Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lelang'

My stoneware sculptures in my MFA final project were named Earth Divers because clay as a material is earth and clay is also symbolic of the Earth. The way that I physically dive into clay up to my elbows is a poetic performance. The sculptures were built in sections horizontally and then stacked vertically. I began the process by first making life size plaster molds of the human figure taken from live people. Earth Divers take their architectural structure specifically from the organic curves of the negative voids that are characteristic of the plaster figure molds. I built into these plaster molds a block or brick like section. I then removed the large block sections from the molds and stacked the sections one on top of the other combining the figurative and architectural structures with gothic influence. The sculptor, Stephen De Staebler, who works in a similar fashion, describes his work as, "... first laying the figure down and later standing it in a vertical position." The way of life that was lost with the manufacturing past of my family at Castone Brick is found in the use of industrial nostalgia by modeling I-beam shapes as part of the structure of the stacked sections. I also fired nuts, bolts, and washers of various sizes in the clay that build the surface of the human forms. The square nut seen in my work is no longer being manufactured and is symbolic of the passing of the industrial age in America. Finally, to build the surfaces of my sculptures I used slips, glazes, and a variety of clays on top of clay, and laid glass fragments on the horizontal surfaces to create a look of pooled water when my work was fired similar to what I have seen in the Lehman Caves in Baker, Nevada. "I believe there is a force in this world that lives beneath the surface, something primitive and wild that awakens when you need an extra push just to survive, like wild flowers that bloom after a fire turns the forest black. Most people are afraid of it and keep it buried deep inside themselves. But, there will always be a few people who have the courage to love what is untamed inside us." (Tim McGraw)

Cette thèse aborde plusieurs problèmes qui se posent pour les marchés financiers soumis à des coûts de transaction. Nous revisitons d'abord la méthode d'approximation des portefeuilles de couverture des options Européennes suggérées par Leland pour le calI Européen. On met en évidence la convergence en probabilité des portefeuilles discrétisés vers le pay-off lorsque ce dernier est bien plus général. Dans le même esprit, on mesure la vitesse de convergence en estimant la moyenne de l'erreur quadratique. Cela nous conduit à formuler un théorème de convergence en loi de l'erreur d'approximation du type central-limite. Toutefois, le modèle de Black et Scholes utilisé est critiquable dans la pratique puisque la volatilité est supposée constante. C'est pourquoi, nous proposons d'établir un théorème de convergence en probabilité analogue au précédent lorsque la volatilité ne dépend pas seulement du temps mais aussi de l'actif risqué sous-jacent. Enfin, on s'intéresse à d'es marchés continus plus abstraits décrits par des cônes générés par les coûts de transactions. Nous formulons quelques notions d'arbitrage mais surtout on propose une description duale des prix de couverture des options américaines comme cela a déjà été fait pour les marchés discrétisés<br>This thesis deals with different problems on financial markets under trans- action costs. The first part is devoted to the method of approximation suggered by Leland in order to hedge European options. We show that we can prove the cqnvergence in probability, conjeçtured by Leland and proved by Lott with the European call, for a more general pay-off. We estimate the rate of convergence by computing the mean square error which leads us to establish a functional limit theorem, that is a kind of "central-limit theorem ". The second part is about arbitrage and hedging of American options for models in continuous time. The main theorem extends the hedging theorem for the American options in discrete time

L'objet de cette these est de relier entre elles deux grandeurs importantes, l'une en theorie des courants le nombre de lelong et l'autre en geometrie algebrique locale le nombre de milnor, ou plus generalement la multiplicite. Cette etude nous permet de donner une nouvelle preuve, plus analytique, d'un theoreme du a f. Loeser, qui met en relation les nombres de milnor d'une fonction a singularite isolee et des integrales des formes de chern associees aux fibres non singulieres. Par ailleurs, nous proposons une generalisation des nombres de lelong microlocaux introduits par l. Abrahamsson et nous montrons comment ils peuvent s'interpreter comme des nombres de lelong generalises avec poids

