Academic literature on the topic 'Lenina (Leningrad, R.S.F.S.R.)'

Методами поляризационных и импедансных измерений изучено анодное поведение Mn5Si3-электрода в растворах (0.5–3.0) М NaОН в области от E коррозии до E выделения кислорода включительно. Сделан вывод, что поверхность силицида марганца в щелочном электролите обогащена металлическим компонентом сплава и продуктами его окисления. Установлены кинетические закономерности анодного поведения Mn5Si3, выяснены механизмы растворения и пассивации силицида, определены кинетические параметры реакции выделения кислорода. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Samsonov G. V., Dvorina L. A., Rud' B. M. Silitsidy [Silicides]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1979, 272 p. (in Russ.) Agladze G. R., Kveselava V. M., Koiava N. Sh. V sb.: Elektrokhimiya margantsa [In: Manganese Electrochemistry], Tbilisi, AN GSSR Publ., 1978, vol. 7, pp. 118–126. (in Russ.) Shein A. B., Zubova E. N. Protection of Metals, 2005, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11124-005-0034-z Nikolaichuk P. A., Shalyapina T. I., Tyurin A. G. Vestnik YuUrGU, 2010, no. 31, pp. 72–80. (in Russ.) Okuneva T. G., Panteleeva V. V., Shein A. B. Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2016, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 383–393. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_18_3_2016_009.pdf (in Russ.) Polkovnikov S., Panteleeva V. V., Shein A. B. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Khimiya, 2017, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 250–259. (in Russ.) Sukhotin A. M., Osipenkova I. G. Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii, 1978, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 830–832. (in Russ.) Agladze R. I., Domanskaya G. M. V sb.: Elektrokhimiya margantsa, Tbilisi, AN GSSR Publ., 1957, vol. 1, pp. 503–514. (in Russ.) Agladze I., Domanskaya G.M. Zhurnal prikladnoi khimii, 1951, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 917–514. (in Russ.) Petriashvili L. D. V sb.: Elektrokhimiya margantsa [In: Manganese Electrochemistry], Tbilisi, AN GSSR Publ., 1978, vol. 7, pp. 127–137. (in Russ.) Poirbaix M. Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous solutions. Oxford, Perqamon Press, 1966, p. 664. Sukhotin A. M. Spravochnik po elektrokhimii [Handbook of Electrochemistry]. Leningrad, Khimiya Publ., 1981, 488 p. (in Russ.) Remi G. Kurs neorganicheskoi khimii [Course of Inorganic Chemistry]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1972, 824 p. (in Russ.) Myamlin V. A., Pleskov Yu. V. Elektrokhimiya poluprovodnikov [Electrochemistry of Semiconductors]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1965, 338 p. (in Russ.) Gel'd P. V., Sidorenko F. A. Silitsidy perekhodnykh metallov chetvertogo perioda [Transition Metal Silicides of the Fourth Period]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1981, 632 p. (in Russ.) Keddam M., Lizee J.-F., Pallotta C., Takenouti H. Electrochem. Soc., 1984, vol. 131, no. 9, p. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2116010 Hepel M., Tomkiewicz M. Electrochem. Soc., 1985, vol. 132, no. 1, p. 32. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2113786 Rabinovich V. A., Khavin Z. Ya. Kratkii khimicheskii spravochnik [Brief Chemical Hand Book]. Leningrad, Khimiya, Publ., 1978, 392 p. (in Russ.) Polkovnikov I. S., Shaidullina A. R., Panteleeva V. V., Shein A. B. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Khimiya, 2018, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 325–341. DOI: 17072/2223-1838-2018-3-325-341 (in Russ.) Odynets L. L., Orlov V. M. Anodnye oksidnye plenki [Anodic Oxide Films]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1990, 200 p. (in Russ.) Popov Yu. A. Teoriya vzaimodeistviya metallov i splavov s korrozionno-aktivnoi sredoi [Theory of Interaction of Metals and Alloys with a Corrosive-active Medium]. Moscow, Nauka Publ, 1995, 200 p. (in Russ.)

Методом синхротронной спектроскопии ближней тонкой структуры края рентгеновского поглощения (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure – XANES) проведена диагностика массивов столбиков никеля, случайным образом распределенных в слое SiO2 на подложке кремния. Столбики никеля были получены методом электрохимического осаждения металла в поры матрицы диоксида кремния, сформированные трековым методом. Латентные треки формировались путем облучения слоя SiO2 тяжелыми ионами золота на ускорителе института Хан-Майтнер (Берлин, Германия). Методом растровой электронной микроскопии установлены особенности заполнения пор металлом, показана специфика образования столбиков Ni, их морфология (поверхность и сколы). Для исследований электронно-энергетического строения массивов Ni столбиков методом XANES использовалось высокоинтенсивное синхротронное излучение ультрамягкого рентгеновского диапазона накопительного кольца BESSY II Гельмгольц Центра Берлин. Путем анализа локального окружения атомов никеля и кислорода по данным синхротронного метода XANES изучена специфика фазового состава поверхностных слоев, включая интерфейс столбик-матрица. Возможное образование фазы силицида никеля показано лишь при определенных режимах формирования массивов столбиков, в случае частичного разрушения матрицы диоксида кремния и при контакте металла с подложкой Si. Изучена специфика естественного окисления поверхности гетероструктуры столбик никеля - диоксид кремния. ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта РФФИ (проект №18-32-01046 мол_а) и при частичной поддержке Миниcтеpcтва обpазования и науки Pоccийcкой Федеpации в pамкаx гоcудаpcтвенного задания ВУЗам в cфеpе научной деятельности на 2017–2020 гг. – пpоект № 16.8158.2017/8.9. БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ Авторы работы выражают благодарность Директору и администрации Гельмгольц Центра Берлин, а также Координаторам Российско-Германской лаборатории и каналов синхротрона BESSY II Гельмгольц Центра Берлин. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Herino R. Sci. Eng. B, 2000, vol. 69-70, pp. 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5107(99)00269-X Sasano J., Murota R., Yamauchi Y., Sakka T., Ogata Y. H. Electroanal. Chem., 2003, vol. 559, pp. 125-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0728(03)00383-8 Rumpf K., Granitzer P., Pölt P., Reichmann A., Krenn H. Thin Solid Films, 2006, vol. 515, pp. 716-720. https://doi.org/1016/S0022-0728(03)00383-810.1016/j.tsf.2005.12.182 Granitzer P., Rumpf K., Krenn H. Thin Solid Films, 2006, vol. 515, pp. 735-738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2005.12.259 Fink D., Alegaonkar P. S., Petrov A. V., Wilhelm M., Szimkowiak P., Behar M., Sinha D., Fahrner W. R., Hoppe K., Chadderton L. T. Instr. Meth B, 2005, vol. 236, pp. 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.243 Ivanou D. K., Streltsov Е. A., Fedotov A. K., Mazanik A. V., Fink D., Petrov A. Thin Solid Films, 2005, vol. 490, pp. 154-160. https://doi.org/1016/j.tsf.2005.04.046 Ivanova Yu. A., Ivanou D. K., Fedotov A. K., Streltsov Е. A., Demyanov S. E., Petrov A. V., Kaniukov E. Yu., Fink D. Materials Science, 2007, vol. 42, pp. 9163–9169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1926-x Ragoisha G. A., Bondarenko A. S., Osipovich N. P., Rabchynski S. M., Streltsov E. A. Electrochimica Acta., 2008, vol. 53, pp. 3879-3888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.09.017 Turishchev S. Yu., Parinova E. V., Fedotova J. A., Mazanik A. V., Fedotov A. K., Apel P. Yu. Condensed Matter and Interfaces, 2013, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 54-58. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_15_1_2013_010.pdf (in Russ.) Erbil A., Cargill III G. S., Frahm R., Boehme R. F. Rev. B, 1988, vol. 37, pp. 2450-2465. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.37.2450 Turishchev S. Yu., Terekhov V. A., Nesterov D. N., Koltygina K. G., Parinova E. V., Koyuda D. A., Schleusener A., Sivakov V., Domashevskaya E. P. Condensed Matter and Interfaces, 2016, V. 18, no. 1, pp. 130-141. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_18_1_2016_014.pdf (in Russ.) Chuvenkova O. A., Domashevskaya E. P., Ryabtsev S. V., Yurakov Yu. A., Popov A. E., Koyuda D. A., Nesterov D. N., Spirin D. E., Ovsyannikov R. Yu., Turishchev S. Yu. Physics of the Solid State, 2015, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 153-161. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783415010072 Turishchev S. Yu., Terekhov V. A., Koyuda D. A., Ershov A. V., Mashin A. I., Parinova E. V., Nesterov D. N., Grachev D. A., Karabanova I. A., Domashevskaya E. P. Semiconductors, 2017, vol. 51, no. 3 pp. 349-352. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063782617030241 Kasrai M., Lennard W. N., Brunner R. W., Bancroft G. M., Bardwell J. A., Tan K. H. Surf. Sci., 1996, vol. 99, pp. 303-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(96)00454-0 Fedotova J., Saad A., Ivanou D., Ivanova Yu., Fedotov A., Mazanik A., Svito I., Streltsov E., Tyutyunnikov S., Koltunowicz T. N. Electrical Review, 2012, vol. 88, pp. 305-308. Zimkina T. M., Fomichev V. A. Ultrasoft X-ray spectroscopy. Leningrad, LGU Publ., 1971, 132 p. Stohr J. NEXAFS Spectroscopy. Springer, Berlin, 1996, 403 p. Regan T. J., Ohldag H., Stamm C., et al. Rev. B, 2001, vol. 64, p. 214422. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.64.214422 Barranco A., Yubero F., Espinós J. P., Groening P., González-Elipe A. R. Appl. Phys., 2005, vol. 97, p. 113714. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1927278 Domashevskaya E. P., Storozhilov S. A., Turishchev S. Yu., Kashkarov V. M., Terekhov V. A., Stognei O. V., Kalinin Yu. E., Sitnikov A. V., Molodtsov S. L. Physics of the Solid State, 2008, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783408010253 Terekhov V. A., Turishchev S. Y., and Domashevskaya E. P. / Ed. Sattler Klaus D. Systems of Silicon Nanocrystals and their Peculiarities (Chapter 5). Silicon Nanomaterials Sourcebook. Volume Two. Hybrid Materials, Arrays, Networks, and Devices. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2017, 45 p.

Измерены спектры поглощения пара монохлорида индия, находящегося в состояниях насыщенного и ненасыщенного пара относительно расплава InCl в присутствии расплава металлического индия. Спектры исследованы в интервале длин волн 200 – 400 nm и диапазоне температур 225 – 850 °C. Показано, что в этих условиях пар состоит из молекул InCl и в пределах чувствительности эксперимента не содержит других молекулярных форм хлоридов индия. В ходе нуль-манометрического эксперимента найдена температурная зависимость ln pInCl = = – A/T + b давления насыщенного пара в трехфазном равновесии LIn – LInCl – V, параметры которой составили: A = – 10255 ± 69 К, b = 10,95 ± 0.08 (давление – относительно стандартного 1 atm). Показано, что угловой коэффициент A хорошо согласуется с угловым коэффициентом температурной зависимости коэффициента поглощения ln Tk() = – A/T + B() при различных длинах волн. Это позволяет рассматривать высокотемпературную спектрофотомерию пара как альтернативу прямому манометрическому эксперименту. При сопоставлении манометрических и спектрофотометрических данных определены значения молярного коэффициента экстинкции InCl в ненасыщенном паре для максимумов полос поглощения. Найдено, что этот коэффициент слабо линейно зависит от температуры, убывая или возрастая на разных длинах волн. ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект 18-33-00900-мол-а. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Sen D., Heo N., Sef K. Phys. Chem. C, 2012, vol. 116, no. 27, pp. 14445–14453. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp303699u Kitsinelis S., Zissis G., Fokitis E. Physics D: Appl. Phys., 2009, vol. 42, p. 045209 (8 pp). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/4/045209 Hayashi D., Hilbig R., Körber A., et al. Phys. Letters, 2010, vol. 96, p. 061503. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3318252 Binnewies M., Schmidt M., Schmidt P. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 2017, vol. 643, pp. 1295–1311. https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201700055 Zavrazhnov A. Y., Turchen D. N., Naumov A. V., Zlomanov V. P. Phase Equilibria., 2003, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 330-339. https://doi.org/10.1361/105497103770330316 Fedorov P. I., Akchurin R. Kh. Indium. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2000, 276 p. (in Russ.) Zavrazhnov A. Yu., Naumov A. V., Pervov V. S., Riazhskikh M. V. Thermochimica Acta, 2012, vol. 532, pp. 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2010.10.004 Zavrazhnov A. Yu., Naumov A. V., Sergeeva A. V., Sidei V. I. Inorganic Materials, 2007, vol. 43, no. 11, pp. 1167–1178. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0020168507110039 Zavrazhnov A. Yu, Kosyakov A. V, Sergeeva A. V., Berezin S. S. Condensed Matter and Interphases, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 417 – 436. URL: https://journals.vsu.ru/kcmf/article/view/87/190 (in Russ.) Brebrick R. F. Phase Equilibria and Diffusion, 2005, vol. 26 no. 1, pp. 20 – 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11669-005-0054-z Kuniga Y., Hosaka M. Cryst. Growth, 1975, vol. 28, pp. 385–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(75)90077-9 Froslie H. M., Winans J. G. Rev., 1947, vol. 72, iss. 6, pp. 481–491. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.72.481 Jones W. E., McLean T. D. Molecular Spectroscopy, 1991, vol. 150, iss. 1, pp. 195-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(91)90202-l Vempati S. N., Jones W. E. Molecular Spectroscopy, vol. 132, iss. 2, pp. 458–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2852(88)90339-6 Kunia Y., Hosada S., Hosuka M. Denki Kagaku – Technical Paper, 1974, vol. 42, pp. 20–25. Robert C. Phys. Acta, 1936, vol. 9, pp. 405–436. Fedorov P. I., Mokhosoyev M. V. Gallium, Indium and Thallium Chemistry. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1977, 224 p. (in Russ.) Dritz M. E., Budberg P. ., Burkhanov G. S., et al. Properties of the Elements. Handbook, ed. by Dritz M. E. Moscow, Metallurgia Publ., 1985, 672 p. (in Russ.) Bronnikov A. D., Valilevskaya I., Niselson L. A. Izv. AN. SSSR. Metally, 1974, no. 4, pp. 54–57. (in Russ.) Zavrazhnov A. Yu. Doct. chem. sci. Voronezh, 2004, 340 p. Zavrazhnov A. Yu. Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 2003, vol. 48, no. 10, pp. 1577–1590. (in Russ.) Brebrick R. F., Su C.-H. Phase Equilibria, 2002, vol. 23, 2002, pp. 397–408. https://doi.org/10.1361/105497102770331343 Suvorov A. V. Thermodynamicheskaya chimia paroobraznogo sostoyania [Thermodynamic Chemistry Vapor State]. Leningrad, Chimia Publ., 1970, 208 p. (in Russ.)

