled with. The club has the pedagogical aim of creating meaningful leisure time on the visitors tenns, but also of disciplining them and functioning as an instrument of guidance into adult life values. Questions of power-relations and institutionalization are discussed through notions of the dialectic of control (Giddens); of authority (Sennett), and of Goffman's analysis of life within public institutions. In this setting, the complexity of power and of growing up in modem society are studied. Both groups; the staff and the visitors, are seen as jointly shaping and recreating a communicative practice through interaction, with music playing as the medium through which relations are transformedand hierarchies seemingly overturned at the same time as social control is cemented and protest limited.

Pesquisa sociocultural qualiquantitativa descritiva sobre o lazer, educação informal e traços culturais de brasileiros que permaneceram temporariamente no Japão, em busca de melhores condições de vida. Inicia-se elaborando uma discussão conceitual e teórica do lazer e de suas funções, tempo livre, tempo liberado e desemprego, educação não formal e informal, e faz um recorte de traços culturais. Apresenta aspectos do desemprego no Brasil e na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, com breve relato circunstancial do movimento migratório de brasileiros para o Japão. Caracteriza o público alvo da amostra, com base na aplicação do questionário, e aborda a história de vida de brasileiros, mediante entrevistas gravadas, em fitas cassetes, com questões abertas padronizadas e estudo bibliográfico. Analisa as informações colhidas, apontando contribuições e impactos socioculturais de brasileiros na vida de japoneses. Esses resultados compõem o fio condutor nutrido com fatos semelhantes vivenciados pelos imigrantes japoneses no Brasil, anteriormente explanados na dissertação de mestrado, elaborando um diálogo sincrônico. Conclui-se que há evidências do imbricamento do lazer e educação informal na formação dos traços culturais dos migrantes brasileiros no Japão, assim como ocorreu com imigrantes japoneses no Brasil.
This research encompasses qualitative and quantitative social-cultural aspects as to leisure, informal education and cultural features of Brazilians who lived temporarily in Japan in search for better living conditions. Firstly, a conceptual and theoretical discussion deals with issues such as leisure and its roles, free time, liberated time and unemployment, non-formal and informal education, and it outlines those Brazilians cultural features. Additionally, it addresses unemployment in Brazil and in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo in the 80s and 90s, with a short circumstantial report on Brazilians migration to Japan. The target public which comprises the sample is assessed with basis on questionnaires, and their history is approached through interviews consisting of standardized open questions recorded in cassettes, and through a bibliographical study. An analysis of the information gathered is provided, showing the Brazilian contribution to the Japanese life and what its social and cultural impacts on the local people were. Such findings make up this study guideline, furnished with similar situations faced by Japanese immigrants in Brazil formerly reported in a master s thesis*, resulting in a synchronic dialog. It is apparent that both leisure and informal education have wielded considerable influence upon the cultural features of Brazilian migrants in Japan, likewise it happened to Japanese immigrants in Brazil.

 

Inledning: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vilket förhållningssätt och vilka uppfattningar fritidspedagoger har kring barn och matvanor ur ett mångkulturellt perspektiv. Metod: Intervjuer genomfördes på tre olika fritidsverksamheter med fyra fritidspedagoger som har erfarenhet av arbete med invandrarbarn. Vid intervjutillfällena användes en mall med förskrivna frågor. Den valda ansatsen är fenomenografisk inspirerad studie för att kunna skildra uppfattningar om fenomen. Vid bearbetningen av resultatet skildrades fyra beskrivningskategorier som utvunnits utifrån informanternas utsagor. Beskrivningskategoriernas utfallsrum analyserades sedan utifrån begreppen identitetsskapande samt lärande. Resterande resultat bearbetades sedan i vår diskussion. Resultat: Den övergripande kategorin som framkom ur resultatet var kulturella aspekter på kostvanor. De tre underkategorierna till den är förhållningssätt och (kulturella) värden, (kulturellt) identitetsskapande samt (kulturell) kommunikation och lärande. Det övergripande resultat som tydliggjordes var att informanternas uppfattningar liknade varandra. De uppfattningar som framkom var att kostvanor bland barn kan skilja sig på grund av kulturell bakgrund, att det är viktigt att lära barnen värdegrund och att man ska visa respekt och acceptans gentemot varandra. Uppfattningarna visar också att barn i en mångkulturell klass får en bred utveckling, de lär sig språk och sociala regler. Skillnader i språket uppfattas av informanterna som problematiska, därför används det ofta andra metoder för att kommunicera.