Over the last decade, numerous changes have occurred in the insurance industry due to international expansions and stiff competitiveness. As a result of these changes, employees are suffering from stressful work conditions such as pressure to perform and work-life conflict, which lead to feelings of distrust, tension, strain in interpersonal relations, interpersonal conflict and difficulty in coping with pressure to perform. Tracking and addressing the work wellness of these employees are important to improve their work-related performance, as well as the quality of their service. Burnout, work engagement and workaholism are focal points in this regard. In order to measure these constructs it is important to have valid and reliable instruments. However, there is a lack of research which measures burnout, engagement and workaholism in the South African context. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between burnout, work engagement and workaholism amongst employees in the insurance industry. The research method consisted of a brief literature review and an empirical study. A cross-sectional design was used. An availability sample (N = 153) from employees in the insurance industry was taken. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), an adapted version of the Work Addiction Risk Test (AWART), and a biographical questionnaire were administered. The statistical analysis was conducted with the aid of the SPSS program and AMOS program. The statistical method employed in the study consisted of descriptive statistics, Cronbach alpha coefficients, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients and a structural equation modelling method. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine the significance of differences of workaholism between demographic groups. It was evident in this study that employees in the insurance industry experience workaholism due to their tendency to work long hours overtime, to work weekends and to take work home. Results indicated that work wellness of employees in the insurance industry does comprise well-being (Burnout and Work Engagement) and Workaholism. Recommendations for future research were made.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Over the last decade the focus has shifted to ensure a holistic view of employee well-being in organisations by focusing on both physical and psychological well-being. Previous research suggests that work characteristics and psychological work-related well-being influence both the individual (i.e. health) and organisational outcomes (i.e. commitment, safety, productivity, etc.). Moreover, the increasing importance of focusing on work-related psychological well-being of employees is evident in legislation from around the world. In South Africa the Occupational Health and Safety legislation, spesifically the Construction Regulations, also recognises the importance of the psychological well-being of employees and refers to it as ?psychological fitness?. However, no clear definition or instrument for psychological fitness exists. Similarly, no instrument exist to measure work characteristics of blue-collar workers. The objectives of this research were 1) to propose a defintion for psychological fitness of blue-collar employees 2) to propose a theoretical framework to better our understanding of psychological fitness 3) to develop a psychological fitness instrument for blue-collar employees that is suitable for the South African context 4) to test the psychometric properties of the newly developed psychological fitness instrument 5) to develop a work characteristics questionnaire for blue-collar mine workers to gain insight into their work experiences, and 6) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly developed job demands-resources scale for blue-collar mine workers. The empirical study consisted of two phases. During the first phase, following an extensive literature review, a definition and theoretical framework for psychological fitness was proposed. Thereafter, a new instrument for measuring psychological fitness was developed and tested. An instrument for measuring the work characteristics of blue-collar mine workers has also been developed to further the understanding of their work experiences. During the second phase, the psychometric properties of the newly developed psychological fitness instrument were tested (i.e. factorial validity, factorial invariance, reliability and external validity; N = 2769). Furthermore, the psychometric properties of the newly developed job demands-resources scale for blue collar workers were also investigated (i.e. factorial validity, reliability and the relationship with theoretically relevant external variables; N = 361). During the conceptualisation process, the definition of psychological fitness has been proposed based on previous work-related well-being literature. The work-related well-being concepts, distress and eustress were proposed as indicators of psychological fitness. Therefore, psychological fitness was defined as a state in which an employee display high levels of emotional and mental energy and high levels of psychological motivation to be able to work and act safely. The dimensions of burnout and engagement were proposed as possible indicators of psychological fitness and included exhaustion, mental distance, cognitive weariness, vitality and work devotion. Furthermore, the underlying work-related well-being theories and models were identified as the theoretic framework to enable the development of a questionnaire for psychological fitness. In order to ensure that the low literacy employees understand the meaning of each questionnaire close attention has been paid during the development of items. Firstly, the psychological fitness instrument (SAPFI) for blue-collar employees has been translated into all the official languages of South Africa following a multistage translation process. Secondly, the job demands-resources scale for blue collar mine workers (JDRSM) has been translated into the three most commonly spoken languages (Sesotho, isiXhosa and Setswana) by employees working in this specific mine. During this phase various problematic items were identified and eliminated from both questionnaires using the Rasch measurement model. The final phase included the validation study where the psychometric properties of both the new instruments were investigated. The SAPFI results provided evidence for factorial validity, factorial invariance, reliability and significant relations with external variables of the distress scale. Although evidence was provided for the factorial validity, reliability and external validity of the eustress scale, factorial invariance could not be confirmed. Furthermore, the JDRSM results provided evidence for the factorial validity, reliability (except for the workload scale) and external validity. Recommendations for future research were made.<br>Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Cobalt is a commonly known sensitiser in industrial settings and has been classified by the IARC as a possible group (2B) human carcinogen. Workers at a South African base metal refinery are potentially exposed to cobalt in the cobalt packaging area. The respiratory and dermal exposure to cobalt is a possible health risk. Quantifying the exposures levels assists in determining the degree of the risk as well as the management thereof. The objectives of this study were to assess dermal and respiratory exposure of workers at a cobalt packaging area and to assess their skin condition by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin hydration indices. The skin hydration index was measured on the back of the hand, forehead, wrist and palm at the start, during and end of the shift. The TEWL index was measured at the start and end of the shift on the same areas as the hydration index. Ghostwipes was chosen as preferred wipe sampling media to collect dermal and surface samples. Wipe samples were also taken on suspected contaminated workplace surfaces. Respiratory samples were taken by using the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) inhalable aerosol sampler at a flow rate of 2 l/min. Wipes and respiratory samples were analysed for cobalt according to NIOSH method 9102 using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES). The hydration indices indicated that worker’s skin are slightly dry to normal at the beginning of the shift. Hydration on the wrist increased significantly during the shift. TEWL indices increased significantly on the back of the hand, wrist and forehead during the shift. TEWL indices of the palm showed a low barrier function before the shift and deteriorated further to a very low barrier function at the end of the shift. Significant dermal cobalt loading occurred on the back of the hand, forehead, wrist and palm during the shift. The palm was the most exposed and the forehead least. The barrier function of the skin is most likely to be affected by exposure to cobalt. The skin condition of workers put them at greater risk to develop adverse health effects of cobalt. Workplace surfaces were contaminated with cobalt. Airborne cobalt was visible at different working stations. Cobalt exposure is due to numerous sources in the packaging area, thus contributing to the dermal exposure. Respiratory exposure exceeded the 8 hour occupational exposure limit for most of the workers. The guidance limit for short term exposure was exceeded by half of the workers. It is important to minimise the exposure to cobalt in packaging area. Manifestation of the adverse health effects are usually not visible in the short term, the necessary precautions have to be taken to protect the workers.<br>Thesis (M.Sc. (Occupational Hygiene))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The Eighties were a time in Western popular music that seemed to exist only by virtue of it coming after something else---namely, the 1960s counterculture and the punk rock of the 1970s. Inheriting both the failure of permanent cultural revolution and the intense cynicism that is punk's strongest legacy, youth cultures in the 1980s found it increasingly difficult to live in the present. This thesis labels this historical dilemma postmodern. It will show how SPIN magazine attempted to move past this dilemma in order to assert a unique identity for 1980s popular music and youth cultures. In particular, John Leland, a columnist for SPIN, appropriated a pop aesthetic as an identity marker and, in the process, questioned the supposed ineffectiveness of pop music for a political postmodernism. An analysis of Leland's writing uncovers what accounts of this era tend to ignore: the social function of postmodernism.