Amorphous SiOx films with silicon nanoclusters are a new interesting material from the standpoint of the physics, technology, and possible practical applications, since such films can exhibit photoluminescence due to size quantization. Moreover, the optical properties of these structures can be controlled by varying the size and the content of silicon nanoclusters in the SiOx film, as well as by transforming nanoclusters into nanocrystals by means of high-temperature annealing. However, during the annealing of nonstoichiometric silicon oxide, significant changes can occur in the phase composition and the structure of the films. The results of investigations on the crystallization of silicon nanoclusters in a SiOx matrix have shownthat, even a very fast method of annealing using PPA leads to the formation of large silicon crystallites. This also causes the crystallization of at least a part of the oxide phase in the form of silicon hydroxide H6O7Si2. Moreover, in films with an initial content of pure silicon nanoclusters ≤ 50%, during annealing a part of the silicon is spent on the formation of oxide, and part of it is spent on the formation of silicon crystals. While in a film with an initial concentration of silicon nanoclusters ≥ 53%, on the contrary, upon annealing, there occurs a partial transition of silicon from the oxide phase to the growth ofSi crystals Reference 1. Undalov Y. K., Terukov E. I., Silicon nanoclustersncl-Si in a hydrogenated amorphous silicon suboxidematrix a-SiOx:H (0 < x < 2). Semiconductors. 2015;49(7):867- 878. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S10637826150702222. Kim K. H., Johnson E. V., Kazanskii A. G.,Khenkin M. V., Roca P. Unravelling a simple methodfor the low temperature synthesis of siliconnanocrystals and monolithic nanocrystalline thinfilms. Scientific Reports. 2017;7(1) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep405533. Undalov Y. K., Terukov E. I., Trapeznikova I. N.Formation of ncl-Si in the amorphous matrix a-SiOx-:H located near the anode and on the cathode, usinga time-modulated DC plasma with the (SiH4–Ar–O2)gas phase (Co2 = 21.5 mol%). Semiconductors.2019;53(11): 1514–1523. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S10637826191102284. Terekhov V. A., Terukov E. I., Undalov Y. K.,Parinova E. V., Spirin D. E., Seredin P. V., Minakov D. A.,Domashevskaya E. P. Composition and optical propertiesof amorphous a-SiOx:H films with silicon nanoclusters.Semiconductors. 2016;50(2): 212–216. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1134/S10637826160202515. Terekhov V. A., Turishchev S. Y., Kashkarov V. M.,Domashevskaya E. P., Mikhailov A. N., Tetel’baum D. I.Silicon nanocrystals in SiO2 matrix obtained by ionimplantation under cyclic dose accumulation. PhysicaE: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures.2007;38(1-2): 16–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2006.12.0306. Terekhov V. A., Turishchev S. Y., Pankov K. N.,Zanin I. E., Domashevskaya E. P., Tetelbaum D. I.,Mikhailov A. N., Belov A. I., Nikolichev D. E., Zubkov S. Y.XANES, USXES and XPS investigations of electronenergy and atomic structure peculiarities of the siliconsuboxide thin film surface layers containing Si nanocrystals.Surface and Interface Analysis. 2010;42(6-7):891–896. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.33387. Terekhov V. A., Turishchev S. Y., Pankov K. N.,Zanin I. E., Domashevskaya E. P., Tetelbaum, MikhailovA. N., Belov A. I., Nikolichev D. E. Synchrotron investigationsof electronic and atomic-structure peculiaritiesfor silicon-oxide films’ surface layers containingsilicon nanocrystals. Journal of Surface Investigation.X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques. 2011;5(5):958–967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S102745101110020X8. Sato K., Izumi T., Iwase M., Show Y., Morisaki H.,Yaguchi T., Kamino T. Nucleation and growth of nanocrystallinesilicon studied by TEM, XPS and ESR.Applied Surface Science. 2003;216 (1-4): 376–381. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00445-89. Ledoux G., Gong J., Huisken F., Guillois O., ReynaudC. Photoluminescence of size-separated siliconnanocrystals: Confirmation of quantum confinement.Applied Physics Letters. 2002;80(25): 4834–4836. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.148530210. Patrone L., Nelson D., Safarov V. I., Sentis M.,Marine W., Giorgio S. Photoluminescence of siliconnanoclusters with reduced size dispersion producedby laser ablation. Journal of Applied Physics. 2000;87(8):3829–3837. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.37242111. Takeoka S., Fujii M., Hayashi S. Size-dependentphotoluminescence from surface-oxidized Si nanocrystalsin a weak confinement regime. Physical ReviewB. 2000;62(24): 16820–16825. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.62.1682012. Ievlev V. M. Activation of solid-phase processesby radiation of gas-discharge lamps, Russian ChemicalReviews. 2013;82(9): 815–834. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1070/rc2013v082n09abeh00435713. Zimkina T. M., Fomichev V. A. Ultrasoft X-Rayspectroscopy. Leningrad: Leningrad State UniversityPubl.; 1971. 132 p.14. Wiech G., Feldhütter H. O., Šimůnek A. Electronicstructure of amorphous SiOx:H alloy filmsstudied by X-ray emission spectroscopy: Si K, Si L, andO K emission bands. Physical Review B. 1993;47(12):6981–6989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/Phys-RevB.47.698115. Domashevskaya E. P., Peshkov Y. A., TerekhovV. A., Yurakov Y. A., Barkov K. A., Phase compositionof the buried silicon interlayers in the amorph o u s m u l t i l a y e r n a n o s t r u c t u r e s[(Co45Fe45Zr10)/a-Si:H]41 and [(Co45Fe45Zr10)35(Al2O3)65/a-Si:H]41. Surface and Interface Analysis.2018;50(12-13): 1265–1270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.651516. Terekhov V. A., Kashkarov V. M., ManukovskiiE. Yu., Schukarev A. V., Domashevskaya E. P.Determination of the phase composition of surfacelayers of porous silicon by ultrasoft X-ray spectroscopyand X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques.Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena.2001;114–116: 895–900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0368-2048(00)00393-517. JCPDS-International Centre for DiffractionData ICDD PDF-2, (n.d.) card No 01-077-2110.18. JCPDS-International Centre for DiffractionData ICDD PDF-2, (n.d.) card No 00-050-0438.