Vår tanke med att skriva en essä är att reflektera över oss själva i vår roll som fritidslärare. Vi har varsin egenupplevd berättelse där vi båda forskar i bägges berättelser parallellt i essän. Syftet är att undersöka hur sättet vi pratar om elever påverkar sättet vi pratar med elever och om detta då även påverkar hur vi pratar om och med kollegor. Vi har en föreställning om att en negativ samtalskultur om elever skapar en negativ bild av elever, vilket i sin tur skapar negativa elever som leder till en negativ verksamhet. Undersökningens temaområden är språk, ansvar och reflektionen som verktyg. Vi lyfter upp hur språket skapar och formar bilder, uppfattningar och innebörder som påverkar hur vi ser på det vi benämnt. Vi tar upp metaforens betydelse, fördomens positiva sida och hur kulturen kring positivt och negativt kan påverka våra handlingar. Ansvaret vi fritidslärare ständigt har, ser vi som en viktig del i den värld vi är med och skapar. Många av våra val kräver vårt ansvarstagande. Vi kan inte skylla på någon annan. Vi alla har ansvaret. Hur vi gör påverkar, oavsett hur vi gör. Hela essän tar upp och problematiserar våra tankar genom reflektionen som verktyg. Reflektion anser vi ger oss bredare syn, insikter och förståelse av hur vi tillsammans kommer vidare i vår utveckling som fritidslärare.
Our intention with this essay is to reflect on our role as leisure-time pedagogues. Our research has its starting points in two separate but similar stories from our workplaces. The purpose of this research is to investigate how the manner in which we talk about pupils effects the manner in which we talk with pupils. We believe a negative culture of talking about pupils creates a negative picture of pupils. This creates negatively minded pupils which leads to a negative work environment. The theme of this essay contains concepts such as speech, responsibility and reflection as a tool. We show how speech manufactures images, views and meanings of things which effects how we perceive them. We write about the use and abuse of metaphor, the negative side but also the neglected positive side of prejudice as well as the negative aspects of a positive conversation-culture and the positive aspects of a negative conversation-culture. We see the constant responsibility we as leisure-time pedagogues have as a crucial part in the world we are a part of and at the same time create. We can not blame anyone else for our actions. We are all accountable. What we do effects, always. The essay has an undertone of the urge and need for reflection. We feel reflection gives a wider view and greater understanding of how we can progress in our development as leisure-time pedagogues.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T12:57:29Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T12:57:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Neste trabalho buscou-se conhecer as perspectivas de sustentabilidade socioambiental no contexto do desenvolvimento do turismo na cidade de Mateiros/Tocantins. Para tanto, foi avaliada a aplicabilidade em destino de pequeno porte dos indicadores de sustentabilidade: Índice de Qualidade de Vida (IQV), Indicadores de Sustentabilidade da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e Pegada Ecológica do Turismo. Percebeu-se que houve um incremento no IQV da cidade de Mateiros de 32,82% após o estabelecimento do turismo, com destaque para as famílias que atuam na produção das peças de artesanato de capim dourado. A mudança, de 0,162 para 0,215, indica que apesar de ter havido uma elevação na qualidade de vida das famílias entrevistadas, o IQV permaneceu baixo, isto é, com valores entre zero e 0,499. Tal fato demonstra que a qualidade de vida das famílias não é satisfatória. Quanto à ferramenta da ONU, percebeu-se que não há sistematização de dados suficientes para que esta ferramenta possa ser utilizada pelos órgãos governamentais na captação de recursos e utilização destes para criar novas políticas públicas para a região. Tal fato demonstra uma ineficácia em destinos de pequeno porte que se assemelhem à cidade de Mateiros na forma em que foi utilizado nesse trabalho. Quanto à Pegada Ecológica do Turismo, de acordo com a metodologia proposta, são necessários 2.194,2263 hectares de terras para absorver o CO2 demandado pela atividade turística na região. A categoria com maior impacto foi terras de energia fóssil na subcategoria transporte terrestre. Conclui-se, então, que os indicadores de sustentabilidade Pegada Ecológica do Turismo e Índice de Qualidade de Vida mostraram-se ferramentas eficazes para se avaliar as perspectivas de sustentabilidade de destinos de pequeno porte.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Syftet är att bidra med kunskap om rektors styrning och ledning när hen organiserar samarbetet mellan fritidshemmet och grundskolan. Frågor som ställs fokuserar hur frirum nyttjas och hur korstryck hanteras.  Tidigare studier visar att rektors styrning och ledning, liksom undervisningens kvalitet, behöver utvecklas. Samarbete mellan fritidshemmets och grundskolans personal sker i låg grad och kopplingen mellan lärtillfällen är svag. Denna kvalitativa studie använde Frirumsteorin som teoretisk utgångspunkt och analysverktyg. Teorin utgår från konflikten mellan formella och informella styrnings- och ledningsmekanismer. Empiriskt material inhämtades via observationer och frågeformulär. Analysen gjordes utifrån kriterierna för kontinuumet uniprofessionell – multiprofessionell inom den professionella sfären samt kontinuumet differentierad – integrerad inom den byråkratiska/administrativa sfären. Resultatet visar att frirummet begränsades av yttre händelser och ett beroende av externt stöd. Ett ökat korstryck uppstod. Kulturen i skolornas ledningsgrupper beskrivs som integrerad och mestadels multiprofessionell. Avseende Coronapandemins påverkan syns inslag av uniprofessionalism. En slutsats är att en helhetssyn är mer framgångsrik för att rektorer ska lyckas organisera för samarbete och kompletterande undervisning. Vid förändringar, torde en integrerad skolkultur präglad av multiprofessionalism vara mest gynnsam. Studien uppmärksammar styrnings- och ledningsperspektivet; rektors roll för måluppfyllelsen i fritidshemmet, samt prövar en kartläggningsmetod med tillhörande begreppsapparat, vilka är teoretiskt och vetenskapligt förankrade i Frirumsteorin.
