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1

Ezeuduji, Ikechukwu O. "Choice of Intermediary for Leisure Travel Arrangements." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 7, no. 5(J) (October 30, 2015): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v7i5(j).607.

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Travellers can plan and arrange holidays themselves online or through the supplier, or use the services of a travel organizer, such as a travel agent. Consumers of travel services will seek to optimize choices by selecting a distribution channel which will provide them with the greatest perceived value. The primary goal of this study is to explore the underlying factors that influence consumer behaviour in making travel decisions, with specific reference to choosing between booking through a travel agent or online. Research with a perspective on travel decision-making in South Africa is limited. This study surveyed 408 respondents residing in South Africa using a structured questionnaire examining preference in booking holiday flights or accommodation through a travel agent or Internet. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify factors influencing traveller decision-making. Factors that influence travel decision-making were identified to include ‘trust’, ‘convenience and adoption of technology’, ‘best deal and price’, and ‘personal contact’. Travellers who preferred booking through the Internet found the potential of technology to save time and effort and to be convenient, due to the Internet being available day and night, important advantages of booking online. Travellers who preferred booking through a travel agent placed a premium on personal contact and social interaction between traveller and travel agent. They further valued the travel experience and ability of the travel agent to group transactions.
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Reece, William S. "Comparing Orlando Leisure Travellers to Travellers to other Florida Destinations." Tourism Economics 8, no. 2 (June 2002): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000002101298043.

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This paper measures the impacts of demographic and distance variables on household leisure travel to Orlando, Florida, and to other destinations in Florida. The paper examines travel to Florida from other states for rest and relaxation, sightseeing, outdoor recreation, and entertainment. We find significant differences between households with Orlando as the destination and households with other Florida destinations. The results are based on individual household data from the 1995 American Travel Survey (ATS) conducted by the US Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics.
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Jiang, Shan, Noel Scott, and Peiyi Ding. "Motivations of experienced leisure travellers: A means-end chain study on the Chinese outbound market." Journal of Vacation Marketing 25, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766718763694.

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This study examines Chinese outbound leisure travel motivation using a two-stage means-end chain (MEC) approach. In-depth interviews ( n = 60) using a soft-laddering method followed by a hard-laddering survey ( n = 600) with experienced Chinese outbound leisure travellers allowed culturally specific motivations for travel to be identified, based on 48 items at attribute, consequence and value levels. Six dominant MECs were identified. These findings provide a non-Western structure to the subtleties and salient dimensions of traveller motivation.
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Singh, Snigdha, and Pallavi Srivastava. "Social media for outbound leisure travel: a framework based on technology acceptance model (TAM)." Journal of Tourism Futures 5, no. 1 (May 2, 2019): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-10-2018-0058.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of technology acceptance model (TAM) to explain the widespread acceptance and usage of social media (SM) for travel purposes by Indian outbound leisure travellers during their travel cycle. Design/methodology/approach The study has adopted a qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews of 30 respondents, who had taken at least one international vacation in the last 12 months. Content analysis was used to arrive at the conclusion. Findings Findings of the study are used to develop a conceptual model which upholds the validity of the TAM with perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) as determinants of SM usage. The model has been extended to include perceived trust (PT) and social capital (SC) as important constructs to explain the travellers’ use of SM. Disposition readiness (DR) of the user towards SM was found to have an effect on all the four constructs. Originality/value Theoretically, this study suggests a modification to the existing TAM, which shows a unidirectional effect of PU and PEU on attitude. This study suggests that the effect would be bi-directional where the attitude (DR) of the traveller towards SM usage will affect PU and PEU. Furthermore, this study extends the TAM to include PT and SC as important constructs to explain SM usage by travellers. This study provides valuable insights into the hospitality and tourism sector which might help in further segmentation of travellers leading to more customised service offerings.
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Pavlić, Ivana, Barbara Puh, and Ljubica Mišković. "The perception of travellers and the World Heritage Site image." Tourism 68, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37741/t.68.2.6.

