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Academic literature on the topic 'LEMON'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "LEMON"

Mieszkalski, Leszek. "Geometrical Model of Lemon Fruit." Agricultural Engineering 21, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2017-0020.

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AbstractA proposal of a mathematical method of modelling of the lemon shape with Bézier's curves was presented. Lisbon, Verna, Genoa lemon cultivars were selected for verification of the modelling method. The lemon contour, which is its meridian, was described with three smoothly combined Bézier's curves. Pictures taken in 10 locations changing every 36o were the basis for description of lemon contours. Bézier's curves, which approximate meridians located on the surface of lemons, are their 3D models. The presented method may be applied for mathematical modelling of the lemon shape.

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Wang, Shuyang, Qianjun Li, Tao Yang, Zhenghao Li, Dan Bai, Chenwei Tang, and Haibo Pu. "LSD-YOLO: Enhanced YOLOv8n Algorithm for Efficient Detection of Lemon Surface Diseases." Plants 13, no. 15 (July 26, 2024): 2069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13152069.

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Lemon, as an important cash crop with rich nutritional value, holds significant cultivation importance and market demand worldwide. However, lemon diseases seriously impact the quality and yield of lemons, necessitating their early detection for effective control. This paper addresses this need by collecting a dataset of lemon diseases, consisting of 726 images captured under varying light levels, growth stages, shooting distances and disease conditions. Through cropping high-resolution images, the dataset is expanded to 2022 images, comprising 4441 healthy lemons and 718 diseased lemons, with approximately 1–6 targets per image. Then, we propose a novel model lemon surface disease YOLO (LSD-YOLO), which integrates Switchable Atrous Convolution (SAConv) and Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM), along with the design of C2f-SAC and the addition of a small-target detection layer to enhance the extraction of key features and the fusion of features at different scales. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed LSD-YOLO achieves an accuracy of 90.62% on the collected datasets, with mAP@50–95 reaching 80.84%. Compared with the original YOLOv8n model, both mAP@50 and mAP@50–95 metrics are enhanced. Therefore, the LSD-YOLO model proposed in this study provides a more accurate recognition of healthy and diseased lemons, contributing effectively to solving the lemon disease detection problem.

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Du, Yuxia, Jinxue Li, Jianmei Dong, Chengxiao Hu, Danping Li, Qiling Tan, Jinzhi Zhang, et al. "Effects of Different Regulating Measures on the Floral and Nutritional Physiology of Lemon." Agronomy 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2022): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12102381.

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Lemon is an important economic crop in the world and can bloom several times each year. The Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province is one of the main lemon-producing areas in China, and is a suitable area for planting high-quality lemons in China. However, the hot and rainy summers in Yunnan are not conducive to flower bud differentiation, which leads to low lemon yield. Therefore, normal flower bud differentiation is important to guarantee lemon production and quality. In this study, we selected some lemon trees for a pot experiment, and we sprayed the lemon leaves with gibberellin and paclobutrazol to regulate lemon flower formation. We set four separate concentration gradients for each regulator: 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L. The PBZ concentration gradients were 200, 400, 600, and 1200 mg/L. After the experiment, we determined and analyzed the morphological index and fruit quality of the lemon trees. The results showed that under the same cultivation and management conditions, spraying paclobutrazol substantially inhibited the growth of lemon shoots, increased the fruit setting rate, and improved the fruit yield. However, gibberellin considerably reduced the number of lemon flowering branches and promoted the vegetative growth of the lemons. When the concentration of paclobutrazol was 600 mg/L, the amount of lemon fruits reached the maximum, which remarkably increased the titratable acid and soluble solids contents of the fruit and ultimately increased the fruit quality compared with the control. Altogether, selecting the appropriate concentration of regulators to control the flowering and fruit setting of fruit trees is important and has value in guiding actual production.

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Bekmirzaevich, Saimnazarov Yuldash, and Ibadullaev Khusniddin Ibadulla O‘G‘Li. "The Microclonal Propagation Of The Meyer Variety Of Lemon Under In Vitro Conditions." American Journal of Agriculture and Biomedical Engineering 03, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajabe/volume03issue12-09.

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The article describes the technology of micro-clonal propagation of lemon Meyer variety in vitro. In vitro, the stages of sterilization, culture, branching, rooting of lemons in the propagation of the Meyer variety of lemon were studied. Different ratios of MS nutrient medium and different concentrations of auxin and cytokinin to the development of lemon exclusions were elucidated.

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Herlina, Listri, Andre Suryaningprang, and Ridma Meltareza. "OPTIMIZATION OF MARKETING CHANNELS TO INCREASE BUSINESS INCOME OF LEMON FARMERS IN LEMBANG, INDONESIA." Inaba of Community Services Journal ( Inacos-J) 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56956/inacos.v1i1.23.