Моделирование реакции малых кластеров IB металлов с молекулами воды проведено в рамках теории функционала плотности. Рассчитана структура, колебательные частоты, зарядовое распределение и другие характеристики изомеров Men(H2O)m (Me = Cu, Ag, Au; n = 1-3; m = 1, 2). Показано, что частицы Cu2 и Cu3 термодинамически способны разлагать воду на водород и гидроксил при стандартных условиях, другие рассмотренные кластеры IB металлов подобной активностью не обладают. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Vigdorovich V. , Tsygankova L. E. , Shel’ N. V. Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 2015, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 567-574. https://doi.org/10.1134/s2070205115040346 de Heer W. A. Mod. Phys., 1993, vol. 65, pp. 611. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.65.611 Serebrennikov L. V., Davlyatshin D. I., Golovkin A. V. Russian Journal of Pphysical Chemistry A, 2010, vol. 84, pp. 2082. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0036024410120137 Tretyakov Y. D., Goodilin E. A. Russian Chemical Reviews, 2009, vol. 78, pp. 801. https://doi.org/10.1070/rc2009v078n09abeh004029 Melikhov V. I. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2007, vol. 77, pp. 563-567. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1019331607060032 Valden M., Lai X., Goodman W. Science, 1998, vol. 281, pp. 1647. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5383.1647 Park A. Thesis Ph.D. Rice University, 1988, pp. 126-160. Eachus R. S., Marchetti A. P., Muenter A. A. Rev. Phys. Chem., 1999, vol. 50, pp. 117. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.50.1.117 Elghanian R., Srorhoff J. J., Mucic R. C., et al. Science, 1997, vol. 277, pp. 1078. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5329.1078 Doroshenko A. A., Nechaev I. V., Vvedenskii A. V. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2014, vol. 88, pp. 1542. https://doi.org/10.1134/s003602441409012x Moskovits M. Mod. Phys., 1985, vol. 57, pp. 783. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.57.783 Adamo C., Scuseria G.E., Barone V. Chem. Phys., 1999, vol. 111, pp. 2889. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.479571 Dunning Jr. T. H. Chem. Phys., 1989, vol. 90, pp. 1007. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.456153 Stoll H., Fuentealba P., Schwerdtfeger P., et al. Chem. Phys., 1984, vol. 81, pp. 2732. DOI: 10.1063/1.447992 Reed A. E, Kurtiss L. A., Weinhold F. Rev., 1988, vol. 88, pp. 899. DOI: 10.1021/cr00088a005 Frisch M. J., Trucks G. W., Schlegel H. B., et al. Gaussian 09 Revision D.01. Gaussian Inc., Wallingford CT, 2009. URL: www.chemcraftprog.com. Merrick J. P., Moran D., Radom L. Phys. Chem. A., 2007, vol. 111, pp. 11683. DOI: 10.1021/jp073974n Barone V. Chem. Phys., 2004, vol. 120, pp. 3059. DOI: 10.1063/1.1637580 Molecular Constants of Inorganic Compounds / Ed. by K.S Krasnova. Leningrad, Chemistry Publ., 1979, 448 p. (in Russ.)

Установлено, что при длительном (24-216 ч) взаимодействии насыщенных паров воды с поверхностно-модифицированными порошками на основе меди ПМС-1 величина сорбции воды (a, g/g) изменяется по сложному закону. Предложено математическое описание процесса, позволяющее с относительной погрешностью 5-7 % аппроксимировать опытные данные по временным зависимостям a = f(t) и 1/а = F(t) на основе линейной функции и функции Гаусса. Показано, что среди образцов на основе меди c нанесенными четвертичными соединениями аммония (триамон – Т и алкамон – А) и органогидридсилоксаном (из паров ГКЖ – гидрофобизирующей кремнийорганической жидкости), наиболее гидрофобными являются образцы вида Cu/A/ГКЖ и Cu/T/A с последовательно нанесенными слоями структурно подобных веществ. ЛИТЕРАТУРА Chen J, Javaheri H., Sulaiman B., Dahman Y. Synthesis, characterization and applications of nanoparticles. Chapter 1 in book: Fabrication and Self-Assembly of Nanobiomaterials, 2016. 1-27 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-41533-0.00001-5 Beloglazov I. N., Syrkov A. G. Khimiko-fizicheskie osnovy i metody polucheniya poverkhnostno-nanostrukturirovannykh metallov [Chemicophysical Basics and Methods of Obtaining of Surface-Nanostructured Metals]. Saint-Petersburg, SPbGU Publ., 2011. 72 p. (in Russ.) Schwaminger S., Surya R., Filser S., et. al. Scientific Reports, 2017, vol. 7, 9 p. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12791-9 Syrkov A. G., Taraban V. V., Nazarova E. A. Condensed Matter and Interphases, 2012, vol. 14, no. 2. pp. 150-154. URL: http://www.kcmf.vsu.ru/resources/t_14_2_2012_002.pdf (in Russ.) Syrkov A. G., Sychev M. M., Silivanov M. O., Rozhkova N. N. Glass Physics and Chemistry, 2018, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 474-479. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1087659618050206 Kamalova T. G. Peculiarities of adsorption-chemical and antifriction properties of metals, containing low-dimensional forms of ammonium compounds on surface. cand. chem. sci., Saint-Petersburg, 2017, 104 p. (in Russ.) Spravochnik khimika. Khimicheskoe ravnovesie i kinetika. Svoistva rastvorov. Elektrodnye protsessy. T. III., 2-e izdanie, pererabotannoe i dopolnennoe [Data Book of Chemist. Chemical Equilibrium and Kinetics. Properties of Solutions. Electrode Processes.]. Leningrad: Khimiya Publ., 1964. 1008 p. (in Russ.) Roberts M., Makki Ch. Khimiya poverkhnosti razdela metal-gaz [Chemistry of metal-gas interface]. Мoscow, Mir Publ., 1989, 359 p. (in Russ.) Lowell S., Shields J. E. Adsorption Isotherms. Chapter in: Powder Surface Area and Porosity. Springer, Dordrecht. 1984, 11-13 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5562-2_3 Khananashvili L.N., Andrianov K. A. Tekhnologiya elementoorganicheskikh monomerov i polimerov [Technology of Organoelement Monomers and Polymers]. Moscow, Khimiya Publ., 1983. 380 p. (in Russ.) Romankov P. G., Frolov V. F., Fislyuk O. M. Metody rascheta processov i apparartov khimicheskoi tekhnologii (primery i zadachi): uchebnoe posobie dlya vuzov [Calculation Methods of Processes and Equipments of Chemistry Technology (examples and exercises): University Training Manual]. Saint-Petersburg, Khimizdat Publ., 2009. 544 p. (in Russ.) Syrkov A. G. Nanotekhnologiya i nanomaterialy. Rol’ neravnovesnykh protsessov [Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials. Role of Nonequilibrium Processes]. Saint-Petersburg, Izdatel’stvo Politekhnicheskogo universiteta Publ., 2016. 194 p. (in Russ.) Syrkov A. G. Russian Journal of General Chemistry,2015, vol. 85, no. 6, pp. 1538-1539. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1070363215060304 Metallovedenie, obrabotka i primenenie alyuminievykh splavov. Spravochnik [Aluminium. Metal Science, Treatment and Using of Aluminum Alloy. Data Book]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1972, 664 p. (in Russ.)