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The paper investigates the main image determinants of World Heritage Site (WHS) among different types of travellers. The main purpose is to define the main features of different types of travellers (tourists and cruise ship visitors) and to determine the attributes that create their particularly perceived image of WHS. In order to gain the main aims, empirical research, based on questionnaire on randomly–chosen travellers visiting WHS, was carried. The sample consisted of 547 tourists and 472 cruise ship visitors who visited WHS - Old city of Dubrovnik (OCD) in the period April 1st – October 1st 2016. Research spatial framework consists of multiple-use protected area with buffer zone. Explorative factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM) were applied. The results show that there are differences between image formation among different types of travellers regarding cognitive and affective image elements. The obtained results can be used as a base model for investigating the influence of the information sources, socio-demographics and motivation on mediating ones (cognitive and affective evaluation), and finally on the dependent variable of the overall image of the WHS perceived by different traveller categories.
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Jang, Jichul, Juwon Choi, Hyeongjin “Harry”Jeon, and Juhyun Kang. "Understanding U.S. travellers’ motives to choose Airbnb: a comparison of business and leisure travellers." International Journal of Tourism Sciences 19, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2019.1664006.

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Kimber, Simon, JingJing Yang, and Scott Cohen. "Performing love, prosperity and Chinese hipsterism: Young independent travellers in Pai, Thailand." Tourist Studies 19, no. 2 (March 14, 2019): 164–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797619833367.

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Young independent Chinese travellers are increasingly visiting Pai, a small town in northern Thailand, in part influenced by the popularity of the 2009 Thai movie Pai in Love. Using a performance perspective, combined with theory on affordances, which have not yet been applied in the growing body of research on Chinese tourists, this article examines the wide variety of performances in Pai by young independent Chinese travellers, many of which revolve around tourist photography. Drawing upon participant observation and in-depth interviews with Chinese travellers in Pai, the findings reveal that many young Chinese independent traveller performances in Pai revolve around the creation of online self-identities of prosperity and globalisation, love and alternative social identities such as Chinese hipsterism or Xiao Qing Xin. Central to many of these hybrid performances is the digital camera, which affords new, more playful, embodied ways of encountering and interacting with tourist attractions, while simultaneously offering a means of recording and refining performances that are then distributed via the ‘statusphere’. The article’s use of a performance lens provides new insights into Chinese tourism consumption, and highlights the importance of physical, material and social affordances in performing tourism.
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Morrison, Alastair M., Constantinos S. Verginis, and Joseph T. O'Leary. "Reaching the Unwanted and Unreachable: An Analysis of the Outbound, Long-Haul German and British Visiting Friends and Relatives Market." Tourism and Hospitality Research 2, no. 3 (October 2000): 214–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146735840000200303.

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Several researchers have suggested that practitioners underappreciate the value and significance of the visiting friends and relatives (VFR) market in tourism. In part, this has been attributed to a lack of accurate data and research on this segment of the pleasure travel market. Based upon two large-scale surveys of the German and British outbound, long-haul markets, the overall objectives of this study were to examine the expenditure patterns and levels of German and British long-haul VFR travellers, and to compare VFR traveller characteristics with other pleasure travel trip-purpose segments. The study clearly indicated that VFR travellers from Germany and the UK spent significant amounts at their destinations, and had different demographics, trip characteristics, trip satisfaction levels, value for money perceptions and future intentions for return visits than other types of pleasure travellers.
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Jones, Peter, and Meng-Mei Chen. "Factors determining hotel selection: Online behaviour by leisure travellers." Tourism and Hospitality Research 11, no. 1 (September 20, 2010): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/thr.2010.20.

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Douglas, Anneli. "Mobile business travel application usage." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 10, no. 3 (September 17, 2019): 269–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-01-2018-0002.

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Purpose Research abounds highlighting the differences between males and females when they travel. Even in business travel, these differences have been acknowledged, with suppliers and marketers spending significant money to develop and market products to accommodate them. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether differences exist in terms of mobile application usage between male and female business travellers. Design/methodology/approach A mixed method approach is followed. An internet-based survey is distributed and in-depth interviews conducted with South African business travellers. The Mann–Whitney U-test is used to test the differences between males and females and their mobile application usage. Content analysis is used to analyse the interviews. Findings The results show that mobile applications are perceived as more important by females than males in all the phases of the travel cycle, although most of these differences in perceived importance were not significant. Research limitations/implications Owing to the online data-collection method and the self-selective process, the findings cannot be generalised to the global population of business travellers who use mobile applications. Practical implications The results should caution corporate organisations, travel management companies and their application developers not to spend unnecessary technological and financial resources on developing applications to accommodate differences between males and females, which might not exist. Companies should rather spend money on developing applications that will enhance and add convenience to the business traveller’s experience. Originality/value The main contribution of this study lies in investigating the applications market, particularly in the context of business travel. Applications focussed on specific sectors of the tourism industry, such as business travel applications, serve business travellers differently from generic travel applications. This research examines business travel-specific applications and expands the scale and scope of the enquiry, concentrating on the travellers’ view.
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MacLaurin, Tanya L., Donald J. MacLaurin, and Loi Soh Loi. "Impact of Food-Borne Illness on Food Safety Concerns of International Air Travellers." Tourism Economics 6, no. 2 (June 2000): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101297569.

