Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lendu (Peuple d'Afrique) – Conditions économiques'
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Ndiaye, Mame Birame. "Représentations socio-économiques et culturelles des migrants seereer à Dakar et création de l'association Ndef Leng : Analyse sociologique et perspectives de développement." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070006.
Full textSeereer traditional society is a peasant society based on subsistence farming. For a long time its main activity was millet, sorghum and corn farming, together with extensive livestock farming. Agricultural surpluses were made possible thanks to soil fertility and abundance of rain. Since the 1930's this society experienced profound social, economic and cultural mutations. First, through the introduction of cash crop peanut farming, then through the displacement of population policy from densely populated areas to less populated ones, and finally through the colonial legacy of independent Senegal. The progressive exhaustion of soils due to overexploitation combined with population pressure led to difficult access to land. The capital city of Senegal, Dakar, thus turned into the final destination of this population at risk. Despite harsh living conditions, leading to the creation of the federation of Seereer NGO's in Dakar, "Ndef Leng", which aims also at promoting the culture and endangered language of the Seereer, migration flows, involving all age groups, have not been stemmed
Wambat, François. "Esquisse d'histoire économique et sociale des Yamunzombo de l'Oubangui : Centrafrique, Congo, Zai͏̈re (du milieu du XVIIe à la fin du XXe siècle)." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010519.
Full textNacièle, Somé Valère. "Anthropologie économique des Dagara du Ghana et du Burkina Faso : lignages, terres et production." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081149.
Full textThe dagara society, as far as its social and economic patterms are concerned, is a linear and segmental society among many others in africa. Its specificity is to have in its different ethnic subgroups the whole lot of lineage patterns : patrilinear lineage, double lineage from one line (bifiliation emphasizing the patrilinear or the matrilinear side). In the following study, we have put an emphasis on the perspectives peculiar to economic anthropology. We endeavour more in stuying : - the relations that the production agents set up not only between themselves but also between ant the nature, the production conditions. In short, we mean to study what, according to marx, consists precisely in the society from economic structure vewpoint. The perspectives, characteristic of the cultural and religious anthropology, have not been neglected for all that. Our purpose is to study the social and economic organisation of the dagara, from its present reality to speculatively infer its previous working order, that is, its situation before colonization. The present changes in the dagara society, despite the interest they show, have not been systematicaly analysed as part of the present study. To understand the economic law of the dagara society, we explained our processes in three main parts, besides the annexes which are compiled in a separate volume (cf. Volume iii). The first part deals with the people, their land and history. It forms the subject of volume i. The second part (volume ii. Book i) deals with dagara as "people of the lineage". The third part (volume ii. Book ii) is dedicated to the dagara as "people of the land". Finally, the conclusion endeavours in studying the linking of the lineage production method with the capitalistic production one and looks into the future of the african rural communities
Issaley, Nana Aïchatou. "L'élevage dans un contexte de communalisation au Niger : entre enjeux économiques et enjeux politiques : cas du département de Gouré et des éleveurs peuls." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0471.
Full textThis work focus on livestock in a communalization context in Niger, this study highlights the economic and political stakes for both a commune and a social group. With the establishment of the communes, livestock became the primary source of funding for local budget. The communes rely on the taxes levied on the cattle to fund their activities. As a result, in pastoral area, a livestock market conditions not only how well some communes are managed, but also their own existence. While Peullivestock holders provide the communes with significant resources, what are they receiving in return? Peul pastoralists now believe that entering the political arena is the most efficient way to have access to public resources, be heard by the communes and even the state. This renewed interest in politics translated into the involvment of peul in local politics, illustrating how a social minority emerges in the political arena. In addition to this involvment in politics and as they try to influence the communes, the Peul of Goure use a social and economic resistance, a form of market boycott they refer to as dangol pulaaku
Anokye, Gabriel. "Eucharistie et libération en Afrique noire : le cas des Ashanti du Ghana." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040032.
Full textBacuez, Pascal. "Les paysans de la mer : travail et changements en pays swahili." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H048.