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West Bandung Regency, West Java has various types of agricultural products. One of the agricultural products produced is lemon. From the time the pandemic occurred at the end of 2019 until it peaked in 2020 and 2021 demand for lemons increased by 81%. However, at this time in 2022, there is a 50% decrease in demand which has resulted in the income of lemon farmers dropping significantly. One of the causes of the decline in demand is that lemon farmers only focus on a few regular consumers who order large quantities of lemons, as a result, when market demand falls, these consumers will automatically lower their orders. In addition, farmers are unskilled in marketing lemons because they are only used to relying on a few consumers, which makes their garden yields pile up, causing losses. The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimization of effective marketing channels so as to increase the income of lemon farmers.

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Vashpanov, Yuriy, Gwanghee Heo, Yongsuk Kim, Tetiana Venkel, and Jung-Young Son. "Detecting Green Mold Pathogens on Lemons Using Hyperspectral Images." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041209.

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Hyperspectral images in the spectral wavelength range of 500 nm to 650 nm are used to detect green mold pathogens, which are parasitic on the surface of lemons. The images reveal that the spectral range of 500 nm to 560 nm is appropriate for detecting the early stage of development of the pathogen in the lemon, because the spectral intensity is proportional to the infection degree. Within the range, it was found that the dominant spectral wavelengths of the fresh lemon and the green mold pathogen are 580 nm and 550 nm, respectively, with the 550 nm being the most sensitive in detecting the pathogen with spectral imaging. The spectral intensity ratio of the infected lemon to the fresh one in the spectral range of 500 nm to 560 nm increases with the increasing degree of the infection. Therefore, the ratio can be used to effectively estimate the degree of lemons infecting by the green mold pathogens. It also shows that the sudden decrease of the spectral intensity corresponding to the dominant spectral wavelength of the fresh lemon, together with the neighboring spectral wavelengths can be used to classify fresh and contaminated lemons. The spectral intensity ratio of discriminating the fresh lemon from the infected one is calculated as 1.15.

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Badiche-El Hilali, Fátima, Beatriz Medeiros-Fonseca, Jéssica Silva, Ana C. Silvestre-Ferreira, Maria João Pires, Rui M. Gil da Costa, Francisco Peixoto, Paula A. Oliveira, and Daniel Valero. "The Effect of Lemon Juice (Citrus limon L.) Treated with Melatonin on the Health Status and Treatment of K14HPV16 Mice." Antioxidants 13, no. 5 (May 10, 2024): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050588.

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Lemon is a fruit rich in antioxidant properties and has several health benefits, namely the reduction of skin edema and anticarcinogenic properties, which are due to its high content of bioactive compounds. Melatonin can improve and preserve the properties of lemon for longer and also has health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of oral administration of lemon juice after melatonin treatment on murinometric parameters of wild-type (WT) mice and transgenic mice carrying human papillomavirus (HPV). Two trials were performed for oral administration of the lemon extract compound: in drinking water and in diet. First of all, lemons were treated by immersion with melatonin at 10 mM. Then, lemons were squeezed, and the juice obtained was freeze-dried and stored to be subsequently added to drinking water or diet, according to the assay. Thus, mice were divided into eight groups in the drink assay (each with n = 5): group 1 (G1, WT, control), group 2 (G2, WT, 1 mL lemon), group 3 (G3, WT, 1.5 mL lemon), group 4 (G4, WT, 2 mL lemon), group 5 (G5, HPV16, control), group 6 (G6, HPV16, 1 mL lemon) group 7 (G6, HPV16, 1.5 mL lemon) and group 8 (G6, HPV16, 2 mL lemon). The diet assay was divided into four groups: group 1 (G1, WT, control), group 2 (G2, WT, 4 mL lemon), group 3 (G3, HPV16, control) and group 4 (G4, HPV16, 4 mL lemon). In the drink assay, the highest concentration of melatonin (308 ng/100 mL) was for groups 4 and 8, while in the food assay, there was only one concentration of melatonin (9.96 ng/g) for groups 2 and 4. Both trials lasted 30 days. During this time, body weight, food and water were recorded. Afterward, they were sacrificed, and samples were collected for different analyses. At the concentrations used, the lemon juice with melatonin had no adverse effects on the animals’ health and showed a positive outcome in modifying weight gain and enhancing antioxidant activity in mice. Moreover, a reduction in the incidence of histological lesions was observed in treated animals. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of lemon extract on health and treatment outcomes in this animal model.

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Freeman, B., P. Broadbent, and P. Nicholls. "Evaluation of rootstocks for five lemon scions in replant ground." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 6 (1986): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860751.