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This study examines international air travellers' attitudes and perceptions of the importance of food safety, sources of information on food safety, and the value of a global grading system for food service establishments. A survey questionnaire was used to gather data from travellers at Changi International Airport, Singapore. Results indicated an increase in the reported incidence of food-borne illness occurring with increased frequency of travel. Friends who had travelled to the destination were considered the best source of food safety information. Travel plans were altered out of concern about food safety and the food safety reputation of the destination. Eighty per cent of respondents stated that they would benefit from a standardized food safety grading system for the world's eating establishments.
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den Hoed, Wilbert, and Antonio Paolo Russo. "Professional travellers and tourist practices." Annals of Tourism Research 63 (March 2017): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2016.12.012.

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Pocock, Naomi, and Alison McIntosh. "LONG-TERM TRAVELLERS RETURN, ‘HOME’?" Annals of Tourism Research 42 (July 2013): 402–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2013.02.015.

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14

Pesonen, Juho A. "Segmentation of rural tourists: combining push and pull motivations." Tourism and hospitality management 18, no. 1 (June 2012): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.18.1.5.

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Rural tourism is an important form of tourism in many countries, including Finland. To understand rural tourists’ behaviour and help tourism companies market their products more efficiently many scholars have segmented rural tourists in several different geographical locations. This study aims to combine segmentation approaches used in earlier studies, namely motivation and benefit segmentation, and segment online rural tourists in Finland. Data is collected in a rural tourism affiliate website and analysed using cluster analysis on tourists’ motivations. Among 727 respondents, four rural tourist segments are found: “Social travellers”, “Wellbeing travellers”, “Home region travellers” and “Family travellers”. The segments differ from each other in motivations, preferred destination attributes, travel behaviour and sociodemographic factors. Understanding these differences will provide rural tourism companies important information to successfully market their products by combining both push and pull motivations in their marketing and product development.
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Banki, Mohammed Bala, Musa Dalil, Maikudi Mohammed, and Benjamin Aliyu Santali. "Influence of socio-demographics of leisure travellers on service experience equity." Anatolia 29, no. 1 (November 24, 2017): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2017.1405828.

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Poon, Wai‐Ching, and Kevin Lock‐Teng Low. "Are travellers satisfied with Malaysian hotels?" International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 17, no. 3 (May 2005): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110510591909.

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Richards, Greg, and Wendy Morrill. "Motivations of global Millennial travelers." Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo 14, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7784/rbtur.v14i1.1883.

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This paper reports on a global survey of Millennial travellers aged 18-35 and analyses motivations across world regions and countries. An adapted version of the Leisure Motivations Scale was subjected to factor analysis, revealing four dimensions of motivation: Relaxation, Exploring, Challenge and Socialising. All Millennials tend to see exploring as most important, but Asian travellers in particular emphasise both relaxation and challenge. Motivations were also found to vary according to age and destination, indicating that motivations are not just individual, but also context-related. We conclude that Millennials are not a coherent global generation in terms of travel motivations.
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Japutra, Arnold, Sandra Maria Correia Loureiro, Sebastian Molinillo, and Yuksel Ekinci. "Travellers' mindsets and theory of planned behaviour." Tourism Management Perspectives 30 (April 2019): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.02.011.

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Littrell, Mary A., Rosalind C. Paige, and Kun Song. "Senior travellers: Tourism activities and shopping behaviours." Journal of Vacation Marketing 10, no. 4 (October 2004): 348–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135676670401000406.