Full textChendjou, Kouatcho Nganso Jean-Joseph. "Les Bamileke de l'Ouest Cameroun, pouvoirs, économie et société, 1850-1916 : la situation avant et après l'accentuation des influences européennes." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010616.
Full textThibaud, Bénédicte. "Les milieux sahéliens de l'intérieur de la boucle du Niger : dynamique actuelle des sociétés et des écosystèmes (Mali central)." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30056.
Full textNowadays, in mali, the sahelian ecosystems and more precisely the oriental dryland of the inner delta of the niger give prominence to such unstability that the scientific community mentions a state of crisis. The sahelian people, rural for more than 90 per cent, have been affecting since 1970 by a demographic expanding phase, especially the cultivator's group. Unfortunely, the incrisis population's' need can't be provided now. In fact, the 1970 years corresponds with a lock of precipitations so important that the fragile ecosystems have been deteriored. Nowadays, ther is an upset balance between the population and their environnemt; it is the result of actual inadequate survive strategies and it can found expression in great instability between potential environnemt and its exploitation as the case may be. Someties, the degradation is so important that the future of these areas is compromised
Ngbakpwa, Te Mobusa. "Histoire des Ngbandi du Haut-Ubangi (des origines à 1930)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212883.
Full textLegros, Hugues. "Chasseurs d'ivoire: histoire du royaume yeke (Shaba, Zaïre) des origines à 1891." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212658.
Full textLia, Christophe. "Les Bekwil de la Ngoko-Sangha: approche anthropologique des ECI "interdits"." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211861.
Full textHenriques, Isabel de Castro. "Commerce et changement en Angola au XIXe siècle : Imbangala et Tshokwe face à la modernité." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010510.
Full textAfter the 16th century, Angola history linked both trade and slavery for commercial purposes and could not fonction without the merchandise considered legitimate by the europeans. Thus the angolan transition to modernity, in the 19th century, follows the evolution of slave trading and as this trade is subject to questioning and progressively abolished in Europe, the Angolan structures develop in an attempt to maintain african hegemonies against various challenges. The african production now proposes new merchandise, imposing new relations to the europeans. The long distance trade, first african then international, beings about changes as well as the modernization of the production agents, whilst exerting influence on political organizations. Of such, the imbangala and the tshokwe, both of lunda origin, are the perfect example. They become the agents of change and the europeans' privileged interlocutors, thus making way for the definition of the conditions of african hegemony as well as its, inevitable, wasting away
Damourette, Olivier. "Garissa, la fin du voyage : poids de l'histoire et rôle de l'aide dans la sédentarisation des Somali de la North Eastern Province du Kenya." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20051.
Full textSince the beginning of the Nineties East of Kenya knows a strong growth of migrations. Initially related to the refugees fleeing the war which devastated close Somalia, they are now the fact of Somali herders of Kenya. It is easy to see in the migration the consequence of droughts and other climatic hazards. But, it is often forgotten that the Somali are accustomed to compose with the elements and that their very fine knowledge of the medium doubled of a great adaptability their made it possible to settle in these inhospitable regions. To understand why more than 50. 000 people came to fix itself in one decade in the bullas around Garissa (village of 29. 000 inhabitants to the census of 1989) it is necessary to relativize the place of the climatic risks to propose the real causes of the faintness of the nomads. The emergence of a crisis of the pastoralism during the twntieth century and, recently, the acceleration of the shifts in the population by the presence of the assistance are indeed elements impossible to circumvent for which wants to include/understand why thousands of nomads give up the pastorale life. We are indeed in this area of Kenya in front of a crisis of the pastoral world, which largely exceeds the framework of the economic situation. The process in progress clarifies the pangs of the nomadism and the consequences of the assistance on the local economies. The major crisis that currently the Somali of Kenya face bursts at the great day at the time of climatic risks, when the nomads, weakened, do not have any more an other alternative but the installation downtown. It raises consequently multiple questions about the future of this population, often perceived of an evil eye because of the history of the province, and the violent changes which the nomads must face in this migration of the last chance
Homolle, Patrick. "D'une rive à l'autre : un jeu d'espaces et de formes : associations villageoises dans la région de Kayes au Mali." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H016.