The purpose of this thesis is to add knowledge about the headteacher´s governance and management when organizing the collaboration between Leisure-time Centre and compulsory school. Questions asked focused on how Scope for Action and conflicting pressure is met by headteachers. Previous studies show that the headteacher's governance and management, as well as the quality of teaching, need improvement. Collaboration between staff in Leisure-time Centre and the school takes place to a low degree and the connection between learning opportunities is weak. This qualitative study used the Scope for Action Theory as a theoretical starting point and analysis tool. The theory is based on the conflict between formal and informal mechanisms of governance and management. Data was gathered from observations and questionnaires. Analysis was made on basis of the criteria for the continuum uniprofessional - multiprofessional within the Professional Sphere and the continuum differentiated - integrated within the Bureaucratic/administrative sphere. The result shows that Scope for Action was limited by external events and an increase of dependence on external support. Conflicting pressure increased. The culture in the management groups is described as integrated and mostly multiprofessional. Regarding the influence of the Corona pandemic, elements of uniprofessionalism are shown. One conclusion is that a holistic approach is more successful for headteachers to succeed in organizing for collaboration and complementary teaching. In the face of change, an integrated culture characterized by multi-professionalism is likely to be most favorable. The study draws attention to the governance and management perspective; the headteacher's role for attainment of goals in Leisure-time Center as well as testing a mapping method with a conceptual framework, which is theoretically and scientifically anchored in the Scope for Action Theory.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-11-11T13:30:20Z No. of bitstreams: 0
Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T13:30:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Desde que foi reconhecida a importância de se planejar um turismo sustentável, tem-se buscado ferramentas adequadas para monitorá-lo nas destinações turísticas, tornando esse um dos principais desafios da academia científica de estudos do turismo na atualidade. Diante desse contexto, o desafio apresenta-se ainda maior, quando tratamos de turismo em unidades de conservação, tendo em vista que envolve um ambiente altamente sensível e comunidades em seu entorno que podem ter, no desenvolvimento dessa atividade, sua principal renda econômica. Assim, o que se propõe neste estudo é analisar a aplicabilidade e a eficiência metodológica do monitoramento que visa ao auxílio na construção da sustentabilidade do turismo, em unidades de conservação, através de um estudo de caso no Parque Estadual do Jalapão, localizado no Estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Prioriza-se a investigação de indicadores locais abordados a partir da definição estipulada pela Organização Mundial do Turismo. Os resultados alcançados demonstraram que os indicadores estudados são instrumentos a serem considerados no processo de avaliação e quantificação do turismo em um destino com semelhantes configurações ambientais, o que viabiliza a compreensão e o fortalecimento da noção de sustentabilidade. Este estudo caracteriza-se pela sua vertente interdisciplinar e teve como norteador o método dedutivo.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur skolor och fritidshem samarbetar med Malmös kulturliv, genom att kartlägga vilket kulturutbud som finns i Malmö. Vi sätter barnperspektivet i centrum för att ta reda på om kulturaktiviteter gynnar barns utveckling.Vi hoppas kunna bidra till ökad kunskap om hur skolan och fritidshemmet och även Malmö stads kulturverksamheter jobbar med Skolverkets rekommendationer och de riktlinjer som finns i Skollagen för barns lärande, utveckling och välbefinnande på fritidshem. Vi utgår ifrån tre frågeställningar: Hur ser kulturutbudet ut i Malmö? Hur sker samverkan mellan fritidshem och kulturinstitutioner? Vad anser barn, skolpersonal och kulturarbetare att barn får ut av kulturaktiviteter? Undersökningen består mestadels av intervjuer. Intervjumaterialet består av information från elva informanter varav fyra fritidspedagoger, två rektorer, en kulturutvecklare på grundskoleförvaltningen, en kultursekreterare på kulturförvaltningen och tre kulturarbetare på olika kulturinstitutioner i Malmö. Utöver denna information har vi även träffat en barngrupp på ett fritidshem med sju barn i åldern nio till tolv år. Resultaten av våra undersökningar har bland annat visat att Malmö stad har ett brett kulturutbud. Det finns ett utvecklat samarbete mellan skolor och kulturinstitutioner, däremot finns det inget direkt samarbete med fritidshem. Det har framkommit att detta kan bero på tidsbrist och personella resurser samt stora barngrupper på fritidshemmen. Undersökningen visar hur kulturutövande kan fungera som ett lärande ur ett annat perspektiv, som ett språk, ett uttryckssätt och som en kompensation för det barn inte får hemifrån.