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In an experiment planted in 1971 at the Horticultural Research Station, Somersby, N.S.W., nucellar lemons (Lambert and Taylor Eureka, Villafranca and Prior Lisbon) and 1 old-line cultivar carrying exocortis (Monroe Lisbon) were compared on 5 rootstocks (Troyer citrange, Narara Rough lemon, Rangpur lime, Smooth Seville and trifoliate orange). In the second experiment, planted in 1973, 2 nucellar lemon scions (Taylor Eureka and Prior Lisbon) were compared on 16 rootstocks (4 Rough lemons, 4 Smooth and 1 Rough Seville, New Guinea citron, citremon 1449, Poorman orange, 3 citranges and trifoliate orange). Eureka lemon selections on Troyer citrange and trifoliate orange rootstocks exhibited symptoms of yellow ring incompatibility. Eureka lemon, however, was compatible with Benton citrange; cumulative yield and cropping efficiency were high and tree canopies dense and compact. Trees on Narara and Watkins selections of Rough lemon had high cumulative yields but their size and vigour made harvest difficult. One of the red Rough lemon selections (57-228-502) produced a high yielding and more manageable compact tree with a large proportion of summer crop fruit. Prior Lisbon lemon on trifoliate orange was a medium-sized, compact tree with high cropping efficiency and good juice quality. Villafranca performed well on all rootstocks except Smooth Seville. The results are discussed with respect to planting densities, proportion of summer and main crop fruit and juice yield and quality.

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Damayanthi, Ni Putu Desy, IGKG Puritan Wijaya ADH, Ni Nyoman Utami Januhari, I. Made Surya Adi Putra, I. Gusti Agung Indra Muliawan, I. Putu Kusa Satrialandipa Putra, Komang Nova Triana Putra, I. Made Bhaskara Gautama, I. Nyoman Rudy Hendrawan, and I. Made Arya Budhi Saputra. "Pelatihan Pembuatan Desain Kemasan Produk Pada UKM Sari Ne Lemon." Journal of Community Development 2, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/comdev.v2i2.50.

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Sari Ne Lemon in East Denpasar is an UKM that is active in lemon cultivation. The lemon plantation owned by Sari Ne Lemon is located in Pelaga Village, Petang District, Badung Regency. Although the lemon plantation is currently still in the village of Petang, the production and sales center is located in East Denpasar. Initially the results of the cultivation of lemon plantations were only in the form of lemons that had not undergone further processing. Currently, Sari Ne Lemon has developed lemon juice into packaged lemon juice. In its effort to develop lemon juice products, Sari Ne Lemon encountered difficulties in terms of packaging and marketing. The packaging owned by Sari Ne Lemon is still very simple, namely lemon juice is packaged and sold in plastic bottles. Therefore, the resulting product has not been able to compete in the industrial market. This service activity aims to find and implement solutions to the problems experienced by partners. Packaging that is only in the form of plastic bottles without labels will be changed into 2 types of packaging, namely labeled plastic bottle packaging and labeled plastic press glass packaging. With the activities of making branding and training on packaging of processed lemon juice products, it will produce products that have higher competitiveness and selling value. UKM Sari Ne Lemon has been helped by the successful development of their new product packaging through packaging design and implementation in 14 oz glass cups and small plastic bottles.

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Amelia, Julfi Restu, Fildzah Hashfi Safitri, Giyatmi Giyatmi, and Intan Nurul Azni. "Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Tropical Citrus Fruits (Juice and Peels)." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 13, no. 1 (February 22, 2024): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i1.242-249.

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Tropical citrus fruits contain important bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties such as antioxidant and antibacterial properties. This study provided comparative data on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of tropical citrus (local lemons, imported lemons, and limes) juice and peel. Antioxidant activity of citrus fruits was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and expressed as IC50. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against pathogens (E. coli, B. subtilis, S. aureus) using agar diffusion method. The results showed that very strong antioxidants were detected in domestic and imported lemon juice (33.45 ppm; 31.43 ppm) and peel (15.89 ppm; 44.50 ppm). However, lime juice and peel had stronger antioxidant activity (60.35 ppm and 59.54 ppm). The highest zone of inhibition was observed against S. aureus and the lowest was recorded against E. coli. The diameters of the zones of inhibition of local lemon, imported lemon, and lime juice against S. aureus were 26.40 mm, 27.95 mm, and 27.31 mm; E. coli was 15.64 mm, 16.84 mm, and 16.63 mm; and B. subtilis was 17.88 mm, 21.77 mm, and 21.24 mm, respectively. Tropical citrus juice showed higher activity against Grampositive than Gram-negative bacteria tested. Local lemon, imported lemon, and lime peels did not inhibit E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. aureus. Keywords: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Lemon, limes, Tropical citrus

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LEMON"

Zerkoune, Mohammed, Glenn Wright, David Kernz, and William McCloskey. "Organic Lemon Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/226074.