Ferrimagnetic nanoparticles are used in biotechnology (as drug carriers, biosensors, elements of diagnostic sets, contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging), catalysis, electronics, and for the production of magnetic fluids and magnetorheological suspensions, etc. The use of magnetic nanoparticles requires enhanced magnetic characteristics, in particular, high saturation magnetisation.The aim of our study was to obtain single-phased magnetic nanoparticles of MnxFe3–xO4 solid solutions at room temperature. We also studied the dependence of the changes in their structure, morphology, and magnetic properties on the degree of substitution in order to determine the range of the compounds with the highest magnetisation value.A number of powders of Mn-substituted magnetite MnxFe3–xO4 (x = 0 – 1.8) were synthesized by means of co-precipitation from aqueous solutions of salts. The structural and micro-structural features and magnetic properties of the powders were studied using magnetic analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and IR spectroscopy.The X-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy confirm the formation of single-phase compounds with cubic spinel structures. The maximum increase in saturation magnetization as compared to non-substituted magnetite was observed for Mn0.3Fe2.7O4 (Ms = 68 A·m2·kg–1 at 300 K and Ms = 85 A·m2·kg–1 at 5 K). This is associated with the changes in the cation distribution between the tetrahedral and octahedral cites.A method to control the magnetic properties of magnetite by the partial replacement of iron ions in the magnetite structure with manganese has been proposed in the paper. The study demonstrated that it is possible to change the magnetisation and coercivity of powders by changing the degree of substitution. The maximum magnetisation corresponds to the powder Mn0.3Fe2.7O4. The nanoparticles obtained by the proposed method have a comparatively high specific magnetisation and a uniform size distribution. Therefore the developed materials can be used for the production of magnetorheological fluidsand creation of magnetically controlled capsules for targeted drug delivery and disease diagnostics in biology and medicine (magnetic resonance imaging). References1. Gubin C. G., Koksharov Yu. A., Khomutov G. B.,Yurkov G. Yu. Magnetic nanoparticles: preparation,structure and properties. Russian Chemical Reviews2005;74(6): 539–574. Available at: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=90858192. Skumr yev V. , Stoyanov S. , Zhang Y. ,Hadjipanayis G., Givord D., Nogués J. Beating thesuperparamagnetic limit with exchange bias. Nature.2003;423(6943): 850–853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature016873. Joseph A., Mathew S. Ferrofluids: syntheticstrategies, stabilization, physicochemical features, characterization, and applications. ChemPlusChem.2014;79(10): 1382–1420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.2014022024. Mathew D. S., Juang R.-S. An overview of thestructure and magnetism of spinel ferrite nanoparticlesand their synthesis in microemulsions. ChemicalEngineering Journal. 2007:129(1–3): 51–65. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.11.0015. Rewatkar K. G. Magnetic nanoparticles:synthesis and properties. Solid State Phenomena.2016:241: 177–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.241.1776. Tartaj P., Morales M. P., Veintemillas-VerdaguerS., Gonzalez-Carre´no T., Serna C. J. Thepreparation of magnetic nanoparticles for applicationsin biomedicine. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics.2003: 36 (13): 182–197. DOI: : https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/2027. West A. Khimiya tverdogo tela. Teoriya iprilozheniya [Solid State Chemistry and Its Applications].In 2 parts Part 1. Transl. from English. Moscow, Mir,1988 558 p.8. Spravochnik khimika: V 6 t. 2-e izd. Obshchiyesvedeniya. Stroyeniye veshchestva. Svoystva vazhneyshikhveshchestv. Laboratornaya tekhnika [Chemist’sHandbook: In 6 volumes, 2nd ed. General information.The structure of matter. Properties of the mostimportant substances. Laboratory equipment]. B. P.Nikolskiy (ed.) Moscow – Leningrad: GoskhimizdatPubl.; 1963. V. 1. 1071 p. (In Russ.)9. Zhuravlev G. I. Khimiya i tekhnologiya ferritov[Ferrite chemistry and technology]. Leningrad:Khimiya Publ.; 1970. p. 192. (In Russ.)10. Mason B. Mineralogical aspects of the systemFeO-Fe2O3-MnO-Mn2O3. Geologiska Föreningen iStockholm Förhandlingar. 1943;65(2): 97–180. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/1103589430944714211. Guillemet-Fritsch S., Navrotsky A., TailhadesPh., Coradin H., Wang M. Thermochemistry of ironmanganese oxide spinels. Journal of Solid StateChemistry. 2005;178(1):106–113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2004.10.03112. Ortega D. Structure and magnetism in magneticnanoparticles. In: Magnetic Nanoparticles: FromFabrication to Clinical Applications. Boca Raton: CRCPress; 2012. p. 3–72. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1201/b11760-313. Kodama T., Ookubo M., Miura S., Kitayama Y.Synthesis and characterization of ultrafine Mn(II)-bearing ferrite of type MnxFe3-xO4 by coprecipitation.Materials Research Bulletin... 1996:31(12): 1501–1512.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0025-5408(96)00146-814. Al-Rashdi K. S., Widatallah H., Al Ma’Mari F.,Cespedes O., Elzain M., Al-Rawas A., Gismelseed A.,Yousif A. Structural and mossbauer studies ofnanocrystalline Mn2+ doped Fe3O4 particles. HyperfineInteract. 2018:239(1): 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-017-1476-915. Modaresi N., Afzalzadeh R., Aslibeiki B.,Kameli P. Competition between the Impact of cationdistribution and crystallite size on properties ofMnxFe3–xO4 nanoparticles synthesized at roomtemperature. Ceramics International. 2017:43(17):15381–15391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.08.079