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Xu, Min, Sangkyun Kim, and Stijn Reijnders. "From food to feet: Analysing A Bite of China as food-based destination image." Tourist Studies 20, no. 2 (November 16, 2019): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797619888305.

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This article discusses the reception of the highly popular documentary television series A Bite of China among potential young domestic travellers. It aims to investigate how this series, and similar food- and culture-themed TV programmes, contributes to regional food-based destination images among the aforementioned class of travellers. The analysis of 15 semi-structured interviews with viewers suggests that the documentary can influence and change viewers’ perceptions of regional cuisine as well as local culture. Viewers engage in both cinematic and touristic consumption as they interpret the documentary. Credible food images aid the process of building perceptual images that distinguish a destination from other destinations, which in some cases also inspires viewers to actually visit the related destinations or locations. More particularly, this exploratory study shows how these travellers perceive food-based destination images not as an isolated phenomenon, but as an integral part of a broader place-identity.
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Brochado, Ana, Paulo Rita, Cristina Oliveira, and Fernando Oliveira. "Airline passengers’ perceptions of service quality: themes in online reviews." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 855–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-09-2017-0572.

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PurposeThis paper aims to identify the main themes shared in online reviews by airline travellers, as well as which of these themes were linked with higher and lower value for money ratings.Design/methodology/approachThe research used mixed content analyses (i.e. quantitative and qualitative) to examine 1,200 reviews of six airline companies shared by airline travellers in a social media platform.FindingsThe analyses revealed nine themes in descriptions of airline travel experiences. These are the core services during “flights”, “airport” operations, crew and ground “staff”, ticket “classes”, “seats”, inflight “services”, “entertainment”, overall experiences of “airlines” and post-purchase recommendations of with which companies to “fly”. Low value for money ratings are linked with the “airport” and “flights” themes.Originality/valueThe results offer useful insights into airline travellers’ overall experiences based on social media information and facilitate the identification of the main themes linked with different value for money ratings.
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Heung, Vincent C. S. "Internet usage by international travellers: reasons and barriers." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 15, no. 7 (December 2003): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09596110310496015.

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Morrison, Alastair M., Joseph T. O'Leary, Yifen Chiang, Sheauhsing Hsieh, and Cheng-Te Lang. "Segmenting travellers from the Netherlands by travel arrangements." Journal of Vacation Marketing 3, no. 2 (January 1997): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135676679700300202.

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Nazari Orakani, Solmaz, Karen Smith, and Adam Weaver. "Reframing the experiences of travellers with mobility impairments: Enhancing the leisure constraints model." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 47 (June 2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.03.003.

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Björk, Peter, and Hannele Kauppinen-Räisänen. "Local food: a source for destination attraction." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 28, no. 1 (January 11, 2016): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2014-0214.

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Purpose This study aims to explore factors affecting travellers’ food-related behaviour by focusing on the local food market. By doing so, the study contributes to the research on food experience in tourism and food-based regional development. The local food phenomenon presents essential research issues from various perspectives. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered questionnaire provided to attendees of a travel fair gauges respondents’ food attitudes and food-related behaviour related to information sourcing and perceptions of food experiences. Findings The study reveals three types of food-related behaviour. Experiencers are committed; they perceive food as essential to destination choices. They search for food-related information before their trips and value originality, newness and locality, as well as authenticity and uniqueness in local food, which eventually have an impact on travel satisfaction. Enjoyers have more casual attitudes towards food, though they view it as an important aspect of their holiday. For survivors, the local food of their destination serves mainly physiological needs. Practical implications Travellers’ food-related attitudes vary, and they behave according to these variations. This information serves as a means to brand hospitality and tourism businesses. Local food attracts travellers and it contributes to the tourist experience, indicating marketing potential for hospitality industries, tourism business and regional development. Originality/value This study adds to tourism research by exploring the effect of food attitudes on behaviours related to local food and local food markets. In particular, it highlights information sourcing, including local food and restaurants, and reveals food and eating characteristics that contribute to various types of travellers’ local food experiences, which have received little prior research attention.
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Belenkiy, Maksim, and David Riker. "Destination Choices of Individual International Travellers." Tourism Economics 19, no. 5 (October 2013): 1099–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0234.

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Hwang, Yeong-Hyeon, and Daniel R. Fesenmaier. "Unplanned Tourist Attraction Visits by Travellers." Tourism Geographies 13, no. 3 (August 2011): 398–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2011.570777.