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This experiment was initiated in March 2000 to study the feasibility of growing organic lemon in the desert southwest of Arizona. A ten-acre field planted to lemons in 1998 was selected on Superstition sand at the Yuma Mesa Agricultural Research Center. The initial soil test in top 6 inches was 5 parts per million (ppm) NO₃⁻ and 4.9-PPM NaHCO₃⁻-extractable P. Soil pH was 8.7 in the top 6 inches. Seven treatments were applied in randomized complete block design repeated three times. The treatments were control, compost and clover, compost and perfecta, compost and steam, manure and clover, manure and perfecta and manure and steam Leaf tissue analysis indicated that nitrate level was significantly influenced by treatment. Organic insect control treatments for citrus thrips were as equally effective as the non-organic commercial standards.

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Goosen, Dominique. "Factors influencing fruit shape in lemons (Citrus limon L.)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52842.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lemons with an elongated fruit shape achieve premium prices in certain discerning markets. Factors influencing the fruit shape of lemons were investigated to fmd means to produce a crop with a higher percentage of elongated lemons. Intra-plant factors were investigated to understand the variation in fruit shape within a single tree and even within the same fruit cluster. Bearing position (leafy vs. leafless inflorescences) and position in the canopy (inside vs. outside) were taken into consideration, along with the number of seeds, number of segments and rind thickness in the center of the fruit as well as stem- and stylar-ends. Bearing position and position in the canopy had no effect on fruit shape, while the number of seeds was positively correlated with elongated lemons. Rootstocks were evaluated to determine the influence of rootstock type on fruit shape. Twelve rootstocks were evaluated in total, at Addo, Citrusdal and Nelspruit. At all three locations rootstock type had no or little influence on fruit shape. Different scions were also evaluated at both Addo and Citrusdal to determine whether a certain scion characteristically produces elongated fruit. A total of 20 different scions were evaluated, and as opposed to rootstocks, there were larger variations between scions. Of the commercially-produced scions, 'Fino' lemon had the least variation, producing elongated lemons more consistently than 'Lisbon' and 'Eureka' lemons. Of the other scions, 'Cicily' lemon produced fruit with the smallest L:D ratio, while 'Vema' lemon was the scion producing fruit with the largest L:D ratio. 'Vema' lemon is, however, not an attractive fruit, having a thick rough rind. In the case of grapefruit, unwanted "sheepnosed" fruit with thick rinds are common in areas with a low winter temperature at night. 'Eureka' lemon fruit from six different climatic areas were compared to evaluate the difference in fruit shape. Cooler areas, such as Vaalharts, had more elongated fruit than areas with a higher winter temperature, such as Nelspruit. Altering lemon fruit shape was also attempted by chemical manipulation, usmg gibberellin, cytokinin or auxin containing products. Promalin® (GA4+7, BA), Accet" (GA4+7, BA), Corasil E® (2,4-D), Provide® (GA4+7) and ProGibb® (GA)) were sprayed at different times and different concentrations. Promalin'" was partly successful in altering fruit shape, but these changes were not large enough from a commercial point of view. Promalin'" also resulted in a lower percentage fruit set. Accel'", Corasil E®, Provide® and ProGibb® were not successful in altering fruit shape favorably, with Corasil E® having a strong thinning effect.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Fakore wat die verlenging van suurlemoene beïnvloed Suurlemoene met 'n verlengde vrugvorm behaal hoë pryse in sekere markete. Faktore wat die vrugvorm van suurlemoene beïnvloed is bestudeer om praktyke te vind wat die produksie van verlengde suurlemoene kan verhoog. Intra-plant faktore is bestudeer om die variasie in vrugvorm binne 'n enkele boom en ook in dieselfde vrugtros te verstaan. Dra-posisie ("wit" en "groen" blomme) asook posisie in die boom (binnevrugte vs. buitevrugte ) is in aanmerking geneem. Die invloed van die hoeveelheid sade en segmente per vrug, asook skil dikte in die middle van die vrug en aan stingel- en kelkkant is ook bestudeer. Dra-posisie en posisie van vrug in die boom, het geen invloed op vrugvorm gehad nie, terwyl die hoeveelheid sade per vrug die beste met vrugvorm gekorreleer was. Die invloed van onderstam tipe op vrugvorm is ook geëvalueer. Vrugvorm van twaalf onderdstamme in totaal is te Addo, Citrusdal en Nelspruit ondersoek. By al drie areas is klein verskille in vrugvorm van verskillende onderstamme opgemerk. Saam met die onderstamme is 20 seleksies te Addo en Citrusdalondersoek, om te bepaal of 'n sekere seleksie 'n karakteristieke verlengde vrugvorm openbaar. In teenstelling met onderstamme, is groter variasie tussen seleksies gevind. Vandie kommersiële kultivars, het 'Fino' suurlemoen die minste variasie openbaar en deurgans verlende vrugte gelewer, terwyl 'Lisbon' en 'Eureka' suurlemoene groter variasie gehad het. Vandie ander seleksies, het 'Cicily' suurlemoen geneig om vrugte met die kleinsteL:D verhouding te lewer, terwyl'Vema' suurlemoen deurgans vrugte met 'n groter L:D verhouding gelewer het. 'Vema' suurlemoen is egter nie 'n aantreklike vrug nie, aangesien dit 'n dik skil het. In die geval van pommelos word ongewenste vrugte met 'n "skaapneus" vorm algemeen aangetref in areas met 'n lae mininmum winter temperatuur. Vrugvorm van 'Eureka' suurlemoene van ses verskillende klimaats areas is vergelyk. Koeler areas, soos Vaalharts, het meer verlengde vrugte gehad, terwyl Nelspruit met 'n hoër winter temperatuur, ronder vrugte produseer het. Daar is ook gepoog om suurlemoen vrugvorm te manipuleer d.m.v. chemiese bespuitings. Ouksiene, gibbereliene en sitokiniene asook kombinasies daarvan, is gebruik. Promalin® (GA4+7, BA), Accel® (GA4+7,BA), Corasil E® (2,4-D), Provide® (GA4+7) en ProGibb® (GA3) is by verskillende tye en verskillende konsentrasies gespuit. Promalin® was gedeeltelik suksesvol in verlenging van vrugte, maar die veranderinge was te klein uit 'n kommersiële oogpunt. Promalin® het ook tot uitdunning van vrugte gelei. Accel", Corasil E®, Provide® en ProGibb® was nie suksesvol in verandering van suurlemoen vrugvorm nie. Corasil E®het tot strawwe vruguitdunning gelei.