Методами поляризационных и импедансных измерений изучена кинетика реакции выделения водорода на MnSi-электроде в сернокислых растворах с различной концентрацией ионов водорода. Сделано предположение о механизме выделения водорода на силициде. Отмечено влияние тонкой оксидной пленки на кинетику выделения водорода на MnSi при невысоких катодных поляризациях. REFERENCES Rotinyan A. L., Tikhonov K. I., Shoshina I. A. Teoreticheskaya elektrokhimiya [Theoretical Electrochemistry]. Leningrad, Khimiya Publ., 1981, 424 p. (in Russ.) Antropov L. I. Teoreticheskaya elektrokhimiya [Theoretical Electrochemistry]. Мoscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1984, 519 p. (in Russ.) Shamsul Huq A. K. M., Rosenberg A. J. J. Electrochemical behavior of nickel compounds. Electrochem. Soc. , 1964, v. 111(3), p. 270. https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2426107 Vijh A. K., Belanger G., Jacques R. Electrochemical reactions oh iron silicide surfaces in sulphuric acid. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 1988, v. 20(6), pp. 529–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/0254-0584(88)90086-7 Vijh A. K., Belanger G., Jacques R. Electrochemical activity of silicides of some transition metals for the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic solutions. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 1990, v. 15(11), pp. 789–794. DOI: 10.1016/0360-3199(90)90014-P Shein A. B. Elektrokhimiya silitsidov i germanidov perekhodnykh metallov [Electrochemistry of silicides and germanides of transition metals]. Perm‘, Perm. gos. un-t Publ., 2009, 269 p. (in Russ.) Vigdorovich V. I., Tsygankova L. E., Gladysheva I. E., Kichigin V. I. Kinetics of hydrogen evolution from acidic solutions on pressed micro graphite electrodes modifi ed with carbon nanotubes. II. Impedance studies. Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 2012, v. 48(4), pp. 438–443. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205112040181 Meyer S., Nikiforov A. V., Petrushina I. M., Kohler K., Christensen E., Jensen J. O., Bjerrum N. J. Transition metal carbides (WC, Mo2C, TaC, NbC) as potential electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at medium temperatures. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2015, v. 40(7), pp. 2905–2911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.12.076 Kichigin V. I., Shein A. B., Shamsutdinov A. Sh. The kinetics of cathodic hydrogen evolution on iron monosilicide in acid and alkaline solutions. Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy [Condensed Matter and Interphases], 2016, v. 18(3), pp. 326–337. URL: https://journals.vsu.ru/kcmf/article/view/140/98 (in Russ.) Eftekhari A. Electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, v. 42(16), pp. 11053–11077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.02.125 Schalenbach M., Speck F. D., Ledendecker M., Kasian O., Goehl D., Mingers A. M., Breitbach B., Springer H., Cherevko S., Mayrhofer K. J. J. Nickelmolybdenum alloy catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction: Activity and stability revised. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, v. 259, pp. 1154–1161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.11.069 Kuz’minykh M. M., Panteleeva V. V., Shein A. B. Cathodic hydrogen evolution on iron disilicide. II. Acidic solution. Izvestiya vuzov. Khimiya i khim. tekhnologiya, 2019, v. 62(2), pp. 59–64. https://doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt. 20196202.5750 (in Russ.) Samsonov G. V., Dvorina L. A., Rud’ B.M. Silitsidy [Silicides]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1979, 272 p. (in Russ.) Samsonov G. V., Vinitskii I. M. Tugoplavkie soedineniya [Refractory compounds]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1976, 560 p. (in Russ.) Yamasaki T., Okada S., Kamamoto K., Kudou K. Crystal Growth and properties of manganese-silicon system compounds by high-temperature tin solution method. Pacific Science Review, 2012, v. 14(3), pp. 275. Lee M., Onose Y., Tokura Y., Ong N. P. Hidden constant in the anomalous Hall effect of high-purity magnet MnSi. Phys. Rev. B., 2007, v. 75(17), p. 172403. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.172403 Neubauer A., Pfl eiderer C., Binz B., Rosch A., Ritz R., Niklowitz P. G., Boni P. Topological Hall effect in the a phase of MnSi. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009, v. 102(18), pp. 186602. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.186602 Sukhotin A. M. Spravochnik po elektrokhimii [Handbook of electrochemistry]. Leningrad, Khimiya Publ., 1981, 488 p. (in Russ.) Zhang X. G. Electrochemistry of silicon and its oxide. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2001. 510 p. Xu X., Bojkov H., Goodman D. W. Electrochemical study of ultrathin silica fi lms supported on a platinum substrate. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 1994, v. A12(4), pp. 1882–1885. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.579022 Harrington D. A., Conway B. E. ac Impedance of Faradaic reactions involving electrosorbed intermediates — I. Kinetic theory. Electrochim. Acta, v. 32(12), pp. 1703–1712. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(87)80005-1 Orazem M. E., Tribollet B. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. J. Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, New York, 2008, 533 p. Kichigin V. I., Sherstobitova I. N., Shein A. B. Impedans elektrokhimicheskikh i korrozionnykh sistem: ucheb. posobie po spetskursu [The impedance of electrochemical and corrosion systems: textbook. special course allowance]. Perm’, Perm. gos. un-t Publ., 2009, 239 p. (in Russ.) Kichigin V. I., Shein A. B. Diagnostic criteria for hydrogen evolution mechanisms in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochemica Acta, 2014, v. 138, pp. 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2014.06.114 Kichigin V. I., Shein A. B. Additional criteria for the mechanism of hydrogen evolution reaction in the impedance spectroscopy method. Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta. Ser. Khimiya, 2018, v. 8, iss. 3, pp. 316–324. https://doi.org/10.17072/2223-1838-2018-3-316-324 (in Russ.) Kichigin V. I., Shein A. B. Infl uence of hydrogen absorption on the potential dependence of the Faradaic impedance parameters of hydrogen evolution reaction. Electrochemica Acta, 2016, v. 201, pp. 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.194

