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Academic literature on the topic 'Lémuriens – Madagascar (île)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lémuriens – Madagascar (île)"
Viguier, Bénédicte. "Disparité morphologique crânienne et mandibulaire des primates malgaches : compromis entre adaptations et contraintes du développement." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOS064.
Full textThe Malagasy primates have a high taxonomic diversity associated with a high level of ecologic and phenotypic diversity that is characteristic of an adaptive radiation. The phylogenetic signal is overwhelmed by a high level of homoplasy that obscures the phylogenetic relationships among the group. Some homoplasic traits are analyzed through the description and the interpretation of the morphological disparity (geometric morphometrics) in order to improve our understanding of the radiation. Influences of biogeography, diet, activity rhythm, age, and size are successively tested in small samples and then at the level of the Lemuriformes. The results of this doctoral thesis show the high determinism of functional specializations and developmental constraints on the morphology, regardless of the phylogeny. The comparison of data from diversity and disparity proves that the selectivity of the holocene extinction applied to size, but not to functional specializations linked with adaptations
Harpet, Claire. "Le lémurien dans les groupes linguistiques du nord-ouest de Madagascar et du sud de Mayotte : éléments pour une anthropologie de la biodiversité." Paris, INALCO, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176057.
Full textPorteous-Slaweska, Isabelle. "Maladies, démographie et variabilité génétique dans des petites populations isolées de mammifères ; application à la conservation du lémur catta à Madagascar." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR4006.
Full textQuéméré, Erwan. "Génétique du paysage de populations fragmentées de lémuriens à Madagascar : conservation du propithèque à couronne dorée (Propithecus tattersalli) dans la région de Daraina." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/642/.
Full textSince habitat fragmentation reduces the size of habitat patches and decreases their level of connectivity, this process is among the greatest threats faced by species in tropical regions. Here, we studied the case of the golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli), a rare and threatened species of lemur from northeastern Madagascar, whose populations are only found in a small and highly fragmented forest habitat. This socially-organized species, endemic to the Daraina area, was only discovered twenty years ago (Simons, 1988) and little is know about its resiliency to the growing habitat openness. To provide relevant information to set up appropriate conservation strategies for this species, we 1) studied its distribution and assessed the density of its main populations and 2) characterized its global genetic structure isolating new specific microsatellites and collecting faeces from 403 putative individuals (118 social groups) sampling in the whole distribution area. The results of the demographic analyses suggest a large heterogeneity of density among surveyed forest patches (between 34 and 90 individuals/km²) and a total species size between 11,000 and 26,000 individuals and most likely above 18,000 individuals. Combining spatial and genetic analyses, we showed that the Manankolana River is the main geographical feature shaping P. Tattersalli 's genetic diversity, and that it probably played a role as a barrier to gene flow whereas the national road does not seem to strongly impede the dispersal of individuals. Our results also suggested a strong influence of the isolation by distance and a weak influence of the forest habitat structural connectivity on dispersal patterns at the landscape scale even though one of the population in north of the distribution area is highly differentiated suggesting a strong local impact of habitat fragmentation. At the resource patch scale, we found that individuals within social groups are closely related and that most of the dispersal events occur between adjacent social groups as suggested by behavioural information (Meyers, 1993). Lastly, the study of the P. Tattersalli demographic history revealed that the populations underwent a bottleneck at a period between 1500 and 3000 years ago leading to a drastic reduction of effective population size (from several thousand individuals to a few hundred individuals per population). .
Wilmé, Lucienne. "'Biogeographic Evolution of Madagascar's Microendemic Biota' : analyse et déconstruction." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAG050/document.
Full textPleistocene paleoclimatic oscillations have had a major influence on the hydrological balance in Madagascar, from the scale of individual sites to watersheds. Water availability is one of the major component for the life of plants and animals life. Based on previous research published in 2006, a model is considered which has been enriched, and encompasses ecological and geomorphological features in the context of changing climate to identify areas where water remained available during the driest periods, but also how availability increased again when climatic conditions become warmer and wetter. This model is applied to a portion of Western Madagascar encompassing the Tsiribihina and Mangoky watersheds and the Central Menabe center of endemism to describe the mechanism leading to landscape-Level evolution and especially the distribution patterns observed today of some of the island’s endemic animal species, comparing narrowly vs. broadly endemic taxa
Ratrimoarivony, Mialy Nirina. "La Lémurie, Terre des Esprits : les enjeux spatio-culturels d'une réappropriation de l'identité autochtone à Madagascar : étude sur des sites sacrés naturels de Kalanoro, Zazavavindrano et Vazimba." Bordeaux 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR30065.
Full textThe spirit of Lemuria is based on the respect of life under all its expressions : spirit, human, nature. In Madagascar, those values are best embodied by the natural sacred sites, territories of the Manankasina, spirits of the nature. The forest and caves of the Kalanoro, streams, lakes and springs of the Zazavavindrano, aquatic and ground spaces of the Vazimba, are then protected and governed by taboos and rituals. But this “land of the spirits” is also a “land of the ancestors”. The Manankasina, maintain relations with their descendants, the Malagasy people, and organize indigenous communities between tompon-drano, managers of the water, and tompon-tany, managers of the land. This study tries to redefine the spatial and cultural bases of the Malagasy Mother-Land, and analyses their evolution, facing centralist and profaner colonial migrations. It specifies the functioning of the indigenous territory, by using a methodology of approach based on oral tradition (myths, tales, proverbs) and the study of the rites and the spiritual structures, connected with the natural space. It is a comparative work which evokes ancient submerged continents as Lemuria, and arouses reflections about the preservation of a cultural foundation of Gondwana
Raveloson, Herimalala. "Contribution à l'étude de la variabilité morphologique du squelette crânien et à l'étude comparative de la morphologie externe de l'appareil génital chez les Lemuridae (Lenuriformes, primates)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MNHN0001.
Full textQuantification of the outlines of the whole skull in superior view and of the mandible in lateral view, as well as that of the areas of the skull and its components in superior view were realized. We analysed in this way 8 of the 9 species of Lemuridae (Lemuriformes, Primates). Morphometric markers discriminated 6 of the 8 species. Relationships between the form of the skull and the diet were established. The intraspecific variability is described, including a high variability in Lemur catta. Comparative study of the external female genitalia showed the close phylogenetic relationships between Hapalemur species and Lemur catta. The morphology of female external genitalia and the cranial morphological traits of Eulemur rubriventer appear to be unique; the latter ones seem not to be related to the dietary habits