Orientador: Roberta Cunha Matheus Rodrigues
Contém um artigo em inglês
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T10:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Spana_ThaisMoreira_D.pdf: 1820873 bytes, checksum: 4779445e49518290e5e7709beb06a228 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo disponibilizar uma versão do Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ) para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e testar suas propriedades de medida quando aplicado em pacientes com doença arterial coronária e hipertensão arterial e em indivíduos saudáveis. Foi realizado o processo de adaptação cultural e para assegurar sua qualidade, foram seguidas as etapas recomendadas internacionalmente - tradução, síntese, retro-tradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste; seguidos pela avaliação da praticabilidade, aceitabilidade, confiabilidade e validade. Foram aplicados instrumentos para caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, previamente submetidos à validação de conteúdo. A amostra foi composta por 236 sujeitos, sendo 100 hipertensos, 100 indivíduos saudáveis e 36 coronariopatas. A praticabilidade do GSLTPAQ foi avaliada pelo tempo despendido na entrevista e a aceitabilidade pelo percentual de itens não respondidos e pela proporção de pacientes que responderam a todos os itens. Foi estimada a confiabilidade quanto à estabilidade da medida (teste-reteste com uso do coeficiente de correlação intraclasse - ICC). A validade convergente foi testada por meio das relações entre o escore do GSLTPAQ e os escores da versão brasileira do Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual de Baecke (Baecke-AFH - domínios Exercício Físico no Lazer - EFL e Atividades de Lazer e Locomoção - ALL) e do Questionário para identificação dos fatores psicossociais determinantes do comportamento de atividade física em coronariopatas (Q-CAF). A validade divergente foi testada por meio da ausência de relação entre o escore do GSLTPAQ e o escore do domínio Atividades Físicas Ocupacionais (AFO) do Baecke-AFH. A validade de critério concorrente foi testada por meio da relação entre o escore do GSLTPAQ e escore da versão brasileira do Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ), bem como com o consumo de máximo de oxigênio direto (VO2pico) e predito (VO2pred). Foram calculados coeficientes de correlação parcial com intervalo de confiança de 95% (ajustado para sexo, idade, escolaridade, IMC e presença ou não de afecção cardiovascular) para testar os três tipos de validade. Quanto à praticabilidade, foi observado curto tempo de aplicação do instrumento (3,0 minutos). Quanto à aceitabilidade, os participantes responderam à totalidade dos itens. A análise do teste-reteste sugere confiabilidade quanto à estabilidade temporal do instrumento (ICC=0,84). Os resultados apoiam as hipóteses previamente estabelecidas. A validade convergente foi apoiada pela existência de correlações significativas entre o escore do GSLTPAQ e os escores EFL (r=0,62; p<0,001) e ALL (r=0,16; p<0,05) do Baecke-AFH e o escore do QCAF (r=0,62; p<0,001). A validade divergente foi confirmada pela ausência de correlações significativas entre o escore do escore do GSLTPAQ e o escore do domínio AFO do Baecke-AFH (r=0,02; p=0,73). A validade concorrente foi apoiada pela existência de correlações significativas entre o escore do GSLTPAQ e as medidas de aptidão cardiorrespiratória - VO2pred (r=0,15; p<0,05) e VSAQ (r=0,23; p<0,01). As análises sugerem que o GSLTPAQ apresenta propriedades de medida aceitáveis. Este estudo disponibiliza para a comunidade científica um instrumento com evidências de confiabilidade e validade para avaliação da atividade física de lazer na população brasileira, que poderá ser utilizado como ferramenta de avaliação da efetividade de estudos de intervenção para promover ou incrementar níveis de atividade física, bem como para avaliar resultados de programas de reabilitação cardiovascular
Abstract: This study was aimed at providing a version of the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSLTPAQ) for the Portuguese language of Brazil and to test its measurement properties when applied to patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension and healthy subjects. The cultural adaptation process was carried out and in order to ensure its quality internationally recommended steps were followed - translation, back-translation, evaluation by an experts committee, synthesis and pre-test, followed by assessment of the practicability, acceptability, reliability and validity. Instruments previously submitted to content validity were applied to obtain sociodemographic and clinical data. The sample comprised 236 subjects - 100 hypertensive outpatients, 100 healthy individuals and 36 coronary heart disease outpatients. The practicability of GSLTPAQ was assessed by the time spent in the interview and acceptability was evaluated by the percentage of unanswered items and the proportion of participants who responded to all items. Reliability regarding the stability of the measure was estimated (test-retest using the intraclass correlation coefficient - ICC). The convergent validity was tested by the relations between the GSLTPAQ score and the scores of the Brazilian version of the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (Baecke-HPA - domains Physical Exercise in Leisure - PEL and Leisure and Locomotion Activities - ALL) and the score derived from the Questionnaire to identify the psychosocial determinants of physical activity behavior in coronary patients (QCAF). The divergent validity was tested by the absence of relation between the GSLTPAQ score and the score of the domain Occupational Physical Activity (OPA) of the Baecke-HPA. The concurrent criterion validity was tested by the relation between the GSLTPAQ score and the score of the Brazilian version of the Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ), as for the maximum oxygen uptake, both direct (VO2peak) and predicted (VO2pred). Partial correlation coefficients with confidence intervals of 95% (adjusted for sex, age, education, BMI, and presence or absence of cardiovascular disease) were calculated in order to test the three types of validity. Regarding the practicability assessment, short time for application of the GSLTPAQ was observed (3.0 minutes). As for acceptability, participants responded to all the items. The analysis of test-retest suggests temporal stability of the instrument (ICC=0.84). The results support the previously established hypothesis. The convergent validity was supported by significant correlations between the GSLTPAQ score and the scores PEL (r=0.62, p<0.001) and ALL (r=0.16, p<0.05) of the Baecke-HPA, as well for the QCAF score (r=0.62, p<0.001). The divergent validity was confirmed by the absence of significant correlations between the GSLTPAQ score and the score of the OPA domain of the Baecke-HPA (r=0.02, p=0.73). The concurrent criterion validity was supported by significant correlations between the GSLTPAQ score and the measures of cardiorespiratory fitness - VO2pred (r=0.15, p<0.05) and VSAQ (r=0.23, p<0.01). Analyses suggest that the Brazilian GSLTPAQ has demonstrated acceptable measurement properties. This study provides to the scientific community an instrument with evidences of reliability and validity for assessment of leisure-time physical activity in the Brazilian population, which may be used as a tool for evaluating the effectiveness of intervention studies aimed at promoting or increasing physical activity levels, as well as evaluating outcomes of cardiac rehabilitation programs
Doutorado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Doutor em Enfermagem