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Sanchez, Charles A., and Glenn Wright. "Response of Lemon to Micronutrient Fertilization." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197971.

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A study was initiated in the spring of 2003 to evaluate the response of lemons to soil and foliar applied micronutrients for two growing season (2003-2005). Soil applied Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu was applied in sulfate form and B as Solubor in shallow holes around the skirt of each tree. Foliar applied micronutrients were all applied as “Metalosate” products. Lemon leaf tissue analyses show marginal levels of Zn, Mn, and Cu throughout the study. In 2003-2004, soil fertilization sometimes increased leaf nutrient composition but there was no effect to foliar fertilization. In 2004-2005, ,leaf B and Zn increased to soil fertilization and leaf Mn and Cu increased to foliar fertilization Overall, there were no significant differences in yield or quality to micronutrient fertilization in either growing season.

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Kerns, David L., and Tony Tellez. "Residual activity of insecticides to citrus thrips on lemon foliage." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222511.

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The residual activity of insecticides to second instar citrus thrips was measured on lemon foliage in 1998. In April, Dimethoate and Agri-Mek provided only knockdown control of thrips, dropping to <70% mortality by 3 days after treatment (DAT). Baythroid performed slightly better, providing 95% mortality 3 DAT, but by 7 DAT was giving about 74% mortality. Alert, Carzol, Success and AZEXP-2 provided the longest residual activity, lasting 7 days, but began to slip at 14 DAT. AZEXP-1 induced only 74% 0 DAT. Although, residual activity in general was greater in June than April, however this increase in residual activity did not necessarily increase the length of commercially acceptable residual. Agri-Mek and Dimethoate still only provided knockdown activity, and Baythroid was still giving 3 days of good activity. AZEXP-1 performed much better following the June application relative to the April application, providing 3 days of adequate activity. Although we are not certain the reason for this result, it maybe due to the adsorption properties of this chemical relative to leaf physiology. Alert performed similarly in June and April, and Carzol, Success and AZEXP-2 each lasted about 1 week longer.

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Matheron, Michael E., and Martin Porchas. "Biology and Control of Lemon Tree Wood Rot Diseases." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223658.