Cette thèse a pour l'objet l'étude de problèmes de la théorie du pluripotentiel. Dans un premier travail, on construit un analogue de l'espace de Dirichlet dans le cas de l'analyse complexe à plusieurs variables. Il s'agit d'un espace de fonctions tests qui ont les bonnes propriétés d'invariance par applications holomorphes, notamment dans le cas compacte. On prouve pour cet espace que les fonctions sont définies à un ensemble pluripolaire près au sens où elles sont quasi-continues pour la capacité fonctionnelle associée et que cette capacité teste les ensembles pluripolaires. Le deuxième article traite d'inégalités d'auto-intersection sur les ensembles analytiques et même plus généralement sur les courants. On prouve pour cela qu'à un courant positif fermé de bidegré quelconque sur une variété kählérienne compacte, on peut associer un courant positif fermé de bidegré (1,1) dont la masse est contrôlée par la masse du courant et qui a les mêmes nombres de Lelong que lui (c'est-à-dire les mêmes singularités). Enfin, le dernier article traite de l'étude de la dynamique d'une famille d'applications polynomiales de \mathbb{C}^2. On s'intéresse à la dynamique près de l'infini. Plus particulièrement, on décompose le courant de Green près de l'infini selon les itinéaires entre les points d'indétermination, ce qui donne une dynamique semi-conjuguée à un sous-shift ce qui est nouveau en dynamique complexe<br>This these has for subject the study of problems in pluripotential theory. In a first paper, we consider an analoguous of the Dirichlet space in the case of complex analysis in several variables. It is a space of test functions having good properties of invariance by holomorphic maps, especially in the compact case. We prove for this space that the functions are defined up to a pluripolar set in the sense that they are quasi-continuous for the functional capacity associated to this space and this capacity tests the pluripolar sets. The second article deals with self-intersection inequlaities for analytic set anfd more generally for currents. We prove for that that for a positive closed current of any bidegree in a compact Kähler manifold, we can associate a positive closed current of bidegree (1,1) whose mass is controled by the mass of the current and which has the same Lelong numbers (i. E. The same singularities). Finally, the last article is about the study of the dynamics of a family of polynomial mappings of \mathbb{C}^2. We are intersted in the dynamics near infinity. More precisely, we have a decomposition of the Green current near infinity along the itineraries between the indeterminacy points and theirs preimages, which gives a symbolic dynamics semi-conjugated to a sub-shift which is new in complex dynamics

An exploration of the interpersonal experiences of loneliness by older people in a residential care facility It is estimated that there were about 3, 8 million older people in South Africa in 2010 (Statistics South Africa, 2010). Many older people have to be cared for in residential care facilities due to their weakening health, the migration of children and grandchildren, or due to limited financial resources. This has led to the attempt in this research study to explore the interpersonal experiences of loneliness by older people living in a residential care facility. Loneliness is an unpleasant experience associated with inadequate interpersonal contact. It is widely accepted that loneliness is closely associated with ageing as a consequence of multiple losses – loss of abilities, loss of and changes in personal relationships, loss of relationships with familiar environments and changed contact with friends and relatives resulting in reduced relationships. Changes in the relationship with the environment are regarded as a particular loss by older people, especially if they have to rely on institutionalized care and loose contact with familiar social networks and the free association with other people. Lonely people are isolated people. For the purpose of this study, loneliness is regarded as a relational phenomenon, and the theory of complex responsive processes of relating will be used as the theoretical framework for this study. In an attempt to understand the interpersonal experiences associated with loneliness, a qualitative and exploratory research method was used. The research was conducted in a residential care facility in Johannesburg, South Africa. The group of older people, who was purposively selected for the study, consisted of 10 older persons: 7 female and 3 male and with ages ranging between 62 and 82 years of age. The data was collected by means of various qualitative techniques, including the Mmogo-methodTM and visual drawings. The collected data was analysed by using thematic analysis, visual analysis and key-words-in-context, and crystallization was used to increase the trustworthiness of the findings. Ethical approval for the research project was obtained from the North-West University. Two themes emerged from the findings, being: 1) Relationships are experienced in terms of the interactions in relationships as well as in terms of preferred interpersonal styles; and 2) The relationships experienced in the context of the residential care facility are described as being unsafe and lacking in care, while the environment is described as non-stimulating. Some of the findings are confirmed by existing literature. However, the unique contribution of the study is the finding that the environment in which the relationships are embedded is perceived to be dangerous, and that it is perceived to be a risk to become visible to each other in order to establish meaningful interpersonal relationships. Several suggestions regarding future interventions are made and some limitations of the study are mentioned. The contribution of the study is that loneliness are expressed and described in terms of interpersonal relationships embedded in the broader environment. Thus, the potential of older people to form meaningful interpersonal relationships are limited in the broader environment if the environment is experienced as unsafe and lacking in care.<br>Thesis (MSc (Research Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