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Cai, Liping A., Joseph O’Leary, and Carl Boger. "Chinese travellers to the United States — An emerging market." Journal of Vacation Marketing 6, no. 2 (April 2000): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135676670000600204.

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Rezaei, Sajad, Milad Kalantari Shahijan, Naser Valaei, Roya Rahimi, and Wan Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail. "Experienced international business traveller’s behaviour in Iran: A partial least squares path modelling analysis." Tourism and Hospitality Research 18, no. 2 (March 15, 2016): 163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358416636930.

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Few researchers have examined travellers’ experience with destinations despite the importance of their attitudes, behaviour and perception in selecting destinations. Current study aims to examine the relationship between risk perceptions, motivation, information source, travel experience and destination image among experienced international business travellers in Iran. The total number of 234 valid questionnaires was collected from international business travellers and structural equation modelling was employed using partial least squares path-modelling analysis to assess measurement and structural model for reflective constructs. Our empirical results support the negative relationship between destination image and risk perception, travel experience and risk perception while information sources were found to be unrelated to travellers risk perceptions. The results further shown that information sources and destination image, information sources and motivation, motivation and travel experience and destination image are related. However, the partial least squares-multigroup analysis results reveal that the significance of path coefficients differs across various demographic subgroups. Moreover, our results support experience and risk perception as a second-order reflective construct. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed along with a discussion on research limitations.
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Dixit, Shailja, Pallavi Srivastava, and Snigdha Singh. "Role of social media in outbound leisure travel: an interpretive analysis of Indian travellers." International Journal of Tourism Policy 9, no. 3 (2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtp.2019.10026665.

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Singh, Snigdha, Pallavi Srivastava, and Shailja Dixit. "Role of social media in outbound leisure travel: an interpretive analysis of Indian travellers." International Journal of Tourism Policy 9, no. 3 (2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtp.2019.104891.

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Xu, Xun, Allan Cheng Chieh Lu, and Yibai Li. "A comparative study of the determinants of business and leisure travellers' satisfaction and dissatisfaction." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 33, no. 1 (2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2019.10021116.

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Xu, n., Yibai Li, and Allan Cheng Chieh Lu. "A comparative study of the determinants of business and leisure travellers' satisfaction and dissatisfaction." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 33, no. 1 (2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2019.099656.

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Yang, Elaine Chiao Ling, Mona Ji Hyun Yang, and Catheryn Khoo-Lattimore. "The meanings of solo travel for Asian women." Tourism Review 74, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 1047–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-10-2018-0150.

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Purpose This study aims to explore the meanings of solo travel for Asian women, focussing on how Asian women construct and negotiate their identities in the heteronormalised, gendered and Western-centric tourism space. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were conducted with 35 Asian solo female travellers from ten Asian countries/societies and analysed using constructivist grounded theory. The interpretation was guided by a critical stance and intersectionality lens. Findings The findings show that solo travel provides a means for self-discovery but the path was different for Asian women, for whom the self is constructed by challenging the social expectations of Asian women. Western-centric discourse was identified in the participants’ interactions with other (Western) travellers and tourism service providers, as well as in the ways these Asian women perceive themselves in relation to Western travellers. In addition to gendered constraints and risks, the findings also reveal the positive meaning of being Asian women in the gendered tourism space. Research limitations/implications By labelling Asian women, the study risks adopting an essentialised view and overlooking the differences within the group. However, this strategic essentialism is necessary to draw attention to the inequalities that persist in contemporary tourism spaces and practices. Originality/value This study investigated Asian solo female travellers, an emerging but under-researched segment. It provides a critical examination of the intersectional effect of gender and race on identity construction for Asian solo female travellers. This study shows the need for a more inclusive tourism space.
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Jones, Kathryn N. "Turning Travel into Travail: Twenty-First-Century Voyageuses Engagées." Nottingham French Studies 52, no. 1 (March 2013): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2013.0038.