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Brown heartwood rot is commonly found in mature lemon groves in southwestern Arizona. Two basidiomycete fungi, Antrodia sinuosa and Coniophora eremophila, have been isolated from symptomatic trees. A major difference between the two pathogens is that Antrodia forms spore-producing fruiting bodies on infected wood within lemon groves, whereas fruiting on lemon wood infected by Coniophora has not been observed. A third fungus, a species of Nodulisporium, recently was recovered from small dead lemon tree branches with an internal white wood rot. Experiments were conducted to compare the severity of wood rot caused by each of these pathogens. The highest rates of wood decay for each pathogen occurred from May through October, when the mean length of wood decay columns for Antrodia, Coniophora and Nodulisporium was 183, 94 and 146 mm, respectively, and the mean air temperature was 29°C. In comparison, the mean length of wood decay columns from November through April for the same pathogens was 35, 18 and 38 mm, respectively, with a mean air temperature of 17°C. When inoculated with Antrodia, Coniophora or Nodulisporium, the length of wood decay columns on 40- mm-diameter branches was 26, 38 and 24% larger, respectively, compared to wood decay on 10-mm-diameter branches. The length of wood decay columns on inoculated Lisbon lemon was always numerically greater than that on tested orange, grapefruit and tangelo trees. Compared to lemon, wood decay columns ranged from 45 (on grapefruit) to 62 %( on orange) shorter when inoculated with Antrodia, 52 (on orange) to 59% (on tangelo) for Coniophora and 20 (on tangelo) to 51% (on grapefruit) for Nodulisporium. Compared to non-treated branches, suppression of wood decay in the presence of a test fungicide ranged from 28 to 79% for Antrodia, 77 to 91% for Coniophora and 71 to 92% for Nodulisporium. For each pathogen, the lowest numerical degree of wood rot suppression occurred in the presence of trifloxystrobin (Flint), whereas the highest level of suppression was observed with propiconazole (Break). On greasewood, mesquite, Palo Verde and salt cedar, the length of wood decay columns ranged from 20 to 60 mm when inoculated with Antrodia, 1 to 63 mm for Coniophora and 24 to 90 mm for Nodulisporium. For all three wood-rotting fungi, resultant wood decay columns were always much greater on lemon compared to tested desert-dwelling plants. Current disease management strategies include minimizing branch fractures and other non-pruning wounds as well as periodic inspection of trees and removal of infected branches, including physical removal of all wood infected with Antrodia from the grove site.

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Kerns, David L., and Tony Tellez. "Residual Activity of Insecticides to Citrus Thrips on Lemon Foliage." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223838.

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The residual activity of insecticides to second instar citrus thrips was measured on lemon foliage in 1998 and 1999. Dimethoate, Agri-Mek and acetamiprid provided only knockdown control of thrips, dropping to <70% mortality by 3 days after treatment (DAT). Baythroid performed slightly better, providing about 95% mortality 3 DAT during three of the evaluation periods, but by 7 DAT was giving about 75% mortality. Alert, Carzol, and Success provided the longest residual activity, lasting 7 to 14 DAT. Residual activity in general appeared to be greater in the May and June evaluation, relative to the April evaluation. The apparent shorter residual activity under cooler condition in April 1998 is not understood but maybe due to a difference in the physiological nature of the leaves earlier in the season.

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Matheron, Michael E., and Martin Porchas. "Studies of the Biology and Control of Brown Heartwood Rot on Lemon Trees in 2000." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/226093.

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Brown heartwood rot is commonly found in mature lemon groves in southwestern Arizona. Two basidiomycete fungi, Antrodia sinuosa and Coniophora eremophila, have been isolated from symptomatic trees. Similarities between the two pathogens include the following: each fungus grows optimally at 30 to 35°C, neither organism produces a fleshy fruiting body, they colonize lemon trees primarily through branch fractures and other non-pruning wounds, and both cause a brown wood rot in infected trees. A major difference between the two pathogens is that Antrodia forms spore-producing fruiting bodies on infected wood within lemon groves, whereas fruiting on lemon wood infected by Coniophora has not been observed. The rate of wood decay in lemon branches inoculated with Antrodia is at least three times greater than that caused by Coniophora. Wood decay columns produced by either fungus from late spring to early autumn were at least three times larger than those that developed from late autumn to early spring. When inoculated with either pathogen, the length of wood decay columns on branches 10 mm in diameter was numerically smaller than those on branches 20 and 40 mm in diameter. Wood decay on Lisbon lemon branches inoculated with either Antrodia or Coniophora was significantly greater than that on Marsh grapefruit, Orlando tangelo, and Valencia orange. Treatment of lemon branch inoculation sites with azoxystrobin or propiconazole at 20 g of active ingredient per liter of solution reduced the resultant length of wood decay columns by 61 and 77%, respectively, for Antrodia, and 92 and 85%, respectively, for Coniophora. When selected desert plants were inoculated, Antrodia produced wood decay columns on Palo Verde, salt cedar, greasewood, and mesquite branches that were much shorter than those recorded on Lisbon lemon branches. On the other hand, Coniophora produced longer wood decay columns on salt cedar and mesquite than on Lisbon lemon, whereas wood rot on lemon was greater than that on Palo Verde and greasewood. Current disease management strategies include minimizing branch fractures and other non-pruning wounds, and periodic inspection of trees and removal of infected branches, including physical removal of all wood infected with Antrodia from the grove site.

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Al-Kateb, Huda M. "Aroma characteristics of some lemon-flavoured herbs." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421604.

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Wright, Glenn C., and Marco A. Peña. "Lemon Rootstock Trials in Arizona – 2002-03." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198117.