The dissertation investigates the fairness criteria pertaining to absenteeism and desertion. It should be recognised that desertion is a special case of absenteeism. Desertion is absence from work with the intention of not returning, thus terminating the employment contract. Absenteeism is absence from work with the intention of returning. The intention of the employee determines the employer’s cause of action. The dissertation investigates fairness criteria and applicable action by the employer pertaining to such cases in order to avoid unfair dismissal. Procedure should be fair, but can only be judged on the merits of the specific case. Fairness requires the employer to afford the employee an opportunity to state his or her case at the disciplinary hearing. In other words to give a reasonable explanation for his or her absence. Fairness also requires the court to take all surrounding circumstances into account, such as the reasonable period of absence, the employees work record and the employers treatment of similar offences in the past. Absence does not warrant automatic dismissal nor does it justify extended absence. Ultimately, the burden is to be shared by both employer and employee to ensure that the employment contract is constitutionally fair, clearly defined and precisely communicated to parties. The workplace is only an extension of the individual and the collective constitutional birth right; we all have equal right to justice, yet not all cases are the same.<br>Thesis (LLM (Labour Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

La thèse se compose de 6 articles. (1) Nous calculons les générateurs des SA₃(ℝ)-invariants pour les surfaces paraboliques. (2) Nous calculons les invariants rigides relatifs pour les hypersurfaces rigides 2-non-dégénérées de rang de Levi constant 1 dans ℂ³: V₀, I₀, Q₀ ayant 11, 52, 824 monômes au numérateur. (3) Nous organisons tous les modèles affinement homogènes non-dégénérés dans ℂ³ en branches inéquivalentes. (4) Pour un courant harmonique dirigé autour d'une singularité linéarisée non-hyperbolique qui ne charge pas les séparatrices triviales dont l'extension triviale à travers 0 est ddc-fermée, nous démontrons que le nombre de Lelong en 0 est : 4.1) strictement positif si λ&gt;0 ; 4.2) nul si λ est rationnel et négatif ; 4.3) nul si λ est négatif et si T est invariant sous l'action d'un sous-groupe cofini du groupe de monodromie. (5) Nous construisons des fibrés holomorphes en droites en toute dimension n&gt;=2 non-prolongeables au sens de Hartogs. (6) Nous montrons que les matrices circulantes ayant k entrées 1 et k+1 entrées 0 dans leur première rangée sont toujours non singulières lorsque 2k+1 est soit une puissance d'un nombre premier, soit un produit de deux nombres premiers distincts. Pour tout autre entier 2k+1, nous exhibons une matrice circulante singulière<br>The thesis consists of 6 papers. (1) We calculate the generators of SA₃(ℝ)-invariants for parabolic surfaces. (2) We calculate rigid relative invariants for rigid constant Levi-rank 1 and 2-non-degenerate hypersurfaces in ℂ³: V₀, I₀, Q₀ having 11, 52, 824 monomials in their numerators. (3) We organize all affinely homogeneous nondegenerate surfaces in ℂ³ in inequivalent branches. (4) For a directed harmonic current near a non-hyperbolic linearized singularity which does not give mass to any of the trivial separatrices and whose trivial extension across 0 is ddc-closed, we show that the Lelong number at 0 is: 4.1) strictly positive if the eigenvalue λ&gt;0; 4.2) zero if λ is a negative rational number; 4.3) zero if λ&lt;0 and if T is invariant under the action of some cofinite subgroup of the monodromy group. (5) We construct non-extendable, in the sense of Hartogs, holomorphic line bundles in any dimension n&gt;=2. (6) We show that circulant matrices having k ones and k+1 zeros in the first row are always nonsingular when 2k+1 is either a power of a prime, or a product of two distinct primes. For any other integer 2k+1 we exhibit a singular circulant matrix

Dans cette thèse, nous étudions plusieurs problèmes de mathématiques financières liés à la présence d’imperfections sur les marchés. Notre approche principale pour leur résolution est l’utilisation d’un cadre asymptotique pertinent dans lequel nous parvenons à obtenir des solutions approchées explicites pour les problèmes de contrôle associés. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à l’évaluation et la couverture des options européennes. Nous considérons tout d’abord la problématique de l’optimisation des dates de rebalancement d’une couverture à temps discret en présence d’une tendance dans la dynamique du sous-jacent. Nous montrons que dans cette situation, il est possible de générer un rendement positif tout en couvrant l’option et nous décrivons une stratégie de rebalancement asymptotiquement optimale pour un critère de type moyenne-variance. Ensuite, nous proposons un cadre asymptotique pour la gestion des options européennes en présence de coûts de transaction proportionnels. En s’inspirant des travaux de Leland, nous développons une méthode alternative de construction de portefeuilles de réplication permettant de minimiser les erreurs de couverture. La seconde partie de ce manuscrit est dédiée à la question du suivi d’une cible stochastique. L’objectif de l’agent est de rester proche de cette cible tout en minimisant le coût de suivi. Dans une asymptotique de coûts petits, nous démontrons l’existence d’une borne inférieure pour la fonction valeur associée à ce problème d’optimisation. Cette borne est interprétée en terme du contrôle ergodique du mouvement brownien. Nous fournissons également de nombreux exemples pour lesquels la borne inférieure est explicite et atteinte par une stratégie que nous décrivons. Dans la dernière partie de cette thèse, nous considérons le problème de consommation et investissement en présence de taxes sur le rendement des capitaux. Nous obtenons tout d’abord un développement asymptotique de la fonction valeur associée que nous interprétons de manière probabiliste. Puis, dans le cas d’un marché avec changements de régime et pour un investisseur dont l’utilité est du type Epstein-Zin, nous résolvons explicitement le problème en décrivant une stratégie de consommation-investissement optimale. Enfin, nous étudions l’impact joint de coûts de transaction et de taxes sur le rendement des capitaux. Nous établissons dans ce cadre un système d’équations avec termes correcteurs permettant d’unifier les résultats de [ST13] et[CD13]<br>In this thesis, we study several mathematical finance problems related to the presence of market imperfections. Our main approach for solving them is to establish a relevant asymptotic framework in which explicit approximate solutions can be obtained for the associated control problems. In the first part of this thesis, we are interested in the pricing and hedging of European options. We first consider the question of determining the optimal rebalancing dates for a replicating portfolio in the presence of a drift in the underlying dynamics. We show that in this situation, it is possible to generate positive returns while hedging the option and describe a rebalancing strategy which is asymptotically optimal for a mean-variance type criterion. Then we propose an asymptotic framework for options risk management under proportional transaction costs. Inspired by Leland’s approach, we develop an alternative way to build hedging portfolios enabling us to minimize hedging errors. The second part of this manuscript is devoted to the issue of tracking a stochastic target. The agent aims at staying close to the target while minimizing tracking efforts. In a small costs asymptotics, we establish a lower bound for the value function associated to this optimization problem. This bound is interpreted in term of ergodic control of Brownian motion. We also provide numerous examples for which the lower bound is explicit and attained by a strategy that we describe. In the last part of this thesis, we focus on the problem of consumption-investment with capital gains taxes. We first obtain an asymptotic expansion for the associated value function that we interpret in a probabilistic way. Then, in the case of a market with regime-switching and for an investor with recursive utility of Epstein-Zin type, we solve the problem explicitly by providing a closed-form consumption-investment strategy. Finally, we study the joint impact of transaction costs and capital gains taxes. We provide a system of corrector equations which enables us to unify the results in [ST13] and [CD13]