Denna avhandling handlar om ledarskapet i skolan. Skolan är en sammansatt verksamhet och i ledarskapet handlar det om att hantera många olika uppgifter på olika nivåer. Samtidigt som skolledare och lärare skall leva upp till samhälleliga förväntningar på skolverksamheten skall de också hantera kulturella villkor inom skolan. I avhandlingen studeras hur ledarskapet formas i och av samspelet mellan skolledare och lärare i vardagsarbetet. En fråga fokuserar på hur skolledare och lärare ser på varandra och hur de influerar och förstår varandra i vardagsarbetet. En annan fråga uppmärksammar vilken betydelse skolsammanhanget har för samspelet. För att belysa samspelet används fallstudier som forskningsstrategi. I studien ingår tre F-6-skolor med förskole-, fritidshems- och grundskoleverksamhet. Det empiriska materialet består av intervjuer och observationer. Teoretiskt har studien en socialkonstruktionistisk utgångspunkt i betydelsen av att skolledarskap ses som ett socialt fenomen. Intresset riktas mot att belysa skolledares och lärares utsagor om hur de förstår varandra och varandras ord och handlingar i det vardagliga arbetet. Resultatet ger anledning att fråga vem som egentligen leder vem. Avhandlingen visar tydligt att ledarskap är något som skolledarna och lärarna oundvikligen formar tillsammans – därav titeln Samproducerat ledarskap. Studien visar hur sociala, kulturella och politiska dimensioner i samspelet influerar skolledarnas och lärarnas agerande och ledarskapet. Konsekvensen blir ett ifrågasättande av den allt populärare bilden av ledaren som med stark hand förväntas styra sin organisation. En förståelse för att skolledarskapet är samproducerat, och att sociala, kulturella och politiska dimensioner har avgörande betydelser för hur det utövas medför en mer realistisk syn på skolledarskapets förutsättningar.
This thesis is concerned with aspects of school leadership. School work is characterised by its complexity, and school leadership requires the ability to deal with many different tasks at different organisational levels. At the same time as school heads and teachers are expected to respond to social expectations, they must also be able to deal with and respond to existing cultural considerations and prerequisites. The present study focuses on the formation of leadership during and as a result of the interplay between school heads and teachers in everyday educational practice. One research question concerns how this is formulated in heads’ and teachers’ statements, and how they perceive, influence and understand each other in their daily work together. Another research question highlights the importance of school contexts in the interplay between school heads and teachers. The underlying research strategy applied in order to illustrate the interplay between school heads and teachers is based on three case studies of so-called ‘F–6 schools’, i.e. three comprehensive schools including years 1–6, as well as pre-school classes, and leisure-time activities. The empirical research material consists of interviews and observations. This study takes a social constructionist point of departure, in the sense that school leadership is regarded as a social phenomenon, and focuses on creating a further understanding of this based on statements by school heads and teachers on how they understand each other and each others’ verbal communications and actions. The results give reason to the question of who is in fact leading who. The thesis clearly shows that leadership is produced and formed by school heads and teachers together – hence the title Co-Produced Leadership. The study shows how social, cultural and political dimensions in the interplay between school heads and teachers influence their actions and the formation of school leadership. This leads to a questioning of the increasingly popular image of the independent leader who is expected to govern her/his organisation with a firm hand. An understanding that school leadership is a product of intimate collaboration, and that social, cultural and political dimensions are vital in the formation of leadership, leads to a more realistic view concerning the possibilities and prerequisites of school leadership.