Full textA process of multiple exchanges has been established between migrants native to the Kayes region - an area which has been characterised by the extreme mobilily of its population throughout its history - living in France in a specific type of residence called foyers (hostels) and their villages. This study undertakes to describe this phenomenon using the project of the “village associations” and the resulting modifications in the village space. The question of development is inherent in all these projects. Beyond what could be revealed by the capture of one universe by another or the borrowing of one or another form in either of the two spaces, the projects attempt in their on way to organise compatibilities between the different perspectives of seeing the world and different senses. These projects also take into account the people’s homecoming whose belonging to the “in-between universe” has changed their relationship with the village. The latter can no longer be thought of without referring to the migrant”. In an ethnological context, by going back and forth beteen the finers and the villages. This studv tries to capture the movement in ail its complexity
Minko, Mve Bernardin. "La société gabonaise entre tradition et post-modernité : hétéroculture et dysculturation." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2003.
Full textStructures of welcome of co-residence, co-descendance and co- transcendance are henceforth recogniz d as workshops of apprenticeship of the socialization. This recognition being acquise, it remains a stage again more difficult for cross : the determination of approaches to realize a modernity that would be based on lived it Fang-Ntumu and would draw its force in their aspirations. It is this sense that has to be gauged the contribution of this book. .
Cogels, Serge. "Les Ntumu du Cameroun forestier: une société de non-spécialistes. Système de production, stratégies d'acquisition des ressources et enjeux du changement." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211489.
Full textLukumay, Joseph John. "Maasai's livelihoods transformation and changes : the case of Monduli (North Tanzania)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20081.
Full textMaasai lifestyles and livelihoods have been undergoing various changes like other persons but pastoralism has remained their core livelihood activity. However, the current situation is different. They are no longer able to relay solemnly on pastoralism as their main livelihood activity and others have exited pastoralism and opted for other livelihoodAmong the forces exerting changes in pastoralism are policies on land tenure and land uses which were created and implemented by governments at different times. Kuney (1994) report that about 60% of the former Maasai grazing land in Tanzania has been put under intensive agricultural production. Attainment of education increased exposure to other livelihoods styles created ideological shifts especially among the youths with regard to relevance, rationale, sustainability, and feasibility of pastoralism as a livelihood activity in the current context
Engone, Ndong Callixte. "La communauté hausa du Gabon, 1930-1990 : le commerce et l'islam dans la construction de son identité en région d'Oyem et sa marginalisation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26062.pdf.
Full textGeslin, Philippe. "La mer, la terre et le palétuvier : technologie et transfert de techniques : l'exemple du sel chez les Susu de Guinée." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA018.
Full textTechnological transfers have always been current and essential actions in the story of societies. They are constituting one of the most important vector in the understanding of social groups relations. Thus the way people are bringind them into play, as well as their consequential effects are answereable to social anthropology. Technological transfer may fully form the subject of an ethnographic approach, as religion, economy and kinship. It is a social phenomenon which brings us into the heart of technological choices and transition processes. Linking the logic of different social systems, it is creating strong interactions between individuals and groups. In the first part the thesis we are describing and analysing the emergence conditions of a technological choice (salt production) in a susu community before the arrival of an ngo's program in which we were participating. This first stape respects the rule of the anthropology monographic approach. In regard to the social context we described in the first part, the second part deals with the anthropological implication modalities in such a program, knowing that in regard to the ethnographic and french ergonomic methodologies (we named anthropotechnology), we wanted to help in the conception of technical processes focusing more on the providers and users than on the pure technical aspect itself
Roulon-Doko, Paulette. "Une société d'autosubsistance et d'abondance alimentaire dans la savane centrafricaine : les Gbaya 'Bodoe." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H027.