This thesis is the first full-length study of the English clergyman and historian William Cave (1637-1713). As one of a number of Restoration divines invested in exploring the lives and writings of the early Christians, Cave has nonetheless won only meagre interest from early-modernists in the past decade. Among his contemporaries and well into the nineteenth century Cave’s vernacular biographies of the Apostles and Church Fathers were widely read, but it was with the two volumes of his Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Historia Literaria (1688 and 1698), his life’s work, that he made his most important and lasting contribution to scholarship. The first aim of the thesis is therefore to build on a recent quickening of research into the innovative early-modern genre of historia literaria by exploring how, why, and with what help, in the context of late seventeenth-century European intellectual culture, Cave decided to write a work of literary history. To do so it makes extensive use of the handwritten drafts, annotations, notebooks, and letters that he left behind, giving a comprehensive account of his reading and scholarly practices from his student-days in 1650s Cambridge and then as a young clergyman in the 1660s to his final, unsuccessful attempts to publish a revised edition of his book at the end of his life. Cave’s motives, it finds, were multiple, complex, and sometimes conflicting: they developed in response to the immediate practical concerns of the post-Restoration Church of England even as they reflected some of the deeper-lying tensions of late humanist scholarship. The second reason for writing a thesis about Cave is that it makes it possible to reconsider an influential historiographical narrative about the origins of the ‘modern’ disciplinary category of literature. Since the 1970s the consensus among scholars has been that the nineteenth-century definition of literature as imaginative fictions in verse and prose – in other words literature as it is now taught in schools and universities – more or less completely replaced the early-modern notion of literature, literae, as learned books of all kinds. This view is challenged in the final section of this thesis, which traces the influence of Cave’s work on some of the canonical authors of the English literary tradition, including Johnson and Coleridge. Coleridge’s example, in particular, helps us to see why Cave and scholars like him were excluded lastingly from genealogies of English studies in the twentieth century, despite having given the discipline many of its characteristic concerns and aversions.

Contributing to the movement to separate church and state in revolutionary Virginia, John Leland formed a unique discourse that utiltized the similarities inherent in evangelical religion and republican ideology. Building upon the language of his New England brethren, which stressed the inconsistencies of republican rhetoric and religious persecution, Leland merged this language with the evangelical movement in Virginia. Through his actions in Virginia, Leland became an important Baptist leader and political ally. He joined the Baptist associations fighting to disestablish religion in that state and became immersed in the politics affecting the region. This involvement included influencing his congregations at the polls and affecting the elections of prominent constitutional figures such as James Madison and Thomas Jefferson.