This study analyses differences between student groups at Umeå University, Sweden, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. It analyses student study situations, students’ experience of the university environment, students’ exercise and sports activities, and connections between study and leisure-time activities. The study owes much to Bourdieu’s Homo Academicus (English edition 1988), and his theories of cultural reproduction, social structures and habitus, and focuses on students from the subject areas teacher education, natural sciences, humanities and sports. Attention is also given to family backgrounds and female/male variance. The data were collected in 1994-1995, with the aid of 782 questionnaires and 64 interviews. The results show differences between students at the two universities in terms of study time, parents’ education and leisure activities and part-time jobs. Students in the studied groups, differ in many respects. The groups have distinct characteristics in terms of, for example, age and sex ratios. The students’ family backgrounds are also divergent, depending on which discipline the student belongs to. These variations between disciplines are found at both universities. Physical activities (action sports) are popular activities, at both universities. Women and men exercise in different ways, although they might have a similar social situation. The scientific methodology of Bourdieu is also discussed in the study. In sum, the results indicate that there are sub-fields within the university. Individuals with different conditions and habitus, to use Bourdieu’s terminology, inhabit these sub-fields.

172 f.
Submitted by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes (silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-08-23T18:15:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disalda Mara T. Leite.pdf: 10975771 bytes, checksum: 2303b6e94541660ed5e553aa69a0e542 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-08-23T18:18:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Disalda Mara T. Leite.pdf: 10975771 bytes, checksum: 2303b6e94541660ed5e553aa69a0e542 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-23T18:18:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disalda Mara T. Leite.pdf: 10975771 bytes, checksum: 2303b6e94541660ed5e553aa69a0e542 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Esta tese “investiga o lazer dos jovens da Liberdade, em termos do uso do tempo, espaço/equipamentos, manifestações e conteúdos artístico-culturais no âmbito da educação formal, não formal e informal”; visando traduzir os sentidos e significados atribuídos pelos sujeitos ao lazer / “tempo livre”. Esse objetivo norteia-se na “pergunta – síntese”: como se configura o usufruto do lazer / “tempo livre” dos jovens da Liberdade, em termos de tempo, espaço/equipamentos, manifestações e conteúdos artístico-culturais” e que sentidos os jovens atribuem a essas manifestações? Sob o ponto de vista teórico-metodológico a pesquisa está fundamentada nos estudos do cotidiano de Lefebvre, em cujos pressupostos se situam também os estudos do espaço urbano e do lazer. A pesquisa de campo tomou como base alguns pressupostos da etnografia urbana, utilizando-se os seguintes instrumentos de coleta de dados: observação participante, entrevistas, questionários, analise documental e registro fotográfico. As conclusões da pesquisa trazem os seguintes destaques e “achados”: o lazer dos jovens se manifesta na perspectiva da educação formal (Colégio Estadual Duque de Caxias), espaço que constitui a referência para projetos, programas e eventos ligados a manifestações e conteúdos artístico-culturais da própria escola e dos grupos e movimentos sociais que se situam no bairro e no entorno. Os jovens, apesar da “pobreza do cotidiano” (carência de políticas efetivas de lazer, trabalho, educação, saúde, e outras), conseguem recriar e resignificar os limites das políticas educacionais e de lazer, também chamadas de “inclusão precária, marginal e perversa”. Os seus depoimentos ambíguos apresentam, ao mesmo tempo, conformismo em relação à escola, ao lazer / “tempo livre”, aos programas sociais, ao cotidiano, aos espaços e equipamentos para o lazer; mas também sinais de transgressão, rebeldia e resistência sociopolítica e cultural, visando à superação das desigualdades (socioculturais e econômicas). Por fim, a tese conclui sobre a necessidade da realização de novas pesquisas que possam, de forma articulada ao conceito de lazer (“lazerania”), aprofundar as diversas categorias empíricas não abordadas, tais como: gênero, raça/etnia; além das categorias empíricas ligadas à relação lazer e juventude: violência, drogas, religiosidade e outras.
Salvador

El marco político español de la década de 1960 hubo de adaptarse a los nuevos valores y actitudes sociales que cambiaban más allá del contexto jurídico. La Ley de Asociaciones de 1964 creó un espacio legal, con las restricciones propias del franquismo, para una extraordinaria proliferación de viejas y nuevas formas de asociación. Una voluntad asociativa que generó espacios de sociabilidad, contribuyendo al mismo tiempo a la reconstrucción de la sociedad civil, sirviendo de base legal para la gestión de unos nuevos movimientos sociales que participaron en el proceso político de transición a la democracia en España.El estudio de las asociaciones civiles a lo largo del periodo comprendido entre 1964-1986, permite observar además la evolución de la sociedad española entre el franquismo y la consolidación democrática, con toda la serie de cambios que se producen en un país que en poco tiempo alcanzará las pautas globales del mundo occidental.
The political Spanish framework of the decade of 1960 had to adapt to the new values and social attitudes that were changing faster than the juridical context. The law of associations of 1964 created a legal space, with the own restrictions of the Franco's regime, for an extraordinary proliferation of old and new forms of association. An associative will that generated spaces of sociability, contributing at the same time to the reconstruction of the civil society, using as legal base for the management of new social movements that took part in the political process of the Spanish transition to democracy. The study of the civil associations along the period among 1964-1986 shows in addition the evolution of the Spanish society between the Franco's regime and the democratic consolidation, with the whole series of changes that are produced in a country that in a little time will reach the global guidelines of the Western World.

Barn spenderar en stor del av sin tid i olika institutioner som skola och fritidshem. I den delen av vardagen som definieras som fritid gör barn olika val av aktiviteter. Begreppet motorik är i detta sammanhang en aspekt av aktiviteter som är intressant att undersöka. Människors rörelseförmåga och rörelsemönster är den generella definitionen på motorik som delas in i finmotorik och grovmotorik. Tidigare forskning visar att pojkar generellt har en mer utvecklad motorik än flickor och att dessa skillnader blir större ju äldre de blir. Syftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka barns val och deltagande i finmotoriska och grovmotoriska aktiviteter på fritidshemmet. Vi har även tittat på hur faktorer som miljö, verksamhet och pedagogers samspel med barnen och deras aktiviteter relaterar till varandra. Studiens resultat grundar sig i observationer på två olika fritidshem i Sverige. Resultatet har granskats med hjälp av våra teoretiska utgångspunkter, genus och sociokulturellt perspektiv. Det som har framkommit i denna studie är att i valet av aktiviteter som är grovmotoriska eller finmotoriska väljer pojkar generellt grovmotoriska aktiviteter och flickor finmotoriska. Sammanfattningsvis i denna studie framgick det att miljö, pedagogers handlingar, barns intressen, förväntningar, föreställningar, normer och olika grader av strukturer i verksamheten utgör faktorer som kan ha betydelse för barns aktivitetsval på fritidshemmet.