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This article examines attempts by contemporary female travellers to distance themselves from travel's leisure and pleasure connotations by reasserting the ethical value of travel literature. In Bienvenue en Palestine (2004), Anne Brunswic bears witness to everyday life in Israeli-occupied Ramallah; and Soifs d'Orient and Méandres d'Asie (2008) describe the twenty-two-month journey by Caroline Riegel following ‘les pérégrinations d'une goutte d'eau en Asie’. These travel narratives by voyageuses engagées underline the potential of this undervalued literary genre to serve as a means of social critique and vehicle for raising awareness about key humanitarian and environmental issues. The article explores how the narrator-travellers inscribe the experience of travel with a sense of travail, not only through the global concerns they highlight and the war-torn conflict zones they visit, but also by deliberately depriving themselves of the comfort and ease of modern means of transport.
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Gladden, Graham P. "Post Second World War trans-Atlantic travel for business and pleasure: Cunard and its airline competitors." Journal of Transport History 41, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 160–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526619883804.

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Over time the shipping lines grew to see the Atlantic as their own: a space they controlled in terms of the travellers’ experience. Following the end of the Second World War, UK-based Cunard (one of the largest passenger lines) sought to re-establish business very much as in the 1930s. The emergent airline industry used the language and imagery of the shipping lines to build their customer base whilst making much of the benefits of shorter crossing times for both business travellers and those on holiday. In contrast, shipping lines such as Cunard struggled to come to terms with the demise of a market based on one mode of transport. Whilst making moves to enter the airline business, the company believed that ships would retain significant market share of the trans-Atlantic market. Eventually the company declared that “people who need transport will use the air … ships are for leisure”.
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Udunuwara, Maduka, Dale Sanders, and Hugh Wilkins. "The dichotomy of customer relationship management and variety-seeking behaviour in the hotel sector." Journal of Vacation Marketing 25, no. 4 (December 18, 2018): 444–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356766718817793.

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Customer relationship management (CRM) and variety-seeking behaviour (VSB) are paradoxical constructs due to their contradictory intentions. CRM is implemented by organizations to retain customers and generate loyalty while VSB by customers can result in switching. This study addresses the question ‘what is the impact of VSB on the relationship between CRM and its outcomes: repeat visitation and positive word of mouth?’ Following analysis of 400 questionnaire responses from Australian leisure travellers who have visited the same international destination two or more times, the findings indicate that CRM leads to word-of-mouth recommendations, but not repeat visitation. Through multi-group moderation analysis, it was further identified that the outcomes of CRM do not vary based on the degree of VSB of travellers, and CRM leading to repeat visitation is fully mediated by the intrinsic factors affecting VSB, while CRM does have a significant influence on VSB.
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Pearce, Philip L., and Mao-Ying Wu. "A mobile narrative community: Communication among senior recreational vehicle travellers." Tourist Studies 18, no. 2 (August 16, 2017): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797617723469.

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Narrative communities consist of closely interacting participants who frequently discuss their views of the world. The aims of this study were to establish the credibility of using a narrative community approach to the recreational vehicle (RV) market and, if appropriate, both identify common themes in the public discourse and direct attention to sensitive issues which those seeking to influence this market need to consider. Primary data were collected in Australia through focus groups at a typical regional RV rally site. This material was supplemented by close study of the main membership magazine produced for the target group. The researchers were able to confirm the applicability of the narrative community approach through noting the frequent repetition of symbolic stories, recurring phrases and highly favoured topics. The extended focus group conversations and the supplementary materials revealed six highly consistent themes binding the perspectives of the RV tourists. The celebrated common concerns were enjoying a new family, safety, freedom, health and living economically while contributing to the communities visited. This commonality was seen as constituting enthusiastic advocacy for RV travel and opens lines of communication for those seeking to influence RV users.
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Osman, Hanaa, Lorraine Brown, and Thi Minh Trang Phung. "The travel motivations and experiences of female Vietnamese solo travellers." Tourist Studies 20, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 248–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797619878307.

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Solo travel is a growing trend, a significant proportion made up of international students who take solo trips during their study abroad. However there is limited empirical research on the Asian proportion of this growing market. This study explores the main motivations and constraints of 10 female Vietnamese students’ solo travellers through in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that travel motivations can be categorised into personal factors, such as freedom and flexibility, self-empowerment, independence and exploration, and social interaction factors including a lack of companions and meeting new people. Travel constraints relate to being female and alone and being of Asian descent. This research extends understanding of this important market segment. As a result, tourism providers and destination marketing organisation (DMOs) can capitalise by developing their products and marketing.
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Spoladore, Daniele, Sara Arlati, Sara Carciotti, Massimiliano Nolich, and Marco Sacco. "RoomFort: An Ontology-Based Comfort Management Application for Hotels." Electronics 7, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7120345.