Целью статьи является разработка феноменологической математической модели формирования и роста фаз в части влияния температурной зависимости параметров диффузии на характер роста слоев в двухкомпонентной многофазной системе. Темой исследования является анализ влияния температурной зависимости параметров диффузии на изменение характера роста слоев в двухкомпонентных многофазных системах. Предложено решение задачи использования температурного режима процесса диффузии при разработке технологических процессов сварки, пайки, нанесении покрытий и других, при которых в диффузионной зоне образуются интерметаллические слои, карбиды, нитриды, субоксиды, фосфиды и т. п. с заданными и контролируемыми эксплуатационными характеристиками получаемых новых материалов, их соединений, покрытий и пр. Результаты решения задачи позволяют по известным параметрам температурного режима процесса диффузии, полученным при исследовании двухкомпонентной многофазной системы, целенаправленно контролировать динамику роста, состав образующихся в процессе диффузии слоев, и их выходные параметры в данной системе для получения новых материалов с заданными свойствами. REFERENCES Molokhina L. A., Rogalin V. E., Kaplunov I. A., Filin S. A. Mathematical model for the growth of phases in binary multiphase systems upon isothermic annealing. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2017, v. 91(9), pp. 1635-1641. https://doi.org/10.7868/S0044453717090242 Molokhina L. A., Rogalin V. E., Kaplunov I. A., Filin S. A. Dependence of growth of the phases of multiphase binary systems on the diffusion parameters. Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2017, v. 91(12), pp. 2302–2309. https://doi.org/10.7868/S00444537171202143 Larikov L. N., Ryabov V. R., Fal’chenko V. M. Diffuzionnye processy v tverdoj faze pri svarke [Diffusive processes in a fi rm phase when welding]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1975, 192 p. (in Russ.) Roslyakova L. I., Roslyakov I. N. Diffuzionnye i kineticheskie protsessy na poverkhnosti stali pri tsementatsii [Diffusion and kinetic processes on the surface of steel during carburizing]. Uprochnyayuschie tehnologii i pokrytiya, 2014(112), p. 32. (in Russ.) Robinson W. M., Bever M. B. Metallurgical Transactions, 1967, 239, p. 1015. Petrunin I. E., Markova I. Yu., Ekatova A. S. Metallovedenie pajki [Metallurgy Soldering]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1976, 264 p. (in Russ.) Ivanov S. G., Gur’ev M. A., Gur’ev A. M. Calculation of diffusion coeffi cient of simultaneous complex steel borating process. Aktual’nye problemy v mashinostroenii, 2015(2), pp. 416-420. (in Russ.) Gurov K. P., Kartashkin B. A., Ugaste Yu. E. Vzaimnaya diffuziya v mnogofaznyh metallicheskih sistemah [Mutual diffusion in multiphase metal systems]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1981, 350 p. (in Russ.) van Loo F. J. J., Rieck G. Diffusion in the Ti–Al system. Interdiffusion between solid Al and Fe or Ti–Al alloys. Acta Metallyrg., 1973, v. 21, pp. 61–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(73)90220-4 Borisov V. I., Borisov T. V. Effect of interfacial reaction rate on diffusion layer growth kinetics. Fizika metallov i metallovedeniya, 1976, v. 42, p. 496. (in Russ.) Ganseen M., Rieck G. Effect of interfacial reaction rate on diffusion layer growth kinetics. Trans. Met. Soc. of AJME. 1967, v. 239, p. 1372. Bastin G.D., Rieck G. Diffusion in the Ti–Ni system. Occurrence and growth of the various intermetallic compounds. Met. Trans. Soc. 1974, v. 5, p. 1817. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02644146 Clark E. J. Vacuum diffusion joining of titanium. Welding Journel., 1959, v. 38, p. 251. Lashko N. F., Lashko S. V. Pajka metallov [Soldering of metals]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1988, 376 p. (in Russ.) Neverov V. I. Issledovanie kinetiki diffuzionnogo rosta faz v binarnyh sistemah so slozhnoj diagrammoj sostoyaniya, primenyaemyh v novoj tehnike [The study of the kinetics of diffusion phase growth in binary systems with a complex state diagram used in the new technique]. Cand. phys. and math. sci. diss. Sverdlovsk, 1981, 192 p. (in Russ.) Bugakov V. Z. Diffuziya v metallah i splavah [Diffusion in metals and alloys]. Leningrad, Gostehizdat Publ., 1949, 206 p. (in Russ.) Gryzunov V. I., Sokolovskaya E. M., Ajtbaev B. K. O kontsentratsionnoy i temperaturnoy zavisimosti koeffi tsientov diffuzii [On the concentration and temperature dependence of diffusion coeffi cients]. Izv. AN KazSSR. Seriya himicheskaya, 1983(6), pp. 19–26. (in Russ.) Ajtbaev B. K., Gryzunov V. I., Sokolovskaya E. M. Issledovanie vzaimnoy diffuzii v sisteme titan – tsirkoniy [Study of mutual diffusion in titanium-zirconium system]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 2, Himiya [Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin], 1993, v. 34(2), pp. 179–180. (in Russ.) Gurevich L. M., Trykov Yu. P., Arisova V. N., Kiselev O. S., Kondrat’ev A. Yu., Metelkin V. V. Struktura i svoystva sloistykh titano-alyuminievykh kompozitov, uprochnennykh chastitsami intermetallidov [Structure and properties of layered titanium-aluminum composites reinforced with intermetallide particles]. Izvestiya VolGTU, Seriya «Problemy materialovedeniya svarki i prochnosti v mashinostroenii», 2009(59), pp. 5–10. (in Russ.) Shmorgun V. G., Trykov Yu. P., Slautin O. V., Bogdanov A. I, Bityuckih A. E. Struktura i svoystva sloistykh titano-alyuminievykh kompozitov, uprochnennykh chastitsami intermetallidov {Effect of thermal and force effects on diffusion layer growth kinetics in nickel-aluminum composite]. Izvestiya VolGTU, Seriya «Problemy materialovedeniya svarki i prochnosti v mashinostroenii», 2009(59), pp. 35–39. (in Russ.) Chernyshev A. P., Ovchinnikov V. V. Opredelenie inkubatsionnogo perioda strukturnykh i fazovykh prevrashcheniy v stali [Determination of incubation period of structural and phase transformations in steel] Metallovedenie i termicheskaya obrabotka metallov. Izvestiya VUZov. Chernaya metallurgiya,1998(2), pp. 48–49. (in Russ.) Treheus G., Guiraldeng P. Infi uence des paliers de reaction isotherme sur la croissance par diffusione des composes d’un diagramme d’equilibre benaire. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. B, 1972, v. 275, p. 105. Shmogun V. G., Trykov Yu. P., Slautin O. V., Metelkin V. V., Bogdanov A. I. Kinetika diffuzionnykh protsessov v nikel’-alyuminievoy kompozitsii [Kinetics of diffusion processes in nickel-aluminum composi-tion]. Izvestiya vuzov. Poroshkovaya metallurgiya i funkcional’nye pokrytiya, 2008(4), pp. 24–28. (in Russ.) Mazanko V. F., Prokopenko G. I., Shterenberg A. M., Gercriken D. S., Mironova T. V. Osobennosti fazoobrazovaniya v zheleze i stali v usloviyakh ul’trazvukovoy udarnoy obrabotki [Features of phase formation in iron and steel under conditions of ultrasonic impact treatment]. Fizika i himiya obrabotki materialov, 2006(2), pp. 73–82. (in Russ.) Kulemin A. V., Mickevich A. M. Diffuziya v sisteme Cu–Zn pri deystvii znakoperemennykh napryazheniy [Diffusion in Cu - Zn system under alternating voltages]. Metallofi zika novejshie tehnologii, 2007(3), pp. 305–315. (in Russ.) Krutilin A. N., Kuharchuk M. N., Sycheva O. A. Review of the methods of intensifi cation of diffused processes of oxides deoxidation // Lit’e i metallurgiya, 2011(60), pp. 45–49. (in Russ.) Glensk A., Grabowski B., Hickel T., Neugebauer J. Breakdown of the arrhenius law in describing vacancy formation energies: the importance of local anharmonicity revealed by ab initio thermodynamics. Physical Review X, 2014, v. 4(1), p. 011018. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.4.011018