Dissertaçao de mestrado em Estudos da Criança, área de Educação Física e Lazer.
Este projecto de investigação tem como objectivos gerais identificar as práticas de lazer; procurar saber como é que as crianças, do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, preenchem os seus tempos livres: quais as actividades realizadas no tempo livre fora da escola e identificar os espaços de lazer para a infância existentes na cidade de Valpaços. Assim sendo, convictos do que se pretende estudar neste projecto de investigação, partimos do seguinte problema: as crianças do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico preenchem os seus tempos livres, fora da escola, de acordo com as suas preferências na actividade lúdica ou em função da oferta de espaços de lazer existentes na cidade de Valpaços? Para tentarmos averiguar como as crianças ocupam os seus tempos livres, foi utilizado um questionário administrado a todas as crianças do 2.º, 3.º e 4.º anos de escolaridade da escola do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico de Valpaços. O questionário inclui questões que permitem detectar a realização das práticas de tempos livres, fora da escola, inclusive quais as actividades de lazer que praticam: se fazem alguma actividade orientada; se costumam fazer jogos tradicionais; a que é que brincam mais; qual a actividade preferida; se os pais costumam brincar com as crianças; se já brincaram num parque infantil, entre outras. O questionário é constituído por dezasseis questões, sendo a maior parte delas fechadas, facilitando o apuramento dos resultados. A amostra deste estudo é constituída por 156 crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idades compreendidas entre os sete e os doze anos. O Software estatístico utilizado foi o SPSS. Constatámos que a actividade orientada mais frequentada pelas crianças é a catequese, seguida pelo futebol (rapazes) e o escutismo (raparigas), verificando-se que os pais têm um papel bastante influente na escolha das mesmas. O estatuto socio-económico da família influencia a prática de actividades orientadas. Ver televisão, passear e estar com os amigos, são actividades realizadas como forma de ocupar os tempos livres. Verificámos um grande envolvimento parental nas brincadeiras dos filhos, tendo a mãe um papel mais relevante. A aranha, os baloiços e o escorrega são os utensílios lúdicos preferidos pelas crianças num parque infantil. Grande parte das crianças pratica a actividade preferida.
This research project wants to identify the practices of leisure; try to know how children (Elementary School) fill their free time; which activities are done outside of school and to identify the leisure facilities that children can use in the city of Valpaços. Therefore, knowing the purposes of this research project, we start from this problem: the elementary school children fill their leisure time, out of school, according their preferences in the leisure activity or by the offer of leisure facilities existing in the city of Valpaços? To try to inquire how children spend their leisure time, I used a questionnaire that was given to the children of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th Grade of the Elementary School, that allows the detection of the practice of leisure activities, outside of school, including which leisure activities they practice; if they practise oriented activities; if they usually play traditional games; what games they play more; which activity they prefer; if parents usually play with their children; if they had already played in a playground among others. The questionnaire is composed by 16 questions, being almost all of them “closed”, allowing an easier verification of the result. The sample of this study is composed by 156 children, of both genders, from 7 to 12 years old. The statistical software used was the SPSS. We verified that the oriented activity more frequently used by children is the catechesis, followed by football (boys) and boy-scout movement (girls), verifying that parents have an important role in the choice of their leisure activities. The social and economical status of the family has influence upon the practice of the oriented activities. Watch television, go for a walk and being with friends, are activities performed as a way of spending their free time. We can see that parents are taking part in children games, having the mother a relevant role. The “spider”, the “swing” and the “slide” are the entertainment utensils preferred by children in a playground. Most children practice their favourite activities.