by Fan Xuqian.<br>"August 2004."<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-87).<br>Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Mode of access: World Wide Web.<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Sections 15 and 16 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amended Act 32 of 2007 regulate consensual sexual acts between children. Both these sections criminalised children engaging in consensual sexual acts. The constitutionality of sections 15 and 16 of the Act where tested before the Constitutional Court by the Teddy Bear Clinic and RAPCAM. The Constitutional Court held that both articles are unconstitutional and ruled that these articles violate children's right to human dignity, privacy and the best interest of the child. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate whether children’s best interests are protected by law when they are involved in consensual sexual conduct. In order to answer this question, the historical background of legislation that regulated consensual sexual acts between children is analysed. Legislation that gives and protects children’s right to self-determination is examined. International instruments are also analysed. The High Court and the Constitutional Court judgements relating to children involved in consensual sexual conducts are discussed. The negative consequences of both these articles are discussed. The best interest principle is discussed according to case law. Ultimately a conclusion is reached.<br>LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This dissertation critically considers the question of whether the concept of “virtual property” may be understood to be included as a form of property in the constitutional property clause. The reason for this problem is that there is no definition of the property concept in the constitutional property clause. South African courts have not yet given clarity as to whether virtual property may be included, recognised and protected or to what extent such protection could be. There are different approaches and opinions for defining the concept of property. The importance of extending property protection to virtual property lies in the fact that virtual resources have a real-world value. Currently in South African law virtual property exists only in theory and is by no means a legal reality. Therefore any argument towards recognizing virtual property lies in a theoretical rather than practical approach towards protection. The party who relies on constitutional protection for intangible property will have to prove the existence of the right and argue the reasons why the right in question should be protected in terms of the property clause. The constitutional protection that could be accorded to virtual property would be in terms of either an established category of intellectual property or a commercial property interest. If virtual property cannot be recognised as a thing according to South African private law because it is incorporeal, an exception to the rule could be created, if necessary by legislation. Otherwise, it could be accepted that the incorporeal aspect of virtual things, as an exception to the rule, does not have to stand in the way of their recognition as property. It is concluded that virtual property will be recognised reasonably easily as property for purposes of constitutional protection, in other words against state interferences. Virtual property could be protected against both private and state interferences in private and constitutional law.<br>LLM (Private Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of adolescents, who have been exposed to violence, regarding the role of social support in their academic achievement. A qualitative, collective, within-site case study design was applied to obtain baseline data. The data was gathered through consecutive in-depth individual interviews with two male and six female adolescent learners (between 15 and 17 years of age) in a secondary school in Gauteng. Collages were furthermore used to assist participants with expressing their perceptions on the role that social support played in their academic achievement, despite being exposed to violence in their communities. The study was mainly informed by Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological systems theory, but in order to better understand the adolescent as an individual who functions within the ecological systems theory, Erikson’s psycho-social development theory as well as the theory of social support were integrated to understand this complex period of development. Interview data were analysed thematically, whilst shared analysis were utilised to give meaning to the visual data presented in the collages. The results indicate that encouragement to achieve, the provision of care and support to deal with problems in a proactive manner and enabling relationships with significant others facilitated academic achievement despite exposure to violence. Furthermore, positive self-talk, self-discipline and coping behaviours were identified as self-supportive behaviour that was perceived as enabling adolescents to achieve academically. The study indicates that adolescents who achieve academically despite exposure to violence, perceive social support as playing a significant role in the facilitation of academic achievement in these contexts of adversity. It is therefore recommended that significant others in the lives of adolescents should be informed about the important role that their supportive interactions play in the adolescent’s ability to maintain academic achievement. Further research could explore the viability of social support interventions in assisting adolescent learners to achieve their full academic potential, despite exposure to violence.<br>MA (Research Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

On dispose de deux notions de positivité pour les (1,1)-classes de cohomologies d'une variété complexe: l'effectivité numérique, induite par la positivité au sens de Lelong des formes différentielles, et la pseudoeffectivité, plus faible, induite par celle des courants. Dans une première partie, nous construisons des obstructions locales à l'effectivité numérique d'une classe pseudoeffective, ce qui permet de la décomposer en une partie nef en codimension un et un diviseur exceptionnel. Dans un second temps, nous nous intéressons au volume d'un fibré en droites, qui est un invariant mesurant sa positivité. Nous en donnons une interprétation en terme de géométrie différentielle, et nous montrons comment ce volume s'inscrit dans une théorie de l'``intersection mobile'', qui ne conserve que les parties numériquement effectives des classes de cohomologie. Finalement, nous étudions le cas des surfaces et des variétés hyperkähleriennes, pour lesquelles la géométrie de la forme d'intersection permet une description plus détaillée de ces constructions.

On généralise d'abord le théorème de prolongement $L^2$ d'Ohsawa-Takegoshi-Manivel au cas des jets de sections holomorphes d'un fibré en droites hermitien au-dessus d'une variété kählérienne faiblement pseudoconvexe. On donne ensuite une démonstration simple, en étudiant un courant de type $(1, 1),$ d'un résultat d'Uhlenbeck et Yau qui avait permis d'établir la correspondance de Kobayashi-Hitchin sur les variétés kählériennes compactes. Dans la troisième partie on étudie une conjecture sur l'existence de régularisations des courants quasi-positifs fermés, avec contrôle des masses de Monge-Ampère, qui permettrait d'obtenir une nouvelle caractérisation des variétés de Moishezon généralisant celles de Siu et de Demailly qui répondaient à la conjecture de Grauert-Riemenschneider. On donne une estimation uniforme de la perte de positivité dans le théorème de régularisation des courants de Demailly et on obtient une version effective de la génération globale des faisceaux d'idéaux multiplicateurs sur un ouvert pseudoconvexe de $(\bf C)^n.$

Breath is a perceptual practice, a form of listening, of attending. These words begin to mark out the unique space of this thesis. It is ‘written from the breath’, a stance that breaks free of the silencing of breath in contemporary language theory. Importantly, the thesis makes the large claim that the closing down of conceptual breathing spaces in the twentieth century parallels the asphyxiation of a spiritual connection with the world. This is seen by Helen Sharp, the author of this posthumous thesis, as ‘the loss of the profane halo’. Sharp acknowledges a debt to Georgio Agamben’s notion of the ‘Halo’ in The Coming Community as composed of a ‘tiny displacement’. She identifies such displacements as breath movement. ‘Each breath event develops as a potentiality of relationship where self is re-conceived and born anew in tiny little flutters…’ of each inhalation and exhalation. Here lies the core of her thinking where the movement of life surges forth in the ‘imperceptible trembling of the finite’. This, she writes, is equivalent to ‘the illuminated field of the breath as halo’. Moving into the realm of the artistic-poetic, the thesis itself comes to take on the character of a work of art. Its three edges are written dialogues, performance prologues, and breath practice including breath dialogue.