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Business traveling is attracting growing attention due to the expansion of international markets. This fact calls for an increasing attention of the tourism sector toward the needs of business travellers, who often require services that are different from the ones desired by leisure tourists. The application of smart solutions coming from Context Awareness and Ambient Intelligence aimed at promoting guests’ comfort and well-being, also in cases in which they have special needs, represents a promising solution to tackle business travellers’ requirements and thus, to increase hotels attractiveness and incomes. In this context, this work introduces RoomFort, a smart comfort management system aimed at enhancing comfort of hotel room guests and leveraging on semantic representations of comfort, environment, and sensors. RoomFort provides a set of domain ontologies to formalize comfort-related metrics and to exploit the automatic reasoning capabilities provided by Semantic Web technologies, while gathering data through a network of sensors to ensure guests are provided with tailored comfort profiles during their stays in the hotel. Particular focus has been placed on visual comfort, since indoor lighting features constitute one of the main factors influencing the two main activities that most business travellers accomplish in their hotel room: working and relaxing.
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Taylor, Zbigniew. "Air charter leisure traffic and organised tourism in Poland: Are charters passé?" Moravian Geographical Reports 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2016-0019.

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Abstract Data from a number of tourism and transport sources are used in this analysis, concentrating on Poland: the largest tour operators and areas in which air carriers are likely to have the greatest impact. The top 25 air charter carriers identified are examined closely in terms of connections, and the geographical characteristics of these links are highlighted. The research reveals substantial differences in models of air leisure traffic between Western Europe and Poland. These are of a quantitative, but also a qualitative nature, and reflect the disparate levels of affluence of societies, different mobility patterns, and various experiences, adventures and demands on the part of travellers. Overall, charter traffic in Poland is still seen to be flourishing, while that in Western Europe is in relative decline.
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Liasidou, Sotiroula. "Representation of cultural tourism on the Web: critical discourse analysis of tourism websites." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 12, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-07-2017-0078.

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Purpose Culture is an important motivation force to people within the context of tourism. It provides new opportunities for destinations to promote cultural elements and attract more travellers. This study aims to investigate how the cultural heritage of Cyprus is promoted online and to identify whether the needs of travellers who focus on experiential aspects and prioritise culture can be fulfilled. Design/methodology/approach The research aim is fulfilled through a critical discourse analysis of selected WebPages concerning representation of the culture of Cyprus within the tourism context. Findings Eighteen websites were included, and the results suggest that Cyprus has Web exposure specifically promoting its cultural heritage. However, the websites have been established with different tourism scopes, with culture comprising just one part of the content. Thus, the development of specialised websites is dedicated exclusively to culture and tourism, and it seems appropriate to attract travellers interested in more educational activities with cultural and historical value. This approach would bring many benefits because this cohort of travellers is in an upper-scale tourist market. Originality/value This study is original in nature because it brings together the case of Cyprus, an island destination highly depended on tourism in relation to cultural tourism Web discourse. The promotion of cultural parameters will provide more opportunities for the island and escape from the 3S’s (sea, sun and sand) image to be positioned as a culturally sustainable destination.
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Yetim, Ayşe Çelik. "Determining the benefits of adventure tourism from a providers’ perspective in Fethiye." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 7, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v7i1.1390.

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There has been a significant growth in adventure tourism globally in recent years including Turkey. Fethiye is a good example of this trend as the resort has great potential for adventure tourism. Adventure tourism helps holiday destinations to attract sustainable tourism management in comparison with the traditional sea, sun and sand form of tourism. The specific aim of this study is to reveal the benefits of adventure tourism for the adventure traveller and for the providing organization too. Questionnaire technique was used to gather data. The questionnaire was directed and employed towards the service providers. Data was collated between May and October 2014 and 161 questionnaires were completed via face to face survey methodology. Adventure travel/ traveller benefits were ascertained from enquiries appertaining to: experience, activity, environment and other miscellaneous factors. Findings of the survey identified that the greatest benefits of adventure tourism for the providing organisations were 'self actualization' and 'supporting culture and environment' both of which, from statistical analysis, appeared to have a direct impact on increased business opportunity and growth market potential. As a result of this study, it is surmised that the provision of serving such destinations with adventure tourism should be of significant benefit to travellers and service providers alike.Keywords: Adventure tourism, benefits of adventure tourism, adventure-based leisure/recreation, service providers.
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Lewis, Clifford, and Steve D'Alessandro. "Understanding why: Push-factors that drive rural tourism amongst senior travellers." Tourism Management Perspectives 32 (October 2019): 100574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100574.