Full textThis research focuses on the global phenomenon of food production among the gbaya 'bodoe a people of the western central African Republic. It is an ethnolinguistic study which associates native speech (both everyday speech and cultural speech (tales and proverbs) and direct ethnographic observation. In so doing it aims to capture the cultural realities underlying the linguistic organization of meaning, and seeks to reveal cognitive and symbolic values beyond the language itself. A short presentation of the gbaya 'bodoe language brings out the phonological and syntactical elements necessary to understand the text of the examples. The reste of the study is divided into four sections: - knowledge and organization of the natural environment (time and space) ; - food production (hunting, gathering and farming) ; - cooking and food preparation ; - consumption of food ; each of these sections associates linguistic expression, conceptual organization and symbolic values. Analysis reveals extensive knowledge which is not explicitly expressed by speakers, but constitutes an immense body of common knowledge of which everyone possesses all the pieces, like a puzzle, but which is never completely assembled at one time. This study seeks to put the pieces of the puzzle together. Cooking is here seen as a true art practiced by all, and a social means of communication. A gbaya-french vocabulary covering the 3500 items mentioned completes the study
Kabemba, Assan. "Les formations socio-économiques du Maniema et le [sic] leur évolution sous l'impact des Arabo-swahili, Ca 1830-1930." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213420.
Full textLubana, Ngiyene Emena. "L'organisation de la société paysanne et la situation du mouvement associatif coopératif dans le Tiers Monde: l'interface entre les associations rurales .le cas du Bas-Zaïre." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213113.
Full textOuld, Amar Ahmed. "Contribution à une étude socio-économique de la pauvreté rurale: le cas de la communauté du lac de Maal (région du Brakna, Sud-Ouest de la Mauritanie)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212126.
Full textKande, Badibanga Dieudonné. "Les Luluwa et l'occidentalisation (cas de transformations sociales à partir de l'impact colonial)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211361.
Full textDéverin, Yveline. "Le corps de la terre : Moose de la région de Ouagadougou : représentations et gestion de l'environnement." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010652.
Full textThis doctor's thesis principally uses the methods of ethnoscience. The social and human sciences (philosophy, ethnology, anthropology and sociology), when based on ethnolinguistics and applied from a geographical perspective, help us understand the relations between people and their environment. The mossi see the world as being in their likeness and at their service. The world comprises not only "nature" but also space and time, which are defined and measured with regard to mankind. This anthropomorphic and anthropocentric conception enables the geographer to understand certain practices having to do with the management of the environment. It also helps him explain the way the mossi are seen by their non-mossi neighbors. This geographical approach sheds light on the homogeneity and coherence of an original way of thinking that structurally unites the conception of mankind and the conception of the world. In fact, it unites them so closely that image cannot be distinguished from object. In ougadougou but also in rural areas, major changes are occurring in the values governing behaviors. Tradition is adapting to these new exigencies. However the mossi logic is still functional, because it is tied to fundamental representations of the bonds that unite people both among themselves and to their environment. This dualism helps explain several reactions: what is a priori. .
Solly, Hilary. ""Vous êtes grands, nous sommes petits": the implications of Bulu history, culture and economy for an Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP) in the Dja Reserve, Cameroon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211362.
Full textZigba, Daniel. "Navigation et échanges commerciaux chez les riverains du bassin supérieur de l'Oubangui : (XIXe et XXe siècles))." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100098.
Full textLong distance and regional exchanges constituted the two types of circulation of goods in the Ubangi basin (central Africa) between the nineteenth and the twentieth century. The river people of the upper Ubangi had segmented the river into several zones of economic influence, in which the dominant clans had the monopoly in the food producing and crafts trade. From the end of the nineteenth century, the gradual introduction of money and market has altered the nature of these exchanges and resulted in important economic and social changes. The river is in the center of all activities. It is both the source of supply and the main way for trade. Since the river is an important socio-economic stake, i is the object of desire from the nearby agricultural people who have turned to fishing and trade. The management of space accounts for the unequal access to natural resources, the mechanism of acquirement of goods, the sharing-out of profits as well as the antagonisms in the relationship between the different members of the communities. The relation that the production groups have with the environment has an influence on the supply of products which are essential to regional exchanges. Social relations are greatly influenced by the relations with the environment. Within each community under groups have cropped up ; some in charge of production (especially the organization of fishing), other in charge of exchanges and the sharing-out of profits between the members of the community. Those exchanges are not only economically oriented but they also foster an internal social cohesion, essential to the perpetuation and the reputation of the community at large