Abstract in English, Zulu and Sotho<br>The aim of this study is to consider the application of family group conferencing (FGC) as child justice intervention for children in conflict with the law. An exploratory qualitative approach was followed to provide insight into the perceptions of experts with regards to the suitability of FGC for South Africa and for children, as well as the current application of, and potential context and scope for the application of FGC as a South African justice intervention. Semi-structured interviews were used as the data collection tool. Accordingly, experts from diverse disciplines, to wit social work, psychology, criminology, law, and education (and sub-speciality in FGC and restorative justice), were interviewed telephonically, face to face or via video chat. The sample was collected using purposive sampling through perusal of research articles and academic electronic sites, as well as snowball sampling whereby potential participants were identified. The findings show that FGC is an ideal intervention within the South African criminal justice context, and more particularly for child justice. The inclusion of family was noted as specifically important in dealing with children, and within an Afrocentric, Ubuntu-laden, socio-cultural environment. Furthermore, the suitability of FGC to the South African child justice context was linked to victim support and inclusivity, reconciliation aims, cultural flexibility, and ability to support offenders yet hold them accountable without criminalisation. Findings reiterated that FGC is inclusive of support persons, whilst Victim-Offender Mediation (VOM) is not. Resultantly, and with due consideration for the importance of support persons in child related interventions, the necessity of an amendment to the Child Justice Act 75 of 2008 (CJA) - pertaining specifically to VOM - is advocated. Provisions for the implementation of FGC in a child appropriate manner were recommended, namely, adequate preparation; age, needs, and context consideration; maintenance of safety and respect of all parties; and adequate facilitation. The findings regarding the current application of FGC as a child justice intervention in South Africa evinced that it is rarely implemented due to a lack of funding and resources, hesitancy of criminal justice professionals, and a decrease in diversion referrals due to a lack of knowledge and poor performance of the South African Police Services (SAPS). With the aim of extending and promoting FGC, findings noted the necessity for awareness and educational campaigns for both community and criminal justice persons; a multi-dimensional approach whereby various disciplines, societal sectors, government, and civil society work collaboratively; and lastly the importance of the launch of South African Restorative Justice Accreditation Board (SARJAB), an accreditation board for restorative justice practitioners was noted. Recommendations with regards to the findings were made with calls for advocation, action and further research.<br>Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukubheka ukusebenza kwenqubo ye-family group conferencing (FGC) njengendlela yokungenelela ukusizana nezingane ezinqubuzana nomthetho. Kulandelwe inqubo ye-exploratory qualitative approach, ukuhlinzeka ngemibono yochwepheshe ngendlela ababona ngayo ukufaneleka kwe-FGC eNingizimu Afrika kanye nezingane, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwale nqubo manje, nokumumethwe yisimo kanye nokwendlaleka kwe-FGC njengenqubo yokusiza kwezomthetho nezinkantolo eNingizimu Afrika. Kusetshenziswe ama-semi-structured interviews njengethuluzi lokuqoqa ulwazi. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bemikhakha ehlukene, efana neye-social work, isayikholoji, i-criminology, umthetho nemfundo (umkhakhana kwi-FGC kanye nenqubo yokulungisa nokubuyisela kahle kwisimo kulabo abonelwe kwezobulungisa, kwenziwe ama-interview ngezingcingo, ukubhekana ubuso nobuso kanye nokwenza izingxoxo ngamavidiyo. Kuqokelelwe isampuli ngokusebenzisa i-purposive (ukufunda ama-atikili ezocwaningo kanye nama-sayiti esiakhademiki ngendlela ye-elektroniki) kanye nokwenza amasampuli ngendlela ye-snowball, lapho khona okwaphawulwa khona ababambi qhaza kucwaningo. Okutholakele kukhombisa ukuthi inqubo ye-FGC yiyo elungile kwinqubo yezomthetho nezinkantolo zobugebengu eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi lapho kubhekwane nomthetho nezinkantolo nobulungisa maqondana nezingane. Ukubandakanywa komndeni kuqashelwa njengento ebalulekile ekubhekaneni nezingane, kanti futhi kwinqubo ebonelela indlela yobu-Afrika, indlela egxile kubuntu kanye nokubonelela amasiko endabuko yesintu. Kanti futhi okunye, ukufaneleka kwenqubo ye-FGC kwisimo seNingizimu Afrika sokubhekana nenqubo yomthetho yobulungisa maqondana nezingane, kuxhumene nokusekelana nabonelwe zingane ngendlela eyongamelayo, izinhloso zokubuyisana, ukuguquguquka kwezendabuko kanye nekhono lokusekela abonile, kodwa ngendlela yokuqikelela ukuthi izingane zibhekana nezenzo zazo ngaphandle kokuzibona njengezigebengu. Lezi zinto ezitholakele ngocwaningo, ukuthi inqubo ye-FGC ibandakanya ukusekela abantu, kodwa inqubo yokuqikelela ukuthi kube nokubonisana nabonelwe ngenqubo ye-victim-offender mediation (VOM) ayikuboneleli lokhu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kanti futhi ngokubonelela ukubaluleka kokusekela abantu kwinqubo yokungenelela ukusizana nezingane, umcwaningi uphakamisa ukuthi kuchitshiyelwe umthetho wokubhekana nezinkantolo nezingane, umthetho we-Child Justice Act (CJA) 75 ka 2008 – oqondene nenqubo ye-VOM. Kunconywa izindlela zokusebenza nge-FGC ngendlela ebonelela izingane, ngokwenza amalungiselelo afanele; ukubonelela iminyaka yobudala, izidingo kanye nezimo; ukuqikelela ukuphepha kanye nenhlonipho yazo zonke izinhlangothi ezithintekayo, kanye nosizo ngokuxhumanisa. Okutholakele maqondana nokusetshenziswa kwamanje kwenqubo ye-FGC njengendlela yokungenelela ukusizana nezingane kwinqubo yezomthetho nezinkantolo eNingizimu Afrika kuyinqubo engasetshenziswa ngokwanele ngenxa yokusweleka kwezimali neminye imithombo yosizo, ukungabaza kulabo ababhekene nenqubo yezinkantol o nobulungisa; kanye nokuncipha kwenqubo yokubonelela ezinye izindlela ezakhaya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinkantolo maqondana nezingane, ngenxa yokusweleka kolwazi, ukungasebenzi ngezinga elifanele kwenqubo yezamaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika, abe-South African Police Services (SAPS). Ngenhloso yokunabisa kanye nokuqhubela phambili i-FGC, umcwaningi, uphawula isidingo sokuqwashisa kanye nemikhankaso yemfundo emiphakathini kanye nakubantu abasebenza ezinkantolo ezibhekana nobulungisa; inqubo enezinhlaka ezehlukahlukile, lapho kusetshenziswa khona imikhakha ehlukene, abantu besizwe, uhulumeni, izinhlangano zemiphakathi, ukuthi yonke le mikhakha isebenzisane; kanti okokugcina, ukusungula inhlangano yaseNingizimu Afrika ye-South African Restorative Justice Accredidation Board (SARJAB) ukuze abasebenza ngenqubo yobulungisa nokubuyisela okulungile kulabo abonelwe basebenzise yona. Izincomo maqondana nokutholakele kucwaningo kwenziwa ngokwenza isimemezelo sokugqugquzelela ukwenziwa kwenqubo, izinyathelo kanye nolunye ucwaningo.<br>Maikemisetso a patlisiso ena ya boithuto ke ho shebana le tshebediso ya seboka sa sehlopha sa lelapa (family group conferencing (FGC)) jwalo ka mohato ho toka ya ngwana bakeng sa bana ba iphumanang ba le kgahlano le molao. Ho latetswe katamelo ya phuputso ka boleng, ho fana ka lesedi mabapi le maikutlo a ditsebi hodima ho tshwaneleha ha FGC bakeng sa Afrika Borwa le bana ba yona, hammoho le tshebediso ya hajwale, le dikateng le bophara bo ka bang teng ba FGC jwalo ka mohato wa toka wa Afrika Borwa. Ho sebedisitswe diinthavu tse sa hlophiswang ka botlalo ho bokelletsa datha. Ka mokgwa oo, ditsebi ho tswa makaleng a fapaneng, a jwalo ka tshebeletso ya setjhaba, dithuto tsa kelello ya motho le mesebetsi ya yona, dithuto tsa botlokotsebe, molao le thuto (lekala le tlasana la FGC le toka ya puseletso), di ile tsa botswa dipotso ka mohala, mahlong kapa ka puisano ya vidiyo. Sampole e bokelleditswe ka mokgwa wa thero (purposive) (ho balwa ha dingolwa tsa dipatlisiso le diwebosaete tsa elektroniki tsa dithuto) hammoho le mokgwa wa disampole o bitswang snowball, moo teng bao e ka bang bankakarolo ba ileng ba hlwauwa. Diphetho di supa hore FGC ke mohato o loketseng boemo ba Afrika Borwa ba toka ditlolong tsa molao, haholo bakeng sa toka baneng. Ho kenyelletswa ha lelapa ho bonwa ho le bohlokwa ho fetisisa tshebetsanong le bana, le tikolohong ya boAfrika, e kgannwang ke setso le bophelo ba ubuntu. Ho feta moo, ho tshwaneleha ha FGC ditabeng tsa toka ya bana Afrika Borwa ho hokahanngwa le tshebetso ya mahlasipa le kenyelletso, maikemisetso a tshwarelano, ho fetoha ha setso le bokgoni ba ho tshehetsa batlodi ba molao, empa ba ntse ba jariswa maikarabello ntle le ho ba etsa ditlokotsebe. Diphetho di netefatsa hore FGC e kenyeletsa batho ba tshehetsang, ha puisano pakeng tsa lehlasipa le motlodi wa molao (VOM) ese jwalo. Ka lebaka leo, mme le ka ho nahanela bohlokwa ba batho ba fanang ka tshehetso mehatong e amanang le bana, mofuputsi o buelella ho fetolwa ha Molao wa Toka ya Bana (CJA) 75 ya 2008 – e amanang ka kotloloho le VOM. Ho kgothaletswa maemo a ho kenya FGC tshebetsong ka tsela e loketseng bana, ka boitokiso bo lekaneng; kamohelo ya dilemo, ditlhoko le dikateng; poloko ya tshireletseho le hlompho ya baamehi bohle; le tataiso e loketseng. Diphetho tse mabapi le tshebediso ya hajwale ya FGC jwalo ka mohato wa toka baneng Afrika Borwa di supa hore hase hangata e sebediswang ka lebaka la tlhokeho ya tjhelete le disebediswa, qeyaqeyo hara ditsebi tsa toka botlokotsebeng, le phokotseho ya diphetiso ka lebaka la ho hloka tsebo le tshebetso e mpe lehlakoreng ya South African Police Services (SAPS). Ka maikemisetso a ho atolosa le ho phahamisa FGC, mofuputsi o lemosa tlhoko ya tsebo le matsholo a thuto bakeng sa setjhaba le batho ba sebetsang ka toka botlokotsebeng; katamelo ya makala a mangata moo makala a fapaneng, dikarolo tsa setjhaba, mmuso le setjhaba ba sebetsang mmoho; mme qetellong, bohlokwa ba ho theha Boto ya Toka ya Puseletso le Tlhwao ya Afrika Borwa (South African Restorative Justice Accreditation Board (SARJAB)) bakeng sa basebeletsi ba toka ya puseletso. Dikgothaletso tse mabapi le diphetho di etswa ho ntse ho kotjwa tshehetso, ketso le dipatlisiso tse eketsehileng.<br>Criminology and Security Science<br>M.A. (Criminology)