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Kashiwagi, Sho, Hayato Nagai, and Tomoyuki Furutani. "Expanding the concept of the VFR market: Excavating ‘hidden VFR travellers’." Tourism Management Perspectives 33 (January 2020): 100610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2019.100610.

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Sirakaya, Ercan, Sevil F. Sonmez, and Hwan-Suk Choi. "Do destination images really matter? Predicting destination choices of student travellers." Journal of Vacation Marketing 7, no. 2 (April 2001): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135676670100700203.

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47

Carballo, Rita R., Carmelo J. León, and María M. Carballo. "The perception of risk by international travellers." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 5 (October 9, 2017): 534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2017-0032.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the perception of risk by international travellers. There are multiple risks facing tourism that contribute to the formation of perception of risk. It is necessary to identify the different types of risks that are perceived in tourist destinations. This paper suggests policies and techniques to mitigate the risk perceptions in tourism. Design/methodology/approach A preliminary questionnaire survey was conducted to test the types of risks that are perceived in international destinations. The data were further analysed with factor analysis to measure the dimension of risk perceptions. Findings The main results point to the existence of five types of risk affecting tourists during international travel: health risk, risk of suffering from crime and delinquency, accident risk, environmental risk and risk from disasters. Result shows that uncontrollable risks are perceived as more important than those which are more controllable. Originality/value As the existing literature on perception of risk in tourism does not contain a substantially detailed discussion relating to types of risk in international destinations and its contribution to the formation of risk perceptions, this paper may contribute to a better understanding of risk perception. The results could assist in decision-making and have implications for the management of risks.
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Bendix, Regina. "Black Lambs and Grey Falcons: Women Travellers in the Balkans." Annals of Tourism Research 30, no. 2 (April 2003): 505–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(02)00106-8.

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49

Haller, Stephen F. "Codes of ethics for travellers are not motivating." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 11, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-09-2015-0106.

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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the discussion about the adequacy/inadequacy of codes of ethics in motivating tourist behaviour. Design/methodology/approach This paper is a philosophical argument for the use of virtue ethics, rather than rights-based codes of ethics, when directing the ethical behaviour of individual travellers. Findings Codes of ethics suffer from several problems, including inconsistency, unenforceability and a reliance on the guest/host distinction that may not be applicable. Rights-based codes of ethics use the language of rules and regulation, while virtue ethics relies on the moral autonomy of individuals. The language of virtue ethics, which promotes the development of individual character, would be more effective for inspiring ethical behaviour in individual tourists because they will identify with internal goals connected to their own goals and purposes, rather than with external rules. Practical implications The language of virtue ethics would have more motivating force and, thus, might be more appropriate for the task. Originality/value This paper presents an argument for the replacement of codes of ethics with a virtue ethic approach.
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Nagaj, Rafał, and Brigita Žuromskaitė. "CEE Millennial Travellers’ Attitude towards Security Measures Applied in Tourism Infrastructure." Tourism 69, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 140–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37741/t.69.1.10.

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The aim of the paper is to assess the level of Millennial travellers’ from Central and Eastern Europe safety estimated by the importance of the security measures implemented in tourism infrastructure (accommodation facilities and tourist attractions) as a way to provide a safer leisure environment. In addition, the paper examines whether tourists’ gender and economic stimulus in the form of reduced travel costs are among the factors which influence the evaluation of the significance of safety measures and the perception of risk. The objective is accomplished through a critical analysis of literature and the survey conducted by the authors among Millennials from Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia. The findings indicate that security measures improve the safety and quality of the tourist experience in respondents from the countries focused on in the survey; however, there are differences in the type of security measures accepted by tourists from individual countries. To have lower travel expenses, they are more willing to accept a lower level of safety during an outbound trip. The research has also revealed that the assessment of security measures varies depending on tourists’ gender.
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