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In a rootstock evaluation trial planted in 1993, five rootstocks, ‘Carrizo’ citrange, Citrus macrophylla, ‘Rough Lemon’, Swingle citrumelo and Citrus volkameriana were selected for evaluation using 'Limoneira 8A Lisbon' as the scion. 1994-2002 yield and packout results indicate that trees on C. macrophylla, C. volkameriana and ‘Rough Lemon’ are superior to those on other rootstocks in both growth and yield. C. macrophylla is outperforming C. volkameriana. For the second year in a row, ‘Rough Lemon’ trees performed similarly to C. macrophylla and better than C. volkameriana. ‘Swingle’ and Carrizo’ are performing poorly. In two other rootstock evaluation trials, both planted in 1995, C. macrophylla and/or C. volkameriana are outperforming other trifoliate and trifoliate-hybrid rootstocks under test.

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Wright, Glenn C., and Marco A. Peña. "Lemon Rootstock Trials in Arizona – 2005-06." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/198101.

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Books on the topic "LEMON"

illustrator, Pyŏn Ki-hyŏn 1978, ed. Lemon t'uri: Lemon tree. Sŏul: Munhak Segye Aeni Puk, 2008.

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Brown, James. Lemon. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 1999.

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Michael, Harvey, and Wild Hawthorn Press, eds. Lemon. Little Sparta]: Wild Hawthorn Press, 1994.

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Small, Lass. Lemon. Richmond, Surrey: Silhouette Desire, 1995.

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Weinberger, Jane D. Lemon drop. Mt. Desert, Me: Windswept House, 1985.

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Mrabet, Mohammed. The lemon. San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1986.

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Kelder, Cralan. Lemon Red. 3rd ed. Clonmel, Tipperary, Ireland: Coracle, 2005.

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Sauze, Corinne. Lemon éclipse. Paris: Velours, 2013.

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Ulfah, Fazruli Rifkyana. Lemon cake. Banguntapan, Jogjakarta: DIVA Press, 2012.

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Slee, Richard. Lemon 1988. [Harrow]: [Harrow College of Higher Education], 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "LEMON"

Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "lemon." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 318. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_5954.

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Herzog, Leslie J. "MAKING LEMON BARS OUT OF LEMONS." In Accelerating New Food Product Design and Development, 235–45. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd and the Institute of Food Technologists, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119149330.ch15.

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Dhir, Sanjay, and Sushil. "Lemon Tree." In Flexible Systems Management, 127–45. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7064-9_8.

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Charles, Denys J. "Lemon Balm." In Antioxidant Properties of Spices, Herbs and Other Sources, 371–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4310-0_34.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Lemon Yellow." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 424. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6868.

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Jideani, V. A., and I. A. Jideani. "Lemon and Lime." In Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, 377–97. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118324097.ch20.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Oil of Lemon." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 501. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_8150.

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Roque, Craig San. "The Lemon Tree." In Cultural Complexes in Australia, 36–60. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003400653-3.

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Kaur, Avneet, Sukhvinder Singh Purewal, Arashdeep Singh Randhawa, Chidanandamurthy Thippeswamy Swamy, Bikash Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, and Ravinder Kumar. "Lemon and Lime." In Recent Advances in Citrus Fruits, 1–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37534-7_1.

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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon grass)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 786. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_289.

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Conference papers on the topic "LEMON"

Vidas, Timothy, and Nicolas Christin. "Sweetening android lemon markets." In the third ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2435349.2435378.

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Angelova, Violina. "HEAVY METAL ACCUMULATION AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF LEMON BALM (MELISSA OFFICINALIS L.) CULTIVATED ON HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.2020.287.

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Comparative research has been conducted to allow us to determine the content of heavy metals and chemical composition of lemon balm oils, as well as to identify the possibility of lemon balm growth on soils contaminated by heavy metals. The experimental plots were situated at different distances of 0.5 km, and 15 km, respectively, from the source of pollution the Non-Ferrous-Metal Works (MFMW) near Plovdiv, Bulgaria. On reaching the flowering stage the lemon balm plants were gathered. The content of heavy metals in leaves of lemon balm was determined by ICP. The essential oils of the lemon balm were obtained by steam distillation in laboratory conditions which were analyzed for heavy metals and chemical composition was determined. Lemon balm is a plant that is tolerant to heavy metals and can be grown on contaminated soils. Heavy metals do not affect the development of lemon balm and the quality and quantity of oil obtained from it. Forty components were identified in the oils. The quantity of identified compounds corresponds to 98.82-98.83% of the total oil content. Among the detected compounds, beta-citral (neral) (19.31-20.78%), alfa-citral (geranial) (18,65-19,12%), β-caryophyllene (14.76-16.28%), α-cadinol (3.88-4.74%), geranyl acetate (3.49-3.59%), trans-geraniol (3.40-3.51%), germacrene (3.18-3.28%), citronellal (2.94-3.03%), nerol (2.63-2.71%), neryl acetate (2.42 -2.49%) were the major compounds. The essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. can be a valuable product for farmers from polluted regions.

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J, Lekha, Suryaprabha D, Saraswathi S, and Noel Thomas. "Lemon Quality Detection Using CNN." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Communication, IoT, Data Engineering and Security, IACIDS 2023, 23-25 November 2023, Lavasa, Pune, India. EAI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.23-11-2023.2343188.