L’immigration au Québec se caractérise depuis quelques années par une nouvelle dynamique. La présence d’immigrants socialement perçus comme « minorités ethniques », ou plus précisément comme « minorités visibles », est de plus en plus évidente, surtout dans des contextes urbains où la diversité ethnique est une donnée palpable au quotidien. Dans ce mémoire nous proposons de travailler sur l’impact du loisir défini comme un ensemble de pratiques culturelles, c'est-à-dire des pratiques de loisir enracinées dans l’habitus, à l’appui de l’analyse du processus d’intégration sociale d’un groupe d’immigrants péruviens nouvellement arrivés à Montréal. Cette enquête cherche à explorer le rapport entre loisir et intégration, à partir d’un cadre théorique qui nous permet d’aborder le loisir comme un domaine particulièrement fécond sur le plan de la participation à la société d’accueil. Pour ce faire, nous avons privilégié une approche qualitative qui nous a aidé à « reconstruire » la trajectoire d’intégration de cinq nouveaux arrivants péruviens installés à Montréal depuis cinq ans ou moins. L’analyse des données révèle que le processus d’intégration de ces migrants est difficile, en raison des épreuves de l’adaptation (l’acculturation) à la société hôte, et que les activités liées aux loisirs ont un impact positif sur ledit processus, en partie parce qu’elles jouent un rôle stratégique qui favorise l’adaptation et la participation. Ces activités illustrent aussi les modalités d’une incorporation dans certains domaines de la vie sociale (l’emploi, la vie culturelle, la socialisation amicale) qui permet de ne pas rompre totalement les liens avec la communauté d’origine. Au quotidien, les loisirs permettent un rapprochement avec le groupe majoritaire et, plus largement, avec les autres groupes présents à Montréal : des liens d’amitié se développent, des pratiques de sociabilité se déploient, la consommation de certains biens et services est stimulée, l’individu fait de nouvelles connaissances, etc. Le lien entre communalisation ethnique et intégration permet alors de traverser différents espaces et groupes. Le plaisir reste par ailleurs le moteur des loisirs, c'est-à-dire que les activités choisies par les individus correspondent à leurs goûts, leurs intérêts, et que le loisir, en général, va de pair avec le plaisir. Ce lien favorise le déploiement de « réponses » spécifiques par nos interlocuteurs face aux problèmes d’adaptation, et la confirmation d’une sorte de sentiment d’intégration chez eux.
Immigration in Quebec has recently experienced a new trend. In fact, the arrival of immigrants socially perceived as "ethnic minorities", or more specifically as "visible minorities", has become increasingly evident, especially in the urban context where ethnic diversity is palpable every day. In this master’s thesis, we focus on the impact of leisure defined as a set of cultural practices, that is to say leisure practices embedded in the “habitus,” to support the analysis of the social integration of a group of Peruvian immigrants recently arrived in Montréal. This investigation seeks to explore the relationship between leisure and integration. Utilizing a theoretical framework allowed us to approach leisure, as a field that encourages participation in the host society. To achieve this goal, we used a qualitative approach in order to "rebuild" the integration trajectory of five Peruvian newcomers who had settled in Montréal for five years or less. The data analysis reveals that the integration process of these immigrants is difficult, since this process presents challenges of adaptation (acculturation) to the host society, and leisure activities have a positive impact on that process in part because they play a strategic role that promotes adaptation and participation. These activities also illustrate the modes of incorporation into some areas of social life (employment, cultural life, friendship and socialization), which does not completely break the ties to the community of origin. In daily practice, leisure promotes the rapprochement with the majority group and more generally, with the other ethnic groups living in Montréal: the friendship develops, the practices of sociability are deployed, the consumption of some goods and services is stimulated, and the individual meet more people, etc. The connection between ethnic communalization and integration can allow the individual to enter different areas and groups. Moreover, pleasure is the engine of leisure, so this means that leisure activities chosen by these individuals match their personal tastes and interests. This link facilitates the deployment of specific “responses” by these newcomers (coping responses), in order to face their problems of adaptation, and the confirmation of a sort of integration feeling among them.

This thesis is focused on the phenomenon of the social exclusion to the specifications of socially excluded children. My target was to answer these questions: How children threatened by social exclusion spend their free time? Are they satisfied with these ways and do they feel any limitations to spend a free time in different way? The theoretical part I focused on the theoretical definitions of the concept of social exclusion and other theoretical related concepts like integration, social inclusion or culture of poverty. Further I was dealing with definition of free time and in addition I described briefly a town called Neratovice where children participated in my research live, visit the school or do some leisure activities. For the research, I selected a quantitative research method - four semi-standardized interviews with children threatened by social exclusion at the age of 6-11 years. In addition children drew a time schedule of their common week day and weekend day. In practical part I analyzed the data from research, compare it with the data from other researches and suggest some recommendation based on these data in theoretical context published in theoretical part. Key words: social exclusion, integration, social inclusion, culture of poverty, Gypsy, free time, leisure activities, children

TITLE: Learning Organization in House of Children and Youth Conditions in Prague (region Prague) AUTHOR: Bc. Ján Rybárik DEPARTMENT: English language department / Centrum of the School Management SUPERVISOR: PhDr. Václav Trojan, Ph.D. ABSTRACT: The thesis deals with the application of the theory of learning organization in terms of school facilities for leisure education - Houses of children and youth in Prague. Author builds on the thesis of 2009 which dealt with the similar theme of the Houses of children and youth and their current conditions in the Czech Republic. The thesis is based on the theoretical principles of learning organizations established especially by Peter M. Senge. The actual status of the learning organization was diagnosed by the questionnaire survey in the following areas: the organization structure (flexibility, information sharing, and teamwork); processes (management and skills knowledge, information technology); culture (leadership, learning support, and feedback - evaluation); stimulation (strategy, personal development, motivation). Author provides an analysis of the data obtained in the questionnaire research (including 117 respondents of Houses of children and youth in Prague). The survey results were consequently compared with the former results of a similar questionnaire...

This thesis deals with an identity of young Romanies. About its development, meaning and importance when searching for oneself. To understand the significance of finding the Romanian youth´s identity, it is essential to get familiar with their culture, traditions, way of life etc. In the theoretical part it is possible to find the topic of personal development with relation to free time, its importance with creating a personality and educational methods applied to working with Romanian youth coming out of {\clq}qgood experience``. The practical part focuses on fieldwork. The research is a verification of hypotheses that were set at the beginning of the work. The next part of the research are new facts that have been found by the author during the realization of the research in fieldwork. This work is supposed to provide an educationalist a complex view of the problems connected with the identity development of the Romanian identity.

The subject of the diploma work thesis is the issue of museum education in an authentic environment, namely a possible way of using the technique of chain guidance in the mediation of the cultural and historical heritage of a certain place to the wider public. The aim of the thesis is to define in the theoretical part the concept of chain guidance in the context of education in relation to cultural heritage and museum education. Practical part contains characteristics and analysis of examples of practical realizations of chain guidence in four historical objects and the autor´s own creative project of chain guidence at the Zdenka Braunerova Studio, which was prepared and implemented in cooperation with the museum and the elementary school. The practical part also includes a proposal for a possible starting point for further cooperation between the Central Bohemian Museum and the Primary school in Roztoky.