Background. The academic guitar art, which announced itself at the beginning of the XXI century as one of the dominant and sought-after forms of the concert music making, in recent decades has become the subject of scientific reflection. However, due to a later start time of its evolvement, it turned out to be less explored than other concert genres. The birth of the academic guitar art in the early twentieth century associated with the name of A. Segovia, together with whose creativity it stepped beyond the limits of the Spanish national culture and came to the world level. Creativity of the contemporaries and compatriots of A. Segovia, the famous guitarists of the first half of the twentieth century C. Romero, R. S&#225;inz de la Maza and M. Llobet, did not have that cultural and artistic weight, which could be a basis for ascension of the Spanish guitar art to the European professional heights. Exactly A. Segovia was able to do this. In spite of the fact that the importance of A. Segovia’s activities for the formation of the new performing guitar traditions of the twentieth century is enormous, it has not yet received its systemic coverage. Thus, the relevance of this article is caused, on the one hand, by the great interest in the academic guitar art in recent years, and on the other, by the lack of the special scientific studies dedicated to the performing art of the outstanding Spanish guitarist. Existing studies contain only incomplete historical data [3; 7] or the compressed socio-cultural panorama of A. Segovia’s creative activity and the period of formation of the guitar performing traditions of the twentieth century [1, p. 4–6]. Objectives. The proposed research considers the features of the performing art of A. Segovia at its different stages in order to identify the patterns of its evolvement and the main its achievements from the point of view of the contemporary guitar art. For the first time, a comprehensive assessment of the concert heritage of the Spanish maestro in the aspect of its legislative influence upon the modern academic guitar creativity is given. Methods of the research. The complex of general scientific research methods makes it possible to disclose the basic positions of the article: signification of the classical guitar in the family of the academic solo instruments (systems approach); the evolution paths of an academic guitar (historical approach); comprehension of the guitar creativity in a broad socio-cultural aspect (cultural approach); definition of the author’s performing style of A. Segovia (interpretational approach). Results. For comprehension of the evolution of A. Segovia’s performing arts, maestro’ concert programs are considered. The first big performance (March 12, 1916) included 19 pieces (Par I – the arrangements by A. Segovia and one piece by M. Llobet; Part II – the works by J. Bach, J. Haydn, F. Mendelssohn, F. Chopin, all transcribed for guitar by F. T&#225;rrega; Part III – the music by I. Albeniz, E. Granados and one play by P. Tchaikovsky). At this stage of evolution of the academic guitar art, A. Segovia could not present in the program the works of the Renaissance epoch; besides, in the historical and cultural aspect, the program is formatted inconsequently. However, in our opinion, the program is logical and justified in its own way, and its third part that almost entirely formed from the works of the Spanish national classics one can consider as a response to the ideology of “Renacimiento” – the movement for the national revival of Spain. The ending of the decade of the fruitful concert activity of A. Segovia coincided with his tours in the territory of present-day Russia and Ukraine. In 1926, A. Segovia gave six concerts in Moscow and two concerts in Leningrad, and in 1927 – six concerts in Moscow, three concerts in Leningrad, and one each in Kharkov and Kiev. The analysis shows that the total number of works in A. Segovia’s repertoire list during his Moscow tour performances in 1926–1927 has grown to 75. They belonged to different historical eras and various performing styles, to 28 authors from different countries. The extensive repertoire corresponding to A. Segovia’s exquisite taste embodied in elegant performing interpretations, which reflected in the feedback from listeners and music critics. Over 10 years of his concert activity, the total repertoire of A. Segovia expanded significantly (up to 300 works), not only due to his own transcriptions of works by J. Bach, G. Handel, W. Mozart, J. Haydn, F. Schubert, F. T&#225;rrega, I. Albeniz and E. Granados, but also thanks to the works of a new wave of composers: A. Tansman, F. Moreno Torroba, J. Turina, which created a number of pieces for guitar at the request of A. Segovia. Conclusions. Thus, contingently, A. Segovia’s concert activity one can divide into two big stages: before and after 1924. The culmination point of the first stage is related with the successful performance in Barcelona (1916), which eliminated some acoustic and psychological barriers that hampered guitar performers and organizers of concerts (A. Segovia is the first guitarist who was playing in the hall for 1000 seats). The first tour in Paris in April 1924, which began the second stage of the maestro’s concert activity, can be considered as a landmark event on the path of world recognition of A. Segovia. Henceforth the format of the concert programs of A. Segovia and his recordings on disks thought out clearly, it is structured delicately based on the musical styles of certain historical periods. An important place the works of modern composers occupied. The concert heritage of A. Segovia is a reflection of the evolution of the guitar repertoire. It progressed from the limited by the previous tradition in the early twentieth century up to the universal format, combining the best examples of the folk music (flamenco), the transcriptions of European classical music and the modern works bearing the newest sound images. Among the authors of such, at the request of A. Segovia, were M. Castelnuovo-Tedesko, F. Moreno Torroba, M. Ponce, J. Rodrigo, A. Tansman.