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Garg, Vaibhav. "A Lemon by Any Other Label." In 7th International Conference on Information Systems Security and Privacy. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010295205580565.

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Khalfi, Mustapha, Ouafae Nahli, and Arsalane Zarghili. "Classical dictionary Al-Qamus in lemon." In 2016 4th IEEE International Colloquium on Information Science and Technology (CIST). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cist.2016.7805065.

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Mladenović, Jelena, Đorđe Jovanović, Nenad Pavlović, Milena Đurić, Ljiljana Bošković-Rakočević, and Jasmina Zdravković. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LEMON GRASS EXTRACTS." In 1st INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOTECHNOLOGY. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt28.509m.

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The plant lemon grass (Aloisia citrodora) was used as material in this work. The percentage of dry matter, organic acids and cellulose, was determined from the fresh plant material. Extracts are obtained from chopped dry lemongrass leaves. Extraction was done by maceration, Soxhlet and ultrasound. The content of extracted matter in the obtained extracts was determined, as was the content of vitamin C.

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Naufalina, Mira, Yusrina Abida, Fathimah Fathimah, and Indahtul Mufidah. "Nutrient Comparation between Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) and Lemon Fruit (Citrus lemon L.) Infused Water." In Proceedings of the U-Go Healthy International Conference, U-Go Healthy 2020, 29 March 2020, Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.29-3-2020.2314916.

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Declerck, Thierry, and Stefania Racioppa. "Porting Multilingual Morphological Resources to OntoLex-Lemon." In Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing. Incoma Ltd., Shoumen, Bulgaria, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-056-4_027.

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Kumar, Vijay, and Nirmal K. Viswanathan. "Is Monstar topologically the same as lemon?" In SPIE OPTO, edited by Enrique J. Galvez, Jesper Glückstad, and David L. Andrews. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2078087.

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Patil, Shreya P., Lincy Meera Mathews, Arvind Kumar G, Sanchi B. Motgi, and Utkarsh Sinha. "AI-Driven Hydroponic Systems for Lemon Basil." In 2023 International Conference on Network, Multimedia and Information Technology (NMITCON). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nmitcon58196.2023.10276316.

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Reports on the topic "LEMON"

Bierdel, Aimé, Andres Drenik, Juan Herreño, and Pablo Ottonello. Illiquid Lemon Markets and the Macroeconomy. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w31711.

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Hartman-Glaser, Barney, and Benjamin Hébert. The Insurance is the Lemon: Failing to Index Contracts. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25450.

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Vidas, Timothy, and Nicolas Christin. Sweetening Android Lemon Markets: Measuring and Curbing Malware in Application Marketplaces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582390.

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Agan, Amanda, Matthew Freedman, and Emily Owens. Is Your Lawyer a Lemon? Incentives and Selection in the Public Provision of Criminal Defense. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24579.

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Nelson, Nathan, and Randy Schekman. Functional Biogenesis of V-ATPase in the Vacuolar System of Plants and Fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7574342.bard.

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The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is one of the most fundamental enzymes in nature. It pumps protons into the vacuolar system of eukaryotic cells and provides the energy for numerous transport systems. Through our BARD grant we discovered a novel family of membrane chaperones that modulate the amount of membrane proteins. We also elucidated the mechanism by which assembly factors guide the membrane sector of V-ATPase from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. The major goal of the research was to understand the mechanism of action and biogenesis of V-ATPase in higher plants and fungi. The fundamental question of the extent of acidification in organelles of the vacuolar system was addressed by studying the V-ATPase of lemon fruit, constructing lemon cDNAs libraries and study their expression in mutant yeast cells. The biogenesis of the enzyme and its function in the Golgi apparatus was studied in yeast utilizing a gallery of secretory mutants available in our laboratories. One of the goals of this project is to determine biochemically and genetically how V-ATPase is assembled into the different membranes of a wide variety of organelles and what is the mechanism of its action.The results of this project advanced out knowledge along these lines.

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Gibbons, Robert, and Lawrence Katz. Layoffs and Lemons. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2968.

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House, Christopher, and Jing Zhang. Layoffs, Lemons and Temps. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17962.

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Hu, Luojia, and Christopher Taber. Layoffs, Lemons, Race, and Gender. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11481.

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Bebchuk, Lucian Arye, and Marcel Kahan. The 'Lemons Effect' in Corporate Freeze-Outs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6938.

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MacLeod, W. Bentley, and Miguel Urquiola. Anti-Lemons: School Reputation and Educational Quality. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15112.

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Academic literature on the topic 'LEMON'

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Journal articles on the topic "LEMON"

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Books on the topic "LEMON"

Book chapters on the topic "LEMON"

Conference papers on the topic "LEMON"

Reports on the topic "LEMON"